systemicadj.n.
/sᵻˈstiːmɪk/, /sᵻˈstɛmɪk/, U.S. /səˈstɛmɪk/ A. adj.
1.
a. Anatomy and Physiology. Designating parts of the circulatory system that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and return deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart; designating circulation of this nature. Also: of or relating to such parts or circulation.Contrasted with pulmonary circulation: see pulmonary adj. and n. Compounds.As originally described by Barclay (quot. 1803) the systemic circulatory system included the pulmonary veins (in which the blood is oxygenated) but not the veins returning blood from the tissues to the heart.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > system > [adjective]
systemic1803
systemic1834
systemical1883
the world > life > the body > vascular system > [adjective] > cardio-vascular
systemic1803
cardiovascular1854
1803 J. Barclay New Anat. Nomencl. 122 Let the vessels which convey it [sc. blood] from the lungs to the system be called the Systemic, and those which convey it from the system to the lungs be named the Pulmonic.
1841 R. E. Grant Outl. Compar. Anat. 498 The great systemic artery issuing from the left ventricle.
1896 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. IV 1008 The Systemic Circulation..divisible into Arterial and Venous.
1907 Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 18 406/1 A congestion and rise of blood-pressure within the systemic veins.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 401/2 A new source of systemic arterial blood is needed for myocardial revascularization.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xiv. 462 The fourth arch is always a large, bilaterally developed vessel in lower tetrapods; it is termed the systemic arch, because it is the main channel for blood flowing from heart to body.
2002 E. Wooff Mud Puppy xii. 116 Scientists recently found the remains of a dinosaur which had a four-chambered, double-pump heart with a single systemic aorta like a mammal's.
2007 M. N. Levy & A. J. Pappano Cardiovascular Physiol. (ed. 9) xii. 222/2 Elevation of intracranial pressure results in an increase in systemic blood pressure.
b. Chiefly Medicine. Of, relating to, or affecting more than one system of organs, or the body as a whole (cf. system n. 5b).systemic lupus erythematosus: see lupus erythematosus n. at lupus n. 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > system > [adjective]
systemic1803
systemic1834
systemical1883
1834 Periscope Jan. in Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 20 216/1 We deem it more convenient to allude to its [sc. plica] outward and more visible signs on the hair and nails, before treating of the systemic disease.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 794/1 The cessation of these actions, and the consequent solution of connection between the various parts of the body, is systemic death.
1889 R. Bartholow Pract. Treat. Materia Med. (ed. 7) 489 Systemic effects may be produced by such an application.
1914 Illinois Med. Jrnl. 26 468/1 The systemic infection which has caused the rheumatic trouble has gotten in through the tonsils.
1945 Science 23 Feb. 203/2 The regular findings of a nodular perineuritis in peripheral nerve trunks and of a nodular polymyositis in skeletal muscles indicates the systemic nature of this disease.
2010 New Scientist 14 Aug. 47/1 In severe cases..a localised reaction can become a body-wide systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
c. Medicine. Designating a lesion or pathological process that affects a specific tract of nerve fibres. Cf. system n. Compounds 1a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > system > [adjective] > organ > set of
systematic1875
systemic1878
1878 E. P. Fowler tr. J. M. Charcot Lect. Localization Dis. Brain iv. 34 It may be said that the pathological physiology of the spinal cord is distinguished by the extensive existence in it of those lesions called systemic [Fr. l'existence très-répandue..des lésions dites systématiques].
1881 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 15 514 We had here to do with a distinct systemic lesion affecting the whole of the pyramidal tract in the lumbar and dorsal and lowest cervical region.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 181 Systemic sclerosis of a small but defined tract of the spinal cord.
1910 C. K. Russel in Osler's Mod. Med. VII. iii. 131 The view was advanced that we have in this disease a primary systemic combined sclerosis developing on a hereditary foundation.
2. Of or relating to a system, plan, or method; according to a system, methodical; systematic (in various senses). Now rare.
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the world > relative properties > order > [adjective] > ordered or systematically arranged
ordereda1400
rangeda1616
composed1627
systemic1850
structured1873
partially ordered1916
1847 North Amer. Rev. Jan. 195 Dr Webster chose to derive from system the verb systemize... Why should he not have boldly carried out his process, and have given us systemic, systemical, and systemically?]
1850 J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. II. Systemic, pertaining to a system.
1858 Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. 10 66 They approach Batrachospermum, near which genus I have long considered to be their true systemic position.
1901 Official Gaz. E. Afr. & Uganda Protectorates 1 Dec. 311 He accuses the French missionaries and the ladies of the French Legation of systemic looting in Peking.
