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单词 sym-
释义

sym-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
representing Greek συμ-, assimilated form of συν- syn- prefix, before labials (β, μ, π, ϕ, ψ), hence in words of Greek derivation in Latin and modern languages before b, m, p. [ < Greek σύμμορϕος (μορϕή form) + -ic suffix] , having the same or a like form; conformed; so [after peripatetic n. and adj.] , a fellow-walker, a companion in a walk. [Greek ϕώνησις phonesis n.; compare Greek συμϕώνησις agreement] (see quot. and ding-dong adj. 1). [irregularly < Greek συμϕράττειν to press together + -ic suffix] , produced by pressure, as regionally metamorphosed rocks; so [ < Greek συμϕρονεῖν to be of one mind; after synchronistic] , involving coincidence or identity of thought; embodying the same ideas. [Greek ϕύλλον leaf: see -ous suffix] , having the perianth-leaves united; gamophyllous.
symmorphic adj.
Brit. /sᵻˈmɔːfɪk/
,
U.S. /səˈmɔrfɪk/
Apparently an isolated use.
Π
1851 G. S. Faber Many Mansions 103 Our spiritualised human bodies..thus conformed or (as the Greek has it [Philipp. iii. 21])..made symmorphic to his spiritualised Body.
symmorphism n.
Brit. /sᵻˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /səˈmɔrˌfɪzəm/
likeness of form, condition of being conformed.
Π
1851 G. S. Faber Many Mansions 103 They would neither have this declared symmorphism, nor..be fitted for a perpetual abode..with the Lord their glorious pattern.
sympalmograph n.
Brit. /sɪmˈpalmə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/
,
/sɪmˈpalmə(ʊ)ɡraf/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈpælməˌɡræf/
[Greek παλμός vibration: see -graph comb. form] an apparatus for exhibiting the combination of vibrations, consisting of a double pendulum the two parts of which can be caused to vibrate in different directions and at varying rates, with a style attached so as to trace the resulting curves on a prepared surface.
Π
1895 C. E. Benham in Engineering 26 July 127 (title) The Sympalmograph.
sympatetic n.
Brit. /ˌsɪmpəˈtɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪmpəˈtɛdɪk/
Apparently an isolated use.
Π
1832 W. Maginn in Blackwood's Mag. 32 413 Without..interrupting..the dialogue of the two venerable sympatetics.
sympelmous adj.
Brit. /sɪmˈpɛlməs/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈpɛlməs/
(also erroneoussynpelmous) [Greek πέλμα sole of the foot: see -ous suffix] Ornithology having the tendons of the deep flexors of the toes united before separating to each of the four digits.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > of toes or claws > having particular type of
zygodactylous1828
yoke-toed1831
zygodactyl1831
anisodactylic1834
zygodactylic1835
lark-heeled1837
short-toed1837
heterodactylous1854
pair-toed1868
sympelmous1885
pamprodactylous1889
pigeon-toed1890
pamprodactyl1934
synpelmous-
1885 J. S. Kingsley Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) IV. 369 An arrangement to be called synpelmous, since the two tendons are completely blended... The synpelmous distribution of the deep plantar tendons obtains especially in the swifts, humming birds..and their allies.
1890 H. Seebohm in Ibis Jan. 31 In synpelmous birds the plantars do not cross each other at the back of the tarsus.., but coalesce at the point where they usually cross.
1898 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Sympelmous.
symperitoneal adj.
Brit. /sɪmˌpɛrᵻtəˈniːəl/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪmˌpɛrətnˈiəl/
(see quot. 1903).
Π
1903 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 3) 687/1 Symperitoneal..uniting two or more parts of the peritoneum artificially.
sympetalous adj.
