substantiallyadv.

Brit.

/səbˈstanʃəli/,

/səbˈstanʃl̩i/,

/səbˈstɑːnʃəli/,

/səbˈstɑːnʃl̩i/, U.S.

/ˌsəbˈstæn(t)ʃəli/

Forms: Middle English substanciali, Middle English substancialich, Middle English substanciallich, Middle English substancialych, Middle English substanciellye, Middle English substancyallye, Middle English substancyaly, Middle English substauncyaly, Middle English sustanciali, Middle English–1500s substanciallye, Middle English–1500s substancialy, Middle English–1500s substancyally, Middle English–1600s substancially, 1500s substancialie, 1500s substanciallie, 1500s substanciallye, 1500s substanckallye, 1500s substancyallie, 1500s substantialie, 1500s substantiallie, 1500s substantiallye, 1500s substantyallye, 1500s substauncially, 1500s substauncyally, 1500s substauntially, 1500s substencially, 1500s–1600s substantiallie, 1500s–1600s substantially, 1500s–1600s substantialy, 1500s– substantially.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: substantial adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < substantial adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin substantialiter essentially, as a substantial thing or being (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), Anglo-Norman substancialment as a substantial entity (c1200) and Middle French substantiellement essentially (1486).With the Middle English form sustanciali compare Old French sustancial (see substantial adj.).

a. In substance; in one's substantial nature or existence; as a substantial thing or being. Hence: physically, corporeally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > [adverb]

in (the) bodyc1175

substantiallya1398

materiallyc1443

in substance1649

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xi. i. 566 Eire is a symple element, substancialych [L. substantialiter] moyst and hoot.

a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 107 (MED) Seynte Martyn mantel come neuer on Crystes owne body substancyaly, for no nede þat he had þerto to kepe him fro colde.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 2841 Ye al thre, In personys distynct substancially, Arn but oo god in trinite.

c1450 (?c1400) tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium (1909) 3 Where dwelliþ god?.. Þouȝ he be ouer al wiþ his myght, he is substancialy in þe vndirstonding heuene.

1545 J. Bale Mysterye Inyquyte P. Pantolabus f. 49^v To proue Christ reallye and substanciallye present in their sacrament.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iv. x. sig. Nnn.iij/2 [The soule] doeth not die with the bodie..because it liueth substantiallie.

1635 T. Jackson Humiliation Sonne of God viii. i. 6 Being first made substantially man, that hee might be for a time essentially and formally a servant.

1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. 9 By actions modally evil, they generally understand such as are substantially good, yet have some modal accidental vitiositie.

1702 W. Coward Second Thoughts v. 110 The Notion of three Souls, so substantially United to the Body.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. i. i. 19 That which discerns is numerically and substantially distinct from that which is discerned.

1798 Monthly Mirror May 301 That Shakspere designed his ghost to be substantially represented there can be no question.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. viii. 209 You have the said Willie corporally and substantially in presence before you.

1881 J. Hill in Metal World No. 22. 342 Saturated steam..is substantially a perfect gas.

1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 172 There, at any rate, he also was, with his bitten nails and his shoes with no right and left, substantially before me.

1933 A. S. Eddington Expanding Universe iv. 158 In the days when the electron was conceived more substantially than it is now.

1999 Irish Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. 17 In the sacrament of the Eucharist, Christ becomes truly, really, and substantially present.

b. In essence; essentially, intrinsically.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adverb]

subjectively?a1450

subjectlyc1475

interiouslya1513

habitually1597

substantively1598

inhesivelyc1600

inherently1601

intrinsically1602

interiorly1633

substantially1642

immanently1657

specificallya1676

internally1819

inwardly1884

1642 T. Matthew tr. St. Teresa of Avila Flaming Hart xxxx. 639 I now remained also, with a very great desire, neuer to speake at all, but of things, which were substantially true.

a1688 R. Cudworth Treat. Eternal & Immutable Morality (1731) ii. v. 65 Tho' this Old Atomical Philosophy be most solidly and substantially true.

1779 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XI. 137 When he said he had accused himself, he meant, that he had substantially done so..because it was that species of proof that no man could controvert.

1793 J. Wilde Addr. Soc. Friends of People 403 The letter to the King is long, but it is still more important. I shall mention, abridgedly but substantially, what it contained.

