thirln.1
/θəːl/ Now dialect.† 3. A small cavity or recess: in quot. a1300 a closet.
1.
a. A hole, bore, perforation; an aperture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun]
holec725
thirla900
eyeOE
opena1200
opening?c1225
overturec1400
overta1425
wideness?c1425
howe1487
hiatus1563
vent1594
apertion1599
ferme1612
notch1615
sluice1648
gape1658
aperture1661
want1664
door1665
hiulcitya1681
to pass through the eye of a needle (also a needle's eye)1720
vista1727
light1776
ope1832
lacuna1872
doughnut hole1886
a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. iii. 272 Þonne is on þæm medmicel þyrel geworht.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xix. 24 Ðerh ðyril nedles.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 113/29 Orificium, ælces kynnes muð vel ðyrl.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 215 He..þe lette makien swicche þurles in him forto huden us in.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 528 Mans hefd has thirls seuen.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. x. 59 A thyrll or aynding stede Of terribyle Pluto.
a1640 T. Jackson Μαραν Αθα (1657) 3698 They could not peck the least hole in the Miter or make the least thirle in the Surpellice, without working [etc.].
1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. (at cited word) Fetch a nail passer and make a thirl through this board.
b. Each of the two holes or orifices of the nose; a nostril: see nose-thirl n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun] > nostril
nasethirleOE
nostrilOE
nesethirla1275
nose-thirla1333
thirla1350
narea1398
thrilla1400
nose-holl?a1425
nose-holec1450
throlla1475
narel1486
snot-hole1648
snuffera1658
snurl1691
naris1693
smeller1854
prenaris1882
a1350 St. Barthol. 89 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 120 His nese es euyn, with thirles small.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xli. 11 Of his nose therlis goth forth smoke.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 29 The flambe owtbrastyng at his neys thyrlys.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxijv With her wyde mouthe and nose thirlles.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Thirl, the orifice of the nose; nose-thirl, alias nostril.
2. An aperture or opening in a wall or the like; e.g. a door or window in a house (obsolete), a sheep-hole in a wall, etc. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [noun]
thirla1050
a1050 Liber Scintill. xxxviii. 140 Hwæt framað þæt ongean feonda searwa eal ceaster byþ gehealden gif an þyrl open byð forlæten.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Ȝef ani..warpe hond towart þe þurch þe clað. ananricht schutteð þe þurlto [a1250 Titus windohe]. & leteð him iwurðen.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 51 Þe carneus of þe castel beoð hire hus þurles.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 204 Huerby þe dieuel geþ in ofte ine þe vif þerles of þe house.
14.. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, lf. 241 (Halliw.) If..alle the thirlles, dores and wyndows ware stokyne that na sone myght enter.
1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 64 Thirl..of common acceptation in the north, for an opening left in moor fences, for sheep to pass to and from the commons adjacent to inclosed grounds.
1905 Eng. Dial. Dict. VI. 94/2 (N. Yorks.) A lot o' sheep..wantin' to go threw a thirl at yance.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] > recessed
thirla1300
pressc1387
pressour1444
presser1503
bow closet1759
a1300 E.E. Psalter civ. [cv.] 30 He forth-broght froskes þe land of þa, In thirles [L. in cubilibus] of þar kinges ma.
4. See quots. and cf. thirling n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
horse-head1747
sollar1778
airway1800
wind-hole1802
bearing door1813
air course1814
downcast shaft1814
upcast shaft (or pit)1816
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
thirl1847
brattice1849
intake1849
run1849
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
return1851
wind-road1860
breakthrough1875
wind-way1875
breast1882
cross-heading1883
skail-door1883
U.C.1883
undercast1883
vent1886
furnace-drift1892
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > passage, shaft, duct, or pipe > in a mine
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
airway1800
wind-hole1802
air course1814
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
air heading1841
thirl1847
run1849
wind-road1860
wind-way1875
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Thurl, a long adit in a coal-pit.
1873 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1871–3 1 304 These would be thurled (cross-cut) at every forty or sixty feet, or at such a distance as the air could be induced to pass the last thurl made.
1899 E. W. Prevost Cumberland Gloss. Thirls, openings made between a pair of exploring places or drifts, for the purpose of ventilation.
