teakn.

Brit.

/tiːk/, U.S.

/tik/

Forms: 1600s–1700s teke, 1700s teek, tecka, 1700s–1800s teck, tick, 1800s tæk, teake, 1700s– teak.

Etymology: < Portuguese teca (1602–1644 in Yule), < Malayalam tēkka; in Tamil tēkku, Telugu tēku, Tulu tekki, Kannada tēgu, tēga, tēṅgu.

a. A large East Indian tree ( Tectona grandis, N.O. Verbenaceæ), with opposite egg-shaped leaves and panicles of white flowers; more usually, its timber, a dark, heavy, oily wood of great strength and durability, used largely in the construction of ships and railway carriages, and in India also for building houses, and for sleepers, furniture, etc.; distinctively called Indian teak.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > teak

teak1698

teak timber1727

teak-wood1783

teak-oil1968

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian > teak trees

teak1698

teak-tree1801

ben teak1866

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 142 The Sheds here were round, thatch'd, and lined with broad Leaves of Teke (the Timber Ships are built with).

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 178 Teke..is the firmest Wood they have for Building.

1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies x. 174 As to the wood, it is a sort, called teak, to the full as durable as oak.

1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) II. 244 Their ships..of a very strong wood called Teck.

a1785 A. Parsons Trav. (1808) x. 215 This timber and plank are peculiar to India only;..it is called tick.

1793 W. Hodges Trav. India 87 I found the teek, a timber remarkable for its hardness and size.

1811 tr. Niebuhr's Trav. Arabia cliv, in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. X. 216 That excellent wood called Tæk.

1853 F. Wayland Mem. Life Judson I. xi. 413 Large forests of teak have been discovered in the interior [of Burma].

1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 325/1 Indian Teak (Tectona grandis).

b. A fashion shade resembling the colour of teak-wood, a rich reddish brown.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown

russet1422

red-brown?a1450

reddish-brown1530

sorrel1530

mordoré1791

alezan1820

mahogany1822

henna1911

teak1934

1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1971 Vogue 15 Sept. 49 (advt.) Rich autumn colours like wine, mole and teak.

2. Applied, usually with defining words, to other trees which produce strong or durable timber, or otherwise resemble the Indian teak; as African teak n. Oldfieldia africana (N.O. Euphorbiaceæ), or its wood, which is too heavy to be exclusively used in shipbuilding. ben teak n. Lagerstrœmia microcarpa, of tropical Asia; also, a poor quality of teak. teak of New South Wales n. a small tree, Endiandra glauca, N.O. Leguminosæ, the wood of which is fine-grained and dense (Miller Plant-n. 1884). teak of New Zealand n. the puriri n., Vitex littoralis. white teak n. of Queensland, a species of Flindersia, N.O. Meliaceæ. In Australia also applied to Dissilaria baloghioides, N.O. Euphorbiaceæ (Morris Austral Eng.). See also bastard teak n. at bastard n., adj., and adv. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > African

