supplementn.1
/ˈsʌplᵻm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈsəpləmənt/ 1.
a. gen. A thing (occasionally a person) added to make good a deficiency or as an enhancement; an addition or continuation to remedy or compensate for inadequacies. Usually with of, to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help
redeeOE
helpc893
bootOE
friendOE
lithc1275
helpera1300
a helping handa1300
helpingc1330
bieldc1352
succour?a1366
supplementc1384
easementa1398
succourer1442
aid?1473
assister1535
assistant?1541
adminicle1551
mystery1581
second1590
auxiliatory1599
subsidium1640
suffragan1644
facilitation1648
adminiculary1652
auxiliary1656
auxiliar1670
ally1794
Boy Scout1918
assist1954
facilitator1987
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark ii. 21 No man seweth a pacche [L. assumentum] of rude [gloss or newe] clothe to an old clothe, ellis he takith awey the newe supplement [gloss or pacche; L. supplementum], and a more brekynge is maad.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xxi. 500 But þey sterres haue liȝt of here owne, ȝit to perfeccioun of here liȝt þey fongiþ supplement [1495 de Worde supplyment; L. complementum] and help of þe sonne.
1544 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 764 The Lord Chauncelour..shall..admit and swere..Mr. Cox to be his Aulmoner,..and Mr. Cheke as a suppliment to Mr. Cox.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. viii. 144 Vnto the word of God..we do not add reason as a supplement of any maime or defect therin.
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxxvii. sig. Pv Minerva cur'd Vlysses of his wrinkles and baldnesse; not that she tooke them away by supplements.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 94 God would have afterwards raised other persons of Apostolical purity..to have made a Supplement to the former.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 250 Fording the River without such a Suppliment [as a bridge].
1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) i. 12 Instructive Satire,..Thou shining supplement of public laws!
1798 W. Lorimer (title) A Letter to the Corn Committee, on the Importation of Rough Rice, as a Supplement of Wheat Flour.
1856 J. Richardson Recoll. I. vi. 142 As supplements to this bowl, small cups, brimming with milk punch were placed upon the table.
1861 F. A. Paley Æschylus' Supplices (ed. 2) 154 (note) Hermann's supplement σᾶς completes the anapaestic verse.
1893 G. H. Pember Earth's Earliest Ages (ed. 7) 67 How wonderful a supplement may, in the World to Come, be added to our present scanty information.
1929 Times 30 July 13/2 Contrasting ‘dialogue films’, which, in imitation of the stage, depend principally on dialogue to tell their story, with ‘sound films’, which use sound as a supplement to silent technique.
1941 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 61/1 Sikorsky sees the helicopter as the natural supplement of the great expansion of commercial aviation which seems inevitable after the present war.
1992 A. J. McKenna Violence & Difference iii. 81 Nothing (but desire) takes place at the sacred center, which is why anything can take its place, hence the manner in which Rousseau describes taking Thérèse Lavasseur as his common-law wife: she is a supplement to ‘Maman’, Mme de Warens, who is herself a supplement to Rousseau's natural mother, who died at birth, who is herself a supplement to nature—unless nature is a supplement to her.
2010 Independent 11 May 49/2 You must pay the fees of two doctors to confirm the death, amounting together to £147. This iniquitous and unavoidable charge has been known as ‘ash cash’ to generations of junior doctors, who count on it as a useful supplement to their income.