5. = thrill n.3 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun]
fever1340
motiona1398
quotidian?a1439
rufflea1535
commotion1581
fret1582
hurry1600
puddering1603
tumultuousnessa1617
trepidation1625
feverishness1638
boilingc1660
fermentationc1660
tumult1663
ferment1672
stickle1681
fuss1705
whirl1707
flurry1710
sweat1715
fluster1728
pucker1740
flutter1741
flustration1747
flutteration1753
tremor1753
swithera1768
twitteration1775
state1781
stew1806
scrow1808
tumultuating1815
flurrification1822
tew1825
purr1842
pirr1856
tête montée1859
go1866
faff1874
poultry flutter1876
palaver1878
thirl1879
razzle-dazzle1885
nervism1887
flurry-scurry1888
fikiness1889
foment1889
dither1891
swivet1892
flusterment1895
tither1896
overwroughtness1923
mania1925
stumer1932
tizzy1935
two and eight1938
snit1939
tizz1953
tiswas1960
wahala1966
1879 J. White Jottings 226 Yer sang..gied me a thirl.
1897 W. Beatty Secretar xlii. 343 ‘I kend that’, she said with a thirl of gladness in the words.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
thirln.2
/θəːl/, U.S. /θərl/, Scottish English /θɪrl/ Scottish.
1. (a) Astriction (usually to a particular mill; in quot. 1564 to a smithy): see thirlage n. 2. (b) The duty and liability of tenants in thirlage. (c) The astricted lands or district, = sucken n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > obligations of tenants
thirl1564
thirlage1681
society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > obligations of tenants > to use smithy
thirl1564
society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > obligations of tenants > to have corn ground at particular mill
sokenc1386
sucken1423
suitc1460
suit dutyc1460
thirl1564
astriction1619
suckening1636
society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > obligations of tenants > to have corn ground at particular mill > land astricted to mill
thirl1564
sucken1757
1564 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1586) 301/2 Cum astrictione fabricandi ferrum infra terras suas de Angus (the haille thirle of the irne werk of oure landis of Angus usit and wont).
1582 in J. Anderson Cal. Laing Charters (1899) 258 In primis, The thyrile, the haile toun..to haif twa chaldyr of schilling.
1582 in J. Anderson Cal. Laing Charters (1899) 259 This is the just thyrll that we fermoraris of Crummy aw to our mile.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. xvii. §19. 351 A Clause of thirlage granted by a Town to a Miln..found to be extended to all Corns Kilned or Steeped within the Thirle.
a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 276 That the building a mill within his thirle could be interpreted to be done with no other design but in aemulationem vicini.
1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. I. ii. ix. §20 The astricted lands are called the thirl, or the sucken; and the persons subjected to the astriction get the name of suckeners.
1821 W. Scott Pirate I. xi. 264 Plaguing themselves about baron's mills, and thirls.
2. A bondsman, a thrall. rare.
ΚΠ
1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew lxxix. 11 Lat the sigh o' the weary thirl win ben afore yer sight.
Compounds
thirl-band n. chain or bond of servitude.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun]
theowdomc893
thralshipc1200
thraldomc1275
thrallhead1297
servagec1300
thrall14..
bondage1330
dangera1375
servicea1382
servitutea1393
thaneheada1400
thrillagec1400
serviturea1422
servitudec1425
thrildomc1480
thirldom1489
thirlage1513
servilityc1530
slavedom1562
serviceage1594
bondmanship1611
bond-service1611
slaverya1616
slavishnessa1620
bond slavery1835
chattelship1857
chattelhood1871
thirl-band1871
thirl-service-
1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew ii. 3 Lat's rive their thirlbans syndry.
thirl-folk n. bondmen.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > collectively
string1744
stock1828
slaveage1831
slave-class1840
thirl-folk1871
thrall-folk1887
1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew lxxxix. 50 O Lord, hae min' o' yer thirlfolk's pine.
thirl-man n. bondman, serf.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave
theowc893
thrallc950
young manOE
slavec1290
boyc1300
servanta1325
bondc1330
bondmana1340
manciplea1387
man's-bond?a1400
thrillc1480
thrillmanc1480
serf1483
bondservant1535
bondslave1561
bondling1587
slave-boy1607
slave-labourer1607
chattel1649
bondsman1713
livestock1755
esne1819
thirl-man1871
task-labourer1897
1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew lxxviii. 70 He lightit on David his thirlman.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
thirl-service n. (see thirl v.2 2).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
thirladj.