2013 D. H. Bennett in A. Kingsnorth & K. A. LeBlanc Managem. of Abdominal Hernias vi. 97/1 Hodgson and colleagues carried out a systemic review.
3.
a. Pharmacology. Of a medicinal agent or treatment: affecting the whole body; not local or topical; administered orally or parenterally. Also: designating these methods of administration.
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1851 C. T. Downing Neuralgia 115 (heading) Systemic remedies.
1890 Columbus Med. Jrnl. 8 440 A systemic drug that would destroy the growth of the deposit, has not been known to the profession.
1918 T. H. Sollmann Man. Pharmacol. 115 Dermatitis from Systemic Drugs.—Many drugs cause a dermatitis when they are given by mouth.
1953 R. Pratt & J. Dufrenoy Antibiotics (ed. 2) xiv. 286 Some antibiotics..are too toxic for systemic chemotherapy in man.
2008 Whole Dog Jrnl. Oct. 11/3 The intranasal vaccine is highly effective and very safe since it is not systemic but goes down the nose into the throat.
b. Of a pesticide: entering the tissue system of a plant or insect and transported within it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > killer of nature > [adjective]
systemic1945
eradicant1949
1945 U.S. Patent 2,390,941 1/1 Another object of importance is to provide a wholly new class of systemic or translocated herbicides.
1979 Radio Times 5 May 13/4 The best control is to spray young foliage thoroughly with Benlate systemic fungicide.
2010 Independent 20 Nov. 44/4 The possible devastation being inflicted on insect and, as a result, bird populations by the use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides.
4. Geology. Defining a stratigraphic system (system n. 8); of, relating to, or characteristic of such a system.
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1871 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1869–70 11 62 He insists..upon..the broad lithological and paleontological gap intervening between the Chemung and the Catskill, intimating that there is the place to draw the systemic lines.
1892 C. R. Van Hise Archean & Algonkian ii. 68 To the upper division, the Keewatin and Coutchiching,..the principles of stratigraphical geology apply, and to cover these two series is proposed the term Ontarian, of systemic value.
1959 Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper No. 296. 16/1 Many of the details of their stratigraphy were not worked out and the rocks are mapped in systemic rather than formational units.
2000 R. A. Fortey Rev. Correlation Ordovician Rocks Brit. Isles ii. 2/2 These revisions of both systemic boundaries mean that the Ordovician includes more strata than were dealt with in the first edition.
5. Relating to a system as a whole; inherent in the system.
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the world > relative properties > order > [adjective] > of or relating to a system
systemic1887
1887 W. F. Revell Ethical Forecasts 81 Does there not seem to be..a systemic intelligence, or a systemic grouping of forces which secures the results that intelligence might be expected to secure?
1923 T. Veblen Absentee Ownership xiii. 417 The ulterior (systemic) consequences of any strategic suspension or retardation of work at any point are likely to be more serious.
1975 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Oct. 1233/5 A tradition of American political and social thought..that demands social justice without labelling injustice a systemic product.
1993 Newsweek 6 Sept. 20/3 A similar panel is investigating whether shuttle delays are just bad luck or are signs of systemic problems.
2013 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 31/5 In the midst of an all-embracing systemic financial crisis.
B. n.
1. Zoology. An aortic arch which in vertebrates carries blood from the ventral to the dorsal aorta and thence to all parts of the body except the head.In the adult, amphibians and reptiles have both right and left systemics; birds have only the right systemic, and mammals only the left.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [adjective] > specific artery
subethal?a1425
subclavian artery1615
carotic1656
carotidal1664
carotid1667
soporal1706
subclavial1714
aortic1833
aortal1836
carotidean1836
hyparterial1882
systemic1892
Zuckerkandl1910
para-aortic1927
1892 Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abtheilung f. Anat. u. Ontogenie der Thiere 5 417 The 3rd branchial of the right side showed a difference from that of the left in that it ran into the mesenteric artery which arises where to [sic] two systemics meet.
1912 M. J. Guthrie Lab. Direct. Gen. Zool. 17 This will..leave the dorsal aorta and the two systemics uninjured.
1986 M. B. V. Roberts Biology (ed. 4) xxxiv. 572 The ventricle [in the tadpole] is completely divided though there is a small hole, the foramen of Panizza, connecting the base of the two systemics.
2010 R. L. Kotpal Mod. Text Bk. Zool. (ed. 3) xxii. 286 Just in front of the heart [of the lizard], the two systemics cross over to the opposite sides.
