baltin.²

Brit.

/ˈbɔːlti/,

/ˈbɒlti/,

/ˈbalti/, U.S.

/ˈbælti/,

/ˈbɔlti/,

/ˈbɑlti/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain and disputed.The word was first used in connection with restaurants chiefly in the area of Birmingham, England, in the early 1980s (compare quot. 1982 at main sense; one source claims that the first balti house opened in 1977, but no printed evidence for this has been found). It is unclear whether there is any antecedent in languages of northern India, Pakistan, or Kashmir; it is not recorded among the many borrowings from these languages in R. J. Baumgartner Eng. Lang. Pakistan (1993). It is widely suggested that the word is derived < Hindi bālṭī pail, bucket (perhaps ultimately < Portuguese balde ), referring to the small, two-handled pan used in balti houses (Urdu karahi ), but as there is no evidence that the Hindi word was used for vessels of this kind, this is probably a folk etymology. Derivation < Panjabi bāṭṭī deep brass dish (compare Hindi bāṭī , Bengali bāṭī ) has also been suggested; the intrusion of an -l- would be difficult to explain phonologically, but might have arisen in an English linguistic context from an error in transliteration, from misinterpretation of the retroflex ṭ as -lt- , or by confusion with Hindi bālṭī (see above). It has also been suggested that the word has some connection with Baltistan (see Balti adj. and n.¹). The cuisine is found throughout Pakistan and north-western India, but with the notable exception of Baltistan, which has a subsistence economy (although sharing of food from a communal pot, or bucket, is apparently a feature of Balti culture). The first balti houses may have been so named because of their simple, bring-and-share style, or because an early proprietor of such a restaurant was a Balti from Pakistani Kashmir. The predominant British pronunciation with back vowel is perhaps after Baltic adj. and n.

Cookery.

A style of cooking influenced by the cuisine of northern Pakistan, comprising highly spiced dishes usually served in wide, round-bottomed, metal pans and accompanied by nan bread. Also: food or a dish in this style.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > style of cooking > other styles

nouvelle cuisine1774

churrasco1917

kaiseki1920

Nonya1969

Cal-Mex1973

cuisine minceur1975

minceur1981

balti1982

1982 Heathan (Balsall Heath, Birmingham) July 8/1 (advt.) Specialists in kebab, tikah, balti meats tandoori chicken and all kinds of curry.

1984 Curry Mag. Winter 29/1 Can anyone tell me what Balti is?.. Some unusual dishes on the menu are Curried Quail, Balti chicken or meat.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 24 Feb. 32 A lot of police..got to know about ‘going for a balti’ while training in Birmingham.

1993 Times 26 June (Mag.) 35/2 I've eaten some passable, if crude, South American stuff and supped off the true Brum vernacular, which is the Kashmiri balti—only in this city do you get a table laid with a metre-long bread.

2000 Evening Post (Bristol) (Electronic ed.) 4 Nov. Not that students have to eat curry before a monster drinking session. They can, of course, grab a balti during and after, all equally satisfying.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1984 Curry Mag. Winter 29/1 Can anyone tell me what Balti is?.. Some unusual dishes on the menu are Curried Quail, Balti chicken or meat.

1987 Good Food Guide 1988 137 Highlights are the superb balti dishes, cooked and served in blackened iron pans.

1994 Independent on Sunday 7 May (Review Suppl.) 53/1 The mushrooming of cheap and cheerful balti restaurants in and around Birmingham, producing unsophisticated one-pot cooking.

2000 Mirror (Electronic ed.) 16 Nov. The local community, proud of their title as the birthplace of Balti cooking, asked that road signs be written in Punjabi.

C2.

balti house n. a restaurant specializing in this style of cooking.

ΚΠ

1985 Yellow Pages: Birmingham South West 320/1 Balti house Punjab Paradise sweet centre & restaurant... Specialising in balti dishes.

1990 Guardian 24 Feb. (Weekend Suppl.) 19/3 Balti houses in Sparkbrook will let a full couple out the door for well under £10.

1998 P. Chapman 1999 Good Curry Guide 51 Elephant or Family Nans are offered at Balti houses to share to scoop your food up with.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

Baltiadj.n.¹

Brit.

/ˈbalti/, U.S.

/ˈbælti/

Inflections: Plural Baltis, unchanged.

Forms: 1800s Belti, 1900s– Balti.

Origin: A borrowing from Balti. Etymon: Balti Balti.

Etymology: < Balti Balti, self-designation, of uncertain literal meaning and origin.The word is attested earlier in English in the place name Baltistan:1800 F. Wilford in Asiatick Researches 6 472 The country of the Byltæ, called Baltistan, is generally called by natives Balut-ter.