/θəːl/, U.S. /θərl/, Scottish English /θɪrl/ Scottish.
Bound in thirlage to.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage
theowc888
thrall1297
bond1330
unfreec1380
servile1447
boundenc1480
thralled1527
bound1532
thirl1582
enthralled?1587
slaved1639
beslaved1656
enslaved1667
bondaged1790
unemancipated1811
1582 in J. Anderson Cal. Laing Charters (1899) 258 Ouir mile that we ar thyrll to.
1897 ‘S. Tytler’ Witch-wife vi. 82 Malt and meal from the mill to which he was ‘bound thirl’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
thirlv.1
/θəːl/ Obsolete exc. dialect and local.† 2. transferred. To pass right through, penetrate, traverse (anything). Obsolete.† 3. To make a hole in (the earth); to excavate.† 5. intransitive or absol. To pierce, penetrate (as a sharp instrument). Also figurative. Obsolete.† 6. intransitive. To pass through or penetrate (into or to a place or thing). Obsolete.
1. † b. With the weapon or instrument as object.† d. To fix with a nail or the like; to transfix.
a. transitive. To pierce, to run through or into (a body) as a sharp-pointed instrument does; to pierce (anything) with such an instrument; to bore a hole in or through; to perforate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate
through-shooteOE
borec1000
thirlc1000
through-boreOE
piercec1330
wimblec1440
entera1500
perforate1538
foraminate1599
terebrate1623
drilla1657
forate1657
pertund1657
perviate1657
drill1674
transforate1727
tirl1825
c1000 Ælfric Exodus xxi. 6 Þirlie his eare mid anum æle.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2266 Þer wes moni breoste mid brade spere i-þurlud [c1300 Otho iþorled].
c1320 Cast. Love 1151 He lette boþe þurlen his feet and honden.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 397 I-bored and i-þrulled [v.rr. yþirled, yþurled] wiþ meny smale holes.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) xviii. cvi These wormes beþ icleped Terodenes for þey þorleþ & eteþ trees.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1850 Namely oon That wt a Spere was thirled his brest boon.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 925 They thurle a nutte, and stuffe hit so withynne With brymstoon, chaf, and cedria, this thre.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria ix. f. 108 Boxen pypes be lyghtlyer tyrld through, or made holowe: than yuery pypis.
1578 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 127 Remember the speir that thirlit my hart.
1674 J. Ray N. Country Words To Thirl, to bore a hole.
1818 Hist. Picts in Miscellanea Scotica I. 118 Being Thirled or pierced in many places.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Thirl, to pierce, to perforate.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Thirl, Thurl, to bore through.
ΚΠ
a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 41 A spere in to his syde was therled of a knyȝt.
a1400 Stac. Rome 568 There is..A thorne thyrlyd in crystis hed, when he suffyrde for us.
c. To make (a hole) by piercing, to bore. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > by boring, piercing, or perforating
piercec1392
bore?1523
drive?a1525
thirl1609
drill1669
perforate1777
stick1834
puncture1851
sieve1875
pin1897
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxiv. ii. 244 The forcible and violent push of the Ram had thirled an hole through a corner-tower.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed > transfix
through-driveOE
through-nimc1275
stickc1330
through-piercec1330
to stick througha1382
preenc1390
spitc1430
thirlc1450
broacha1470
prickc1475
to stick up1528
transfix1590
fix1638
bestick1667
impalea1678
spiculate1835
skewer1837
to strike through1893
c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 2506 Thai..thirlid thaym to the crosse with one naille cruwelly.
e. figurative. To ‘pierce’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > affect intensely [verb (transitive)]
thirlc1315
piercec1390
thrilla1400
strikec1475
throb1600
penetratea1616
heart-strikea1637
transfix1649
sink1771
shoot1842
c1315 Shoreham iv. 194 Hy beþ men,..Wyþ sennes al þorȝ-þerled.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xliv. 7 Þi wordis ere sharpe þat thirlis mennys thoghtis.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 394 The pytuous payn so sor thyrllyt his thocht.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xviii. 34 Throw langour of my sueit So thirlit is my spreit.
