sweltv.

/swɛlt/

Forms: Old English sweltan, Middle English swelten, ( Orm. swelltenn), Middle English–1500s swelte, (Middle English suelt, squelt, swellte, Middle English, 1700s swalt), Middle English– swelt. past tense Old English swealt, plural swulton, Northumbrian weak -suelte, Middle English Orm. swallt, plural swulltenn, Middle English swalt, swelte, Middle English–1500s suelt, swelt, Middle English– swelted, (1800s sweltit, swilted). past participle Old English geswolten, Middle English, 1600s swelt, Middle English sweltid, 1500s swolt, 1500s– swelted.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic strong verb: Old English sweltan, past tense swealt, swulton, past participle geswolten = Old Saxon sweltan, past tense swalt to die, Middle Dutch swelten to faint, die, Old High German swelzan (Middle High German swelzen) to burn away, languish, Old Norse svelta, past tense svalt, sultu, past participle soltinn to die, starve, (Swedish svälta, svalt, sultin to die of hunger, Danish sulte to hunger, starve, back-formation < past participle sulten hungry, dialect svelta, past tense svalt, svolt, past participle svolten, svulten, svoltet), Gothic swiltan, past tense swalt, swultum, past participle swultans to die. The Germanic root swelt- : swalt- : swult- appears also in Old Norse svelta (causative) to put to death, starve, Crimean Gothic swalth death, Gothic swultawaírþja near to death, Old Norse sultr hunger (Middle Swedish sulter , Danish sult , dialect svolt , svult ), Old English swylt ( < *swultiz ) death, swyltan to die, and probably sulter n. It is perhaps a secondary formation on the root swel- to burn slowly (see sweal v.). As in other Germanic languages, the word has in Middle English the sense of ‘faint, languish’, which is not, however, recorded for Old English.

Now dialect.

I. intransitive.

1. To die, perish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]

forsweltc888

sweltc888

adeadeOE

deadc950

wendeOE

i-wite971

starveOE

witea1000

forfereOE

forthfareOE

forworthc1000

to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE

queleOE

fallOE

to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

diec1135

endc1175

farec1175

to give up the ghostc1175

letc1200

aswelta1250

leavea1250

to-sweltc1275

to-worthc1275

to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290

finea1300

spilla1300

part?1316

to leese one's life-daysa1325

to nim the way of deathc1325

to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330

flit1340

trance1340

determinec1374

disperisha1382

to go the way of all the eartha1382

to be gathered to one's fathers1382

miscarryc1387

shut1390

goa1393

to die upa1400

expirea1400

fleea1400

to pass awaya1400

to seek out of lifea1400–50

to sye hethena1400

tinea1400

trespass14..

espirec1430

to end one's days?a1439

decease1439

to go away?a1450

ungoc1450

unlivec1450

to change one's lifea1470

vade1495

depart1501

to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513

to decease this world1515

to go over?1520

jet1530

vade1530

to go westa1532

to pick over the perch1532

galpa1535

to die the death1535

to depart to God1548

to go home1561

mort1568

inlaikc1575

shuffle1576

finish1578

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

relent1587

unbreathe1589

transpass1592

to lose one's breath1596

to make a die (of it)1611

to go offa1616

fail1623

to go out1635

to peak over the percha1641

exita1652

drop1654

to knock offa1657

to kick upa1658

to pay nature her due1657

ghost1666

to march off1693

to die off1697

pike1697

to drop off1699

tip (over) the perch1699

to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703

sink1718

vent1718

to launch into eternity1719

to join the majority1721

demise1727

to pack off1735

to slip one's cable1751

turf1763

to move off1764

to pop off the hooks1764

to hop off1797

to pass on1805

to go to glory1814

sough1816

to hand in one's accounts1817

to slip one's breatha1819

croak1819

to slip one's wind1819

stiffen1820

weed1824

buy1825

to drop short1826

to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839

to get one's (also the) call1839

to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840

to unreeve one's lifeline1840

to step out1844

to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845

to hand in one's checks1845

to go off the handle1848

to go under1848

succumb1849

to turn one's toes up1851

to peg out1852

walk1858

snuff1864

to go or be up the flume1865

to pass outc1867

to cash in one's chips1870

to go (also pass over) to the majority1883

to cash in1884

to cop it1884

snuff1885

to belly up1886

perch1886

to kick the bucket1889

off1890

to knock over1892

to pass over1897

to stop one1901

to pass in1904

to hand in one's marble1911

the silver cord is loosed1911

pip1913

to cross over1915

conk1917

to check out1921

to kick off1921

to pack up1925

to step off1926

to take the ferry1928

peg1931

to meet one's Maker1933

to kiss off1935

to crease it1959

zonk1968

cark1977

to cark it1979

to take a dirt nap1981

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. x. §1 Mænegum men is leofre þæt he ær self swelte ær he gesio his wif & his bearn sweltende.