A. adj.

Of or relating to Baltistan, a Himalayan region of Kashmir (now in northern Pakistan), its inhabitants, or their language.

ΚΠ

1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 587/1 Báltí or Beltistán..i.e. the Beltí country, lies to the South-East of Badakhshán.

1866 H. H. G. Austen in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 35: Pt. i 233 This Vocabulary of Kashmiri and Balti words was compiled..in leasure [sic] hours of rainy days.

1899 F. E. S. Adair Summer in High Asia ii. 23 The Balti coolie is a curious-looking being.

1948 D. Diringer Alphabet iv. 299 Specimen from the Balti script.

1989 Life Feb. 127/1 Below lie miles of untracked ridges and gullies, leading at last to a Balti village.

B. n.¹

1. The Tibetan language of Baltistan.

ΚΠ

1866 H. H. G. Austen in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 35: Pt. i 233 (heading) A vocabulary of English, Balti and Kashmiri.

1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India III. i. 32 The Tibetan dialect of the province of Purik forms a link between Baltī and Ladakhī... Baltī is the prevailing language all over Baltistan.

1977 D. Murphy Where Indus is Young ii. 55 There is no resemblance whatever between Balti and any of the languages spoken in Pakistan.

1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 192/2 Balti: 400,000 speakers reported in 1986, mainly in north-eastern Pakistan.

2. A native or inhabitant of Baltistan.

ΚΠ

1875 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 4 327 The author also noticed the Dards.., and three Thibetan peoples, known as the Champas, the Ladakhis, and the Baltis.

1899 F. E. S. Adair Summer in High Asia ii. 23 The population of Dras is a mixed one, consisting of Baltis, a few Ladakis, Dards, and a sect known as Brōkpa.

1948 D. Diringer Alphabet iv. 300 Nowadays, the educated Baltis employ mainly the Persian-Arabic alphabet.

1989 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 237/1 The Balti have spread farther down the Indus Valley and have adopted Islām.

