supervisorn.

Brit.

/ˈsuːpəvʌɪzə/, U.S.

/ˈsupərˌvaɪzər/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s supervysor, late Middle English 1600s supervysour, late Middle English–1600s supervisour, late Middle English– supervisor, 1500s superuisour, 1500s superuysour, 1500s supervosor (perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1600s superuisor.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin supervisor.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin supervisor superintendent, overseer, surveyor (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), person appointed by the testator to supervise the executors of a will (from 14th cent. in British sources) < supervis- , past participial stem of supervidere supervise v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman surveor surveyor n. and also (apparently < English) Middle French, French superviseur overseer in the shipyard at Rouen (1596; subsequently in 20th cent. in sense ‘(film) editor’). Compare supervide v., supervision n., and later supervise v. Compare earlier overseer n. and surveyor n.

a. A person who has charge of or responsibility for a business, institution, department, etc.; an overseer; a person who directs or oversees a task or activity.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer

overseera1382

warden1398

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

seer1498

supravisor1573

superviser1616

curator1632

curate1648

overvisor1653

surviewer1783

major-domo1835

boss boy1906

monitor1922

incharge1956

c1454 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 326 William churche, supervisor of þe werks of þe sayd scollis.

?1464 J. Russe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 282 The seyd Chapman is of no reputacion..and be coloure of hise office of supervisor of the serche shal gretly hurte the port.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 52 Him hee settes not as a suruayour and ouerseer of his mannors, but a superuisour of his childrens conditions and manners.

?1609 J. Healey tr. Bp. J. Hall Discouery New World i. vi. 20 There doe sit daily..4 Alderguts selected, and properly instiled of that office Superuisors of the Paunshery.

1667 in J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales (1670) 38 A Supervisor of the Mills and Works.

1743 C. Leadbetter Royal Gauger (new ed.) ii. xviii. 348 The Supervisor is to try the Dimensions of all Casks and Utensils by re-gauging them.

1771 E. Burke Let. 31 July in Corr. (1844) I. 255 Mr. Vansittart, and Mr. Ford, and Scraften, were the only supervisors for the company on board the unfortunate Aurora.

1841 R. R. Madden Egypt & M. Ali (ed. 2) ix. 77 An extensive system of education, presided over by a minister of public instruction, and administered by a council of inspectors and supervisors.

1883 W. S. Kent in A. J. Adderley Fisheries Bahamas 50 Mr. Gregor Buccich, a telegraph supervisor, in the island of Lesina, in Dalmatia.

1935 Ann. Rep. Secretary of Interior (U.S. Dept. of Interior) 370 Give them the first-aid course, with the Bureau of Mines safety man as supervisor.

1958 Public Admin. Rev. 18 174/1 The concept is most applicable at the level of the worker, the supervisor just above him, or the manager above him.

2006 T. Anderson Riding Magic Carpet (2008) vii. 284 A jobsworth check-in supervisor..told me there was a charge for the surfboard.

b. A person appointed by the testator to supervise the executors of a will; = overseer n. 1b. historical after 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > one who assists or supervises

overseer1402

surveyor1420

survisor1449

supervisor1456

oversman1540

overman1557

superviser1616

1456 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 133 The said bille to be put up to the Kyng, whiche is chief supervisor of my said lordis testament.

1496 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 340 I make John Fitziames the yonger supervysour and I bequethe to him for his laboure 10 s.

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. cij Other famous and godly men (as superuisours of his testamente).

a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. I4 For the performance of my will, I leaue the whole Senate as superuisors.

1651 I. Walton Life of Wotton in H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) sig. e^v I do pray the foresaid D^r. Bargrave, and M^r. Nicholas Pey, together with M^r. John Harrison..to be Supervisors of this my last Will and Testament.

1672 T. Manley Νομοθετης: Cowell's Interpreter sig. Rrr2b It was anciently, and still is a Custom among some, especially of the better sort, to make a Supervisor of a Will, but it is to little purpose.

1750 A. Collins Suppl. Peerage Eng. I. 170 He bequeaths several Legacies to his Servants, and constitutes Supervisor of his Will the Abbot of Combe.

1785 E. Hilliard Sheppard's Touch-stone Common Assurances xxiii. 442 If a man..say..I will that I. S. shall be surveyor, or supervisor of my will;..I. S. is not made executor with A. and B.

1812 W. Richards Hist. Lynn I. iii. vi. 500 The said testator also left a horse of 10l. value to the duke of Exeter, to be supervisor of his will.