shittima1382

citrus1555

cam-wood1699

jacaranda1753

kokerboom1774

quiver tree1789

geelhout1790

rooihout1790

yellowwood1790

mat-wood1792

assegai1793

assegai tree1793

hardpear1801

rooi els1801

argan1809

beaver-wood1810

mat tree1812

saffraan1819

salie1819

sneezewood1834

African teak1842

hyawaballi1851

sage-wood1854

mvule1858

til1858

yari-yari1858

cannibal stinkwood1859

kiaat1862

knobwood1862

milkwood1862

tryssil1862

sulphur-tree1863

khaya1864

cailcedra1866

flat-crown1868

umzimbeet1870

kuka1882

odum1887

iroko1890

opepe1891

Natal mahogany1904

muhimbi1906

obeche1906

agba1908

makoré1915

afara1920

agboin1920

abura1921

podo1922

afrormosia1923

guarea1936

Mansonia1936

dahoma1955

utile1956

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > teak > types of

African teak1842

ben teak1866

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Australasian

tallow-tree1704

rata1773

rosewood1779

red mahogany1798

ironbark1799

wild orange1802

red gum1803

rewarewa1817

red cedar1818

black-butted gum1820

Huon pine1820

miro1820

oak1821

horoeka1831

hinau1832

maire1832

totara1832

blackbutt1833

marri1833

raspberry jam tree1833

kohekohe1835

puriri1835

tawa1839

hickory1840

whau1840

pukatea1841

titoki1842

butterbush1843

iron gum1844

York gum1846

mangeao1848

myall1848

ironheart1859

lilly-pilly1860

belah1862

flindosa1862

jarrah1866

silky oak1866

teak of New South Wales1866

Tolosa-wood1866

turmeric-tree1866

walking-stick palm1869

tooart1870

queenwood1873

tarairi1873

boree1878

yate1880

axe-breaker1884

bangalay1884

coachwood1884

cudgerie1884

feather-wood1884

forest mahogany1884

maiden's blush1884

swamp mahogany1884

tallow-wood1884

teak of New Zealand1884

wandoo1884

heartwood1885

ivorywood1887

Jimmy Low1887

Burdekin plum1889

corkwood1889

pigeon-berry ash1889

red beech1889

silver beech1889

turnip-wood1891

black bean1895

red bean1895

pinkwood1898

poplar1898

rose mahogany1898

quandong1908

lancewood1910

New Zealand honeysuckle1910

Queensland walnut1919

mahogany gum1944

Australian mahogany1948

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian > teak trees

teak1698

teak-tree1801

ben teak1866

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1217/1 A species of timber called African teak is pretty largely imported..from the west coast of Africa... It is not teak.

1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 663 African Teak, or Oak, is the wood of Oldfieldia africana.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1128 Ben Teak, the wood of Lagerströmia microcarpa; also applied to inferior Teak. New South Wales Teak, Endiandra glauca.

1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. vi. 156 Many a village stood..embowered in the thick shade of tamarind and bombax, teak.

1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 325/1 The leaves of many different trees have been brought to botanists as those of the African teak.

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Vitex littoralis, New Zealand Teak or Puriri-tree.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as teak forest, teak log, teak-oil, teak ship, teak timber, teak-tree, teak-wood; teak-built (in quot. 1847 fig.), teak-lined, teak-panelled, teak-producing, teak-veneered adjs.; teak-oak n. the teak (sense 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > teak

teak1698

teak timber1727

teak-wood1783

teak-oil1968

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [noun] > wooden > of specific wood

teak ship1783

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian > teak trees

teak1698

teak-tree1801

ben teak1866

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [adjective] > other specific tree

aldernOE

ashena1400

terebinthenc1440

elmen1466

yewen1501

Brazil1577

walnut-tree1687

arbuteana1706

white pine1708

mahogany1730

teak-built1835

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring

longeOE

longsomeeOE

long of lifeOE

lastinga1225

cleaving1340

continualc1340

dwellingc1380

long-livinga1382

everlastingc1384

long-duringa1387

long-lasting?a1400

long-liveda1400

broadc1400

permanable?c1422

perseverant?a1425

permanentc1425

perdurable?a1439

continuedc1440

abiding1448

unremoved1455

eternalc1460

long-continued1464

continuing1526

long-enduring1527

enduring1532

immortal1538

diuturn?1541

veterated1547

resiant?1567

stayinga1568

well-wearinga1568

substantive1575

pertinacious1578

extant1581

ceaseless1590

marble1596

of length1597

longeval1598

diuturnal1599

nine-lived1600

chronic1601

unexhausted1602

chronical1604

endurable1607

continuant1610

indeflourishing1610

aged1611

indurant1611

continuatea1616

perennious1628

seculara1631

undiscontinueda1631

continuated1632

untransitory1632

long-spun1633

momently1641

stative1643

outliving1645

constant1653

long-descended1660

voluminousa1661

perduring1664

perdurant1671

livelong1673

perennial1676

longeve1678

consequential1681

unquenched1703

lifelong1746

momentary1755

inveterate1780

stabile1797

persistent1826

unpassing1831

all-time1846

year-long1846

teak-built1847

lengthful1855

long-term1867

long haul1873

sticky1879

week-to-week1879

perenduring1883

long-range1885

longish1889

long-time1902

long run1904

long-life1915

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [adjective] > like hard substance