Brit. /sɪmˈpɛtələs/
,
/sɪmˈpɛtl̩əs/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈpɛdl̩əs/
(also erroneoussynpetalous) Botany having the petals united; gamopetalous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals
foliaceous1658
monopetalous1687
pentapetalous1687
polypetalous1687
hose-in-hose1688
monopetalose1693
pentapetalose1693
tetrapetalose1694
tetrapetalous1697
tripetalose1698
tripetalous1704
hexapetalous1707
petalous1719
petaloid1720
planipetalous1730
petaline1783
petaliform1788
petalled1793
polypetal1803
hexapetaloid1813
hexapetaloideous1830
tripetaloid1830
tripetaloideous1830
unipetalous1831
petaliferous1847
macropetalous1857
sympetalous1870
apopetalous1875
anisopetalous1880
petally1888
thread-petalled1899
thousand-petalled1951
decapetalous-
synpetalous-
1870 A. W. Bennett in Jrnl. Bot. June 192 I would propose..terms similar to those applied to the pistil, where we use ‘apocarpous’, and ‘syncarpous’... The terms ‘aposepalous’, ‘synsepalous’, ‘apopetalous’, and ‘synpetalous’, would at once convey their meanings.
1877 A. W. Bennett tr. O. W. Thomé Text-bk. Struct. & Physiol. Bot. 129 The corolla is gamopetalous or sympetalous (less correctly ‘monopetalous’), when the petals are more or less coherent.
symphalangism n.
Brit. /ˌsɪmfəˈlandʒɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈfælənˌdʒɪzəm/
[Latin phalang- : see phalanx n.] Anatomy a condition in which the middle phalanx of a finger or toe is properly developed in length but its proximal (or distal) joint is imperfect or absent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of fingers
brachydactylism1886
hyperphalangism1891
hyperphalangy1898
hyperphalangia1899
hypophalangia1905
brachydactyly1906
hypophalangism1911
symphalangism1916
hypophalangy1929
1916 H. Cushing in Genetics 1 91 This paper will present a much more complete family record of an inherited trait... The malformation will be designated symphalangism.
1943 Jrnl. Heredity 31 344/1 Similar reports of abnormalities of hands and feet including symphalangism, syndactylism, and polydactyly..seem to agree that many anatomical anomalies may be inherited as single dominant traits.
1965 Arch. Internal Med. 115 580/1 Symphalangism (congenital fusion of the phalanges) is occasionally associated with brachydactyly.
symphile n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfʌɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmˌfaɪl/
Entomology an insect that lives with ants or other social insects as a guest in a relationship of symphilism.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined as social insect or association of > friendly symbiosis > guest
symphile1910
1910 W. M. Wheeler Ants xxi. 381 The symphiles represent the élite,..and number hardly more than 300 to 400 species, whereas the synœketes are much more numerous.
1960 H. Oldroyd tr. Jeannel Introd. Entomol. viii. 212 The greater number of symphiles are beetles, cherished by the ants, and carried with them wherever the nest is moved, but nevertheless terrible enemies of the colony because of the great damage they do to it.
1971 E. O. Wilson Insect Societies xx. 403/1 Many of the better~integrated symphiles dispense attractive substances to their hosts from epidermal glands.
symphilic adj.
Brit. /sɪmˈfɪlɪk/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈfɪlɪk/
pertaining to or being a symphile; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [adjective] > relating to guest
symphilic1919
1919 W. Osler Old Humanities ii. 12 This attention is what our symphilic community—to use a biological term—bestows on you.
1927 H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe Guests of Brit. Ants p. xvi They mostly possess characteristic or ‘symphilic’ colours and texture—a yellow-red, with an oily looking surface.