1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 48 An..exaggerated representation of what was substantially important truth.

1888 ‘Bernard’ From World to Cloister i. 5 I believe..that the religious life is one..instituted by God, that is substantially in its three vows.

1922 N. Bridge Mental Therapeutics 157 She is dying—she is substantially dead; her breath has stopped and her pulse has nearly gone.

1954 W. K. Wimsatt Verbal Icon ii. 89 Without the unhappy implication that a great part of the world's best literature is substantially evil.

2009 J. M. Rziha Perfecting Human Actions i. 17 This allows Thomas [Aquinas] to say that something is substantially good by participation in the goodness of God.

†c. In reality; actually. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in fact, actually

in, of feata1400

in effectc1405

effectually1420

really?a1425

literallyc1429

(by) matter in deed1447

indeed1535

in fact1592

merely1596

de facto1602

essentially1604

in point of fact1628

upon1644

in point of event1650

effectively1652

in matter of fact1709

absolutelya1712

substantially1753

actually1762

positively1800

in actual fact1824

factually1852

as matter of fact1871

fair dinkum1891

dinkum1894

'smatter of fact1922

basically1927

1753 B. Holloway Let. & Spirit xliv. 357 Ev'ry Thing was transacted, adumbratively, in the old Testament, before it was done, substantially, in the New.

1805 A. Knox Remains (1834) I. 16 In no human being, surely, was every possible part of this picture so substantially realised.

1859 in Cases Court of Session 1859–60 254 Though the minister was formally pursuing, yet he was substantially defending an existing possession.

1865 Times 14 June 13/1 Adams was..really and substantially in the employ of the defendant.

2. In a sound or solid manner; on a solid or firm foundation; effectively, thoroughly, properly, soundly.

†a. Qualifying verbs. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly

welleOE

furtherlyc1175

through and through?1316

perfectlya1400

radically?a1425

roundly?a1425

substantiallya1425

perfectc1425

thoroughly1442

substantiallyc1449

throughlya1450

naitlyc1450

through1472

surely?a1475

cleanc1475

through stitch1573

fundamentally1587

down1616

perfectedly1692

minutely1796

homea1825

good1834

rotten1840

out1971

full on1979

a1425 (?a1400) Bk. Priue Counseling in P. Hodgson Cloud of Unknowing (1944) 141 (MED) Þe poynte of þi beholding is moste substancialy set in þe nakid siȝt.

c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 186 It is a grete..rychesse to a prynce..whan a town is substancially grounded in marchaundyse.

1505 Instr. Henry VII to Ambassadors in Facsimiles National MSS (1865) I. 101 Whiche picture and image they shall substancially note and marke in every poincte..soo that it agree in similtude and likenesse..to the veray visage countenance and semblance of the said Quene.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxlv. f. lxxvii^v Charlis hauynge thus the Rule & gouernaunce rulyd it well & substancially.

1574 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 155 Yt was substancyally provyd..that he had verye..dysceytfully..behauyd him selfe.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 26 To see that the moneys collected..be substantially and throughly bestowed in pikes.

c1610 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 335 They durst not yet take such a hazardous Course, till they might lay their Plots more substantially.

a1674 J. Milton Char. Long Parl. (1681) 9 To know..what good Laws are wanting, and how to frame them substantially.

1696 R. Barclay (title) Baptism and the Lord's Supper; substantially asserted.

1782 Polit. Mag. & Parl., Naval, Mil. & Lit. Jrnl. Nov. 657/1 It is the duty of these officers to make the contracts for the articles, and to see those contracts honestly and substantially performed.

1800 Monthly Mirror June 365 The house wore a respectable appearance; and, we sincerely hope, the purpose of the benefit was substantially answered.

1826 Rep. Norwich & Lowestoft Navigation Bill 228 in Parl. Papers IV. 383 I think works of this description ought to be well done, and substantially done.

b. Modifying adjectives and adverbs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [adverb]

wellOE

well-a-finec1330

tidily1340

substantiallyc1449

gradely1584

rumly1610

soa1616

respectably1619

bobbishly1813

ryebuck1895

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly

welleOE

furtherlyc1175

through and through?1316

perfectlya1400

radically?a1425

roundly?a1425

substantiallya1425

perfectc1425

thoroughly1442

substantiallyc1449

throughlya1450

naitlyc1450

through1472

surely?a1475

cleanc1475

through stitch1573

fundamentally1587

down1616

perfectedly1692

minutely1796

homea1825

good1834

rotten1840

out1971

full on1979

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 85 Substanciali leerned clerkis in logik.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance ix. f. 17^v Lawiars substancially lerned.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie 53 Surely hee were substantially well armed.

