thrashn.

Brit.

/θraʃ/, U.S.

/θræʃ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: thrash v.

Etymology: < thrash v. Compare earlier thresh n.¹

†a. Perhaps: an implement used for threshing a crop; a flail. Cf. thrash v. I., threshel n. 1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1669 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown iii. 61 That the Cart, the Plow, the Thrash should be in that continual severity laid upon nineteen parts of the Land, to feed the inordinate lusts and delicious appetites of the twentieth.

b. Irish English. Threshed grain, straw; spec. straw, husks, etc., left scattered over a field after harvesting and threshing a crop. Cf. thresh n.¹ 1. rare.

ΚΠ

1732 Advantages to Ireland of Raising Flax (Dublin Soc.) 18 When you have thus Thrash'd your Bowles, you are then to separate the Seed from the Thrash and Bowles with Sieves.

2021 Irish Independent (Nexis) 9 Mar. 25 If direct drilling is the chosen method it is crucial that one bag of granular lime is spread per acre to correct the ph from the thrash on top of the ground.

a. The action or an act of thrashing (in various senses of thrash v.); esp. a vigorous blow or stroke; a wild or violent movement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > a stroke or blow

dintc897

swengOE

shutec1000

kill?c1225

swipc1275

stroke1297

dentc1325

touchc1325

knock1377

knalc1380

swapc1384

woundc1384

smitinga1398

lush?a1400

sowa1400

swaipa1400

wapc1400

smita1425

popc1425

rumbelowc1425

hitc1450

clope1481

rimmel1487

blow1488

dinga1500

quartera1500

ruska1500

tucka1500

recounterc1515

palta1522

nolpc1540

swoop1544

push1561

smot1566

veny1578

remnant1580

venue1591

cuff1610

poltc1610

dust1611

tank1686

devel1787

dunching1789

flack1823

swinge1823

looder1825

thrash1840

dolk1861

thresh1863

mace-blow1879

pulsation1891

nosebleeder1921

slosh1936

smackeroo1942

dab-

1840 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg ii, in New Monthly Mag. 60 258 Tories love to worry the Whigs,..Giving them lashes, thrashes, and digs.

1899 W. C. Russell Rose Island xi. 198 The thrash of the propeller.

1906 Outlook 20 Oct. 511/2 A thrash of rain.

1956 T. I. Thompson Pop. Handbk. Swimming 8 Richard Cavill..at the turn of this century introduced the vertical thrash of the legs and combined it with the overarm action in the stroke which was the basis of the modern crawl.

1994 R.J. Waller Old Songs in New Café 13 I have stared off midnight balconies in deep Asia, watching dhows older than me tug at the moorings and long for the thrash of coastal waters.

2005 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 17 July (Final ed.) (Pasco section) 14 A second later the fish disappeared, a single thrash of his tail sending him on his way.

†b. figurative. with a thrash: very quickly; at once. Cf. at a blow at blow n.¹ 4a, at a stroke at stroke n.¹ 2e. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [phrase] > instantaneously

as thou turnest thine handc1225

at a brusha1400

at one (also a) bruntc1450

with a whisk1487

with a whip Sir John1550

in the turn (also turning) of a hand1564

with or at a wink1585

at a blowa1616

in a wink1693

at a stroke1709

in or wi' a whid1719

in the trip of a minute1728

with a thrash1870

the twinkling of a bedpost1871

in a whisk1900

in jig-time1916

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [noun] > sudden > a sudden dart

startc1330

gird1545

whip1550

shoota1596

whippeta1603

snap1631

jet1647

flirt1666

whid1719

dart1721

spout1787

with a thrash1870

sprit1880

divea1897

1870 J. K. Hunter Life Stud. Char. xxxv. 235 I appeared in the court in Edinburgh wi' a thrash, and had the case settled in a jiffy.

3. Nautical. An act or instance of sailing a vessel against strong wind, waves, etc. Cf. thrash v. 6.In later use frequently in the context of yacht racing (cf. sense 6).

ΚΠ

1866 Sporting Mag. Nov. 350 It is one of the prettiest evolutions at sea, after a thrash to windward, to ease away and run spinning through the sea at her greatest speed.

1920 Sci. Amer. 7 Aug. 120/1 The seas were so short that in a thrash to the outer mark, these fast moving boats would be heavily punished.

1977 Cruising World May 60/1 A thrash across the Gulf Stream in 30- to 40-knot winds and wickedly steep seas is a stern test of stamina.

1994 F. Stokes Mooneshine Logs 70 A racer would not want to find himself seriously east of Kitchen Shoals facing a hard thrash to the finish.

4. British colloquial. A party, esp. one that is lavish, large, and noisy.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > lavish

drum majorc1743

thrash1957

1957 G. Smith Friends 120 I think he stole away to London for an occasional thrash when it got too much for him, but in general he was a model pupil.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Feb. 131/3 Staggering..from his sick-bed to play host at an enormous black-tie thrash at a Belgravia mansion borrowed for the night.

1980 C. Matthew Loosely Engaged 17 Occasionally someone throws a thrash, but most of the time we just bomb round to Wedgies..and have a bit of a giggle.

2013 G. Seymour Corporal's Wife xiii. 270 During the frostiest days of the Cold War, it was still possible to meet KGB and foreign ministry Soviets at a May Day knees-up or a Queen's Birthday thrash.

a. A short, energetic, usually uncomplicated piece or passage of (esp. jazz or rock) music, esp. one that is very fast and loud.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > other pop music

a cappella1905

soundclash1925

marabi1933

doo-wop1958

filk1959

folk-rock1963

Liverpool sound1963

Mersey beat1963

Mersey sound1963

surf music1963

malombo1964

mbaqanga1964

easy listening1965

disco music1966

Motown1966

boogaloo1967

power pop1967

psychedelia1967

yé-yé1967

agitpop1968

bubblegum1968

Tamla Motown1968

Tex-Mex1968

downtempo1969

taarab1969

thrash1969

world music1969

funk1970

MOR1970

tropicalism1970

Afrobeat1971

electro-pop1971

post-rock1971

techno-pop1971

Tropicalia1971

tropicalismo1971

disco1972

Krautrock1972

schlager1973

Afropop1974

punk funk1974

disco funk1975

Europop1976

mgqashiyo1976

P-funk1976

funkadelia1977

karaoke music1977

alternative music1978

hardcore1978

psychobilly1978

punkabilly1978

R&B1978

cowpunk1979

dangdut1979

hip-hop1979

Northern Soul1979

rap1979

rapping1979

jit1980

trance1980

benga1981

New Romanticism1981

post-punk1981

rap music1981

scratch1982

scratch-music1982

synth-pop1982

electro1983

garage1983

Latin1983

Philly1983

New Age1984

New Age music1985

ambient1986

Britpop1986

gangster rap1986

house1986

house music1986

mbalax1986

rai1986

trot1986

zouk1986

bhangra1987

garage1987

hip-house1987

new school1987

old school1987

thrashcore1987

acid1988

acid house1988

acid jazz1988

ambience1988

Cantopop1988

dance1988

deep house1988

industrial1988

swingbeat1988

techno1988

dream pop1989

gangsta rap1989

multiculti1989

new jack swing1989

noise-pop1989

rave1989

Tejano1989

breakbeat1990

chill-out music1990

indie1990

new jack1990

new jill swing1990

noisecore1990

baggy1991

drum and bass1991

gangsta1991

handbag house1991

hip-pop1991

loungecore1991

psychedelic trance1991

shoegazing1991

slowcore1991

techno-house1991

gabba1992

jungle1992

sadcore1992

UK garage1992

darkcore1993

dark side1993

electronica1993

G-funk1993

sampladelia1994

trip hop1994

break1996

psy-trance1996

nu skool1997

folktronica1999

dubstep2002

Bongo Flava2003

grime2003

Bongo2004

singeli2015

1969 Punch 12 Feb. 245/3 Brian Davies then appeared..to indulge in what was announced as free form improvisation and turned out to be a vaguely modal thrash headed by Lynn Dobson on flute and soprano saxophone.