1874 O. Field Geneal. Sketch Family of Field 6 The latter was a supervisor of the will of Thomas Feilde, who died in 1572–3.

1905 G. E. Phillips Extinction of Anc. Hierarchy ix. 142 Oglethorpe imagined to secure the execution of his wishes by naming one of his brother-deprived Bishops supervisor of his will.

1995 M. Spufford World of Rural Dissenters ii. 127 One of the supervisors of the will was John Zemand, whom I take to be the man who later emerged as a suspect Lollard, John Semand.

c. A person who oversees the work or conduct of another or others; (now) esp. a person directly in charge of an employee or workforce; (sometimes) a person's immediate manager.In quot. 1774: spec. = supervisor of (the) excise n. at Phrases.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fi And here I make the vpon lyberte To be superuysour.

1590 L. Lodowick Consent of Time iii. iv. 177 Hee..appointed ouer them certaine Magistrates of the Grecians called Nomarchas, and ouer them two Superuisors called Episcopi.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxi. 212 Bishop Andrews ever placed the picture of Mulcaster his Schoolmaster over the doore of his study..as to be his Tutour and Supervisour.

1681 R. Griffith A-la-mode Phlebotomy No Good Fashion To Rdr. sig. A8^v A good Man may do well for the Sake of Virtue alone, and though he should have no Supervisor at all to oversee him in his Actions.

1774 Instr. Officers Duties on Glass (new ed.) 16 You are to reside at such Place in your Division or Ride, as your Collector and Supervisor approve of.

1820 R. Bisset Hist. Reign George III (ed. 2) II. xi. 62 The company were themselves preparing to send out supervisors, to direct and reform their servants.

1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. ii. 58 The leading dockyard men at the present time share the earnings of their gang, and yet they are the supervisors of their gang.

1942 Third Rep. Sel. Comm. Nat. Expend. (H.C. 19) iii. 13 in Parl. Papers 1942–3 III. 331 A specialised adviser to the management, supervisors and foremen on all questions affecting relations between the workers and the management.

1968 Guardian 10 Sept. 8/5 Participation begins when employees at all levels feel that their own supervisors enlist their help.

2005 H. Mantel Beyond Black iii. 52 Her telephone manner..was more appropriate, her supervisor noted in her annual review, for someone selling timeshare.

(a) An official appointed to inspect and maintain the highways of a particular place. Cf. surveyor of highways at surveyor n. 1b, road supervisor n. at road n. Compounds 3. Now historical (chiefly U.S. in later use).figurative in quot. 1735.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > builders or maintainers of roads > inspector

supervisor1555

1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & M. c. 8 §1 Yf the Cariages..shall not be thought nedefull by the Supervisors to bee occupyed upon any of the said days.

1690 in Oxf. Council Acts 1666–1701 (1939) 218 The supervisors of the mileway eastwards..are sued..for not repairing Headington Hill.

1735 London Mag. Apr. 212/2 For that great supervisor will all roads repair.

1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. (at cited word) Supervisor formerly was used for surveyor of the highways.

1839 Public & Gen. Statute Laws Illinois 606 Give information to the Grand Jury of the state of the roads in his neighborhood and of all and every neglect or omission on the part of the supervisors.

1881 Digest Laws Florida 898 All public roads shall be at least twenty feet wide, and the supervisor of the road shall have authority to appropriate any stone, wood or other material..to the building and repair of the same.

1921 Senate Jrnl. 17th Legislature Washington 156 Whenever it is necessary to secure any lands for a right of way for a state highway..the supervisor of highways is authorized to acquire such lands.

1965 E. G. Love Situation in Flushing 188 George Packard went on to become the supervisor of roads in Flushing Township.

2005 D. Iredale & J. Barrett Discovering Local Hist. 164 From 1555 onwards the supervisor of highways required people to work a few days annually on the roads.

(b) U.S. A person in charge of maintaining a railway, or part of a railway; = roadmaster n. (b) at road n. Compounds 6. Also more fully track supervisor.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of track

roadmaster1813

supervisor1842

1842 Jrnl. Senate Commonw. Pennsylvania 3 8 By order of the Board, the Supervisor sold at public auction, all the old flatbar iron taken from the renewed portion of the track.

1898 Engin. Mag. 16 65 He is often assisted by..a master carpenter, master mason, and track-supervisors, the latter having charge of the track on a sub-division of the line.

1915 Compiled Laws, 1914, Florida II. 1790 It shall be the duty of each supervisor or roadmaster of each railroad or division of railroad..to keep a book in which reports of stock killed or injured..shall be set down.