b. A part added to complete or extend a literary work or any written account or document; spec. (a) a part of a periodical publication issued as an addition to the regular numbers and containing some special item or items; (b) an illustrated section issued with a newspaper, typically concerned with lifestyle, leisure, or culture. With of, to. Cf. supp n.Sunday supplement: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > appendix or supplement
supplement1523
appendix1549
appendant1570
appendage1651
addendum1664
Paralipomenon1666
annexture1756
excursus1803
society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > piece of writing at end > added as nonessential supplement
supplement1523
appendix1549
codicil1566
appendant1570
appendage1651
annexure1798
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > addition or appendix
supplement1523
appendix1549
referendary1581
supply1584
postscript1596
corollary1603
annexary1605
annexe1625
appendage1651
streamer1696
tack1705
taga1734
rider1813
pendant1837
overmatter1887
afterword1890
society > communication > journalism > journal > periodical > [noun] > supplement
Suppl.1702
supplement1887
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > supplement
suppeditation1578
supply1584
by-work1587
supplemental1643
sooterkin1668
Suppl.1702
parergon1724
supp1755
supplement1887
society > communication > journalism > journal > parts and layout of journals > [noun] > supplement or pull-out section
supp1755
takeout1940
supplement1950
pull-out1952
1523 J. Skelton Garlande of Laurell sig. A.viijv Counter wayng your besy delygence Of that we beganne in the supplement.
1566 J. Barthlet Pedegrewe Heretiques f. 20v The Popes angelical doctor, if the additions in the supplement of his third part be gathered out of his owne works.., teacheth: that Matrimonie is vncleane.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. i. 3 As Iames Philip of Bergamo sayth, in the suppliment of his Chronicles.
1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 44 The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement.
1650 J. Row (title) A Supplement of the Historie of the Kirk of Scotland.
1683 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 35 He died Sunday 21 Jan. (20 Jan., saith the suppliment to his will).
1696 Mrs. Ray in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 202 To speed the finishing and fitting my Supplement for the Presse.
1762 J. Parkhurst Hebrew & Eng. Lexicon Pref. p. v The Supplement, in which..both the simple and the pluriliteral words are placed together alphabetically.
1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 38 His work, to which my narration can be considered only as a slender supplement.
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man i. 5 In my ‘Elements or Manual of Elementary Geology’ and in the Supplement to the fifth edition of the same.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. App. 577 I accept his account..as a supplement, to the account in the Chronicles.
1887 5 Nov. (title) Special Literary Supplement to The Spectator.
1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 150 For the use of semicarbazide in the recognition of ketones and aldehydes, see Supplement, page 194.
1942 I. M. Cooper Bibliogr. on Educ. Broadcasting (1971) 203/2 Statistical summaries are given as published in The Educational Supplement of the London Times.
1950 Times 2 Mar. 6/5 Separate or detachable sections or supplements comprised wholly or mainly of strip cartoons.
1972 R. W. Burchfield (title) A supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary.
1974 J. Betjeman Nip in Air 9 The plumes of smoke..denote the death of last week's Sunday press, While this week's waits on many a step and sill Unopened, folded, supplements and all.
2007 Weekend Austral. (Brisbane) 27 Oct. 2/7 Fairfax Media's journalists have accused the company of ‘prostitution’ as they vented their fury at an advertising-driven wraparound supplement that ran with yesterday's edition of The Sydney Morning Herald.
c. Military. An additional force of soldiers; (inplural) reinforcements.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > reinforcing
stuffing1533
supplement1548
renforcing1566
reinforcing1606
reinforcement1609
re-enforcing1611
reincrew1627
enforcement1643
recruit1645
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements
succour?c1225
over-numbera1450
supplies1488
supplement1548
re-enforce1618
recrew1619
recruit1635
reinforcement1641
enforcement1643
reinforce1648
sustainer1708
re-enforcement1718
supporter1796
stiffening1900
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxvij Twoo .M.archers, and foure hundred speres, was sente into Gascoyne, as a suppliment to the countrey.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. x. 1121 The Pretors also, who required to have a supplement with them into Spain.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 421 Souldiers both of Horse and Foot were..drawn together..as a Supplement to the old exhausted Militia.
1797 G. Baker tr. Livy Hist. Rome VI. xlii. 51 As a supplement to the army in Spain, three thousand Roman foot, and two hundred horse [were assigned].