1986 Radio Times 20 Dec. 155/3 When he toured in 1978, audiences were astounded to hear his early folk ramble ‘Masters of war’ reworked as a heavy rock thrash.

1989 Melody Maker 25 Nov. 19/1 What I don't get is why The Pastels are still struggling to get to grips with the most basic of three-cord thrashes.

2013 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Jan. There are just four tracks, characterised by long, organ-like drones,..flurries turning to free-jazz thrashes and resolving as gentle murmurs, and big, riff-like exchanges.

b. A style of rock music combining elements of heavy metal and punk rock, having a fast tempo, an aggressive, driving beat, and a harsh sound; = thrash metal n. at Compounds 2.Recorded earliest in thrash band at Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > heavy metal > types of

black metal1982

thrash1982

death metal1984

metal1984

thrash metal1984

1982 Daily Bruin (UCLA) 21 Apr. 27/1 TSOL..were originally among the fastest of the ‘thrash’ bands in Los Angeles.

1982 N.Y. Times 11 Aug. c19/2 A year ago they were pop-music underdogs, an all-woman band with roots in the anarchic thrash of the Los Angeles punk-rock scene.

1989 Q Dec. 117/5 The Cro-Mags marry a devotion to the teachings of Krishna with the slamming thuggery and metal-etched guitar proselytising of thrash.

2005 Metal Hammer Dec. 92/4 ‘Rats, Snakes And Thieves’ is as good a curtain raiser as you can get, a chainsaw assault of thrash, hardcore and in-your-face Slayerisms.

6. Originally and chiefly British.

a. A fast, hard ride in a car or other vehicle. Cf. thrash v. 7.

ΚΠ

1969 Daily Tel. 27 June 18/6 As this [trip] involved a ‘thrash’ down the M4, I inquired of the driver what type of safety belts were used in the car at my disposal.

1995 Face Jan. 12 You get coffee, lunch, a driving lesson and a thrash over ten acres of humps and bumps at the control of a Chieftain, an armoured personnel carrier and a Bombardier Snowcat.

1999 Student Times 2 Oct. 18/1 We have regular cycle runs, twice weekly... Meets generally involve a thrash in the woods, followed by a stint in the pub.

2017 Northern Echo (Nexis) 26 Oct. The No 34 [bus] from Richmond to Darlington..ambles through numerous villages around Scorton before a final thrash up the motorway.

b. A fast, aggressively driven motor race.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > motor racing > [noun] > other motor-driving events

trial1926

roadeo1940

demolition derby1950

slalom1965

gymkhana1966

thrash1972

1972 Motor Sport Sept. 992/1 Longest thrash was the 15-lap Allcomers, in which Wilks' Lotus 16 provided the only challenge to Corner's ex-Lucas Maserati 250F.

1976 Milton Keynes Express 25 June 50/6 Tony Strawson won the Esso Uniflo Special Saloon thrash in his V8-engined Capri.

1986 Road Sport Aug. 14/1 Seventy five crews assembled in Richmond town square to tackle the 120 mile thrash on maps 92, 93, 98 and 99.

2000 Jrnl. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 4 Oct. There were two shorter stages after Dalby and then a 20-mile thrash through Langdale Forest.

Compounds

C1. General use as a modifier (in sense 5b), as in thrash album, thrash band, etc.

ΚΠ

1982 Daily Bruin (UCLA) 21 Apr. 27/1 TSOL..were originally among the fastest of the ‘thrash’ bands in Los Angeles.

1994 i-D Oct. 107/1 Loud and distorted queercore indie and thrash night with seriously wicked live bands.

2000 Out Mar. 140/3 Tribe 8..broke a sound barrier as the first thrash act to play the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival.

2020 Guardian (Nexis) 26 Aug. One of the most perfect thrash albums to be released since the 1980s heyday.

C2.

thrash metal n. [after heavy metal n. at heavy adj.¹ 20d] a style of rock music combining elements of heavy metal and punk rock, having a fast tempo, an aggressive, driving beat, and a harsh sound; cf. sense 5b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > heavy metal > types of

black metal1982

thrash1982

death metal1984

metal1984

thrash metal1984

1984 Kerrang! 23 Feb. 8/2 They [sc. Anthrax] should've stayed well clear of the Alice Cooper song, ‘I'm Eighteen’, as it doesn't suit their style of Thrash Metal at all.

1987 Guardian 20 Mar. 19/3 The success of the likes of Metallica and Anthrax suggests that thrash metal is about to find itself in a conundrum, coping with commercial success born from a noise designed to outrage.

2001 Carve Sept. 84 Down in the mosh pit, long-haired Aussies leapt around trying to split lips and break noses as thrash metal belted out of the speakers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).

thrashv.

Brit.

/θraʃ/, U.S.

/θræʃ/

Forms: 1. Present stem. Middle English thraisshe, Middle English þraisshe, Middle English þrasche, Middle English–1500s thrasshe, 1500s thrashe, 1500s– thrash; English regional (south-western) 1700s– drash, 1800s draish, 1800s drashy; Scottish pre-1700 thrache, pre-1700 thrasch, pre-1700 1700s– thrash, 1900s– thrach (Lanarkshire), 1900s– trash (Orkney and Aberdeenshire); N.E.D. (1912) also records a form late Middle English thrassh. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. Scottish pre-1700 threwsche, pre-1700 thrusche, pre-1700 trewshe, 1700s–1800s thrush, 1800s threush, 1800s– throosh, 1800s– thruish, 1800s– treush (Orkney), 1900s troosh (Orkney), 1900s– threesh (north-eastern), 1900s– trüsh (Shetland). b. Weak. 1600s– thrashed; English regional (south-western) 1800s drash'd, 1800s drashed; also Scottish 1900s– thrasht. 3. Past participle. a. Strong.

α. 1600s (English regional (Cheshire)) 1800s (archaic) thrashen; Scottish pre-1700 thraschin, pre-1700 thrashin, pre-1700 thrashine, pre-1700 1700s– thrashen, 1700s thrasun (in a representation of Highland English).

β. Scottish pre-1700 thruschine, 1800s throoshen, 1800s thrushen, 1900s thruishen; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s thrushen.

b. Weak. 1500s– thrasht (now chiefly regional), 1600s– thrashed, 1800s thrash't (Scottish).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: thresh v.