OE Beowulf 892 Draca morðre swealt.

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints iii. 592 Þu scealt sweltan synna and criste lybban.

c1000 Ælfric Exodus xxi. 12 Se þe mann þe wundað and wyle hine ofslean swelte he deaðe.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5321 Þe laferrd cristess posstless. Þatt..forr to reȝȝsenn crisstenn dom full bliþelike swulltenn.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Gief þu etest of þe forbodene trewe, þu shalt adeðe swelte.

a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS 615/111 For to winne al þis werld Þat swelte vndur þe deueles swerd.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 816 For vus he swalt in Ierusalem.

c1480 (a1400) St. Martha 197 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 290 Vith þat scho swelt, & gawe þe gest.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 262 My hart is full cold, Nerehand that I swelt.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid viii. Prol. 5 Swownand as he suelt wald.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 144 Mony ane swolt and mony fell in swoun.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 661 He slew him self thair suddantlie and suelt.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10905 With swappis of hor swordes swelt mony knightes.

1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 220 (note) Provincial words: swelting for expiring.

1897 in Eng. Dial. Dict.

2. To be ready to perish with the force of strong emotion, or a fit of sickness; to be overcome, faint, swoon.In the 16th cent. the notion of fainting from the heat of emotion prevailed: cf. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > be or become affected with passion [verb (intransitive)] > be overwhelmed with strong emotion

sweltc1330

to bear away1584

to fall out1930

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon

swotherc1000

swowa1250

swoonc1290

sweltc1330

trance1340

to fall on, in swowa1375

swapc1386

sound1393

dwelea1400

swaya1400

faintc1440

owmawt1440

swalmc1440

sweamc1440

syncopize1490

dwalm?a1513

swarf1513

swound1530

cothe1567

sweb1599

to go away1655

to die away1707

go1768

sink1769

sile1790

to pass out1915

to black out1935

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 242 Sorwe it was to se, Þat leuedi swelted swiþe.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 347 His olde wo þat made his herte to swelte.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4268 Sche swelt for sorwe & swoned rit þere.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 38 Aboute his hert he thoughte he gan to swelt.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour xxxiv God..sent the ladi suche a sodein sikenesse that she swalt there she stode, and that no man wost whedir she shulde leue or deye.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2181 in Poems (1981) 83 He..hit him with sic will vpon the heid Quhill neir he swonit and swelt.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8319 With Swym vnder swerd swalton full mony.

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iii. f. 9^v I doo both set on fire, And am the same that swelteth too, through impotent desire.

1575 G. Gascoigne Dan Bartholmew in Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1907) I. 109 When absent Troylus did in sorowes swelt.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vii. sig. F8^v Her deare hart nigh swelt, And eft gan into tender teares to melt.

a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 36 I swelt here as I go; Brenning in fire of little Cupido.

1691 W. Nicholson Glossarium Northanhymbricum in J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 149 To Swelt, deficere, to Sownd.

1703 E. West in Mem. (1865) 216 I was in such an extreme trouble that..vent it must have, or then I must swelt.

1836 M. Mackintosh Cottager's Daughter 99 When she heard that she sweltit at their feet.

1850 H. L. Lear Tales Kirkbeck 2nd Ser. 197 I felt sae sick and unsattled, an' then a' at ance I clean swilted awa.

a. To be overpowered or faint with heat; to suffer oppressive heat, swelter, ‘melt’. †Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > have or get the sensation of heat > suffer oppressive heat

sweltc1400

swelterc1403

sulter1581

stive1806

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [verb (reflexive)] > suffer oppressive heat

swelt1600

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 9278 Many on swalt In his owne gres.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 516 Wel litel thynken ye..That for youre loue I swete ther I go No wonder is thogh þ^t I swelte and swete.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Eei Here did Philotimus that swet and swelted almost, sette himselfe to refreshe his weakned limmes.