adamantinea1382

rock-like1595

unmalleable1606

immarbled1641

iron-bound1648

inflexible1698

cast iron1829

teak-built1847

granitic1862

inelastic1867

petrified1870

ossified1901

shatter-proof1936

sclerotic1965

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > undressed trunk or log > types of

butt log1779

upper1877

stave bolt1878

sinker1884

teak log1889

peeler1935

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [adjective] > wood-panelled > specific

teak-lined1896

teak-panelled1968

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > inlaying, etc., in wood > [adjective] > veneered > specific type

oystered1914

oyster1953

teak-veneered1970

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xv. 177 Gundavee.., where good Quantities of Teak Timber are cut.

1783 J. Price Tracts I. 191 Ships..built in India of tekewood, and bound with iron spikes and bolts.

1783 J. Rennell Mem. Map Hindoostan vi. 89 (note) Teek ships of 40 years old and upwards, are no uncommon objects.

1794 Trans. Soc. Arts 12 314 Tickwood plant or Iattee.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 187 During the two last days I had occasionally observed the teak-tree.

1835 J. E. Alexander Sketches in Portugal viii. 179 In May, the fleet of her Most Faithful Majesty consisted of the following ships:—..50, Don Pedro,..Very strong, teak-built.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxii. 333 That teak-built and trim ballad.

1869 E. J. Reed Our Iron-clad Ships ii. 26 In the ‘Bellerophon’, the armour-plating is 6 inches, and the teak backing 10 inches thick.

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants African Teak-tree, Oldfieldia africana.

1889 R. Kipling From Sea to Sea (1899) i. iii. 220 I saw the elephants playing with the teak logs.

1896 Daily News 30 Dec. 6/3 The library at Groote Schuur is a cosy, teak-lined room.

1968 A. Diment Bang Bang Birds vi. 89 We stepped into a small, teak-panelled lift.

1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts 198 For such articles as salad-bowls..teak-oil is used.