1971 E. O. Wilson Insect Societies xx. 403/2 A large percentage of the symphilic beetles..possess peculiar tufts of red or golden hairs.
symphilism n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfᵻlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˈsɪmfl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmfəˌlɪzəm/
[ < German symphilie (M. E. Wasmann 1896, in 3me Congr. Internat. Zool. 412), < Greek συμϕιλεῖν to love mutually + -ism suffix] Biology term for a kind of friendly symbiosis or commensalism existing between ants or termites and certain other insects which they feed and tend as guests, and which in some cases yield a sweet substance as food for them.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined as social insect or association of > friendly symbiosis
symphily1899
symphilism1903
1903 Nature 12 Feb. 351/1 The phenomenon of ‘symphilism’, that is to say, the harbouring of insects, &c., of various foreign species in the nests of ants and termites. It is stated that the number of symphilous arthropods exceeds a hundred.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
symphilous adj.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfᵻləs/
,
/ˈsɪmfl̩əs/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmfələs/
characterized by symphily.
symphily n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfᵻli/
,
/ˈsɪmfl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmfəli/
[ < Greek συμϕιλία] see symphilism n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined as social insect or association of > friendly symbiosis
symphily1899
symphilism1903
1899 D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VI. 183 The relations between ants and their guests..Wasmann..arranges..in four categories: 1, ‘Symphily’ for the true guests, which are fed and tended by the ants, the guests often affording some substance the ants delight in.
symphonesis n.
Brit. /ˌsɪmfəˈniːsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪmfəˈnisᵻs/
Philology
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > [noun] > origin of language > theories of
pooh-pooh theory1861
bow-wow theory1864
symphonesis1872
nativism1892
ta-ta theory1930
sing-song theory1939
1872 A. J. Ellis President's Addr. to Philol. Soc. 13 The Dingdong! theory..; let us call it symphonesis.
symphonetic adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪmfəˈnɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪmfəˈnɛdɪk/
[Greek ϕωνητικός phonetic adj. and n.] (a) Music consisting of parts in harmony; polyphonic; (b) Philology exhibiting symphonesis.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [adjective] > characterized by
symphonetic1721
chorded1850
the mind > language > [adjective] > terms relating to origin of language
gestural1613
symphonetic1872
nativistic1922
1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick xi. §2. 332 A compound Song is where Two or more Voices go together,..so that the Melody each of them makes, is a distinct and different simple Song..; ..all such Compositions are very properly called symphonetick Musick, or Musick in Parts.
1872 A. J. Ellis President's Addr. to Philol. Soc. 15 Is it [sc. the word ‘scrumptious’] interjectional, imitational, or symphonetic?
symphrase n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfreɪz/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmˌfreɪz/
Grammar a word consisting of a phrase or number of words run into one.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > compounding > a compound > specific
augmentative1616
repetitive1810
bahuvrihi1846
dvandva compound1846
karmadharaya1846
tatpurusha1846
copulative compound1888
symphrase1893
synonym-compound1923
1893 Smithsonian Rep. 41 He was able to ascertain and formulate the principles..governing the number, kind, and position of notional stems in symphrases, or word-sentences.
symphrattic adj.
Brit. /sɪmˈfratɪk/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈfrædɪk/
Geology
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > metamorphism > [adjective]
metamorphic1833
thermo-metamorphic1889
post-metamorphic1900
potassic1902
sodic1902
katamorphic1904
symphrattic1904
retrogressive1930
retrograde1932
Scourian1950
1904 A. W. Grabau in Amer. Geol. Apr. 236 (note) Rocks of this type may be called symphrattic rocks.
symphrattism n.
Brit. /sɪmˈfratɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈfrædɪzəm/
metamorphism caused by pressure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > metamorphism > [noun]
metamorphism1845
regional metamorphism1861
contact metamorphism1876
plutonometamorphism1889
thermo-metamorphism1889
anamorphism1904
katamorphism1904
symphrattism1904
1904 A. W. Grabau in Amer. Geol. Apr. 236 Whether the metamorphism be due..to mountain making processes (regional or dynamo-metamorphism, or symphrattism).
symphronistic adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪmfrəˈnɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪmfrəˈnɪstɪk/
Apparently an isolated use.