1999 J. Welsh et al. Amer. Railroad 157/3 Two or more adjacent sections were managed by a track supervisor, or roadmaster, who reported to the division engineer.

†e. A keeper, a curator. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian

herd971

wardena1290

keepera1300

yemerc1330

looker1340

tutor1377

actorc1384

conservator1447

custosc1450

guardian1477

custodier?c1500

custode1543

guardant1592

custodian1602

supervisor1691

vigilant1822

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 431 Cosmo the great Duke of Tuscany..made him Supervisor of his Medals.

1693 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin New Hist. Eccl. Writers (ed. 2) I. 36 Demetrius was never in any credit with Ptolomy Philadelphus, and consequently,..he was not Supervisor of his Library.

f. U.S. In some jurisdictions: an elected officer, or a member of a board of such officers, having various responsibilities for the administration of a town, township, or county. Cf. selectman n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > of township in parts of U.S.

titheman1639

tithingman1639

supervisor1792

township trustee1817

1792 Laws State N.-Y. I. x. xv. 326 The supervisors of each respective county, for the time being, or the major part of them, shall yearly meet together for that purpose.

1845 Sandusky (Ohio) Clarion 8 Mar. Unlike our supervisors in Ohio, the supervisor in New York is the principal office of the town, corresponding to our township.

1882 A. Shaw in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 491 The supervisor is both a town and a county officer. He is general manager of town business, and is also a member of the County Board, which is composed of the supervisors of the several towns.

1914 H. C. Chappell & K. J. Chappell Hist. Buchanan County, Iowa II. 432 He served as supervisor of his county for eight years.

1974 F. Levy et al. Urban Outcomes ii. 105 The supervisors were angry..when the cities took the position..that the park district should incorporate with the county.

1991 J. D. Hunter Culture Wars xi. 273 The race for county supervisor of Albemarle County, Virginia, or for mayor of Sioux City, Iowa, or for any other local or regional office may be completely immune to these forces.

g. A person who has charge of or responsibility for a child, vulnerable adult, etc., esp. temporarily.

ΚΠ

1848 C. Byington Let. 20 July in Message President U.S. to Congr. (1848) 503 Miss Lydia S. Hall, supervisor of the girls, &c., when out of school.

1870 51st Ann. Rep. N.Y. Inst. for Instr. Deaf & Dumb 1869 27 Mr. C. D. Little, who, as supervisor of the boys, had acquired much skill in the language of the deaf and dumb.

1934 N.Y. Times 22 Apr. xx. 11 It is important for institutions for cripples to employ a supervisor for leisure-time activities.

1958 C. Avery in W. M. Cruickshank Educ. Exceptional Children & Youth ix. 380 Investigation of out-of-class influences on behavior, personality, social maturity, and so forth, as affected by supervisors, hearing and non-hearing contacts.

1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 26 Apr. 10/5 Important clues from the boys' early years were: being judged aggressive or hyperactive by teachers or supervisors..and early violent behaviour as reported by the boys themselves.

2007 D. Thompson et al. S.A.F.E. Play Areas iii. 51 At least one supervisor needs to arrive at the playground before the children in order to make sure the area is safe.

h. Education (a) A person, typically a member of a university teaching staff, who directs and oversees the work of a postgraduate research student; (b) British (at the University of Cambridge) a person who gives tutorials to an undergraduate, a tutor.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > tutor

tutorc1610

superviser1616

pupil-mongera1661

college tutor1790

répétiteur1812

tute1895

supervisor1918

1918 Univ. Rec. (Univ. Chicago) July 244 The university [of Oxford] has instituted a new degree, that of Doctor of Philosophy... Supervisors..will be appointed whose duty it will be to direct and supervise his [sc. the graduate student's] work. The supervisor is not expected to give tuition.

1927 Granta 27 May 460/1 I went to a lecture, but after a quarter of an hour I found myself being carried out by a couple of porters. At 12 o'clock I went to my supervisor.

1962 Cambr. Univ. Reporter 13 Mar. 1089 Many Colleges find great difficulty in getting enough suitably qualified Supervisors.

1983 New Scientist 26 May 801/2 Ringspot disease of brassica crops. Supervisor Dr T. M. Jeves. Applicants should have or expect to obtain a first class..degree.

2003 H. Kragh in K. C. Knox & R. Noakes From Newton to Hawking ix. 402 Dirac had only a few Ph.D. students and was in general uninterested in acting as a supervisor.