1970 Interior Design Dec. 753/3 Small teak-veneered tables.

1979 P. Way Sunrise xv. 157 Two wrought-iron gates, massively reinforced by teak logs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	teak
释义	teakn. Brit. /tiːk/, U.S. /tik/ Forms: 1600s–1700s teke, 1700s teek, tecka, 1700s–1800s teck, tick, 1800s tæk, teake, 1700s– teak. Etymology: < Portuguese teca (1602–1644 in Yule), < Malayalam tēkka; in Tamil tēkku, Telugu tēku, Tulu tekki, Kannada tēgu, tēga, tēṅgu. 1. a. A large East Indian tree ( Tectona grandis, N.O. Verbenaceæ), with opposite egg-shaped leaves and panicles of white flowers; more usually, its timber, a dark, heavy, oily wood of great strength and durability, used largely in the construction of ships and railway carriages, and in India also for building houses, and for sleepers, furniture, etc.; distinctively called Indian teak. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > teak teak1698 teak timber1727 teak-wood1783 teak-oil1968 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian > teak trees teak1698 teak-tree1801 ben teak1866 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 142 The Sheds here were round, thatch'd, and lined with broad Leaves of Teke (the Timber Ships are built with). 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 178 Teke..is the firmest Wood they have for Building. 1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies x. 174 As to the wood, it is a sort, called teak, to the full as durable as oak. 1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) II. 244 Their ships..of a very strong wood called Teck. a1785 A. Parsons Trav. (1808) x. 215 This timber and plank are peculiar to India only;..it is called tick. 1793 W. Hodges Trav. India 87 I found the teek, a timber remarkable for its hardness and size. 1811 tr. Niebuhr's Trav. Arabia cliv, in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. X. 216 That excellent wood called Tæk. 1853 F. Wayland Mem. Life Judson I. xi. 413 Large forests of teak have been discovered in the interior [of Burma]. 1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 325/1 Indian Teak (Tectona grandis). b. A fashion shade resembling the colour of teak-wood, a rich reddish brown. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown russet1422 red-brown?a1450 reddish-brown1530 sorrel1530 mordoré1791 alezan1820 mahogany1822 henna1911 teak1934 1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1971 Vogue 15 Sept. 49 (advt.) Rich autumn colours like wine, mole and teak. 2. Applied, usually with defining words, to other trees which produce strong or durable timber, or otherwise resemble the Indian teak; as African teak n. Oldfieldia africana (N.O. Euphorbiaceæ), or its wood, which is too heavy to be exclusively used in shipbuilding. ben teak n. Lagerstrœmia microcarpa, of tropical Asia; also, a poor quality of teak. teak of New South Wales n. a small tree, Endiandra glauca, N.O. Leguminosæ, the wood of which is fine-grained and dense (Miller Plant-n. 1884). teak of New Zealand n. the puriri n., Vitex littoralis. white teak n. of Queensland, a species of Flindersia, N.O. Meliaceæ. In Australia also applied to Dissilaria baloghioides, N.O. Euphorbiaceæ (Morris Austral Eng.). See also bastard teak n. at bastard n., adj., and adv. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > African shittima1382 citrus1555 cam-wood1699 jacaranda1753 kokerboom1774 quiver tree1789 geelhout1790 rooihout1790 yellowwood1790 mat-wood1792 assegai1793 assegai tree1793 hardpear1801 rooi els1801 argan1809 beaver-wood1810 mat tree1812 saffraan1819 salie1819 sneezewood1834 African teak1842 hyawaballi1851 sage-wood1854 mvule1858 til1858 yari-yari1858 cannibal stinkwood1859 kiaat1862 knobwood1862 milkwood1862 tryssil1862 sulphur-tree1863 khaya1864 cailcedra1866 flat-crown1868 umzimbeet1870 kuka1882 odum1887 iroko1890 opepe1891 Natal mahogany1904 muhimbi1906 obeche1906 agba1908 makoré1915 afara1920 agboin1920 abura1921 podo1922 afrormosia1923 guarea1936 Mansonia1936 dahoma1955 utile1956 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > teak > types of African teak1842 ben teak1866 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Australasian tallow-tree1704 rata1773 rosewood1779 red mahogany1798 ironbark1799 wild orange1802 red gum1803 rewarewa1817 red cedar1818 black-butted gum1820 Huon pine1820 miro1820 oak1821 horoeka1831 hinau1832 maire1832 totara1832 blackbutt1833 marri1833 raspberry jam tree1833 kohekohe1835 puriri1835 tawa1839 hickory1840 whau1840 pukatea1841 titoki1842 butterbush1843 iron gum1844 York gum1846 mangeao1848 myall1848 ironheart1859 lilly-pilly1860 belah1862 flindosa1862 jarrah1866 silky oak1866 teak of New South Wales1866 Tolosa-wood1866 turmeric-tree1866 walking-stick palm1869 tooart1870 queenwood1873 tarairi1873 boree1878 yate1880 axe-breaker1884 bangalay1884 coachwood1884 cudgerie1884 feather-wood1884 forest mahogany1884 maiden's blush1884 swamp mahogany1884 tallow-wood1884 teak of New Zealand1884 wandoo1884 heartwood1885 ivorywood1887 Jimmy Low1887 Burdekin plum1889 corkwood1889 pigeon-berry ash1889 red beech1889 silver beech1889 turnip-wood1891 black bean1895 red bean1895 pinkwood1898 poplar1898 rose mahogany1898 quandong1908 lancewood1910 New Zealand honeysuckle1910 Queensland walnut1919 mahogany gum1944 Australian mahogany1948 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian > teak trees teak1698 teak-tree1801 ben teak1866 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1217/1 A species of timber called African teak is pretty largely imported..from the west coast of Africa... It is not teak. 1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 663 African Teak, or Oak, is the wood of Oldfieldia africana. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1128 Ben Teak, the wood of Lagerströmia microcarpa; also applied to inferior Teak. New South Wales Teak, Endiandra glauca. 1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. vi. 156 Many a village stood..embowered in the thick shade of tamarind and bombax, teak. 1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 325/1 The leaves of many different trees have been brought to botanists as those of the African teak. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Vitex littoralis, New Zealand Teak or Puriri-tree. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as teak forest, teak log, teak-oil, teak ship, teak timber, teak-tree, teak-wood; teak-built (in quot. 1847 fig.), teak-lined, teak-panelled, teak-producing, teak-veneered adjs.; teak-oak n. the teak (sense 1). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > teak teak1698 teak timber1727 teak-wood1783 teak-oil1968 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [noun] > wooden > of specific wood teak ship1783 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian > teak trees teak1698 teak-tree1801 ben teak1866 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [adjective] > other specific tree aldernOE ashena1400 terebinthenc1440 elmen1466 yewen1501 Brazil1577 walnut-tree1687 arbuteana1706 white pine1708 mahogany1730 teak-built1835 the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring longeOE longsomeeOE long of lifeOE lastinga1225 cleaving1340 continualc1340 dwellingc1380 long-livinga1382 everlastingc1384 long-duringa1387 long-lasting?a1400 long-liveda1400 broadc1400 permanable?c1422 perseverant?a1425 permanentc1425 perdurable?a1439 continuedc1440 abiding1448 unremoved1455 eternalc1460 long-continued1464 continuing1526 long-enduring1527 enduring1532 immortal1538 diuturn?1541 veterated1547 resiant?1567 stayinga1568 well-wearinga1568 substantive1575 pertinacious1578 extant1581 ceaseless1590 marble1596 of length1597 longeval1598 diuturnal1599 nine-lived1600 chronic1601 unexhausted1602 chronical1604 endurable1607 continuant1610 indeflourishing1610 aged1611 indurant1611 continuatea1616 perennious1628 seculara1631 undiscontinueda1631 continuated1632 untransitory1632 long-spun1633 momently1641 stative1643 outliving1645 constant1653 long-descended1660 voluminousa1661 perduring1664 perdurant1671 livelong1673 perennial1676 longeve1678 consequential1681 unquenched1703 lifelong1746 momentary1755 inveterate1780 stabile1797 persistent1826 unpassing1831 all-time1846 year-long1846 teak-built1847 lengthful1855 long-term1867 long haul1873 sticky1879 week-to-week1879 perenduring1883 long-range1885 longish1889 long-time1902 long run1904 long-life1915 the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [adjective] > like hard substance adamantinea1382 rock-like1595 unmalleable1606 immarbled1641 iron-bound1648 inflexible1698 cast iron1829 teak-built1847 granitic1862 inelastic1867 petrified1870 ossified1901 shatter-proof1936 sclerotic1965 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > undressed trunk or log > types of butt log1779 upper1877 stave bolt1878 sinker1884 teak log1889 peeler1935 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [adjective] > wood-panelled > specific teak-lined1896 teak-panelled1968 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > inlaying, etc., in wood > [adjective] > veneered > specific type oystered1914 oyster1953 teak-veneered1970 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xv. 177 Gundavee.., where good Quantities of Teak Timber are cut. 1783 J. Price Tracts I. 191 Ships..built in India of tekewood, and bound with iron spikes and bolts. 1783 J. Rennell Mem. Map Hindoostan vi. 89 (note) Teek ships of 40 years old and upwards, are no uncommon objects. 1794 Trans. Soc. Arts 12 314 Tickwood plant or Iattee. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 187 During the two last days I had occasionally observed the teak-tree. 1835 J. E. Alexander Sketches in Portugal viii. 179 In May, the fleet of her Most Faithful Majesty consisted of the following ships:—..50, Don Pedro,..Very strong, teak-built. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxii. 333 That teak-built and trim ballad. 1869 E. J. Reed Our Iron-clad Ships ii. 26 In the ‘Bellerophon’, the armour-plating is 6 inches, and the teak backing 10 inches thick. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants African Teak-tree, Oldfieldia africana. 1889 R. Kipling From Sea to Sea (1899) i. iii. 220 I saw the elephants playing with the teak logs. 1896 Daily News 30 Dec. 6/3 The library at Groote Schuur is a cosy, teak-lined room. 1968 A. Diment Bang Bang Birds vi. 89 We stepped into a small, teak-panelled lift. 1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts 198 For such articles as salad-bowls..teak-oil is used. 1970 Interior Design Dec. 753/3 Small teak-veneered tables. 1979 P. Way Sunrise xv. 157 Two wrought-iron gates, massively reinforced by teak logs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1698
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