1841 R. Hussey Acct. Rom. Road from Allchester to Dorchester 26 The size of the camp at Allchester, compared with Hyginus' dimensions of a camp for three legions and their supplements, shews that it was not designed for a very large army.
1885 Army & Navy Mag. Dec. 561 As there are, exclusive of Goorkhas, 100 regiments in the Indian army, they would require a supplement of 207 companies.
1917 Business Digest 2 456/2 The second fighting force to be raised under the selective draft law as a supplement to the first army of 500,000 men.
1999 J. France Western Warfare in Age of Crusades xv. 220 The Turcopoles..were used simply as a supplement to the heavy cavalry.
2003 I. van Kessel in J. Abbink et al. Rethinking Resistance ii. vi. 148 The annual troop supplements shipped from the Netherlands were now to a large extent replaced by Africans.
d. An extra payment or charge; spec. (a) a sum of money paid to increase a person's income; (b) an additional charge payable for an extra service or facility, or during a particular period.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > payment over and above
overpayment1585
supererogation1604
supplement1832
1832 L. Goldsmith Stat. France 245 In addition to their ordinary pay, a supplement equal to one third of their earnings is laid by in reserve for them.
1883 in Rep. Comm. U.S. Senate Labor & Capital (1885) IV. 405 The poorer children, that are not able to go to school,..are charged a ‘supplement’.
1895 Cook's Tourists' Handbk. for Switzerland App. 2 During the Brussels Exhibition..all the Brussels hotels on our list will charge a supplement of 2 francs.
1923 Railway Gaz. 29 June 949/2 Some of the [Pullman] cars are available..without payment of supplement, where they replace restaurant cars.
1979 United States 1980–1 (Penguin Travel Guides) 35 The single traveler will have to pay a surcharge, called a ‘single supplement’.
1991 Which? Tax Saving Guide 43/2 You should give details here of your gross earnings before tax... Earnings include overtime, bonuses, commission,..cost of living supplement, [etc.].
2007 W. Dillinger Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in New EU Member States vi. 22 Municipalities with per capita revenues less than 90 percent of the national average receive a supplement to bring them up to the average.
e. A substance added to the diet to remedy a deficiency or to enhance (actually or supposedly) growth, health, or well-being. Frequently with distinguishing word specifying the nature of the substance.
ΚΠ
1891 Bull. Maryland Agric. Exper. Station Mar. 149 The pigs were..fed as much whole corn twice daily as they would eat up clean, and as a dietary supplement wheat bran was fed at midday.
1920 Work & Expenditures Agric. Exper. Stations 1918 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 40 Meat-meal tankage, next to milk and milk products, was the best for supplying a protein-mineral-vitamin supplement.
1934 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 May 810/1 Each child..received a vitamin supplement equal in vitamin A to more than one ounce of cod-liver oil daily.
1988 New Scientist 8 Oct. 58/1 In addition to protein and amino-acid supplements, he [sc. a bodybuilder] ate two dozen raw eggs a day.
1994 Health Naturally (Nobel, Ont.) Feb. 8/3 There are many nutritional supplements that have been reported to help control blood pressure naturally.
2009 New Yorker 27 Apr. 43/3 He took a stack of supplements that he thought helped his brain functioning: fish oils, five antioxidants, [etc.].
2.
a. The action of supplying what is lacking or of providing an enhancement; the making good of a deficiency or shortcoming.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > by supplying what is wanting
suppletiona1325
supplement1447
suppliancea1500
supply?a1513
supplying1570
supplementing1832
1447 in J. Raine Corr., Inventories, Acct. Rolls, & Law Proc. Priory of Coldingham (1841) 160 Moor over, in supplement of the forsaide soeme, it is my will and my brother afor reherside that yhe take the hendez of the arrerage.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cccxxxxv/1 The feeste of all the Sayntes was establysshed..Fyrste for the dedycacion of the Temple, secondly for supplement of offences done.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 415 Mayster Chaucer to Skelton... Your besy delygence Of that we [sc. Chaucer, Gower, and Lydgate] beganne in the supplement.