2. A person who reads over a text, esp. for the purpose of correction; a reviser; an editor.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > critical revision of text > one who

supervisor1592

overseer1597

revisor1598

reviser1604

recognizer1608

reformeress1611

reviewer1611

new-modeller1649

reformer1656

diaskeuast1822

recensor1827

recensionist1849

rewriter1854

1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. H3 Insomuch as the principall scope of it is a most liuelie anatomie of sinne, the diuell is made speciall superuisor of it.

1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. vi. 101 The Superuisors..of the Canon Law,..acknowledge, that..this sentence is not found.

1654 H. Hammond Reply Catholick Gentlemans Answer to Bk. Schisme 36 Either he, or some Supervisor for him, put in..a marginal note.

1712 T. Brett Doctr. Remission of Sins 29 He had not only the greatest Hand in compiling the Liturgy, but was indeed the main Corrector and Supervisor of the whole Book.

1732 R. Bentley in J. Milton Paradise Lost Pref. sig. a iij That Edition is without Faults; because He [sc. Milton]..had chang'd his old Printer and Supervisor.

1808 W. Wilson Hist. Dissenting Churches I. 44 Archbishop Bancroft, who was supervisor of the present translation, altered it in fourteen places.

1881 New Test.: Revised Version Pref. p. vii These supervisors [of the 1611 version] are said by one authority to have been six in number, and by another twelve.

1903 Acad. & Lit. 28 Feb. 196/1 He..is one of the supervisors of the edition of Poe's Works which came out in 1895.

1996 D. Bevington in J. Lyly Endymion p. ix Eugene Waith has been enormously helpful, as my fellow general editor of the Revels series and as supervisor of this present edition.

†3. An onlooker; a spectator, an observer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator

showerOE

beholderc1374

lookera1382

espiouressc1430

considererc1449

overseerc1450

regarder1525

surveyor1558

viewer1565

spectatora1586

regardant1590

aspector1603

supervisor1610

eyer1611

spectatrix1611

spectatress1632

speculator1647

contemplator1658

attender1665

espier1860

1610 Histrio-mastix ii. 234 These admirable wits of Italy..Are curious supervisours over strangers.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 400 Would you, the superuisor grossely gape on, Behold her topt?

4. Computing. A computer program (such as the kernel of an operating system) that controls the execution of other programs and the allocation of system resources.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > operating systems software

supervisor1956

system program1956

software1958

system1958

systems program1960

operating system1961

monitor1962

system software1962

open system1981

1956 Proc. Western Joint Computer Conf. 21 (heading) An automatic supervisor for the IBM 702.

1962 Adv. Computers 3 97 If the supervisor has fallen behind in the buffer refilling activity and the next record is not yet available, the program is put in the not ready state.

1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing ix. 128 The supervisor program belongs to what are called the system programs of a computer system.

1984 Austral. Personal Computer Feb. 9/2 To run more than one program in the same machine, you need a sophisticated supervisor.

2000 ‘Dr. K.’ Compl. Hacker's Handbk. viii. 122 The supervisor can control password ageing, forcing users to change their passwords every few weeks.

2011 Shiu-Kai Chin & S. B. Older Access Control, Security, & Trust xi. 234 For each user's virtual machine, the Supervisor provides a memory segment..that contains the capabilities that the user is authorized to use.

Phrases

supervisor of (the) excise n. (also with capital initials) British (now historical) an officer responsible for supervising the revenue collectors and other excise officers of a particular area.

ΚΠ

1689 London Gaz. No. 2428/4 Captain Robert Bathurst, Collector, and John Gilloway, Supervisor, of Excise.

1724 I. Watts Logick 52 A supervisor of the excise.

1750 C. Leadbetter Royal Gauger (ed. 3) ii. ix. 317 If they are afterwards removed, without a Permit signed by the proper Officer, or Supervisor of Excise,..the said Goods shall be forfeited.

1817 Ann. Reg. 1816 Chron. 3/1 Mr. Dumbreck, supervisor of excise, accompanied by several officers, discovered..an illicit distillery of great extent.

1916 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Aug. 303/1 Surgeon Probationer Gerald S. Freeman..was reported as missing... He was the only son of James M. Freeman, Supervisor of Excise.