1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 367^v/1 The ladies eke tobrent..The knights swelt for lack of shade nie shent.

1600 T. Morley Madrigals to Foure Voices xvii Soft a while, not away so fast, they melt them. Piper! Piper! Piper! Be hang'd a while knaue, looke, the dauncers swelt them.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 154 In a cold sweat, shaking, and swelt almost.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 39 The Fire would then the Earth haue melt, And with thy flames the heau'ns haue swelt.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 82 Wi' faut an' heat I just was like to swelt, An' in a very blob o' sweat to melt.

1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 56 And for them many a weary hand did swelt In torched mines and noisy factories.

†b. To burn or rage as with fever. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > high or low temperature > have high or low temperature [verb (intransitive)] > high temperature

swelt1590

run1890

to have a temperature1898

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. F7 Till..chearefull blood in fayntnes chill did melt, Which like a feuer fit through all his body swelt.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xi. 27 With huge impatience he inly swelt.

†4.

a. To exude with heat. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > exude with heat

swelt?1527

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > exude > with heat

swelt?1527

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > in small quantity > slowly or through pore-like openings > out > with heat

swelt?1527

?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns i. ii. 2 All the Iuce and all the humydyte sweteth and swelteth oute of hym to the lyuer. Ryght as mylke swelteth & sweteth oute of the koowes body in to the vdder.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia x. 445 Each where the pitch and tarre that melts Amongst the timbers burning swelts.

†b. To be oppressive with heat, swelter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > be oppressive with heat

swelt1630

1630 J. Taylor Anagrams & Sonn. in Wks. ii. 256 The dogged dog daies now with heat doe swelt.

†5. ? To welter, wallow (figurative). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals > wallow

wallowc900

swolderc1200

slabc1315

rolla1398

muddlea1450

welter1530

swetter1536

topple1542

swelt1575

swelter1595

sludder1874

1575 G. Gascoigne Dan Bartholmew in Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1907) I. 105 When he thought his hap to be most hye,..And that he swelt in all prosperitie.

II. transitive.

†6. To cause to perish. Obsolete.Perhaps partly from Old Norse svelta, causative of svelta; but cf. forswelt v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to

undoc950

shendOE

forfarea1000

endc1000

to do awayOE

aquenchc1175

slayc1175

stathea1200

tinea1300

to-spilla1300

batec1300

bleschea1325

honisha1325

leesea1325

wastec1325

stanch1338

corrumpa1340

destroy1340

to put awayc1350

dissolvec1374

supplanta1382

to-shend1382

aneantizec1384

avoidc1384

to put outa1398

beshenda1400

swelta1400

amortizec1405

distract1413

consumec1425

shelfc1425

abroge1427

downthringc1430

kill1435

poisonc1450

defeat1474

perish1509

to blow away1523

abrogatea1529

to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529

dash?1529

to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531

put in the pot1531

wipea1538

extermine1539

fatec1540

peppera1550

disappoint1563

to put (also set) beside the saddle1563

to cut the throat of1565

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to make a hand of (also on, with)1569

demolish1570

to break the neck of1576

to make shipwreck of1577

spoil1578

to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579

cipher1589

ruinate1590

to cut off by the shins1592

shipwreck1599

exterminate1605

finish1611

damnify1612

ravel1614

braina1616

stagger1629

unrivet1630

consummate1634

pulverizea1640

baffle1649

devil1652

to blow up1660

feague1668

shatter1683

cook1708

to die away1748

to prove fatal (to)1759

to knock up1764

to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834

to put the kibosh on1834

to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835

kibosh1841

to chaw up1843

cooper1851

to jack up1870

scuttle1888

to bugger up1891

jigger1895

torpedo1895

on the fritz1900

to put paid to1901

rot1908

down and out1916

scuppera1918

to put the skids under1918

stonker1919

liquidate1924

to screw up1933

cruel1934

to dig the grave of1934

pox1935

blow1936

to hit for six1937

to piss up1937

to dust off1938

zap1976

a1400 K. Alis. (Linc. Inn MS.) 7559 To brenne brout and to beo swelt.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 332 Þis meyny of aȝte I schal saue of monnez saulez, and swelt þose oþer.