1549 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 273 xvj Albanoys horsmen, to him allotted for the suplement of his band.
1575 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1585. 261/1 Our said kirk..haveand neid and mister of beitment and supplement.
1591 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. IV. 611 Ane new gift of the saidis landis grantit with all dew solempniteis and with supplement of all faultis.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. M2v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) For better supplement of the learners knowledge.
1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr iii. 21 Councels submitted their Decrees to the Emperours for Authoritie, and supplement of defects.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 135 in Justice Vindicated Equity is..either a remission or moderation of the laws..or..a supplement of the law in cases wherein things in conscience ought to be done.
1734 D. Casley Catal. MS King's Libr. 249 These Printing Letters..together with what is for Supplement, may be computed to be above the Quantity of two hundred Weight of Letter.
1837 E. Greswell Diss. upon Princ. & Arrangem. Harmony Gospels (ed. 2) III. App. 321 The Gospels..all appear at least to be continuous accounts: where, then, are we to look for hiatuses in some, and where, consequently, are we to look for the supplement of them in others?
1888 Chinese Recorder May 221 For supplement, exposition [is] inserted in the text.
1906 B. P. Grenfell & A. S. Hunt in tr. Hibeh Papyri I. 302 For the supplement of the final lacuna cf. l. 17.
1912 A. C. Pigou Wealth & Welfare i. ii. 30 The high-wage countries and industries are generally..the countries and industries in which the wage-earning work from women and children in supplement of the family budget is the smallest.
1958 H. B. Hawthorne et al. Indians of Brit. Columbia xv. 212 Sometimes this represents a replacement or supplement of the traditional foods by modern store products.
1997 A. Meir As Nomadism Ends 158 Elders are eligible for supplement of income up to a certain proportion.
b. Scots Law (now historical). in supplement: as confirmation of otherwise inadmissible or inconclusive evidence ( oath in supplement: an oath of a party on his or her own behalf in such circumstances; cf. suppletory oath n. at suppletory adj. and n. Compounds). letters (or writ) of supplement: a writ issuing from the Court of Session to compel the appearance before an inferior court of a person who resides out of its jurisdiction.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [adverb]
in supplementc1600
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other types of writ
utrumc1290
quo warrantoa1325
writ of right closea1325
writ of oyer and terminer1414
writ of right1414
quare impedit?a1424
prohibition?1435
praecipec1440
supplicavita1450
replevy1451
ouster-le-main1485
praecipe in capitec1523
value1527
inhibition1532
rehabilitation1533
melius inquirendum1549
ne exeat regnum1559
quo minus1592
letters (or writ) of supplementc1600
inhibition1603
fair pleading1607
ingressu1607
ne exeat regno1607
account1622
associationa1625
ship-writ1640
cessavit1641
ne exeat1644
devastavit1651
right close1651
writ of second deliverance1652
fair pleader1655
beaupleader1700
proclamation writ1713
writ of inquiry1809
writ of intendence and respondence1881
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > types of oath
fore-oatha1000
decisory oath1593
voir dire1676
suppletory oatha1691
oath in supplement1838
c1600 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 325 The airis of tailzie may be callit and persewit in supplement.
1656 in J. A. Clyde Hope's Major Practicks (1937) I. 173 The lords in suplement of the seaseing admmitted this adminicle.
1671 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 544 That pretended instrument..is so defective..for..it is made at his dwelling-house; whereas..at the time of the date of the instrument he wes out of the country, and so it should have been done by letters of supplement.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iv. xlv. §17. 710 Whosoever is cited by a Messenger, to Compear and Depone by an Oath of Calumny, Verity or Supplement, if he do not Depone, he is holden as Confest.
1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. i. ii. §17 The pursuer must apply to the court of session..for letters of supplement..containing a warrant to cite the defender to appear before the judge of the territory where the controverted subject lies.