Etymology: Originally (and still in branch I.) a variant of thresh v., now usually distinguished in form in branches II. and III.Unlike other variants of thresh v. (see discussion at that entry), the form type thrash seems not to have arisen by levelling from other stem forms of the strong verb (and does not reflect the Northumbrian Old English forms at thresh v. Forms 1β. ), but rather developed from the original form type thresh by a sporadic lowering of e to a (compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §59 note 2(b)); it is first attested in the second half of the 14th cent., but remains rare until the 16th cent. The form thrash came into literary use in the late 16th cent., and became established in the 17th cent., especially in the sense ‘to beat, strike, inflict blows on’ and related senses, for which it is now the ordinary form in the standard language (see branches II. and III.), while the original form thresh (see thresh v.) is still largely retained in senses relating to separating the grain of corn or other crops from the husk and straw (compare branch I.), in which thrash remains a regional variant. In this way, to thresh (corn) and to thrash (an offender or an opponent) became to a considerable extent differentiated, and in standard British and North American English are now felt to be distinct words (a development perhaps aided by the replacement of the flail by the mechanization of modern agriculture and the concomitant weakening of the perceived link between threshing and physical beating). However, the distinction is not made in many regional and nonstandard varieties (including within the British Isles and North America), in which either both forms are used indiscriminately or (if both forms do not occur) one or other form is used for all senses. Strong inflection. In some varieties of Scots (now chiefly northern and insular) the word retains the original strong inflection of thresh v. (compare discussion at that entry), and shares some of the past forms of that verb (compare thresh v. Forms 2a(ii)(b) and 3aγ). The strong past participle thrashen (likewise threshen , past participle of thresh v.) also occurs in varieties of Scots in which the past tense has a weak inflection. In standard English the verb is always inflected weak.

I. To separate the grain of a cereal crop from the husks and straw. Cf. thresh v. I. Now chiefly regional.

a. transitive. To separate the grain of (a cereal crop) from the husks and straw by any of various methods, such as by shaking, trampling, beating with a flail, or (later) by means of a combine harvester or similar machine. Also (and in earliest use) intransitive. Cf. thresh v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (intransitive)] > thresh

threshOE

thrash1364

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > thresh

threshOE

tread1382

stampa1425

berry1483

fine1579

thrash1594

to beat out1611

flack1743

cob1796

flail1821

scutch1844

strip1861

1364 [implied in: Patent Roll, 38 Edward III 20 Mar. (P.R.O.: C 66/269) m. 37 dorso Querela Walteri Leneuaunt Capellanum..quod Johannes de Bennebury parsona ecclesie de Grauesend..Robertus Thrasshere & Ricardus Halle ac quidam alij malefactores & pacis nostre perturbatores. (at thrasher n.¹ 1)].

a1398 [implied in: J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxv. 1066 Maistres vseþ a ȝerde, and so doþ he þat meteþ, kepeþ, and deleþ feeldes and þraisshynge flores [1495 de Worde thraisshynge floores]. (at thrashing n. 1a)].

a1402 J. Trevisa tr. Dialogus Militem et Clericum (Harl.) 17 Ȝe beþ likned to an oxe þat þraschiþ.

1547 in R. Milne Blackfriars of Perth (1893) 240 Ane haill crop..to..be led to yard or barne to be thrashin, windoit, and dycht.

1565 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Thres(c)h And he being aduertest thairof quhair he wes thraschand in his barne come to reskew his barne fra scaith.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 123 First thrash the corne, then after burne the straw.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1008 Husbandmen are affraid to thrash their wheat upon a dry and sandy floore, because of ants.

1615 R. Rogers Comm. Bk. Judges xxxvii. 295 Gedeon had seruants and yet he thrashed the corne himselfe.

1759 S. Johnson Idler 18 Aug. 257 He whose task is to reap and thrash.

1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. 178 Tha got machines to drashy wi', plague tiake 'em.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 337 The [turnip] seed may then be..stacked and thrashed when wanted.

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 2555/2 Doura, sorghum, or flax was thrashed by drawing across a comb-like instrument.

1995 A. Fenton Craiters ix. E corn wis thrashen oot.

2000 AGBU (Armenian Gen. Benevolent Union) (Electronic ed.) 30 June 30 Aram helped thrash wheat to earn money for the family on a nearby farm run by the Church.

b. intransitive. With adverb, as well, easily, etc. Of a crop: to be thrashed, to be capable of being thrashed (sense 1a). Cf. thresh v. 3.

ΚΠ

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 97 If it [sc. the Rye] is weedy you must let it lie upon the Ground or Gravel..or else they [sc. Weeds] will give in the Barn, and cause it not to thrash well, and make it Musty.

1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex I. 292 Rough Chaff..should stand till ripe, or it will not thrash well.

1919 Farmer's Bull. No. 1062 16 Buckwheat thrashes easily.

1949 Trans. Royal Highland & Agric. Soc. Scot. 131 Oats—Rather disappointing crops all over and did not thrash well.

II. To hit or strike; to defeat.

a. transitive. To hit or beat (a person or animal), esp. as a punishment, usually with an implement such as a stick or whip; to strike repeatedly and violently. Cf. thresh v. 5a.See also to thrash a person's jacket at jacket n. Phrases 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat

threshOE

beatc1000

to lay on?c1225

chastise1362

rapa1400

dressc1405

lack?c1475

paya1500

currya1529

coil1530

cuff1530

baste1533

thwack1533

lick1535

firka1566

trounce1568

fight1570

course1585

bumfeage1589

feague1589

lamback1589

lambskin1589

tickle1592

thrash1593

lam1595

bumfeagle1598

comb1600

fer1600

linge1600

taw1600

tew1600

thrum1604

feeze1612

verberate1614

fly-flap1620

tabor1624

lambaste1637

feak1652

flog1676

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slipper1682

liquora1689

curry-comb1708

whack1721

rump1735

screenge1787

whale1790

lather1797

tat1819

tease1819

larrup1823

warm1824

haze1825

to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839

flake1841

swish1856

hide1875

triangle1879

to give (a person or thing) gyp1887

soak1892

to loosen (a person's) hide1902

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person

to-beatc893

threshOE

bustc1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

berrya1250

to-bunea1250

touchc1330

arrayc1380

byfrapc1380

boxc1390

swinga1400

forbeatc1420

peal?a1425

routa1425

noddlea1450

forslinger1481

wipe1523

trima1529

baste1533

waulk1533

slip1535

peppera1550

bethwack1555

kembc1566

to beat (a person) black and blue1568

beswinge1568

paik1568

trounce1568

canvass1573

swaddle?1577

bebaste1582

besoop1589

bumfeage1589

dry-beat1589

feague1589

lamback1589

clapperclaw1590

thrash1593

belam1595

lam1595

beswaddle1598

bumfeagle1598

belabour1600

tew1600

flesh-baste1611

dust1612

feeze1612

mill1612

verberate1614

bethumpa1616

rebuke1619

bemaul1620

tabor1624

maula1627

batterfang1630

dry-baste1630

lambaste1637

thunder-thump1637

cullis1639

dry-banga1640

nuddle1640

sauce1651

feak1652

cotton1654

fustigate1656

brush1665

squab1668

raddle1677

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slam1691

bebump1694

to give (a person) his load1694

fag1699

towel1705

to kick a person's butt1741

fum1790

devel1807

bray1808

to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813

mug1818

to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821

welt1823

hidea1825

slate1825

targe1825

wallop1825

pounce1827

to lay into1838

flake1841

muzzle1843

paste1846

looder1850

frail1851

snake1859

fettle1863

to do over1866

jacket1875

to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877

to take apart1880

splatter1881

to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884

to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886

to do up1887

to —— (the) hell out of1887

to beat — bells out of a person1890

soak1892

to punch out1893

stoush1893

to work over1903

to beat up1907

to punch up1907

cream1929

shellac1930

to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931

duff1943

clobber1944

to fill in1948

to bash up1954

to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976

to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983

beast1990

becurry-

fan-

1593 G. Peele Famous Chron. King Edward the First sig. F2^v Frier shalt thou not faile, But mightily your foe assaile: And thrash this Potter with thy flaile.

a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour iii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Uuu3^v/1 Oh gentlemen y'are welcom: I have been thrasht i' faith... Never was Shrove-tuesday Bird So cudgel'd gentlemen.