2000 C. A. Whatley Sc. Society, 1707–1830 vii. 285 The steep increase in the excise on beer imposed in 1789 (which would explain why the supervisor of the excise was another object of the crowd's fury).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	supervisor
释义	supervisorn. Brit. /ˈsuːpəvʌɪzə/, U.S. /ˈsupərˌvaɪzər/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s supervysor, late Middle English 1600s supervysour, late Middle English–1600s supervisour, late Middle English– supervisor, 1500s superuisour, 1500s superuysour, 1500s supervosor (perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1600s superuisor. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin supervisor. Etymology: < post-classical Latin supervisor superintendent, overseer, surveyor (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), person appointed by the testator to supervise the executors of a will (from 14th cent. in British sources) < supervis- , past participial stem of supervidere supervise v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman surveor surveyor n. and also (apparently < English) Middle French, French superviseur overseer in the shipyard at Rouen (1596; subsequently in 20th cent. in sense ‘(film) editor’). Compare supervide v., supervision n., and later supervise v. Compare earlier overseer n. and surveyor n. 1. a. A person who has charge of or responsibility for a business, institution, department, etc.; an overseer; a person who directs or oversees a task or activity. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer overseera1382 warden1398 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 seer1498 supravisor1573 superviser1616 curator1632 curate1648 overvisor1653 surviewer1783 major-domo1835 boss boy1906 monitor1922 incharge1956 c1454 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 326 William churche, supervisor of þe werks of þe sayd scollis. ?1464 J. Russe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 282 The seyd Chapman is of no reputacion..and be coloure of hise office of supervisor of the serche shal gretly hurte the port. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 52 Him hee settes not as a suruayour and ouerseer of his mannors, but a superuisour of his childrens conditions and manners. ?1609 J. Healey tr. Bp. J. Hall Discouery New World i. vi. 20 There doe sit daily..4 Alderguts selected, and properly instiled of that office Superuisors of the Paunshery. 1667 in J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales (1670) 38 A Supervisor of the Mills and Works. 1743 C. Leadbetter Royal Gauger (new ed.) ii. xviii. 348 The Supervisor is to try the Dimensions of all Casks and Utensils by re-gauging them. 1771 E. Burke Let. 31 July in Corr. (1844) I. 255 Mr. Vansittart, and Mr. Ford, and Scraften, were the only supervisors for the company on board the unfortunate Aurora. 1841 R. R. Madden Egypt & M. Ali (ed. 2) ix. 77 An extensive system of education, presided over by a minister of public instruction, and administered by a council of inspectors and supervisors. 1883 W. S. Kent in A. J. Adderley Fisheries Bahamas 50 Mr. Gregor Buccich, a telegraph supervisor, in the island of Lesina, in Dalmatia. 1935 Ann. Rep. Secretary of Interior (U.S. Dept. of Interior) 370 Give them the first-aid course, with the Bureau of Mines safety man as supervisor. 1958 Public Admin. Rev. 18 174/1 The concept is most applicable at the level of the worker, the supervisor just above him, or the manager above him. 2006 T. Anderson Riding Magic Carpet (2008) vii. 284 A jobsworth check-in supervisor..told me there was a charge for the surfboard. b. A person appointed by the testator to supervise the executors of a will; = overseer n. 1b. historical after 18th cent. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > one who assists or supervises overseer1402 surveyor1420 survisor1449 supervisor1456 oversman1540 overman1557 superviser1616 1456 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 133 The said bille to be put up to the Kyng, whiche is chief supervisor of my said lordis testament. 1496 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 340 I make John Fitziames the yonger supervysour and I bequethe to him for his laboure 10 s. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. cij Other famous and godly men (as superuisours of his testamente). a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. I4 For the performance of my will, I leaue the whole Senate as superuisors. 1651 I. Walton Life of Wotton in H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) sig. e^v I do pray the foresaid D^r. Bargrave, and M^r. Nicholas Pey, together with M^r. John Harrison..to be Supervisors of this my last Will and Testament. 1672 T. Manley Νομοθετης: Cowell's Interpreter sig. Rrr2b It was anciently, and still is a Custom among some, especially of the better sort, to make a Supervisor of a Will, but it is to little purpose. 1750 A. Collins Suppl. Peerage Eng. I. 170 He bequeaths several Legacies to his Servants, and constitutes Supervisor of his Will the Abbot of Combe. 