Π
1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. W. von Goethe Wilhelm Meister's Trav. in German Romance IV. 145 Another series of..occurrences, not so much of a synchronistic, as of a symphronistic kind.
symphylan adj. and n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfᵻlan/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmfələn/
[modern Latin Symphyla, name of a class of arthropods (J. A. Ryder 1880, in Amer. Naturalist XIV. 376), < Greek ϕυλή tribe: so called from their combining characteristics of several other classes] (of or pertaining to) an arthropod of the class Symphyla, the members of which resemble centipedes, having soft bodies and many legs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Symphyla > [noun] > member of
symphylan1898
symphylid1936
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Symphyla > [adjective] > of or relating to member of class Symphyla
symphylan1898
symphylid1936
1898 A. S. Packard Text-bk. Entomol. 21 He..believed that the Symphyla are the forerunners of the myriapods, and not of the insects, his genealogical tree representing the symphylan and thysanuran phyla as originating from the same point.
1964 U. Lanham Insects i. 19 Two of these classes [of many-legged arthropods]— the pauropods and the symphylans—are small, obscure creatures... The other two—centipedes and millipedes—are larger, more conspicuous.
1979 W. D. Russell-Hunter Life Invertebr. xvi. 301 In some structural features, symphylans resemble the centipedes and in others the apterygote insects.
symphylid adj. and n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmfᵻlɪd/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmfələd/
Entomology = symphylan adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Symphyla > [noun] > member of
symphylan1898
symphylid1936
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Symphyla > [adjective] > of or relating to member of class Symphyla
symphylan1898
symphylid1936
1936 Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 3 14 The contention that the opisthogoneate condition in insects has been derived from Symphylid stock.
1936 Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 3 16 The heart, haemocoel, fat-body and anal glands have all been inherited from the Symphylids.
1973 Nature 16 Nov. 128/1 It is of interest that certain of the symphilids carry styli on the base of the second and third pairs of legs.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XII. 771/1 Symphilid species are small, fragile, and lacking pigmentation.
symphyllous adj.
Brit. /sɪmˈfɪləs/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈfɪləs/
Botany
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > having leaves of particular shape or size
broad-leaved1552
long-leaved1562
narrow-leaved1578
round-leaved1597
small-leaved1597
long-leafed1629
rosemary-leaved1633
rue-leaved1633
teretifolious1657
cut-leaved1731
longleaf1733
channel-leaved1758
halberd-shaped1770
alder-leaved1772
oak-leaved1776
holly-leaved1777
ivy-leaved1789
halberd-headed1795
daisy-leaved1796
narrow-leaf1804
oblique-leaved1807
sword-leaved1807
wing-leaved1822
flaggy1842
curly1845
macrophyllous1857
parvifolious1857
shield-leaved1860
curled1861
symphyllous1877
beak-leaved188.
stenophyllous1880
thread-leaved1884
megaphyllous1901
little leaf1908
ivy-leaf1909
1877 A. W. Bennett tr. O. W. Thomé Text-bk. Struct. & Physiol. Bot. iv. 134 The perianth..may be gamophyllous or symphyllous..on the one hand; or [etc.].
sympneuma n.
Brit. /sɪmpˈnjuːmə/
,
U.S. /sɪmpˈn(j)umə/
(pl. sympneumata) [Greek πνεῦμα spirit] a supposed companion spirit, or spiritual bride or bridegroom.
ΘΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > spiritual bride or bridegroom
sympneuma1885
1885 L. Oliphant Sympneumata v. 81 United with a ‘Sympneuma’ free from the gross external covering of outer body.
sympneumatic adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪmpnjuːˈmatɪk/
,
/ˌsɪmpnjᵿˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪmpˌn(j)uˈmædɪk/
of or pertaining to a ‘sympneuma’.
ΘΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [adjective] > of or relating to spiritual bride
sympneumatic1885
1885 L. Oliphant Sympneumata xii. 179 The electric sympneumatic life.
1885 L. Oliphant Sympneumata xiii. 201 The conscious notes echoed from the unconscious sympneumatic depths.
sympneumatism n.
Brit. /sɪmpˈnjuːmətɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /sɪmpˈn(j)uməˌtɪzəm/
the theory of ‘sympneumata’; also, agreement in ‘spirit’, disposition, or mental attitude.
ΘΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > spiritual bride or bridegroom > theory of having
sympneumatism1891
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > fellow feeling > [noun]
pityc1300
consentc1384
fellow-feeling1578
sympathy1662
homopathy1678
identification1840
sympneumatism1891
panpathy1900
feeling1909
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 July 2/2 The sympneumatism between the Times and the ‘Tories' Last Hope’.
1892 Daily News 16 July 5/2 The young lord who is bitten by ‘Sympneumatism’, or the theories of Mr. Laurence Oliphant.
Categories »
sympolar adj.
Brit. /sɪmˈpəʊlə/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈpoʊlər/
Geometry reciprocally polar: said of a pair of polyhedra so related that every face of each corresponds to a summit of the other.
sympolity n.
Brit. /sɪmˈpɒlᵻti/
,
U.S. /sɪmˈpɑlədi/
[Greek συμπολίτης fellow-citizen, after polity n.1] mutual relation of, or a body of, fellow-citizens.
ΘΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > [noun] > opposed to foreigner or visitor > status of > mutual
interpolity1849
sympolity1873
1873 B. Gregory Holy Catholic Church xv. 146 There does arise a new sympolity, a fellow-citizenship of the saints.
symport n.
Brit. /ˈsɪmpɔːt/
,
U.S. /ˈsɪmˌpɔrt/
[after transport n.] Biochemistry flow of two substances through a membrane in the same direction in which the rate is increased by a cooperative effect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > [noun] > diffusion through porous membrane > increased by two cooperating fluids
symport1963
1963 P. Mitchell in Biochem. Soc. Symp. XXII. 148 Over a certain range of concentration, the asymmetry of distribution of the molecules of one substrate across the membrane gives rise to an increased flow of the second substrate in the same direction. We will call this type of coupled movement symport.
1978 Nature 2 Mar. 97/1 There are discussions of algal ion transport and of Na+/organic solute cotransport (symport).
sympresbyter n. (also erroneoussynpresbyter) [ < Greek συμπρεσβύτερος (1 Peter v. 1)] Obsolete a fellow-presbyter, fellow-elder.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > presbyterian > [noun] > kirk-session > member of > fellow
compresbytera1600
sympresbyter1671
co-presbyterc1828
1671 R. Baxter Difference between Power of Magistrates & Church-pastors ii. 35 The Major Vote of his Syn-Presbyters are against it.
a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 280 The same titles, which the Apostles assumed to themselves, they ascribe to their Sympresbyters.
sympsychograph n.
Brit. /ˌsɪm(p)ˈsʌɪkə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf/
,
/ˌsɪm(p)ˈsʌɪkə(ʊ)ɡraf/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪm(p)ˈsaɪkəˌɡræf/
[psychograph n.] an imaginary composite portrait produced by superposition of images of the same object as conceived by different minds.Apparently an isolated use.
Π
1896 D. S. Jordan in Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 601 We are enabled to present a copy of the resultant sympsychograph.
sympsychographer n.
Brit. /ˌsɪm(p)sʌɪˈkɒɡrəfə/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪm(p)ˌsaɪˈkɑɡrəfər/
Π
1896 D. S. Jordan in Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 602 One suggestion was that this was the blind spot on the retina in each of the sympsychographers.
sympsychography n.
Brit. /ˌsɪm(p)sʌɪˈkɒɡrəfi/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪm(p)ˌsaɪˈkɑɡrəfi/
Π
1896 D. S. Jordan in Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 601 From seven ideals, sympathetically combined, the true cat would be developed. This combination is the essence of sympsychography.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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