1732 H. Fielding Mock Doctor v. 9 Take a good Cudgel, and thrash him into it.

a1835 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches (1837) III. 181 He..has thrashen me twenty times.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 32 I always meant to..thrash a lord or two who thrashed me at Eton.

1903 J. London Call of Wild (1990) iii. 30 This was the pride that..made him thrash the sled-dogs who blundered and shirked in the traces.

2020 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 31 Dec. She also revealed that she got multiple stitches after being thrashed by her uncle.

b. transitive. To strike at (something) with a whipping or flailing action. Also intransitive with prepositional phrase.In quot. 1693 figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > as a flail

thresh1628

thrash1638

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 171 Swarms of Gnats, Mus-ke-toes, and such like.., stung and pesterd us..; they biting us, we thrashing them like mad folks.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. 199 I rather wou'd be Mævius, Thrash for Rhimes Like his..Than that Philippique..should be Mine.

1897 Music June 196 The only way they can see to make the bow jump is to thrash at the strings with the whole arm, every joint rigid, and the bow tightly grasped.

1920 T. A. Coward Birds Brit. Isles 2nd Ser. 308 This is often uttered by a male [grebe] when, thrashing the water with its wings, it chases a rival.

2012 S. Booth Dead & Buried i. 4 Small teams of them [sc. firefighters] were scattered across the burning moor, thrashing at the flames with their beaters.

a. transitive. To inflict a heavy defeat on (an army, nation, enemy, etc.) in a conflict or battle. colloquial in later use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > soundly

threshc1384

to knock the socks offa1529

thump1597

thrash1609

thwacka1616

capot1649

to beat to snuff1819

to knock into a cocked hat1830

to —— (the) hell out of1833

sledgehammer1834

rout1835

whop1836

skin1838

whip-saw1842

to knock (the) spots off1850

to make mincemeat of1853

to mop (up) the floor with1875

to beat pointless1877

to lick into fits1879

to take apart1880

to knock out1883

wax1884

contund1885

to give (a person) fits1885

to wipe the floor with1887

flatten1892

to knock (someone) for six1902

slaughter1903

slather1910

to hit for six1937

hammer1948

whomp1952

bulldozer1954

zilch1957

shred1966

tank1973

slam-dunk1975

beast1977

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 47 You scuruy valiant asse, thou art heere but to thrash Troyans.

1796 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 256 I shall..take my chance of helping to thrash Don Langara.

1825 tr. J. Fouché Mem. I. 320 I will conduct this war of peasants and monks..myself, and I hope to thrash the English soundly.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 2/3 A man jumped out waving his hat and exclaiming, ‘Hurrah, Wellington has thrashed Boney!’

2019 Falkirk Herald (Nexis) 9 Nov. The Jacobites thrashed the British dragoons in what should have been a fight heavily stacked in the horsemens' favour.

b. transitive. colloquial. To defeat (an opponent) easily or decisively in a game, competition, or other contest (originally esp. a physical fight).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win > defeat

overplayc1460

smother1676

lurch1678

outplay1702

thrash1789

defeat1830

spreadeagle1832

thresh1852

whitewash1867

blank1870

annihilate1886

nip1893

slam1907

plaster1919

skittle1919

rip1927

maul1928

demolish1938

massacre1940

trounce1942

hammer1948

murder1952

to shut out1952

zilch1957

zip1964

trip1974

1789 World 15 Oct. [A boxer named] Perrins..went over to Dublin, where he easily thrashed all the bruisers of that country.

1860 G. D. Prentice Prenticeana 227 A stupid lawyer in Illinois got thrashed in a fist-fight the other day.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 276 The Colonel..has just been thrashing me at billiards.

1980 Newsweek (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 17 Mar. 108 The man who embittered his party's campaign and got thrashed in the bargain.

1986 B. Hastings Double Jeopardy iv. 65 She thrashed him at chess.

2021 Oxf. Mail (Nexis) 24 Apr. Plymouth were thrashed 6-0 by Charlton Athletic in midweek, their worst home Football League defeat since 1956.

III. Other extended uses, chiefly relating to strenuous or violent movement.

(a) intransitive. Frequently with about or around. Of a person or animal: to fling the body or limbs around with wild or violent movements. Also of something affected by severe winds, weather, etc.: to toss or plunge wildly; to lash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about

wevea1300

wallow1362

walterc1400

wentle1481

tumble1549

thrash1821

thresh1823

1821 in Bangor (Maine) Reg. 21 June I said, Pegasus, now be steady And don't rear up, and kick, and thrash about.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn vi. 51 He didn't go sound asleep, but was uneasy. He groaned, and moaned, and thrashed around this way and that.

1900 N. Munro in Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 656/1 They saw the boughs thrash and the tree tops rise and fall like billows round the village.

1989 L. Bryce Influential Woman (1990) ix. 152 There was a fierce wind and big seas and the boat was thrashing about.

2008 Sunday Mail (S. Austral.) (Nexis) 30 Nov. (State ed.) (Suppl.) 14 It is like being a three-year-old who is denied a chocolate bar and screams and thrashes around on the floor.

(b) transitive. To move (the limbs, head, body, etc.) in a wild or violent manner.In quot. 1939 reflexive: (of a fish) to swim with vigorous and violent movements of the body.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > [verb (reflexive)] > swim upstream

thrash1939

1839 Boston Daily News 16 Apr. 2/1 You see him [sc. a shad] suspended, as it were, for an instant, thrashing his tail in the descending cataract in vain.

1890 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 26 Apr. 476/1 When recovering from the effects of the anæsthetic he unconsciously thrashed his arms about and struck one of the doctors in the face.

1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. ii. 60 The fish Thrashing itself upstream.

1968 J. G. Fuller Day of St. Anthony's Fire v. 86 She ran to the child's bedroom to find her thrashing her arms and legs wildly.

2002 Z. Radcliffe London Irish xvi. 216 She thrashed her head from side to side.

ΚΠ

1864 N. W. Coffin Forest Arcadia xi. 126 I..saw the perplexed Brown almost crazy with excitement and fear, thrashing through the wood in a direction opposite to the camp.

1969 C. De Narvaez & J. Greenberg My Dear Dolphin 16 She thrashed across the pool as though there were devils after her.

1997 N.Y. Mag. 2 June 116 The mighty Godzilla has been rampaging through Manhattan, thrashing through Central Park..and fundamentally imperiling all life-forms.

2014 S. M. Kidd Invention of Wings 11 I escape them, thrashing along the main passage, out the front door, where I break blindly for the wharves.

b. intransitive. Of the wind or a storm: to blow in violent gusts; (of the rain) to pour down in heavy showers; to lash down. Also transitive: to beat violently against (a person or thing); to lash.Sometimes with admixture of sense 2b.

ΚΠ

1845 R. Howitt Impressions Austral. Felix 52 The wind thrashed the canvas as with a flail.

1874 H. M. Labouchere & W. Jesse tr. A. E. Brehm Bird-life v. 354 As in a winter's storm thrashing through the air, the snow-charged clouds..burst into flakes.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn ix. 75 The rain would thrash along by so thick.