1755 R. Forbes tr. Ovid Ajax his Speech (new ed.) 12 Fare now thy granes in dowy dens The yerd-fast stanes do thirle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > penetrate
thirlc1175
delve?c1225
piercec1325
entera1500
penetrate1530
search1594
job1603
breaka1616
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 85 Þet corn þet þurleð þe wind, þet smal chef þet flið forð mid þe winde.
a1350 Peter & Paul 492 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 70 Goddes sun now hardily es he; He thyrles heuyn.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. xv. 47/2 The prayer of hym that loweth hym in his prayer thyrleth the clowdes.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Fijv The Meri otherwyse called Ysophagus..commeth out of the throte and thyrleth the mydryfe vnto ye bely or stomacke.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xiv. 1 Rycht as þe glass bene thirlit thrut wt bemis Off Phebus..visage bricht.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > dig or burrow
diga1425
thirl1577
delve1727
burrow1771
bury1841
mole1856
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 201/32 Cauantur, euacuantur, þyrliaþ.
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 5/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The toad..began to thyrle, and as it were to dig the earth, where findyng an hole, it sluncke away.
4. spec. Coal Mining. To cut through (a wall of coal, etc.). Also absol. or intransitive.
ΚΠ
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 148 Between the wallings there were ribbs left, and passages through them called thurlings.
1797 Encycl. Brit. V. 101/1 The workings called rooms, turned off at right angles from the others,..the workings called throughers or thirlings, 9 feet wide, wrought through at right angles from one room to another.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 987 The stenting walls 6 or 8 yards thick,..are holed or thirled at such a distance as may be most suitable for the state of the air.
1873 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1871–3 1 304 These would be thurled (cross-cut) at every forty or sixty feet, or at such a distance as the air could be induced to pass the last thurl made.
1881 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Suppl. (at cited word) We'n thirled out o' our Top-end into Smith's Level to-day.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Thirl,..to cut away the last web of coals, etc., separating two headings or other workings.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > become or make perforated [verb (intransitive)] > make (a) hole(s) > with something sharp > as a sharp instrument
biteOE
rivec1275
piercea1325
thringc1330
soundc1374
thirlc1374
lancec1400
racea1420
entail1590
empierce1797
stab1897
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 214 So thirlleþe with þe poynt of Rememberaunce Þe swerde of sorowe.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) viii. xxviii Light is a bodilich substaunce..moste meuable and passinglich þorling.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. xix Þis moneth [November] for his coldenes þorleþ inward and greueþ bodies wele sore.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. viii. 114 Quhill throu the cost thyrlit the deidly pryk.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xvii. 26 A wofull wyfly cry Went to the starnys and thyrlyt throw the sky.
a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xv. 26 Ten thousand dairts..Thirlis throu my hevy hart.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > penetrate
wade993
smitec1275
reachc1300
piercea1325
sinkc1330
enterc1350
soundc1374
thirl1398
racea1420
takea1425
penetrate1530
penetre?1533
ransack1562
strike1569
thread1670
raze1677
perforate1769
spit1850
riddle1856
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS.) (1495) iv. ii Þat oon abideþ with blood, and þurleþ þerwith in to þe membris.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) v. v For þe spirite of siȝt may not þurle and come þereto, for þe lette þat is bitwene.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21098 Fast he soght þat estrin thede, And thirlid intil haiþen-hede.
1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iii. f. 1v The percing dart..Wheras the ioynts doo knit the backe, it thirled through the skin.
7. = thrill v.1 in various constructions. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect the emotions [verb (intransitive)] > produce sudden emotion
thrill1599
thirl1725
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > affect by sudden emotion
pang1613
thrilla1616
thirl1725
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii His words they thirle like music thro' my heart.
1786 R. Burns Poems 196 It thirl'd the heart-strings thro' the breast, A' to the life.
?1840 Anderson's Cumberland Ballads (new ed.) 60/1 A single luik will thirl ye thro; A single word ensnare ye!
1868 J. Salmon Gowodean i. iv. 27 Yon roof-tree, which had sae often dirled As Willie's gladsome voice around it thirled.
Derivatives
thirled adj.1 pierced, perforated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [adjective] > having (a) hole(s) > bored, pierced, or perforated
thirledc1200
perforate?a1425
bored1553
wimbled1582
through-bored1597
perforated1598
foraminated1599
punched1653
thoroughfared1662
prepunched1940
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 199 Neddre..cumeð to ane þurlede ston, and criepeð nedlinge þureh nerewe hole, and bileueð hire hude baften hire.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxcvi. 1090 Zedoarium is..scharp in sauour and nouȝt yþurled [1495 de Worde not thyrllyd nother hoolyd].