2000 Omaha (Nebraska) World-Herald (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Living) 45 Originally Buddhist, the Baltis converted to Islam during the Mogul insurgence around 1580.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	balti
释义	baltin.² Brit. /ˈbɔːlti/, /ˈbɒlti/, /ˈbalti/, U.S. /ˈbælti/, /ˈbɔlti/, /ˈbɑlti/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain and disputed.The word was first used in connection with restaurants chiefly in the area of Birmingham, England, in the early 1980s (compare quot. 1982 at main sense; one source claims that the first balti house opened in 1977, but no printed evidence for this has been found). It is unclear whether there is any antecedent in languages of northern India, Pakistan, or Kashmir; it is not recorded among the many borrowings from these languages in R. J. Baumgartner Eng. Lang. Pakistan (1993). It is widely suggested that the word is derived < Hindi bālṭī pail, bucket (perhaps ultimately < Portuguese balde ), referring to the small, two-handled pan used in balti houses (Urdu karahi ), but as there is no evidence that the Hindi word was used for vessels of this kind, this is probably a folk etymology. Derivation < Panjabi bāṭṭī deep brass dish (compare Hindi bāṭī , Bengali bāṭī ) has also been suggested; the intrusion of an -l- would be difficult to explain phonologically, but might have arisen in an English linguistic context from an error in transliteration, from misinterpretation of the retroflex ṭ as -lt- , or by confusion with Hindi bālṭī (see above). It has also been suggested that the word has some connection with Baltistan (see Balti adj. and n.¹). The cuisine is found throughout Pakistan and north-western India, but with the notable exception of Baltistan, which has a subsistence economy (although sharing of food from a communal pot, or bucket, is apparently a feature of Balti culture). The first balti houses may have been so named because of their simple, bring-and-share style, or because an early proprietor of such a restaurant was a Balti from Pakistani Kashmir. The predominant British pronunciation with back vowel is perhaps after Baltic adj. and n. Cookery. A style of cooking influenced by the cuisine of northern Pakistan, comprising highly spiced dishes usually served in wide, round-bottomed, metal pans and accompanied by nan bread. Also: food or a dish in this style. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > style of cooking > other styles nouvelle cuisine1774 churrasco1917 kaiseki1920 Nonya1969 Cal-Mex1973 cuisine minceur1975 minceur1981 balti1982 1982 Heathan (Balsall Heath, Birmingham) July 8/1 (advt.) Specialists in kebab, tikah, balti meats tandoori chicken and all kinds of curry. 1984 Curry Mag. Winter 29/1 Can anyone tell me what Balti is?.. Some unusual dishes on the menu are Curried Quail, Balti chicken or meat. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 24 Feb. 32 A lot of police..got to know about ‘going for a balti’ while training in Birmingham. 1993 Times 26 June (Mag.) 35/2 I've eaten some passable, if crude, South American stuff and supped off the true Brum vernacular, which is the Kashmiri balti—only in this city do you get a table laid with a metre-long bread. 2000 Evening Post (Bristol) (Electronic ed.) 4 Nov. Not that students have to eat curry before a monster drinking session. They can, of course, grab a balti during and after, all equally satisfying. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1984 Curry Mag. Winter 29/1 Can anyone tell me what Balti is?.. Some unusual dishes on the menu are Curried Quail, Balti chicken or meat. 1987 Good Food Guide 1988 137 Highlights are the superb balti dishes, cooked and served in blackened iron pans. 1994 Independent on Sunday 7 May (Review Suppl.) 53/1 The mushrooming of cheap and cheerful balti restaurants in and around Birmingham, producing unsophisticated one-pot cooking. 2000 Mirror (Electronic ed.) 16 Nov. The local community, proud of their title as the birthplace of Balti cooking, asked that road signs be written in Punjabi. C2. balti house n. a restaurant specializing in this style of cooking. ΚΠ 1985 Yellow Pages: Birmingham South West 320/1 Balti house Punjab Paradise sweet centre & restaurant... Specialising in balti dishes. 1990 Guardian 24 Feb. (Weekend Suppl.) 19/3 Balti houses in Sparkbrook will let a full couple out the door for well under £10. 1998 P. Chapman 1999 Good Curry Guide 51 Elephant or Family Nans are offered at Balti houses to share to scoop your food up with. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Baltiadj.n.¹ Brit. /ˈbalti/, U.S. /ˈbælti/ Inflections: Plural Baltis, unchanged. Forms: 1800s Belti, 1900s– Balti. Origin: A borrowing from Balti. Etymon: Balti Balti. Etymology: < Balti Balti, self-designation, of uncertain literal meaning and origin.The word is attested earlier in English in the place name Baltistan:1800 F. Wilford in Asiatick Researches 6 472 The country of the Byltæ, called Baltistan, is generally called by natives Balut-ter. A. adj. Of or relating to Baltistan, a Himalayan region of Kashmir (now in northern Pakistan), its inhabitants, or their language. ΚΠ 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 587/1 Báltí or Beltistán..i.e. the Beltí country, lies to the South-East of Badakhshán. 1866 H. H. G. Austen in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 35: Pt. i 233 This Vocabulary of Kashmiri and Balti words was compiled..in leasure [sic] hours of rainy days. 1899 F. E. S. Adair Summer in High Asia ii. 23 The Balti coolie is a curious-looking being. 1948 D. Diringer Alphabet iv. 299 Specimen from the Balti script. 1989 Life Feb. 127/1 Below lie miles of untracked ridges and gullies, leading at last to a Balti village. B. n.¹ 1. The Tibetan language of Baltistan. ΚΠ 1866 H. H. G. Austen in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 35: Pt. i 233 (heading) A vocabulary of English, Balti and Kashmiri. 1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India III. i. 32 The Tibetan dialect of the province of Purik forms a link between Baltī and Ladakhī... Baltī is the prevailing language all over Baltistan. 1977 D. Murphy Where Indus is Young ii. 55 There is no resemblance whatever between Balti and any of the languages spoken in Pakistan. 1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 192/2 Balti: 400,000 speakers reported in 1986, mainly in north-eastern Pakistan. 2. A native or inhabitant of Baltistan. ΚΠ 1875 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 4 327 The author also noticed the Dards.., and three Thibetan peoples, known as the Champas, the Ladakhis, and the Baltis. 1899 F. E. S. Adair Summer in High Asia ii. 23 The population of Dras is a mixed one, consisting of Baltis, a few Ladakis, Dards, and a sect known as Brōkpa. 1948 D. Diringer Alphabet iv. 300 Nowadays, the educated Baltis employ mainly the Persian-Arabic alphabet. 1989 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 237/1 The Balti have spread farther down the Indus Valley and have adopted Islām. 2000 Omaha (Nebraska) World-Herald (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Living) 45 Originally Buddhist, the Baltis converted to Islam during the Mogul insurgence around 1580. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.²1982adj.n.¹1845
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baltin.2

Compounds

Baltiadj.n.1

baltin.²

Baltiadj.n.¹