1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. (ed. 5) II. 66 (note) If the original creditor do not live within the jurisdiction in which the arrestee resides,..he must be summoned by a writ of supplement from the Court of Session.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 378 at Evidence The oath in supplement is admitted to supply deficiencies in legal evidence, where the party whose oath is allowed has brought what is called a semiplena probatio.
1893 Law Mag. & Law Rev. 4th Ser. 14 199 In Scotland, the decisory oath, as well as the oath in supplement, in litem, and of calumny, is still competent, though apparently not often administered.
1961 in Mod. Law Rev. 25 (1962) 613 Letters of supplement under the signet, followed by edictal intimation by a messenger-at-arms in the presence of a notary and witness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun]
provisiona1325
warnison1338
chevisance138.
subministrationa1425
financec1475
suppliancea1500
supply?a1513
supplement1544
furnishment1563
furnish1633
plenishment1823
provisionment1827
resourcing1917
1544 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 766 We see manifest occasion of moche greatter charge, then was att the begynnyng consideryd;..and..as We cannot use any other present meanes, for the supplement hereof, thenne [etc.].
1545 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 519 Supposing that they have of His Majestie sufficient supplyment for ther furnyture.
1545 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 543 We coulde have no supplement of caske for their victualles, but suche as we had from..Waterforde.
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 77 Generall puruier and president of the counsell of warre: whose office is..for the suppliment of garrisons.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 242 We had not spent Our ruddie wine aship-boord: supplement Of large sort, each man to his vessell drew.
1658 F. Osborne Mem. Reigns Elizabeth & James in Wks. (1673) 494 The People, if they denied him supplement or inquired after the disposure of it, were presumptuous peepers into the sacred Ark of the State.
1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. at Sleep As soon as the spirits, now in the nerves, shall be dissipated, the capillaments of those nerves, having no supplement of new spirits, will become lax.
4. Mathematics.† a. Each of four subsidiary parallelograms formed inside a given parallelogram by drawing two lines parallel to two adjacent sides through a point on a diagonal. Cf. complement n. 5b. Obsolete.† c. An additional term introduced in certain cases in an equation or expression. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > parallelogram
like-jamb1551
parallelogram1570
supplement1570
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 53 In euery parallelograme, the supplementes of those parallelogrammes which are about the diameter, are equall the one to the other.
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 53v Supplementes or Complementes are those figures which with the two parallelogrammes accomplish the whole parallelogramme.
1659 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Nutrition 198 Suppose ABCD the Parallelogram; AD, the Diameter or Dimetient; and the supplements HB, and HC. We say, the supplement HB. is equal to the Supplement HC. because the Parallelogram hath for its Diameter AD.
b. The amount by which an angle is less than two right angles (180 degrees), or by which an arc is less than a semicircle. Cf. complement n. 5b.† supplement chord n. Obsolete = supplemental chord n. at supplemental adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > supplement
supplementa1652
a1652 S. Foster Elliptical Horologiography (1654) 91 The supplement therefore of the angle now found, is (in this case) the Longitude or Meridian into which the Zenith line A B pointeth.
1679 J. Moxon Eng. Globe v. 128 If the Angle you would make be above 90 Degrees, as suppose 130, make the Angle of its Supplement, viz. the Angle of 50 as before, and the Angle on the other side..will be the Angle you look for.
1747 T. Simpson Elem. Plane Geom. 138 If the Measure of the Supplement-chord of any Arch be increased by the Number 2, the Square-root of the Sum will be the Supplement-chord of half that Arch.
1833 J. R. Young Elements Analyt. Geom. (rev. ed.) i. iii. 128 If from the extremities of any diameter..supplement chords be drawn,..their equation will be y = m(x + A′).
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. i. 338 ADE being a semicircle, BDE is the supplement of the arc AB, which arc, reciprocally, is the supplement of BDE.