1616 J. Deacon Tobacco Tortured 4 They preserued from time to time, the vigour, as well of their minds as their bodies, substantially sound and liuely.

a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. in Wks. (1714) 67 Substantially Religious towards God.

1711 W. King et al. Vindic. Sacheverell 82 It seems he got substantially drunk.

1827 W. P. Scargill Truckleborough Hall III. 194 All the old-fashioned, substantially clever men of the past age are gone.

1890 R. G. Ingersoll in H. L. Traubel et al. In Re W. Whitman (1893) 276 The materialists look upon the spiritualists as substantially crazy.

1931 N. W. Sawyer Comedy of Manners iv. 77 The substantially intelligent classes were finding outlets in concerts..and novel-reading.

1990 E. Hooper Slim ix. 99 Also staying there was the minister's driver, who returned in the Mercedes at around one o'clock in the morning, substantially drunk.

2001 D. Koontz One Door Away from Heaven iii. 19 You ought to realize that running surveillance on a man as powerful as Congressman Sharmer is substantially stupid.

3. Fully, amply; to a great extent or degree; considerably, significantly, much.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > to a great extent, largely, or extensively

substantiallya1425

ample1481

amply1481

greatly1579

supernaculum1599

spaciously1608

extensively1736

largely1785

wholesalely1843

fatly1866

majorly1929

a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 107 (MED) Who-so cloþeþ a pore man..þei schul be rewardid as substancyaly þerfore as þei had done it to Cristes owne body.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Irelande i. 5/1 in Chron. I The Spanyardes substanciallye ayded by the Brytons, settled them selues.

1711 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation I. ii. ii. 228 That Conquest, by which Posterity was substantially better'd.

1786 New Ann. Reg. 1785 Brit. & Foreign Hist. 117/1 This balance [of the public accounts] would be considerably and substantially increased.

1842 G. Ensor Poor & their Relief i. iv. 45 Slave labour..is always costly in comparison to that of free men, whose wages are substantially less as their labour is greater.

1898 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 6 242 The attempt is made to prove that the decline in mortgage rates has not been substantially greater in Massachusetts than in neighboring states.

1935 A. C. Pigou Econ. in Pract. iv. 91 The general price level has fallen substantially from a former high point.

1973 Times 24 May 2/2 An SST programme to produce an aircraft substantially faster than Concorde or Tu 144.

2010 Countryfile Feb. 74/2 By reducing the amount of salt we eat, we can substantially reduce our risk of developing heart disease or stroke.

4. With reference to construction, manufacture, build, etc.: solidly, strongly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > [adverb] > safely or securely > so as to make secure

stronglyeOE

fasteOE

substantiallya1450

strengthlyc1600

a1450 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 366 (MED) Item, on euery side of the same qwere to be sett viij wyndowes, euery wyndowe of v dayes clanly and substancially wroght.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 19 To make..alle thing sewr that longith therto, and substancyally wrought to endure.

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 6 It ys a good Cite, And..substancially Edifyed.

1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 3 Worstedes..truely and substancially made and wrought.

1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 133 At euery fiftie paces there is a Well-head, fitted very substantially of free-stone.

1662 B. Gerbier Princ. Building 18 These are substantially, strongly, and curiosly made Casements.

1702 London Gaz. No. 3789/4 A Yacht..well, substantially, and lately built.

1796 Monthly Mag. Oct. 755/2 It appears that the works are in a very forward state, and that the parts which are completed are extremely well and substantially done.

1846 Guide Archit. Antiq. 76 The Register..being substantially bound in Russia.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 1/1 A..lathe..well and substantially made.

1927 Amer. Mercury July p. xix/2 (advt.) Ten volumes..substantially and beautifully bound in green buckram with gilt tops.

1983 Golf Mag. (Nexis) Apr. 92 For a man so substantially constructed, his walk is a tad toed-out and mincy.

2005 Earthmovers May 82/2 All appeared in first-class condition, whether you were looking for a one-ton micro-machine or a substantially built 7.5-tonner.