1785 E. Hilliard Sheppard's Touch-stone Common Assurances xxiii. 442 If a man..say..I will that I. S. shall be surveyor, or supervisor of my will;..I. S. is not made executor with A. and B. 1812 W. Richards Hist. Lynn I. iii. vi. 500 The said testator also left a horse of 10l. value to the duke of Exeter, to be supervisor of his will. 1874 O. Field Geneal. Sketch Family of Field 6 The latter was a supervisor of the will of Thomas Feilde, who died in 1572–3. 1905 G. E. Phillips Extinction of Anc. Hierarchy ix. 142 Oglethorpe imagined to secure the execution of his wishes by naming one of his brother-deprived Bishops supervisor of his will. 1995 M. Spufford World of Rural Dissenters ii. 127 One of the supervisors of the will was John Zemand, whom I take to be the man who later emerged as a suspect Lollard, John Semand. c. A person who oversees the work or conduct of another or others; (now) esp. a person directly in charge of an employee or workforce; (sometimes) a person's immediate manager.In quot. 1774: spec. = supervisor of (the) excise n. at Phrases. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fi And here I make the vpon lyberte To be superuysour. 1590 L. Lodowick Consent of Time iii. iv. 177 Hee..appointed ouer them certaine Magistrates of the Grecians called Nomarchas, and ouer them two Superuisors called Episcopi. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxi. 212 Bishop Andrews ever placed the picture of Mulcaster his Schoolmaster over the doore of his study..as to be his Tutour and Supervisour. 1681 R. Griffith A-la-mode Phlebotomy No Good Fashion To Rdr. sig. A8^v A good Man may do well for the Sake of Virtue alone, and though he should have no Supervisor at all to oversee him in his Actions. 1774 Instr. Officers Duties on Glass (new ed.) 16 You are to reside at such Place in your Division or Ride, as your Collector and Supervisor approve of. 1820 R. Bisset Hist. Reign George III (ed. 2) II. xi. 62 The company were themselves preparing to send out supervisors, to direct and reform their servants. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. ii. 58 The leading dockyard men at the present time share the earnings of their gang, and yet they are the supervisors of their gang. 1942 Third Rep. Sel. Comm. Nat. Expend. (H.C. 19) iii. 13 in Parl. Papers 1942–3 III. 331 A specialised adviser to the management, supervisors and foremen on all questions affecting relations between the workers and the management. 1968 Guardian 10 Sept. 8/5 Participation begins when employees at all levels feel that their own supervisors enlist their help. 2005 H. Mantel Beyond Black iii. 52 Her telephone manner..was more appropriate, her supervisor noted in her annual review, for someone selling timeshare. d. (a) An official appointed to inspect and maintain the highways of a particular place. Cf. surveyor of highways at surveyor n. 1b, road supervisor n. at road n. Compounds 3. Now historical (chiefly U.S. in later use).figurative in quot. 1735. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > builders or maintainers of roads > inspector supervisor1555 1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & M. c. 8 §1 Yf the Cariages..shall not be thought nedefull by the Supervisors to bee occupyed upon any of the said days. 1690 in Oxf. Council Acts 1666–1701 (1939) 218 The supervisors of the mileway eastwards..are sued..for not repairing Headington Hill. 1735 London Mag. Apr. 212/2 For that great supervisor will all roads repair. 1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. (at cited word) Supervisor formerly was used for surveyor of the highways. 1839 Public & Gen. Statute Laws Illinois 606 Give information to the Grand Jury of the state of the roads in his neighborhood and of all and every neglect or omission on the part of the supervisors. 1881 Digest Laws Florida 898 All public roads shall be at least twenty feet wide, and the supervisor of the road shall have authority to appropriate any stone, wood or other material..to the building and repair of the same. 1921 Senate Jrnl. 17th Legislature Washington 156 Whenever it is necessary to secure any lands for a right of way for a state highway..the supervisor of highways is authorized to acquire such lands. 1965 E. G. Love Situation in Flushing 188 George Packard went on to become the supervisor of roads in Flushing Township. 2005 D. Iredale & J. Barrett Discovering Local Hist. 164 From 1555 onwards the supervisor of highways required people to work a few days annually on the roads. (b) U.S. A person in charge of maintaining a railway, or part of a railway; = roadmaster n. (b) at road n. Compounds 6. Also more fully track supervisor. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of track roadmaster1813 supervisor1842 1842 Jrnl. Senate Commonw. Pennsylvania 3 8 By order of the Board, the Supervisor sold at public auction, all the old flatbar iron taken from the renewed portion of the track. 