1861 N. M. Ferrers Elem. Treat. Trilinear Co-ordinates vi. 112 The angle between the asymptotes of the reciprocal hyperbola will be the supplement of that between the tangents.
1905 F. M. Saxelby Course Pract. Math. ii. 19 If the sum of two angles is 180° they are said to be supplementary angles, and each angle is called the supplement of the other.
2007 D. Szecsei Compl. Idiot's Guide Geom. iv. 44 Straight angles have no complement, and need no supplement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [noun] > figure
rimeeOE
figure?c1225
numberc1300
digit?a1400
digitalc1450
cipher1530
term1552
terminus?a1560
significant figure1614
small figuresa1652
numeral1654
monasa1690
binary digit1796
nomial1828
supplement1868
1868 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1893) VI. 263 I introduce into the equation a term called the ‘Supplement’ (denoted by the abbreviation ‘Supp.’)... The expression of the Supplement should in every case be furnished by the theory.
1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 278 h. f2x. d h..is the general term of this second series, and is what we must add as supplement to the general term of the first series.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† supplementn.2
Obsolete. rare.
Physical suppleness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > loose or stiff condition > [noun]
starknessOE
lithenessa1464
mobility1528
leathwakeness1548
stiffness1552
supplement1583
suppleness1603
spring1641
limber1786
lubricity1809
limberness1835
lissomness1857
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv It [sc. whoredom]..consumeth the moisture and supplement of the body.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
supplementn.3
/ˈsʌplᵻm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈsəpləm(ə)nt/ Now rare (English regional in later use).
= corrosive sublimate n. Also silver supplement (see note in etymology).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals
mercury sublimy?1540
sublimate1543
sublimatum1558
sublimy1558
mercury sublimate1562
corrosive sublimate1664
sweet sublimate1664
supplement1769
Prussian acid1783
oxalic acid1788
prussic acid1788
cyanide1815
cyanuret1827
nitrobenzide1835
nitrobenzol1848
pyridine1851
nitrobenzene1852
isonitrile1871
iso-cyanide1877
1769 I. Bickerstaff Dr. Last in his Chariot II. xii. 45 Don't touch it, Mr Ailwou'd; don't touch it; it's corroding supplement, and will throw you into a salvation.
1809 J. Parkins Culpepper's Eng. Physician Enlarged 385 How to take away little red pimples from the face. Take two ounces of lemon juice, two ounces of rose water, two drachms of silver suppliment.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (at cited word) A chemist, if asked for supplement, would perfectly well understand what was wanted.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
supplementv.
/ˈsʌplᵻmɛnt/, U.S. /ˈsəpləˌmɛnt/, /ˈsəpləmənt/ 1. To provide a supplement to; to make good a deficiency in.
a. transitive. With the provider of the supplement as subject. With with, by.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] > complete, fill up, or make up > by supplying what is wanting
performa1382
supplyc1480
upmake1485
to make up1488
mend?a1505
to stop, to fill (in or up), to supply a gap?1523
to eke out1596
help out (also through)1600
size1608
echea1616
inch out1620
to eke up1633
supplete1664
lengthen1670
supplement1749
to husband out1762
sort1880
piecenc1900
1644 [implied in: D. Featley Roma Ruens 12 The author and supplementer of Catologus testium veritatis.].
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 216 Whatever he wanted in the bewitching charms of youth, he atton'd for, or supplemented with the advantages of experience.
1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies ii. 278 They had reason enough, I say, to be discouraged from attempting, what in all probability could promise no success, without such a power of miracles as was not given to them,..and which nothing human can supplement with efficacy.
1835 Christian Teacher 1 397 These minds, adopting in the main that view of a general government which we have just stated, have yet supplemented it by conceiving that the Deity retains in his hands a reserved power of interference.
1875 D. G. Rossetti Hood's Poet. Wks. 2nd Ser. Pref. p. xv It is now thought desirable to supplement that by a second volume.