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 821 Their nasis thorlid wide and patent be.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xviii. 26 My thirlit hairt dois bleid.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 387 And now the pipes of thyrled box On every side resound.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
thirlv.2
/θəːl/, U.S. /θərl/, Scottish English /θɪrl/ Chiefly Scottish.† 1. † b. To subject or bind to some condition. Obsolete.† 3. To mortgage (land, etc.). Obsolete.
a. transitive. To reduce to or hold in bondage or servitude; to enslave (a person, country, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > be slave of [verb (transitive)] > enslave
thrallc1275
thrall?a1366
tie1390
enthral1447
thrillc1485
mancipate1533
thirl1535
esclavish1583
bethrall1596
slave1602
embondage1607
bondage1611
enfetter1611
servilize1619
emancipate1629
beslave1634
enslave1656
bond1835
asservilize1877
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 538 This land..wes thirlit and ouirthrawin Be this tirrane that now is laitlie deid.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. xv. f. 36/2 Yat daye behuffit thay othir to recouer thair liberte, or ellis be thirlit to perpetual seruitude.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 35 Father gif me my part of geir,..I will na mair be thirlit heir.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > modify, qualify [verb (transitive)] > without escape
bind?c1225
thirlc1540
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boethius Cosmogr. i, in Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Avjv All thyngis (quhilkis ar comprehendit within the speir of the mone) ar sa thirlit to deith & alteration, yt[etc.].
1586 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. IV. 102 To..thirll him to the pament of certane ministeris stipendis to be modifeit be thame.
2. figurative.1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 428/2 Earnest-money given by the Church, in sign that he has thirled himself to her mill.
a. Scots Law. To bind or astrict (lands or tenants) to a servitude, esp. to a particular mill (usually that of the landlord or superior) for the grinding of their corn: see thirlage n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal obligation > put under legal obligation [verb (transitive)] > bind tenant or land to particular mill
thrill1480
thirl1574
1480 Act. Dom. Conc. (1839) 70/2 Þt þe said Robert..sall be na maner of way thrill þa landis bot deliuer þaim fre as said is.]
1574 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 384 Quhilk haill lordschip is thirlit to the mylne of Mabroule.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem i. 113 No..Fermour may thirle his Lord of his frie tenement, althought he within his time haue done thirle seruice [L. seruicium]..not aught be him... For the law sayes, that the deedes of the Fermour may not thirle, nor make prejudice to his Lords right.
1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. I. ii. ix. §21 Thirlage..may be constituted..by the proprietor thirling his tenants to his own mill.
1805 G. Barry Hist. Orkney iii. iii. 351 Mills, to which almost all the lands are thirled or astricted.
b. with the corn as object.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal obligation > put under legal obligation [verb (transitive)] > bind tenant or land to particular mill > bind (corn) to a particular mill
thirl1881
1881 J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde v. 115 On the other part, Robert Haig [in contract of 1592]..‘thirles’ the whole of the corns of the lands of Bemersyde to the mill of Dryburgh,..the said corns to be thirled for all time coming.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > legal security [verb (transitive)] > mortgage
wadsetc1330
to lay in (also to) mortgagea1393
to set to mortgagea1393
mortgage1469
gage1474
engage1525
immortgage1575
thirl1582
impignoratea1639
hypothecate1693
1582 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 521 Thay..have spendit and warit thair commoun gude and rentis that the samin ar yit thirlit and not fre.
1582–3 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. 554 His saidis landes..wilbe altogither thirlit and engadgit.
1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 170 They have thirllit ane uthir parte of thair commoun gude.
4.
a. To bind or oblige (a person) to give his work, service, or custom to one particular party.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state
needeOE
driveOE
strainc1374
halec1400
plunge?c1400
thrust14..
pulla1425
put1425
compel1541
violent?1551
forcec1592
necessitate1629
oblige1632
dragoon1689
press1733
coercea1853
thirl1871
steamroller1959
arm-twist1964
1871 A. S. Harvey in Good Words 12 614 Till this account is cleared off, the hapless knitter is hopelessly bound or ‘thirled’ to the merchant.