1898 Engin. Mag. 16 65 He is often assisted by..a master carpenter, master mason, and track-supervisors, the latter having charge of the track on a sub-division of the line. 1915 Compiled Laws, 1914, Florida II. 1790 It shall be the duty of each supervisor or roadmaster of each railroad or division of railroad..to keep a book in which reports of stock killed or injured..shall be set down. 1999 J. Welsh et al. Amer. Railroad 157/3 Two or more adjacent sections were managed by a track supervisor, or roadmaster, who reported to the division engineer. †e. A keeper, a curator. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian herd971 wardena1290 keepera1300 yemerc1330 looker1340 tutor1377 actorc1384 conservator1447 custosc1450 guardian1477 custodier?c1500 custode1543 guardant1592 custodian1602 supervisor1691 vigilant1822 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 431 Cosmo the great Duke of Tuscany..made him Supervisor of his Medals. 1693 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin New Hist. Eccl. Writers (ed. 2) I. 36 Demetrius was never in any credit with Ptolomy Philadelphus, and consequently,..he was not Supervisor of his Library. f. U.S. In some jurisdictions: an elected officer, or a member of a board of such officers, having various responsibilities for the administration of a town, township, or county. Cf. selectman n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > of township in parts of U.S. titheman1639 tithingman1639 supervisor1792 township trustee1817 1792 Laws State N.-Y. I. x. xv. 326 The supervisors of each respective county, for the time being, or the major part of them, shall yearly meet together for that purpose. 1845 Sandusky (Ohio) Clarion 8 Mar. Unlike our supervisors in Ohio, the supervisor in New York is the principal office of the town, corresponding to our township. 1882 A. Shaw in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 491 The supervisor is both a town and a county officer. He is general manager of town business, and is also a member of the County Board, which is composed of the supervisors of the several towns. 1914 H. C. Chappell & K. J. Chappell Hist. Buchanan County, Iowa II. 432 He served as supervisor of his county for eight years. 1974 F. Levy et al. Urban Outcomes ii. 105 The supervisors were angry..when the cities took the position..that the park district should incorporate with the county. 1991 J. D. Hunter Culture Wars xi. 273 The race for county supervisor of Albemarle County, Virginia, or for mayor of Sioux City, Iowa, or for any other local or regional office may be completely immune to these forces. g. A person who has charge of or responsibility for a child, vulnerable adult, etc., esp. temporarily. ΚΠ 1848 C. Byington Let. 20 July in Message President U.S. to Congr. (1848) 503 Miss Lydia S. Hall, supervisor of the girls, &c., when out of school. 1870 51st Ann. Rep. N.Y. Inst. for Instr. Deaf & Dumb 1869 27 Mr. C. D. Little, who, as supervisor of the boys, had acquired much skill in the language of the deaf and dumb. 1934 N.Y. Times 22 Apr. xx. 11 It is important for institutions for cripples to employ a supervisor for leisure-time activities. 1958 C. Avery in W. M. Cruickshank Educ. Exceptional Children & Youth ix. 380 Investigation of out-of-class influences on behavior, personality, social maturity, and so forth, as affected by supervisors, hearing and non-hearing contacts. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 26 Apr. 10/5 Important clues from the boys' early years were: being judged aggressive or hyperactive by teachers or supervisors..and early violent behaviour as reported by the boys themselves. 2007 D. Thompson et al. S.A.F.E. Play Areas iii. 51 At least one supervisor needs to arrive at the playground before the children in order to make sure the area is safe. h. Education (a) A person, typically a member of a university teaching staff, who directs and oversees the work of a postgraduate research student; (b) British (at the University of Cambridge) a person who gives tutorials to an undergraduate, a tutor. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > tutor tutorc1610 superviser1616 pupil-mongera1661 college tutor1790 répétiteur1812 tute1895 supervisor1918 1918 Univ. Rec. (Univ. Chicago) July 244 The university [of Oxford] has instituted a new degree, that of Doctor of Philosophy... Supervisors..will be appointed whose duty it will be to direct and supervise his [sc. the graduate student's] work. The supervisor is not expected to give tuition. 1927 Granta 27 May 460/1 I went to a lecture, but after a quarter of an hour I found myself being carried out by a couple of porters. At 12 o'clock I went to my supervisor. 1962 Cambr. Univ. Reporter 13 Mar. 1089 Many Colleges find great difficulty in getting enough suitably qualified Supervisors. 1983 New Scientist 26 May 801/2 Ringspot disease of brassica crops. Supervisor Dr T. M. Jeves. Applicants should have or expect to obtain a first class..degree. 