7. To overheat, broil, scorch; to oppress or overwhelm with heat; also in figurative phrase to swelt one's heart, to exert oneself to the utmost. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > excessively

overheata1398

swelta1400

parboil1565

over-fire1626

exaestuate1657

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > make a great effort

to move (also stir) heaven and earth1580

to swelt one's heart1584

to sweat blood1911

to bust (also rupture) a gut1912

to fall over backwards1932

to bust (also break) one's balls1968

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3790 Alle ware þai swollen of þe swete & sweltid on þe son.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 98 When thei see the Locustes come..thei set al on fire, and so swelte theim in the passyng ouer, that thei..fall to the grounde.

1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London i. C j He shall neuer haue better eating fellowes if hee woulde swelte his hart.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 70 Let the cunningest lickespiggot swelt his heart out, the beere shal neuer foame or froath in the cupp.

1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 92 Not a breath is felt, But hectik Auster's, which doth all things swelt.

1651 Bp. J. Hall Susurrium cum Deo lxxiv. 274 Is the Sun to be blamed that the Travellers cloak swelts him with heat?

1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S.) 525 If we sud swelt our hearts, it will nut deau.

1811 R. Willan in Archaeologia 17 160 (W. Riding Words) Swelted, overcome with heat and perspiration.

1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) It's so hot it's fit to swelt you.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	swelt
释义	sweltv. /swɛlt/ Forms: Old English sweltan, Middle English swelten, ( Orm. swelltenn), Middle English–1500s swelte, (Middle English suelt, squelt, swellte, Middle English, 1700s swalt), Middle English– swelt. past tense Old English swealt, plural swulton, Northumbrian weak -suelte, Middle English Orm. swallt, plural swulltenn, Middle English swalt, swelte, Middle English–1500s suelt, swelt, Middle English– swelted, (1800s sweltit, swilted). past participle Old English geswolten, Middle English, 1600s swelt, Middle English sweltid, 1500s swolt, 1500s– swelted. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic strong verb: Old English sweltan, past tense swealt, swulton, past participle geswolten = Old Saxon sweltan, past tense swalt to die, Middle Dutch swelten to faint, die, Old High German swelzan (Middle High German swelzen) to burn away, languish, Old Norse svelta, past tense svalt, sultu, past participle soltinn to die, starve, (Swedish svälta, svalt, sultin to die of hunger, Danish sulte to hunger, starve, back-formation < past participle sulten hungry, dialect svelta, past tense svalt, svolt, past participle svolten, svulten, svoltet), Gothic swiltan, past tense swalt, swultum, past participle swultans to die. The Germanic root swelt- : swalt- : swult- appears also in Old Norse svelta (causative) to put to death, starve, Crimean Gothic swalth death, Gothic swultawaírþja near to death, Old Norse sultr hunger (Middle Swedish sulter , Danish sult , dialect svolt , svult ), Old English swylt ( < swultiz ) death, swyltan* to die, and probably sulter n. It is perhaps a secondary formation on the root swel- to burn slowly (see sweal v.). As in other Germanic languages, the word has in Middle English the sense of ‘faint, languish’, which is not, however, recorded for Old English. Now dialect. I. intransitive. 1. To die, perish. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. x. §1 Mænegum men is leofre þæt he ær self swelte ær he gesio his wif & his bearn sweltende. OE Beowulf 892 Draca morðre swealt. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints iii. 592 Þu scealt sweltan synna and criste lybban. c1000 Ælfric Exodus xxi. 12 Se þe mann þe wundað and wyle hine ofslean swelte he deaðe. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5321 Þe laferrd cristess posstless. Þatt..forr to reȝȝsenn crisstenn dom full bliþelike swulltenn. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Gief þu etest of þe forbodene trewe, þu shalt adeðe swelte. a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS 615/111 For to winne al þis werld Þat swelte vndur þe deueles swerd. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 816 For vus he swalt in Ierusalem. c1480 (a1400) St. Martha 197 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 290 Vith þat scho swelt, & gawe þe gest. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 262 My hart is full cold, Nerehand that I swelt. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid viii. Prol. 5 Swownand as he suelt wald. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 144 Mony ane swolt and mony fell in swoun. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 661 He slew him self thair suddantlie and suelt. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10905 With swappis of hor swordes swelt mony knightes. 