1890 G. Gissing Emancipated I. i. v. 151 Then he strolled away and supplemented his meal with a fine bunch of grapes.
1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood iii. iii. 270 She realised she had forgotten her lunch, and she supplemented her tea with two boiled eggs.
1953 S. Kauffmann Philanderer vi. 97 When everyone else was making money, Robert was forced to supplement his insufficient income with his savings.
1977 K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words vi. 105 He had spare time in which to supplement his income by literary work.
2006 Arthurian Lit. 23 23 Malory took his Grail-story from the Vulgate Cycle and supplemented it from the Post-Vulgate Cycle and elsewhere.
b. transitive. In passive with by (the supplement or its provider).
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1659 R. Baxter tr. Binnius in Key for Catholicks xx. 95 The second way is necessary to sciences diminutely and insufficiently delivered by their authors, for their supplement: so Aristotle is supplemented by Albertus Magnus, &c.
1763 Montagnard Parvenu 34 A race that may run into annihilation; but can be supplemented by new creations, neither in their own country nor in England.
1857 J. W. Donaldson Christian Orthodoxy Introd. p. viii This work is a continuous essay, supplemented by a number of special disquisitions on certain important subjects.
1863 W. E. Gladstone Financial Statem. 442 The spiritual food is to be supplemented, as Scotchmen say, by something which finds a shorter way to their perceptions and their appetites.
1902 ‘C. E. Craddock’ Champion vii. 152 How could he be expected to foresee such a coincidence as the probable pillage of the theatre, supplemented by the burning of the building.
1953 M. Kline Math. in Western Culture vii. 92 Political bonds were supplemented by religious ones.
2007 C. Renfrew Prehistory (2008) ii. x. 173 Ancient history..is a more modest prospect than modern history, where the narratives of the day can be supplemented by institutional, civic, and private archives, by libraries and by newspapers.
c. transitive. With the supplement as subject.
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1674 T. Duffett Amorous Old-woman sig. A3v Yet still th' infest this Coast to Fish for Iests, To suppliment their Wits at City Feasts.
a1769 R. Riccaltoun Notes Galatians in Wks. (1772) III. 144 But for those who have had Jesus Christ, and him crucified, set before them..; for them to set up any thing else, either in his stead, or to supplement his all-sufficiency; words cannot describe their folly.
1823 T. Chalmers Christian & Civic Econ. Large Towns II. xiii. 210 The whole expenditure..does not amount to twenty pounds sterling..for each thousand of the population—a mere show of relief, that might well have been dispensed with, as more fitted to impede the charity of nature than to supplement it.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 23 The two sets of dissimilar conditions supplement and throw light upon each other.
1878 M. E. Braddon Open Verdict i If I am a poor creature as a parson, you supplement me so well, Selina, that, between us, I think we do our duty to the parish.
1913 N. Gallizier Hill of Venus i. v. 69 Count Capecé was dressed in a sombre suit of dark green, unembroidered and unadorned. Galvano Lancia supplemented him in a tunic of deep red.
1947 A. J. B. Kempers in India Antiqua (Instituut Kern, Leiden) 22 Νew data, which have supplemented and changed our notions of the subjects mentioned a great deal.
2008 D. J. Rothman et al. in H. Rosenthal & D. J. Rothman What do we owe Each Other? 79 While policy prescriptions..provoke intense controversy, different diagnoses of the roots of the failure supplement each other.
2. transitive. To provide a supplement to remedy (a deficiency, etc.). With by, with.
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1821 T. Chalmers Let. 24 Nov. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) II. 547 Biot was very strenuous in his defence of the analytical methods—said that they were essential for supplementing the defect of the human faculties.
1833 T. Chalmers Bridgewater Treat. (1834) I. i. vi. 224 The strong appetite of hunger supplements the deficiency of the rational principle of self-preservation.
1865 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 35 285 Others again whose upper lips were deficient in quantity of hair, wore false hair, that is, they supplemented that deficiency by a piece of dark-haired opossum skin, cut to the required shape.