5. In all essential characters or features; in essentials, to all intents and purposes, in the main.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb] > for or in the most part

mosteOE

almostOE

mostwhata1200

generally1340

chiefly138.

mostc1390

chiefa1556

mostly1563

substantially1638

prevalently1709

feckly1768

mostlings1808

1638 A. Henderson Generall Demands Late Covenant 1 This late Covenant is substantially different from that which was subscribed by the King and his subjects.

1699 A. Brown Epil. Five Papers Lately past betwixt Dr. O. & Dr. E. 13 It may be observed how pretty Divertising it is..to see persons at such Variance, yet substantially agree in this Practice.

1762 M. Foster Rep. Proc. Comm. Oyer & Terminer ix. 329 A Wife or Servant joining with a Stranger in the same Murder may be charged in one Indictment, which could not be if their Offences were not substantially the Same.

1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 161 For aught I see, Your faith and mine substantially agree.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 287 It is..reasonable to believe that his narrative is substantially true.

1864 Notes & Queries (1864) 25 June 517/2 We cannot doubt that the work, was substantially written by Dr. Watson, although probably Mr. Place revised, corrected, and arranged it for publication.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xii. 240 It has maintained its own institutions..substantially unchanged from the very dawn of the historic period.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 41/1 The coating of paint remains substantially intact and of good appearance throughout the life of the house.

1969 J. T. Ellis Amer. Catholicism (new ed.) v. 245 The priest who, though like all other men experienced his moments of depression, was substantially happy and content in his vocation to the end of his life.

2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 17 Feb. iii. 4/1 He told the board..that the broadband network was substantially complete.

†6. With substantial or ample comfort. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [adverb]

richlyOE

richa1325

wealthfully?1529

wealthily1534

opulently1542

affluently1631

substantially1656

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso ii. xiv. 243 History is meat not only well seasoned..but substantially and magnificently served in to please the curious pallat.