1918 J. Hergesheimer Gold & Iron ix. 72 The storm thrashed without.

2002 D. H. Sterry Chicken (2003) xi. 120 We turn right around and head back home, rain thrashing the roof, windshield, and hood.

c. intransitive. figurative. With about, around, or round. To try in a desperate or unconsidered way to do something; to cast around desperately for something.

ΚΠ

1929 Chain Store Age May 42 (caption) In thrashing about for an idea to use as the basis of developing its chain, the Crown Drug Co. decided that to inject..the human touch was one way to meet competition on different ground.

1969 Times 27 Mar. 11/2 Bath city council..has been thrashing round for years in its search for playing fields.

1978 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 36/6 Mr Callaghan, in thrashing about for a reply, produced a new and optimistic definition of unemployment.

2001 Independent 3 Mar. 8/2 At a time of crisis, a government thrashing around unfairly apportioning blame wastes time which could be better spent in sorting out the matter in hand.

5. transitive. To work at or go over (something) thoroughly or repeatedly; esp. to discuss or argue about (a matter, problem, etc.) exhaustively. Also intransitive. Usually with adverb or prepositional phrase.Recorded earliest in to thrash out 2 at Phrasal verbs. See also to thrash over straw at Phrases 1.

ΚΠ

1829 Pierce Egan's Weekly Courier 8 Mar. 37/5 He should not have said a single word on this threadbare question, which had been thrashed out, had he not felt that the arguments of the Member for Aldborough had been mistaken.

a1876 Binorie O an Binorie iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 133/1 O sister, O sister, will ye go to the dams, To hear the blackbird thrashin oer his songs?

1892 Jrnl. Soc. Engin. 142 The question..had been introduced many times; and he had been labouring and thrashing away at it for many years.

1967 Time Capsule 1944 131 Winston Churchill's Cabinet thrashed the problem all afternoon & evening.

1999 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 11 May 10 Even if heroin felt fantastic, surely she knew it could kill her at any time? And why didn't that matter?.. Much of this we thrashed through with Zoe that day.

2004 Financial Times 18 Oct. 15/5 With armies of lawyers being readied to thrash over the results, the fear..is that the aftermath of this election could drag on.

6. Nautical.

a. intransitive. To advance with difficulty against strong wind, waves, etc. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction.Cf. beat v.¹ 19a.See also to thrash one's way at Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > strive or make way against wind

laveer1598

to weather it on1599

beat1677

to beat up1720

to weather along1836

thrash1855

thresh1857

1830 P. Hawker Diary 5 Feb. (1893) II. 15 Hard labour to..thrash for an hour through blocks of ice before we could get out.

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xx The ship thrashed close-hauled through the rolling seas.

1898 M. E. Seawell Loves of Lady Arabella iii. 48 We were three weeks in the Bay of Biscay, thrashing to windward under topgallant-sails.

2014 Toronto Star (Nexis) 10 Sept. a13 The ship thrashed through stormy conditions, tempered seas and sheets of ice.

b. transitive. To force (a vessel) to move forwards, esp. against strong wind, waves, etc. Chiefly with adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction. Now rare.Cf. beat v.¹ 19d.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > force ship against wind or sea

beat1839

thrash1858

thresh1886

1858 Hunt's Yachting Mag. Mar. 64 Thrashing her up to the narrow entrance of the Cromarty Firth.

1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xv. 310 The screw began to thrash the ship along the Docks.

1914 H. Bindloss Secret of Reef xvi. 168 They stubbornly thrashed her to windward under shortened sail.

1936 Shipping Wonders of World I. i. 24/3 When Holmes had the Leucada he was thrashing her so hard through the night that, when the watch on deck was relieved..they dared not go forward to the forecastle.

7. transitive. Originally and chiefly British. To cause (an engine, motor, etc.) to work extremely hard; to drive (a vehicle) very hard and fast. Also intransitive: (of an engine, vehicle, etc.) to be worked extremely hard; to go extremely fast.

ΚΠ

1916 Aeroplane 19 Jan. 150/2 The other [paste]..is easily the best stuff I know; and no matter how you thrash the motor it stays with the game.

1918 Let. in Londoner (1/25th Battalion, London Regiment) July 158/2 The din inside the tank was terrible, what with the engine thrashing away, the guns raising Cain, and the general rattle.

1968 J. Passini Weber Carburettors: Pt. 1 (1973) ii.15 One car fitted with stronger valve springs..was thrashed round the countryside.

1996 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 19 June 41 Whether it's cruising in the city or thrashing along the back roads, the MGF delivers sports car performance.

2011 Weekly Cutting Edge (Nexis) 29 Oct. These vehicles require you to floor the accelerator and thrash the engine for even moderate acceleration.

Phrases

P1. to thrash (over) straw and variants: to work at something that is unproductive or unprofitable; to revisit or spend more time on something that has already been resolved or completed. Cf. to thresh (over) straw at thresh v. Phrases 2. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1846 Leeds Times 28 Feb. 4/2 It is astonishing how long and how loud these members talk; thrashing straw a thousand times thrashed, and extracting never a grain of wheat more.

1850 A. Swanwick tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust in tr. Dramatic Wks. 55 Leave it to neighbour Paunch;—withdraw. Why plague yourself with thrashing straw?

1895 P. Benjamin Intellect. Rise Electr. xiv. 470 The very few examples that are recorded merely thrash over old straw.

1949 Spectator 16 Sept. 360/2 In telling that story and discussing its bearing on the rise of our democracy.., Dr. Townsend is not thrashing straw.

P2. to thrash one's way: (originally Nautical) to advance with difficulty against strong wind, waves, etc.; (later also more generally) to make one's way by means of strenuous effort. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction.

ΚΠ

1862 Times 15 Aug. 10/5 Each craft set to thrash her way, aided, however, by the ebb, clear of the Needles.

1900 Daily News 15 Oct. 6/7 The Nuddea encountered the typhoon some distance to the southward of Hong Kong, and..had to thrash her way through it.

1988 R. Fisher Poems 183 I met the lorries, headlamps full on, thrashing their way up over Stainmore.

1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 Mar. 49/3 Nonetheless, she thrashes her way through her freshman year at college..dissatisfied with life and education.

2000 Reader's Digest Oct. 102 Because of him I notice what is in front of me..instead of thrashing my way towards goals that contain no joy in themselves.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to thrash out

1. transitive. To separate the grain of (a cereal crop) from the husks and straw by any of various methods, such as by shaking, trampling, beating with a flail, or (later) by means of a combine harvester or similar machine. Cf. to thresh out 1 at thresh v. Phrasal verbs. Now chiefly regional.

ΚΠ

1645 J. Downame et al. Annot. Old & New Test. sig. LL2^v In the Eastern Countries it was not the manner to thrash out Corne as we doe, but their Oxen trod it out.

1771 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. (1794) 202 The corn is thrashed out and preserved in the chaff in bykes.

1811 Sydney Gaz. 2 Mar. All the Settlers have by this time thrashed out and prepared their Wheat for delivery.

1850 Farmer's Mag. July 23/1 The employing of horses in thrashing out corn wears them out so much.

1987 Guardian 28 Sept. 32/7 Wind and rain together laid the corn in the fields, making it difficult to combine and often of poor quality when thrashed out.

2. transitive. To discuss (a matter) thoroughly in order to reach a decision, consensus, or conclusion; to arrive at (an agreement, plan, etc.) after a great deal of discussion or argument.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > hold discussions about, debate [verb (transitive)] > exhaustively

beat1470

hammer1594

extund1610

crasha1670

to thresh out1805

to thrash out1829

to hash out1916

1982 Times 14 May 13/2 The sisters thrash out their memories and beliefs in bleak surroundings—a museum cafeteria, prison rooms.