1909 Open Court Aug. 467 The calcareous tufa of the Phœnician territories is not susceptible of delicate ornamentation; so other material had to be used to supplement the lack.
1943 C. B. Brown Control of Reservoir Silting 15 Direct physical loss of services by silting occurs only in the years when storage must be called on to its full limit to supplement the deficiency of stream.
1997 T. Real I don't want to talk about It (2003) ii. 45 Society bids many of us to forget about inherent worth and, instead, to supplement the deficiency with external props such as wealth, beauty, status.
3. transitive. To add as a supplementary statement or remark.
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1874 B. De Jongh Sisters Lawless III. viii. 181 Clemence's headache..served as an excuse for not wishing to dine. She might have supplemented that a heartache would rob food of its savour, as well as a headache.
1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children xi. 83 ‘Yes, a disparity,’ answered Maud... ‘It means age!’ ‘And not less than twenty years,’ supplemented Pearl.
1940 S. H. Adams Canal Town xi. 116 ‘You'll have to go to church three times a week’, said Wealthia. ‘You won't like that’. ‘And sign the pledge,’ supplemented Dinty.
1983 A. Price Gunner Kelly ii. 178 ‘A long-time IRA man—’ ‘Who's fought alongside his father in the Troubles and the Civil War,’ supplemented Mr Smith.
2008 R. S. Amano & B. Sundén Thermal Engin. in Power Syst. 390 It must be supplemented that a FCHV system would replace the current gasoline/ diesel engine hybrid car systems in the near future.
Derivatives
ˈsupplemented adj.
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the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > making complete > furnished with a supplement
supplemented1839
1839 Legal Guide 11 May 25/1 The order had nothing to do with the merits, and as to this being a supplemented suit, the facts were these: [etc.].
1901 Westm. Gaz. 30 Nov. 2/1 ‘You love the garden?’ she hazarded... ‘And everything in it,’ was his supplemented answer.
1948 M. K. Horwitt Investig. Human Requirements for B-complex Vitamins ii. 18 A comparison of the results with those obtained from the supplemented group..shows a very pronounced difference between the two dietary groups.
2005 K. Mertes in M. Towery & E. L. Zafran Indexing Specialties ii. 24 The key to keeping a supplemented index current is good data management.
ˈsupplementing n.
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the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > by supplying what is wanting
suppletiona1325
supplement1447
suppliancea1500
supply?a1513
supplying1570
supplementing1832
1832 Q. Rev. 48 336 In one county or division,..the illegal supplementing of wages out of rates..is strictly prohibited; in another, it is winked at, encouraged, nay, enforced.
1865 W. Kay Crisis Hupfeldiana 80 Their cancellings, supplementings, and arbitrary assumptions.
1940 J. W. Harris John Bale ii. xv. 102 The revision and supplementing of his list of plays, the organization of a company of players, and the performances recorded above, all shadow forth something of Bale's activity during this period of his career.
2001 Greyhound Star Apr. 10/1 (advt.) Creatine supplementing can help your dog be away and gone.
ˈsupplementing adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > making complete > by supplying what is wanting
supplemental1605
supplianta1616
suppletorya1631
suppletive1633
expletive1652
eking1653
supplementary1667
makeweight1701
suppl.1800
supplementing1851
make-up1885
add-on1955
1851 W. C. Roscoe Violenzia Pref. p. x A play read in the closet demands that the reader should bring a supplementing imagination.
1904 R. Small Hist. Congregations United Presbyterian Church I. 529 A winding-up was insisted on by the Supplementing Board.
1983 Amer. Banker (Nexis) 11 Feb. 6 Bobby was a lazy nurser and his pediatrician suggested a supplementing formula.
2007 M. Krausz Interpr. & Transformation i. i. 14 I offer a supplementing account of incongruence meant to disallow the conjoining of two incongruent admissible interpretations into a single admissible interpretation.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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