1663 S. Pepys Diary 18 May (1971) IV. 142 By seeing how much better and more substantially I live then others do.

1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 21 They seemed..to live very comfortably, not to say substantially.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	substantially
释义	substantiallyadv. Brit. /səbˈstanʃəli/, /səbˈstanʃl̩i/, /səbˈstɑːnʃəli/, /səbˈstɑːnʃl̩i/, U.S. /ˌsəbˈstæn(t)ʃəli/ Forms: Middle English substanciali, Middle English substancialich, Middle English substanciallich, Middle English substancialych, Middle English substanciellye, Middle English substancyallye, Middle English substancyaly, Middle English substauncyaly, Middle English sustanciali, Middle English–1500s substanciallye, Middle English–1500s substancialy, Middle English–1500s substancyally, Middle English–1600s substancially, 1500s substancialie, 1500s substanciallie, 1500s substanciallye, 1500s substanckallye, 1500s substancyallie, 1500s substantialie, 1500s substantiallie, 1500s substantiallye, 1500s substantyallye, 1500s substauncially, 1500s substauncyally, 1500s substauntially, 1500s substencially, 1500s–1600s substantiallie, 1500s–1600s substantially, 1500s–1600s substantialy, 1500s– substantially. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: substantial adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < substantial adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin substantialiter essentially, as a substantial thing or being (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), Anglo-Norman substancialment as a substantial entity (c1200) and Middle French substantiellement essentially (1486).With the Middle English form sustanciali compare Old French sustancial (see substantial adj.). 1. a. In substance; in one's substantial nature or existence; as a substantial thing or being. Hence: physically, corporeally. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > [adverb] in (the) bodyc1175 substantiallya1398 materiallyc1443 in substance1649 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xi. i. 566 Eire is a symple element, substancialych [L. substantialiter] moyst and hoot. a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 107 (MED) Seynte Martyn mantel come neuer on Crystes owne body substancyaly, for no nede þat he had þerto to kepe him fro colde. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 2841 Ye al thre, In personys distynct substancially, Arn but oo god in trinite. c1450 (?c1400) tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium (1909) 3 Where dwelliþ god?.. Þouȝ he be ouer al wiþ his myght, he is substancialy in þe vndirstonding heuene. 1545 J. Bale Mysterye Inyquyte P. Pantolabus f. 49^v To proue Christ reallye and substanciallye present in their sacrament. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iv. x. sig. Nnn.iij/2 [The soule] doeth not die with the bodie..because it liueth substantiallie. 1635 T. Jackson Humiliation Sonne of God viii. i. 6 Being first made substantially man, that hee might be for a time essentially and formally a servant. 1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. 9 By actions modally evil, they generally understand such as are substantially good, yet have some modal accidental vitiositie. 1702 W. Coward Second Thoughts v. 110 The Notion of three Souls, so substantially United to the Body. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. i. i. 19 That which discerns is numerically and substantially distinct from that which is discerned. 1798 Monthly Mirror May 301 That Shakspere designed his ghost to be substantially represented there can be no question. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. viii. 209 You have the said Willie corporally and substantially in presence before you. 1881 J. Hill in Metal World No. 22. 342 Saturated steam..is substantially a perfect gas. 1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 172 There, at any rate, he also was, with his bitten nails and his shoes with no right and left, substantially before me. 1933 A. S. Eddington Expanding Universe iv. 158 In the days when the electron was conceived more substantially than it is now. 1999 Irish Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. 17 In the sacrament of the Eucharist, Christ becomes truly, really, and substantially present. b. In essence; essentially, intrinsically. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adverb] subjectively?a1450 subjectlyc1475 interiouslya1513 habitually1597 substantively1598 inhesivelyc1600 inherently1601 intrinsically1602 interiorly1633 substantially1642 immanently1657 specificallya1676 internally1819 inwardly1884 1642 T. Matthew tr. St. Teresa of Avila Flaming Hart xxxx. 639 I now remained also, with a very great desire, neuer to speake at all, but of things, which were substantially true. a1688 R. Cudworth Treat. Eternal & Immutable Morality (1731) ii. v. 65 Tho' this Old Atomical Philosophy be most solidly and substantially true. 1779 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XI. 137 When he said he had accused himself, he meant, that he had substantially done so..because it was that species of proof that no man could controvert. 1793 J. Wilde Addr. Soc. Friends of People 403 The letter to the King is long, but it is still more important. I shall mention, abridgedly but substantially, what it contained. 1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 48 An..exaggerated representation of what was substantially important truth. 1888 ‘Bernard’ From World to Cloister i. 5 I believe..that the religious life is one..instituted by God, that is substantially in its three vows. 1922 N. Bridge Mental Therapeutics 157 She is dying—she is substantially dead; her breath has stopped and her pulse has nearly gone. 1954 W. K. Wimsatt Verbal Icon ii. 89 Without the unhappy implication that a great part of the world's best literature is substantially evil. 2009 J. M. Rziha Perfecting Human Actions i. 17 This allows Thomas [Aquinas] to say that something is substantially good by participation in the goodness of God. †c. In reality; actually. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in fact, actually in, of feata1400 in effectc1405 effectually1420 really?a1425 literallyc1429 (by) matter in deed1447 indeed1535 in fact1592 merely1596 de facto1602 essentially1604 in point of fact1628 upon1644 in point of event1650 effectively1652 in matter of fact1709 absolutelya1712 substantially1753 actually1762 positively1800 in actual fact1824 factually1852 as matter of fact1871 fair dinkum1891 dinkum1894 'smatter of fact1922 basically1927 1753 B. Holloway Let. & Spirit xliv. 357 Ev'ry Thing was transacted, adumbratively, in the old Testament, before it was done, substantially, in the New. 1805 A. Knox Remains (1834) I. 16 In no human being, surely, was every possible part of this picture so substantially realised. 1859 in Cases Court of Session 1859–60 254 Though the minister was formally pursuing, yet he was substantially defending an existing possession. 1865 Times 14 June 13/1 Adams was..really and substantially in the employ of the defendant. 2. In a sound or solid manner; on a solid or firm foundation; effectively, thoroughly, properly, soundly. †a. Qualifying verbs. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly welleOE furtherlyc1175 through and through?1316 perfectlya1400 radically?a1425 roundly?a1425 substantiallya1425 perfectc1425 thoroughly1442 substantiallyc1449 throughlya1450 naitlyc1450 through1472 surely?a1475 cleanc1475 through stitch1573 fundamentally1587 down1616 perfectedly1692 minutely1796 homea1825 good1834 rotten1840 out1971 full on1979 a1425 (?a1400) Bk. Priue Counseling in P. Hodgson Cloud of Unknowing (1944) 141 (MED) Þe poynte of þi beholding is moste substancialy set in þe nakid siȝt. c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 186 It is a grete..rychesse to a prynce..whan a town is substancially grounded in marchaundyse. 1505 Instr. Henry VII to Ambassadors in Facsimiles National MSS (1865) I. 101 Whiche picture and image they shall substancially note and marke in every poincte..soo that it agree in similtude and likenesse..to the veray visage countenance and semblance of the said Quene. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxlv. f. lxxvii^v Charlis hauynge thus the Rule & gouernaunce rulyd it well & substancially. 1574 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 155 Yt was substancyally provyd..that he had verye..dysceytfully..behauyd him selfe. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 26 To see that the moneys collected..be substantially and throughly bestowed in pikes. c1610 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 335 They durst not yet take such a hazardous Course, till they might lay their Plots more substantially. a1674 J. Milton Char. Long Parl. (1681) 9 To know..what good Laws are wanting, and how to frame them substantially. 1696 R. Barclay (title) Baptism and the Lord's Supper; substantially asserted. 1782 Polit. Mag. & Parl., Naval, Mil. & Lit. Jrnl. Nov. 657/1 It is the duty of these officers to make the contracts for the articles, and to see those contracts honestly and substantially performed. 1800 Monthly Mirror June 365 The house wore a respectable appearance; and, we sincerely hope, the purpose of the benefit was substantially answered. 1826 Rep. Norwich & Lowestoft Navigation Bill 228 in Parl. Papers IV. 383 I think works of this description ought to be well done, and substantially done. b. Modifying adjectives and adverbs. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [adverb] wellOE well-a-finec1330 tidily1340 substantiallyc1449 gradely1584 rumly1610 soa1616 respectably1619 bobbishly1813 ryebuck1895 the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly welleOE furtherlyc1175 through and through?1316 perfectlya1400 radically?a1425 roundly?a1425 substantiallya1425 perfectc1425 thoroughly1442 substantiallyc1449 throughlya1450 naitlyc1450 through1472 surely?a1475 cleanc1475 through stitch1573 fundamentally1587 down1616 perfectedly1692 minutely1796 homea1825 good1834 rotten1840 out1971 full on1979 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 85 Substanciali leerned clerkis in logik. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance ix. f. 17^v Lawiars substancially lerned. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie 53 Surely hee were substantially well armed. 1616 J. Deacon Tobacco Tortured 4 They preserued from time to time, the vigour, as well of their minds as their bodies, substantially sound and liuely. a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. in Wks. (1714) 67 Substantially Religious towards God. 1711 W. King et al. Vindic. Sacheverell 82 It seems he got substantially drunk. 1827 W. P. Scargill Truckleborough Hall III. 194 All the old-fashioned, substantially clever men of the past age are gone. 1890 R. G. Ingersoll in H. L. Traubel et al. In Re W. Whitman (1893) 276 The materialists look upon the spiritualists as substantially crazy. 1931 N. W. Sawyer Comedy of Manners iv. 77 The substantially intelligent classes were finding outlets in concerts..and novel-reading. 1990 E. Hooper Slim ix. 99 Also staying there was the minister's driver, who returned in the Mercedes at around one o'clock in the morning, substantially drunk. 2001 D. Koontz One Door Away from Heaven iii. 19 You ought to realize that running surveillance on a man as powerful as Congressman Sharmer is substantially stupid. 3. Fully, amply; to a great extent or degree; considerably, significantly, much. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > to a great extent, largely, or extensively substantiallya1425 ample1481 amply1481 greatly1579 supernaculum1599 spaciously1608 extensively1736 largely1785 wholesalely1843 fatly1866 majorly1929 a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 107 (MED) Who-so cloþeþ a pore man..