1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iii. 113 The seven governors assembled in the chairman's office..to thrash out the final details.

2005 Northern Echo 6 Sept. 2/2 Prime Minister Tony Blair said yesterday he was confident EU member states would sign up to a new deal thrashed out in Beijing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).

单词	thrash
释义	thrashn. Brit. /θraʃ/, U.S. /θræʃ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: thrash v. Etymology: < thrash v. Compare earlier thresh n.¹ 1. †a. Perhaps: an implement used for threshing a crop; a flail. Cf. thrash v. I., threshel n. 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1669 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown iii. 61 That the Cart, the Plow, the Thrash should be in that continual severity laid upon nineteen parts of the Land, to feed the inordinate lusts and delicious appetites of the twentieth. b. Irish English. Threshed grain, straw; spec. straw, husks, etc., left scattered over a field after harvesting and threshing a crop. Cf. thresh n.¹ 1. rare. ΚΠ 1732 Advantages to Ireland of Raising Flax (Dublin Soc.) 18 When you have thus Thrash'd your Bowles, you are then to separate the Seed from the Thrash and Bowles with Sieves. 2021 Irish Independent (Nexis) 9 Mar. 25 If direct drilling is the chosen method it is crucial that one bag of granular lime is spread per acre to correct the ph from the thrash on top of the ground. 2. a. The action or an act of thrashing (in various senses of thrash v.); esp. a vigorous blow or stroke; a wild or violent movement. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > a stroke or blow dintc897 swengOE shutec1000 kill?c1225 swipc1275 stroke1297 dentc1325 touchc1325 knock1377 knalc1380 swapc1384 woundc1384 smitinga1398 lush?a1400 sowa1400 swaipa1400 wapc1400 smita1425 popc1425 rumbelowc1425 hitc1450 clope1481 rimmel1487 blow1488 dinga1500 quartera1500 ruska1500 tucka1500 recounterc1515 palta1522 nolpc1540 swoop1544 push1561 smot1566 veny1578 remnant1580 venue1591 cuff1610 poltc1610 dust1611 tank1686 devel1787 dunching1789 flack1823 swinge1823 looder1825 thrash1840 dolk1861 thresh1863 mace-blow1879 pulsation1891 nosebleeder1921 slosh1936 smackeroo1942 dab- 1840 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg ii, in New Monthly Mag. 60 258 Tories love to worry the Whigs,..Giving them lashes, thrashes, and digs. 1899 W. C. Russell Rose Island xi. 198 The thrash of the propeller. 1906 Outlook 20 Oct. 511/2 A thrash of rain. 1956 T. I. Thompson Pop. Handbk. Swimming 8 Richard Cavill..at the turn of this century introduced the vertical thrash of the legs and combined it with the overarm action in the stroke which was the basis of the modern crawl. 1994 R.J. Waller Old Songs in New Café 13 I have stared off midnight balconies in deep Asia, watching dhows older than me tug at the moorings and long for the thrash of coastal waters. 2005 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 17 July (Final ed.) (Pasco section) 14 A second later the fish disappeared, a single thrash of his tail sending him on his way. †b. figurative. with a thrash: very quickly; at once. Cf. at a blow at blow n.¹ 4a, at a stroke at stroke n.¹ 2e. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [phrase] > instantaneously as thou turnest thine handc1225 at a brusha1400 at one (also a) bruntc1450 with a whisk1487 with a whip Sir John1550 in the turn (also turning) of a hand1564 with or at a wink1585 at a blowa1616 in a wink1693 at a stroke1709 in or wi' a whid1719 in the trip of a minute1728 with a thrash1870 the twinkling of a bedpost1871 in a whisk1900 in jig-time1916 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [noun] > sudden > a sudden dart startc1330 gird1545 whip1550 shoota1596 whippeta1603 snap1631 jet1647 flirt1666 whid1719 dart1721 spout1787 with a thrash1870 sprit1880 divea1897 1870 J. K. Hunter Life Stud. Char. xxxv. 235 I appeared in the court in Edinburgh wi' a thrash, and had the case settled in a jiffy. 3. Nautical. An act or instance of sailing a vessel against strong wind, waves, etc. Cf. thrash v. 6.In later use frequently in the context of yacht racing (cf. sense 6). ΚΠ 1866 Sporting Mag. Nov. 350 It is one of the prettiest evolutions at sea, after a thrash to windward, to ease away and run spinning through the sea at her greatest speed. 1920 Sci. Amer. 7 Aug. 120/1 The seas were so short that in a thrash to the outer mark, these fast moving boats would be heavily punished. 1977 Cruising World May 60/1 A thrash across the Gulf Stream in 30- to 40-knot winds and wickedly steep seas is a stern test of stamina. 1994 F. Stokes Mooneshine Logs 70 A racer would not want to find himself seriously east of Kitchen Shoals facing a hard thrash to the finish. 4. British colloquial. A party, esp. one that is lavish, large, and noisy. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > lavish drum majorc1743 thrash1957 1957 G. Smith Friends 120 I think he stole away to London for an occasional thrash when it got too much for him, but in general he was a model pupil. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Feb. 131/3 Staggering..from his sick-bed to play host at an enormous black-tie thrash at a Belgravia mansion borrowed for the night. 1980 C. Matthew Loosely Engaged 17 Occasionally someone throws a thrash, but most of the time we just bomb round to Wedgies..and have a bit of a giggle. 2013 G. Seymour Corporal's Wife xiii. 270 During the frostiest days of the Cold War, it was still possible to meet KGB and foreign ministry Soviets at a May Day knees-up or a Queen's Birthday thrash. 5. a. A short, energetic, usually uncomplicated piece or passage of (esp. jazz or rock) music, esp. one that is very fast and loud. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > other pop music a cappella1905 soundclash1925 marabi1933 doo-wop1958 filk1959 folk-rock1963 Liverpool sound1963 Mersey beat1963 Mersey sound1963 surf music1963 malombo1964 mbaqanga1964 easy listening1965 disco music1966 Motown1966 boogaloo1967 power pop1967 psychedelia1967 yé-yé1967 agitpop1968 bubblegum1968 Tamla Motown1968 Tex-Mex1968 downtempo1969 taarab1969 thrash1969 world music1969 funk1970 MOR1970 tropicalism1970 Afrobeat1971 electro-pop1971 post-rock1971 techno-pop1971 Tropicalia1971 tropicalismo1971 disco1972 Krautrock1972 schlager1973 Afropop1974 punk funk1974 disco funk1975 Europop1976 mgqashiyo1976 P-funk1976 funkadelia1977 karaoke music1977 alternative music1978 hardcore1978 psychobilly1978 punkabilly1978 R&B1978 cowpunk1979 dangdut1979 hip-hop1979 Northern Soul1979 rap1979 rapping1979 jit1980 trance1980 benga1981 New Romanticism1981 post-punk1981 rap music1981 scratch1982 scratch-music1982 synth-pop1982 electro1983 garage1983 Latin1983 Philly1983 New Age1984 New Age music1985 ambient1986 Britpop1986 gangster rap1986 house1986 house music1986 mbalax1986 rai1986 trot1986 zouk1986 bhangra1987 garage1987 hip-house1987 new school1987 old school1987 thrashcore1987 acid1988 acid house1988 acid jazz1988 ambience1988 Cantopop1988 dance1988 deep house1988 industrial1988 swingbeat1988 techno1988 dream pop1989 gangsta rap1989 multiculti1989 new jack swing1989 noise-pop1989 rave1989 Tejano1989 breakbeat1990 chill-out music1990 indie1990 new jack1990 new jill swing1990 noisecore1990 baggy1991 drum and bass1991 gangsta1991 handbag house1991 hip-pop1991 loungecore1991 psychedelic trance1991 shoegazing1991 slowcore1991 techno-house1991 gabba1992 jungle1992 sadcore1992 UK garage1992 darkcore1993 dark side1993 electronica1993 G-funk1993 sampladelia1994 trip hop1994 break1996 psy-trance1996 nu skool1997 folktronica1999 dubstep2002 Bongo Flava2003 grime2003 Bongo2004 singeli2015 1969 Punch 12 Feb. 245/3 Brian Davies then appeared..to indulge in what was announced as free form improvisation and turned out to be a vaguely modal thrash headed by Lynn Dobson on flute and soprano saxophone. 