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 220 (note) Provincial words: swelting for expiring. 1897 in Eng. Dial. Dict. 2. To be ready to perish with the force of strong emotion, or a fit of sickness; to be overcome, faint, swoon.In the 16th cent. the notion of fainting from the heat of emotion prevailed: cf. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > be or become affected with passion [verb (intransitive)] > be overwhelmed with strong emotion sweltc1330 to bear away1584 to fall out1930 the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon swotherc1000 swowa1250 swoonc1290 sweltc1330 trance1340 to fall on, in swowa1375 swapc1386 sound1393 dwelea1400 swaya1400 faintc1440 owmawt1440 swalmc1440 sweamc1440 syncopize1490 dwalm?a1513 swarf1513 swound1530 cothe1567 sweb1599 to go away1655 to die away1707 go1768 sink1769 sile1790 to pass out1915 to black out1935 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 242 Sorwe it was to se, Þat leuedi swelted swiþe. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 347 His olde wo þat made his herte to swelte. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4268 Sche swelt for sorwe & swoned rit þere. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 38 Aboute his hert he thoughte he gan to swelt. a1450 Knt. de la Tour xxxiv God..sent the ladi suche a sodein sikenesse that she swalt there she stode, and that no man wost whedir she shulde leue or deye. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2181 in Poems (1981) 83 He..hit him with sic will vpon the heid Quhill neir he swonit and swelt. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8319 With Swym vnder swerd swalton full mony. 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iii. f. 9^v I doo both set on fire, And am the same that swelteth too, through impotent desire. 1575 G. Gascoigne Dan Bartholmew in Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1907) I. 109 When absent Troylus did in sorowes swelt. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vii. sig. F8^v Her deare hart nigh swelt, And eft gan into tender teares to melt. View more context for this quotation a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 36 I swelt here as I go; Brenning in fire of little Cupido. 1691 W. Nicholson Glossarium Northanhymbricum in J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 149 To Swelt, deficere, to Sownd. 1703 E. West in Mem. (1865) 216 I was in such an extreme trouble that..vent it must have, or then I must swelt. 1836 M. Mackintosh Cottager's Daughter 99 When she heard that she sweltit at their feet. 1850 H. L. Lear Tales Kirkbeck 2nd Ser. 197 I felt sae sick and unsattled, an' then a' at ance I clean swilted awa. 3. a. To be overpowered or faint with heat; to suffer oppressive heat, swelter, ‘melt’. †Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > have or get the sensation of heat > suffer oppressive heat sweltc1400 swelterc1403 sulter1581 stive1806 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [verb (reflexive)] > suffer oppressive heat swelt1600 c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 9278 Many on swalt In his owne gres. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 516 Wel litel thynken ye..That for youre loue I swete ther I go No wonder is thogh þ^t I swelte and swete. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Eei Here did Philotimus that swet and swelted almost, sette himselfe to refreshe his weakned limmes. 1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 367^v/1 The ladies eke tobrent..The knights swelt for lack of shade nie shent. 1600 T. Morley Madrigals to Foure Voices xvii Soft a while, not away so fast, they melt them. Piper! Piper! Piper! Be hang'd a while knaue, looke, the dauncers swelt them. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 154 In a cold sweat, shaking, and swelt almost. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 39 The Fire would then the Earth haue melt, And with thy flames the heau'ns haue swelt. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 82 Wi' faut an' heat I just was like to swelt, An' in a very blob o' sweat to melt. 1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 56 And for them many a weary hand did swelt In torched mines and noisy factories. †b. To burn or rage as with fever. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > high or low temperature > have high or low temperature [verb (intransitive)] > high temperature swelt1590 run1890 to have a temperature1898 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. F7 Till..chearefull blood in fayntnes chill did melt, Which like a feuer fit through all his body swelt. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xi. 27 With huge impatience he inly swelt. †4. a. To exude with heat. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > exude with heat swelt?1527 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > exude > with heat swelt?1527 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > in small quantity > slowly or through pore-like openings > out > with heat swelt?1527 ?