þei schul be rewardid as substancyaly þerfore as þei had done it to Cristes owne body. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Irelande i. 5/1 in Chron. I The Spanyardes substanciallye ayded by the Brytons, settled them selues. 1711 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation I. ii. ii. 228 That Conquest, by which Posterity was substantially better'd. 1786 New Ann. Reg. 1785 Brit. & Foreign Hist. 117/1 This balance [of the public accounts] would be considerably and substantially increased. 1842 G. Ensor Poor & their Relief i. iv. 45 Slave labour..is always costly in comparison to that of free men, whose wages are substantially less as their labour is greater. 1898 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 6 242 The attempt is made to prove that the decline in mortgage rates has not been substantially greater in Massachusetts than in neighboring states. 1935 A. C. Pigou Econ. in Pract. iv. 91 The general price level has fallen substantially from a former high point. 1973 Times 24 May 2/2 An SST programme to produce an aircraft substantially faster than Concorde or Tu 144. 2010 Countryfile Feb. 74/2 By reducing the amount of salt we eat, we can substantially reduce our risk of developing heart disease or stroke. 4. With reference to construction, manufacture, build, etc.: solidly, strongly. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > [adverb] > safely or securely > so as to make secure stronglyeOE fasteOE substantiallya1450 strengthlyc1600 a1450 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 366 (MED) Item, on euery side of the same qwere to be sett viij wyndowes, euery wyndowe of v dayes clanly and substancially wroght. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 19 To make..alle thing sewr that longith therto, and substancyally wrought to endure. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 6 It ys a good Cite, And..substancially Edifyed. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 3 Worstedes..truely and substancially made and wrought. 1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 133 At euery fiftie paces there is a Well-head, fitted very substantially of free-stone. 1662 B. Gerbier Princ. Building 18 These are substantially, strongly, and curiosly made Casements. 1702 London Gaz. No. 3789/4 A Yacht..well, substantially, and lately built. 1796 Monthly Mag. Oct. 755/2 It appears that the works are in a very forward state, and that the parts which are completed are extremely well and substantially done. 1846 Guide Archit. Antiq. 76 The Register..being substantially bound in Russia. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 1/1 A..lathe..well and substantially made. 1927 Amer. Mercury July p. xix/2 (advt.) Ten volumes..substantially and beautifully bound in green buckram with gilt tops. 1983 Golf Mag. (Nexis) Apr. 92 For a man so substantially constructed, his walk is a tad toed-out and mincy. 2005 Earthmovers May 82/2 All appeared in first-class condition, whether you were looking for a one-ton micro-machine or a substantially built 7.5-tonner. 5. In all essential characters or features; in essentials, to all intents and purposes, in the main. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb] > for or in the most part mosteOE almostOE mostwhata1200 generally1340 chiefly138. mostc1390 chiefa1556 mostly1563 substantially1638 prevalently1709 feckly1768 mostlings1808 1638 A. Henderson Generall Demands Late Covenant 1 This late Covenant is substantially different from that which was subscribed by the King and his subjects. 1699 A. Brown Epil. Five Papers Lately past betwixt Dr. O. & Dr. E. 13 It may be observed how pretty Divertising it is..to see persons at such Variance, yet substantially agree in this Practice. 1762 M. Foster Rep. Proc. Comm. Oyer & Terminer ix. 329 A Wife or Servant joining with a Stranger in the same Murder may be charged in one Indictment, which could not be if their Offences were not substantially the Same. 1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 161 For aught I see, Your faith and mine substantially agree. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 287 It is..reasonable to believe that his narrative is substantially true. 1864 Notes & Queries (1864) 25 June 517/2 We cannot doubt that the work, was substantially written by Dr. Watson, although probably Mr. Place revised, corrected, and arranged it for publication. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xii. 240 It has maintained its own institutions..substantially unchanged from the very dawn of the historic period. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 41/1 The coating of paint remains substantially intact and of good appearance throughout the life of the house. 1969 J. T. Ellis Amer. Catholicism (new ed.) v. 245 The priest who, though like all other men experienced his moments of depression, was substantially happy and content in his vocation to the end of his life. 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 17 Feb. iii. 4/1 He told the board..that the broadband network was substantially complete. †6. With substantial or ample comfort. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [adverb] richlyOE richa1325 wealthfully?1529 wealthily1534 opulently1542 affluently1631 substantially1656 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso ii. xiv. 243 History is meat not only well seasoned..but substantially and magnificently served in to please the curious pallat. 1663 S. Pepys Diary 18 May (1971) IV. 142 By seeing how much better and more substantially I live then others do. 1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 21 They seemed..to live very comfortably, not to say substantially. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.a1398
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