1890 ‘H. Haliburton’ In Sc. Fields 125 The inhabitants were not, of course, ‘thirled’ to any particular tailor, as they used to be to a district mill.
b. figurative. To bind, confine, or restrict in service or action to (some party or thing); to tie to.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > restrict or limit [verb (transitive)] > to something
tinec1430
naila1522
conclude1548
astrict1588
to keep to ——1698
pin1718
thirl1864
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > restrict or limit [verb (transitive)] > to or within something
tinec1430
naila1522
restrict1535
conclude1548
strait1581
astrict1588
retract1713
pin1718
thirl1864
1864 W. Arnot Parables Our Lord (1874) iv. 119 The serpent, as a metaphor, was in practice as completely thirled to the indication of evil, as leaven had been.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxix. 39 Great is their [sc. religious journals'] power, because they are deemed to be less ‘thirled’ to a party or leader, because they speak from a moral standpoint.
1902 Union Mag. June 246/2 We don't ‘thirl’ ourselves enough to our duties.
1903 W. Dickie Christian Ethics Social Life 18 God does not encourage us to be thirled to this world and its material things.
Derivatives
thirled adj.2 /θɜːld/ bound in servitude, service, or duty.
/θɜːld/ bound in servitude, service, or duty.ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [adjective] > bound to a master
masterfast1469
thirled1567
society > law > legal obligation > [adjective] > under obligation
attendant1393
obligate?a1475
obliged1596
thirleda1722
obligated1740
duty-bound1908
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 59 Till Christ..I gif my thirlit hart in gouernance.
a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 276 The defender ought not to have built a mill upon the thirled lands.
1898 S. R. Crockett Standard Bearer iv. 36 As a thirled labourer serves for his meat.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† thirlv.3
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To hurl (a missile, etc.), esp. with spinning or revolving motion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > a missile or projectile > with whirling or skimming motion
thirl1587
skeer1636
twirl1646
skirra1652
squirr1710
squirry1825
1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (1610) 477 These..who deem'd themselues in skies to dwell, She [Fortune] thirleth downe to dread the gulfes of gastly hell.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. iv. 9 On whom a Moore hath thirl'd his slinged speare.
2. intransitive. To pass or fly with darting or spinning motion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > move in the air [verb (intransitive)] > with whirling or darting motion
thirl1567
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) viii. f. 98v He tooke the Chaplet from hir head, and vp to Heauen it threw. The Chaplet thirled through the Aire [L. (l. 179) tenues volat illa per auras]: and as it gliding flew [etc.].
1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 22 Where thou with thy nymble arme a thyrling Launce dost cast.
a1593 C. Marlowe Hero & Leander (1598) i. 108 Nor that night-wandering, pale, and watery star (When yawning dragons draw her [Diana's] thirling car From Latmus' mount up to the gloomy sky).
3. transitive. To whirl, twirl, roll or wind round.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (transitive)] > twirl
thwerl1490
snoove1513
thirl1582
twirla1640
drill1681
trundlea1756
twizzle1788
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 35 [The adder] hym self now youthfulye bleacheth, His tayle smoog thirling, slyke breast to Titan vpheauing [L. Lubrica convolvit sublato pectore terga].
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller (new ed.) sig. Cv Like a countrie huswiues banskin, which she thirles [(ed. 1) fastens] hir spindle on.
Derivatives
thirled adj.3
ΚΠ
1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams sig. C ijv First shall you see the shiuering shafts and vewe the thirled darts.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xlviii. 157 With monstrous buzzing came a fire-dart thirled, As if a thunder-bolt had there beene whirled.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
† thirlv.4
Scottish. Obsolete.
transitive. = furl v. 1.
ΚΠ
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Tak in ȝour top salis, and thirl them.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 328 [We] thirle our Sailes, if Pirats but appeare.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
<
n.1a900n.21564
adj.1582v.1a1000v.21535v.31567v.4c1550- pay forfeit
- pay freeze
- pay gap
- pay grade
- pay gravel
- pay ground
- pay hike
- pay homage
- pay home
- pay hospital
- pay in
- pay increase
- pay its way
- pay lip service
- pay list
- pay mind
- pay nature her due
- pay negotiation
- pay neither scot nor lot
- pay night
- pay no nevermind
- pay obeisance
- pay obeisance to
- pay off
- pay off old scores