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns i. ii. 2 All the Iuce and all the humydyte sweteth and swelteth oute of hym to the lyuer. Ryght as mylke swelteth & sweteth oute of the koowes body in to the vdder. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia x. 445 Each where the pitch and tarre that melts Amongst the timbers burning swelts. †b. To be oppressive with heat, swelter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > be oppressive with heat swelt1630 1630 J. Taylor Anagrams & Sonn. in Wks. ii. 256 The dogged dog daies now with heat doe swelt. †5. ? To welter, wallow (figurative). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals > wallow wallowc900 swolderc1200 slabc1315 rolla1398 muddlea1450 welter1530 swetter1536 topple1542 swelt1575 swelter1595 sludder1874 1575 G. Gascoigne Dan Bartholmew in Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1907) I. 105 When he thought his hap to be most hye,..And that he swelt in all prosperitie. II. transitive. †6. To cause to perish. Obsolete.Perhaps partly from Old Norse svelta, causative of svelta; but cf. forswelt v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to undoc950 shendOE forfarea1000 endc1000 to do awayOE aquenchc1175 slayc1175 slayc1175 stathea1200 tinea1300 to-spilla1300 batec1300 bleschea1325 honisha1325 leesea1325 wastec1325 stanch1338 corrumpa1340 destroy1340 to put awayc1350 dissolvec1374 supplanta1382 to-shend1382 aneantizec1384 avoidc1384 to put outa1398 beshenda1400 swelta1400 amortizec1405 distract1413 consumec1425 shelfc1425 abroge1427 downthringc1430 kill1435 poisonc1450 defeat1474 perish1509 to blow away1523 abrogatea1529 to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529 dash?1529 to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531 put in the pot1531 wipea1538 extermine1539 fatec1540 peppera1550 disappoint1563 to put (also set) beside the saddle1563 to cut the throat of1565 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to make a hand of (also on, with)1569 demolish1570 to break the neck of1576 to make shipwreck of1577 spoil1578 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579 cipher1589 ruinate1590 to cut off by the shins1592 shipwreck1599 exterminate1605 finish1611 damnify1612 ravel1614 braina1616 stagger1629 unrivet1630 consummate1634 pulverizea1640 baffle1649 devil1652 to blow up1660 feague1668 shatter1683 cook1708 to die away1748 to prove fatal (to)1759 to knock up1764 to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834 to put the kibosh on1834 to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835 kibosh1841 to chaw up1843 cooper1851 to jack up1870 scuttle1888 to bugger up1891 jigger1895 torpedo1895 on the fritz1900 to put paid to1901 rot1908 down and out1916 scuppera1918 to put the skids under1918 stonker1919 liquidate1924 to screw up1933 cruel1934 to dig the grave of1934 pox1935 blow1936 to hit for six1937 to piss up1937 to dust off1938 zap1976 a1400 K. Alis. (Linc. Inn MS.) 7559 To brenne brout and to beo swelt. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 332 Þis meyny of aȝte I schal saue of monnez saulez, and swelt þose oþer. 7. To overheat, broil, scorch; to oppress or overwhelm with heat; also in figurative phrase to swelt one's heart, to exert oneself to the utmost. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > excessively overheata1398 swelta1400 parboil1565 over-fire1626 exaestuate1657 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > make a great effort to move (also stir) heaven and earth1580 to swelt one's heart1584 to sweat blood1911 to bust (also rupture) a gut1912 to fall over backwards1932 to bust (also break) one's balls1968 a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3790 Alle ware þai swollen of þe swete & sweltid on þe son. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 98 When thei see the Locustes come..thei set al on fire, and so swelte theim in the passyng ouer, that thei..fall to the grounde. 1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London i. C j He shall neuer haue better eating fellowes if hee woulde swelte his hart. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 70 Let the cunningest lickespiggot swelt his heart out, the beere shal neuer foame or froath in the cupp. 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 92 Not a breath is felt, But hectik Auster's, which doth all things swelt. 1651 Bp. J. Hall Susurrium cum Deo lxxiv. 274 Is the Sun to be blamed that the Travellers cloak swelts him with heat? 1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S.) 525 If we sud swelt our hearts, it will nut deau. 1811 R. Willan in Archaeologia 17 160 (W. Riding Words) Swelted, overcome with heat and perspiration. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) It's so hot it's fit to swelt you. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c888
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