2003 H. Kragh in K. C. Knox & R. Noakes From Newton to Hawking ix. 402 Dirac had only a few Ph.D. students and was in general uninterested in acting as a supervisor. 2. A person who reads over a text, esp. for the purpose of correction; a reviser; an editor. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > critical revision of text > one who supervisor1592 overseer1597 revisor1598 reviser1604 recognizer1608 reformeress1611 reviewer1611 new-modeller1649 reformer1656 diaskeuast1822 recensor1827 recensionist1849 rewriter1854 1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. H3 Insomuch as the principall scope of it is a most liuelie anatomie of sinne, the diuell is made speciall superuisor of it. 1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. vi. 101 The Superuisors..of the Canon Law,..acknowledge, that..this sentence is not found. 1654 H. Hammond Reply Catholick Gentlemans Answer to Bk. Schisme 36 Either he, or some Supervisor for him, put in..a marginal note. 1712 T. Brett Doctr. Remission of Sins 29 He had not only the greatest Hand in compiling the Liturgy, but was indeed the main Corrector and Supervisor of the whole Book. 1732 R. Bentley in J. Milton Paradise Lost Pref. sig. a iij That Edition is without Faults; because He [sc. Milton]..had chang'd his old Printer and Supervisor. 1808 W. Wilson Hist. Dissenting Churches I. 44 Archbishop Bancroft, who was supervisor of the present translation, altered it in fourteen places. 1881 New Test.: Revised Version Pref. p. vii These supervisors [of the 1611 version] are said by one authority to have been six in number, and by another twelve. 1903 Acad. & Lit. 28 Feb. 196/1 He..is one of the supervisors of the edition of Poe's Works which came out in 1895. 1996 D. Bevington in J. Lyly Endymion p. ix Eugene Waith has been enormously helpful, as my fellow general editor of the Revels series and as supervisor of this present edition. †3. An onlooker; a spectator, an observer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator showerOE beholderc1374 lookera1382 espiouressc1430 considererc1449 overseerc1450 regarder1525 surveyor1558 viewer1565 spectatora1586 regardant1590 aspector1603 supervisor1610 eyer1611 spectatrix1611 spectatress1632 speculator1647 contemplator1658 attender1665 espier1860 1610 Histrio-mastix ii. 234 These admirable wits of Italy..Are curious supervisours over strangers. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 400 Would you, the superuisor grossely gape on, Behold her topt? View more context for this quotation 4. Computing. A computer program (such as the kernel of an operating system) that controls the execution of other programs and the allocation of system resources. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > operating systems software supervisor1956 system program1956 software1958 system1958 systems program1960 operating system1961 monitor1962 system software1962 open system1981 1956 Proc. Western Joint Computer Conf. 21 (heading) An automatic supervisor for the IBM 702. 1962 Adv. Computers 3 97 If the supervisor has fallen behind in the buffer refilling activity and the next record is not yet available, the program is put in the not ready state. 1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing ix. 128 The supervisor program belongs to what are called the system programs of a computer system. 1984 Austral. Personal Computer Feb. 9/2 To run more than one program in the same machine, you need a sophisticated supervisor. 2000 ‘Dr. K.’ Compl. Hacker's Handbk. viii. 122 The supervisor can control password ageing, forcing users to change their passwords every few weeks. 2011 Shiu-Kai Chin & S. B. Older Access Control, Security, & Trust xi. 234 For each user's virtual machine, the Supervisor provides a memory segment..that contains the capabilities that the user is authorized to use. Phrases supervisor of (the) excise n. (also with capital initials) British (now historical) an officer responsible for supervising the revenue collectors and other excise officers of a particular area. ΚΠ 1689 London Gaz. No. 2428/4 Captain Robert Bathurst, Collector, and John Gilloway, Supervisor, of Excise. 1724 I. Watts Logick 52 A supervisor of the excise. 1750 C. Leadbetter Royal Gauger (ed. 3) ii. ix. 317 If they are afterwards removed, without a Permit signed by the proper Officer, or Supervisor of Excise,..the said Goods shall be forfeited. 1817 Ann. Reg. 1816 Chron. 3/1 Mr. Dumbreck, supervisor of excise, accompanied by several officers, discovered..an illicit distillery of great extent. 1916 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Aug. 303/1 Surgeon Probationer Gerald S. Freeman..was reported as missing... He was the only son of James M. Freeman, Supervisor of Excise. 2000 C. A. Whatley Sc. Society, 1707–1830 vii. 285 The steep increase in the excise on beer imposed in 1789 (which would explain why the supervisor of the excise was another object of the crowd's fury). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1454
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