2. A systemic pesticide or medicinal agent. Cf. sense A. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > insecticide or pesticide
acaricide1841
pyrethrum1876
benzene hexachloride1884
systemic1893
alphachloralose1894
pyrethrin1896
hexachlorethane1898
pesticide1933
bomb1944
bug juice1944
adulticide1945
miticide1946
chlordane1947
HCH1947
lindane1949
allethrin1950
Pybuthrin1951
isodrin1953
monosulfiram1953
mirex1962
naled1963
propoxur1964
methiocarb1966
carbofuran1968
aldicarb1969
pirimicarb1970
tickicide1971
methoprene1974
1893 New Orleans Med. & Surg. Jrnl. Nov. 394 I used hot fomentations; hot vaginal and rectal injections; opiates and other systemics; local applications in the uterus; [etc.]
1954 Cornell Recommendations for Florist Crops 4/1 Do not use systemics on soil which will be used for vegetable production.
1964 Which? Apr. 114/1 Dimethoate and menazon are unlike the other insecticides in being systemics, i.e. they are absorbed into the plant instead of just being deposited on it.
2011 H. Nordhaus Beekeeper's Lament vi. 158 Systemics, he learned, work not by killing outright but by breaking down the immune system of the target insect.
Compounds
systemic grammar n. (more fully systemic functional grammar) an approach to grammar developed within systemic linguistics in which description is founded on the relationships among the various units at different ranks of a language, and in which language is viewed as a system of meaning-creating paradigmatic choices; see systemic linguistics n.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > schools or theories of grammar > [noun] > other spec.
universal grammar1751
recognition grammar1926
tagmemics1947
structural grammar1949
speculative grammar1951
generative grammar1959
generativism1965
standard theory1966
systemic grammar1967
case grammar1968
Montague grammar1972
1967 R. A. Hudson in Lingua 18 226 Of the fragments of English grammar given in this paper, illustrating the kinds of statement which can be made in a systemic grammar, some are still tentative.
1987 C. C. Mock in R. Steele & T. Threadgold Lang. Topics II. ii. 238 Systemic functional grammar has long claimed that the formal meaning of grammatical categories is based on their relational status as options within systems at particular ranks.
2000 G. D. Morley Syntax in Functional Gram. Introd. 1 From its very beginnings, though, systemic grammar has been marked by its recognition that all language..takes place in the context of a social situation.
systemic linguistics n. (more fully systemic functional linguistics) an approach to linguistics that considers language as a network of systems determining the paradigmatic options from which speakers choose in accordance with their communicative goals; cf. system n. 12.
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the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > other specific branches or schools
historical linguistics1871
functional grammar1894
applied linguistics1922
functionalism1935
prelinguistics1949
metalinguistics1951
mathematical linguistics1955
systemic linguistics1958
computational linguistics1961
emic1962
microsociolinguistics1968
stratificationalism1968
creolistics1970
macrolinguistics1972
1958 T. Hill in Orbis 7 454 A new branch of systemic linguistics dealing with the types of relation that arise in use between tongues, and between them and their users.
1994 J. Hammond & P. Freebody in L. Verhoeven Functional Literacy v. 425 In recent years developments in systemic functional linguistics have given an important impetus to literacy education.
2008 R. Carter & S. Adolphs in A. Gerbig & O. Mason Lang., People, Numbers 275 Systemic linguistics is a theory that focuses on meaning, choice and probability in language and on the significance of language as a social phenomenon.
systemic racism n. discrimination or unequal treatment on the basis of membership of a particular racial or ethnic group (typically one that is a minority or marginalized), arising from systems, structures, or expectations that have become established within society or an institution.See also institutional racism n. at institutional adj. Additions, structural racism n. at structural adj. Compounds.
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society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism
racialism1880
racism1903
ethnocentrism1906
ethnocentricity1937
structural racism1964
systemic racism1968
1968 L. P. Zimmer in M. Boyd Underground Church ii. 29 I am pretty well aware of..my increasingly forceful abhorrence of war, police brutality, corrupt politics, systemic racism, and money-grubbing religious structures.
1996 Economist 16 Nov. 68/1 It may be harder to eradicate what appears to be systemic racism at the firm.
2020 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 13 July a1 The document has been targeted by critics who say it does not go far enough to push for sweeping changes to address systemic racism in policing.
systemic risk n. risk of the failure of a whole system, esp. a market or financial system, due to links and interdependencies between entities so that the failure of a single or a few entities may lead to a cascade of failures, ultimately resulting in the collapse of the entire system.
ΚΠ
1982 Amer. Banker 8 Nov. 22/4 The systemic risk now is in the bigger banks.
1990 Vital Speeches 1 Aug. 613/2 Exposure of the banking system to systemic risk depends on the prudential holdings of cash, liquidity.
2008 New Yorker 1 Dec. 59/2 Bear wasn't one of Wall Street's biggest firms, and its demise seemed unlikely to lead to other failures. In the argot of central bankers, the bank didn't appear to present a ‘systemic risk’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.1803