1986 Radio Times 20 Dec. 155/3 When he toured in 1978, audiences were astounded to hear his early folk ramble ‘Masters of war’ reworked as a heavy rock thrash. 1989 Melody Maker 25 Nov. 19/1 What I don't get is why The Pastels are still struggling to get to grips with the most basic of three-cord thrashes. 2013 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Jan. There are just four tracks, characterised by long, organ-like drones,..flurries turning to free-jazz thrashes and resolving as gentle murmurs, and big, riff-like exchanges. b. A style of rock music combining elements of heavy metal and punk rock, having a fast tempo, an aggressive, driving beat, and a harsh sound; = thrash metal n. at Compounds 2.Recorded earliest in thrash band at Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > heavy metal > types of black metal1982 thrash1982 death metal1984 metal1984 thrash metal1984 1982 Daily Bruin (UCLA) 21 Apr. 27/1 TSOL..were originally among the fastest of the ‘thrash’ bands in Los Angeles. 1982 N.Y. Times 11 Aug. c19/2 A year ago they were pop-music underdogs, an all-woman band with roots in the anarchic thrash of the Los Angeles punk-rock scene. 1989 Q Dec. 117/5 The Cro-Mags marry a devotion to the teachings of Krishna with the slamming thuggery and metal-etched guitar proselytising of thrash. 2005 Metal Hammer Dec. 92/4 ‘Rats, Snakes And Thieves’ is as good a curtain raiser as you can get, a chainsaw assault of thrash, hardcore and in-your-face Slayerisms. 6. Originally and chiefly British. a. A fast, hard ride in a car or other vehicle. Cf. thrash v. 7. ΚΠ 1969 Daily Tel. 27 June 18/6 As this [trip] involved a ‘thrash’ down the M4, I inquired of the driver what type of safety belts were used in the car at my disposal. 1995 Face Jan. 12 You get coffee, lunch, a driving lesson and a thrash over ten acres of humps and bumps at the control of a Chieftain, an armoured personnel carrier and a Bombardier Snowcat. 1999 Student Times 2 Oct. 18/1 We have regular cycle runs, twice weekly... Meets generally involve a thrash in the woods, followed by a stint in the pub. 2017 Northern Echo (Nexis) 26 Oct. The No 34 [bus] from Richmond to Darlington..ambles through numerous villages around Scorton before a final thrash up the motorway. b. A fast, aggressively driven motor race. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > motor racing > [noun] > other motor-driving events trial1926 roadeo1940 demolition derby1950 slalom1965 gymkhana1966 thrash1972 1972 Motor Sport Sept. 992/1 Longest thrash was the 15-lap Allcomers, in which Wilks' Lotus 16 provided the only challenge to Corner's ex-Lucas Maserati 250F. 1976 Milton Keynes Express 25 June 50/6 Tony Strawson won the Esso Uniflo Special Saloon thrash in his V8-engined Capri. 1986 Road Sport Aug. 14/1 Seventy five crews assembled in Richmond town square to tackle the 120 mile thrash on maps 92, 93, 98 and 99. 2000 Jrnl. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 4 Oct. There were two shorter stages after Dalby and then a 20-mile thrash through Langdale Forest. Compounds C1. General use as a modifier (in sense 5b), as in thrash album, thrash band, etc. ΚΠ 1982 Daily Bruin (UCLA) 21 Apr. 27/1 TSOL..were originally among the fastest of the ‘thrash’ bands in Los Angeles. 1994 i-D Oct. 107/1 Loud and distorted queercore indie and thrash night with seriously wicked live bands. 2000 Out Mar. 140/3 Tribe 8..broke a sound barrier as the first thrash act to play the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. 2020 Guardian (Nexis) 26 Aug. One of the most perfect thrash albums to be released since the 1980s heyday. C2. thrash metal n. [after heavy metal n. at heavy adj.¹ 20d] a style of rock music combining elements of heavy metal and punk rock, having a fast tempo, an aggressive, driving beat, and a harsh sound; cf. sense 5b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > heavy metal > types of black metal1982 thrash1982 death metal1984 metal1984 thrash metal1984 1984 Kerrang! 23 Feb. 8/2 They [sc. Anthrax] should've stayed well clear of the Alice Cooper song, ‘I'm Eighteen’, as it doesn't suit their style of Thrash Metal at all. 1987 Guardian 20 Mar. 19/3 The success of the likes of Metallica and Anthrax suggests that thrash metal is about to find itself in a conundrum, coping with commercial success born from a noise designed to outrage. 2001 Carve Sept. 84 Down in the mosh pit, long-haired Aussies leapt around trying to split lips and break noses as thrash metal belted out of the speakers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021). thrashv. Brit. /θraʃ/, U.S. /θræʃ/ Forms: 1. Present stem. Middle English thraisshe, Middle English þraisshe, Middle English þrasche, Middle English–1500s thrasshe, 1500s thrashe, 1500s– thrash; English regional (south-western) 1700s– drash, 1800s draish, 1800s drashy; Scottish pre-1700 thrache, pre-1700 thrasch, pre-1700 1700s– thrash, 1900s– thrach (Lanarkshire), 1900s– trash (Orkney and Aberdeenshire); N.E.D. (1912) also records a form late Middle English thrassh. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. Scottish pre-1700 threwsche, pre-1700 thrusche, pre-1700 trewshe, 1700s–1800s thrush, 1800s threush, 1800s– throosh, 1800s– thruish, 1800s– treush (Orkney), 1900s troosh (Orkney), 1900s– threesh (north-eastern), 1900s– trüsh (Shetland). b. Weak. 1600s– thrashed; English regional (south-western) 1800s drash'd, 1800s drashed; also Scottish 1900s– thrasht. 3. Past participle. a. Strong. α. 1600s (English regional (Cheshire)) 1800s (archaic) thrashen; Scottish pre-1700 thraschin, pre-1700 thrashin, pre-1700 thrashine, pre-1700 1700s– thrashen, 1700s thrasun (in a representation of Highland English). β. Scottish pre-1700 thruschine, 1800s throoshen, 1800s thrushen, 1900s thruishen; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s thrushen. b. Weak. 1500s– thrasht (now chiefly regional), 1600s– thrashed, 1800s thrash't (Scottish). Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: thresh v. Etymology: Originally (and still in branch I.) a variant of thresh v., now usually distinguished in form in branches II. and III.Unlike other variants of thresh v. (see discussion at that entry), the form type thrash seems not to have arisen by levelling from other stem forms of the strong verb (and does not reflect the Northumbrian Old English forms at thresh v. Forms 1β. ), but rather developed from the original form type thresh by a sporadic lowering of e to a (compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §59 note 2(b)); it is first attested in the second half of the 14th cent., but remains rare until the 16th cent. The form thrash came into literary use in the late 16th cent., and became established in the 17th cent., especially in the sense ‘to beat, strike, inflict blows on’ and related senses, for which it is now the ordinary form in the standard language (see branches II. and III.), while the original form thresh (see thresh v.) is still largely retained in senses relating to separating the grain of corn or other crops from the husk and straw (compare branch I.), in which thrash remains a regional variant. In this way, to thresh (corn) and to thrash (an offender or an opponent) became to a considerable extent differentiated, and in standard British and North American English are now felt to be distinct words (a development perhaps aided by the replacement of the flail by the mechanization of modern agriculture and the concomitant weakening of the perceived link between threshing and physical beating). However, the distinction is not made in many regional and nonstandard varieties (including within the British Isles and North America), in which either both forms are used indiscriminately or (if both forms do not occur) one or other form is used for all senses. Strong inflection. In some varieties of Scots (now chiefly northern and insular) the word retains the original strong inflection of thresh v. (compare discussion at that entry), and shares some of the past forms of that verb (compare thresh v. Forms 2a(ii)(b) and 3aγ). The strong past participle thrashen (likewise threshen , past participle of thresh v.) also occurs in varieties of Scots in which the past tense has a weak inflection. In standard English the verb is always inflected weak. I. To separate the grain of a cereal crop from the husks and straw. Cf. thresh v. I. Now chiefly regional. 1. a. transitive. To separate the grain of (a cereal crop) from the husks and straw by any of various methods, such as by shaking, trampling, beating with a flail, or (later) by means of a combine harvester or similar machine. Also (and in earliest use) intransitive. Cf. thresh v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (intransitive)] > thresh threshOE thrash1364 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > thresh threshOE tread1382 stampa1425 berry1483 fine1579 thrash1594 to beat out1611 flack1743 cob1796 flail1821 scutch1844 strip1861 1364 [implied in: Patent Roll, 38 Edward III 20 Mar. (P.R.O.: C 66/269) m. 37 dorso Querela Walteri Leneuaunt Capellanum..quod Johannes de Bennebury parsona ecclesie de Grauesend..Robertus Thrasshere & Ricardus Halle ac quidam alij malefactores & pacis nostre perturbatores. (at thrasher n.¹ 1)]. a1398 [implied in: J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxv. 1066 Maistres vseþ a ȝerde, and so doþ he þat meteþ, kepeþ, and deleþ feeldes and þraisshynge flores [1495 de Worde thraisshynge floores]. (at thrashing n. 1a)]. a1402 J. Trevisa tr. Dialogus Militem et Clericum (Harl.) 17 Ȝe beþ likned to an oxe þat þraschiþ. 1547 in R. Milne Blackfriars of Perth (1893) 240 Ane haill crop..to..be led to yard or barne to be thrashin, windoit, and dycht. 1565 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Thres(c)h And he being aduertest thairof quhair he wes thraschand in his barne come to reskew his barne fra scaith. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 123 First thrash the corne, then after burne the straw. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1008 Husbandmen are affraid to thrash their wheat upon a dry and sandy floore, because of ants. 1615 R. Rogers Comm. Bk. Judges xxxvii. 295 Gedeon had seruants and yet he thrashed the corne himselfe. 1759 S. Johnson Idler 18 Aug. 257 He whose task is to reap and thrash. 1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. 178 Tha got machines to drashy wi', plague tiake 'em. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 337 The [turnip] seed may then be..stacked and thrashed when wanted. 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 2555/2 Doura, sorghum, or flax was thrashed by drawing across a comb-like instrument. 1995 A. Fenton Craiters ix. E corn wis thrashen oot. 2000 AGBU (Armenian Gen. Benevolent Union) (Electronic ed.) 30 June 30 Aram helped thrash wheat to earn money for the family on a nearby farm run by the Church. b. intransitive. With adverb, as well, easily, etc. Of a crop: to be thrashed, to be capable of being thrashed (sense 1a). Cf. thresh v. 3. ΚΠ 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 97 If it [sc. the Rye] is weedy you must let it lie upon the Ground or Gravel..or else they [sc. Weeds] will give in the Barn, and cause it not to thrash well, and make it Musty. 1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex I. 292 Rough Chaff..should stand till ripe, or it will not thrash well. 1919 Farmer's Bull. No. 1062 16 Buckwheat thrashes easily. 1949 Trans. Royal Highland & Agric. Soc. Scot. 131 Oats—Rather disappointing crops all over and did not thrash well. II. To hit or strike; to defeat. 2. a. transitive. To hit or beat (a person or animal), esp. as a punishment, usually with an implement such as a stick or whip; to strike repeatedly and violently. Cf. thresh v. 5a.See also to thrash a person's jacket at jacket n. Phrases 3. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat threshOE beatc1000 to lay on?c1225 chastise1362 rapa1400 dressc1405 lack?c1475 paya1500 currya1529 coil1530 cuff1530 baste1533 thwack1533 lick1535 firka1566 trounce1568 fight1570 course1585 bumfeage1589 feague1589 lamback1589 lambskin1589 tickle1592 thrash1593 lam1595 bumfeagle1598 comb1600 fer1600 linge1600 taw1600 tew1600 thrum1604 feeze1612 verberate1614 fly-flap1620 tabor1624 lambaste1637 feak1652 flog1676 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slipper1682 liquora1689 curry-comb1708 whack1721 rump1735 screenge1787 whale1790 lather1797 tat1819 tease1819 larrup1823 warm1824 haze1825 to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839 flake1841 swish1856 hide1875 triangle1879 to give (a person or thing) gyp1887 soak1892 to loosen (a person's) hide1902 the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person to-beatc893 threshOE bustc1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 berrya1250 to-bunea1250 touchc1330 arrayc1380 byfrapc1380 boxc1390 swinga1400 forbeatc1420 peal?a1425 routa1425 noddlea1450 forslinger1481 wipe1523 trima1529 baste1533 waulk1533 slip1535 peppera1550 bethwack1555 kembc1566 to beat (a person) black and blue1568 beswinge1568 paik1568 trounce1568 canvass1573 swaddle?1577 bebaste1582 besoop1589 bumfeage1589 dry-beat1589 feague1589 lamback1589 clapperclaw1590 thrash1593 belam1595 lam1595 beswaddle1598 bumfeagle1598 belabour1600 tew1600 flesh-baste1611 dust1612 feeze1612 mill1612 verberate1614 bethumpa1616 rebuke1619 bemaul1620 tabor1624 maula1627 batterfang1630 dry-baste1630 lambaste1637 thunder-thump1637 cullis1639 dry-banga1640 nuddle1640 sauce1651 feak1652 cotton1654 fustigate1656 brush1665 squab1668 raddle1677 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slam1691 bebump1694 to give (a person) his load1694 fag1699 towel1705 to kick a person's butt1741 fum1790 devel1807 bray1808 to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813 mug1818 to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821 welt1823 hidea1825 slate1825 targe1825 wallop1825 pounce1827 to lay into1838 flake1841 muzzle1843 paste1846 looder1850 frail1851 snake1859 fettle1863 to do over1866 jacket1875 to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877 to take apart1880 splatter1881 to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884 to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886 to do up1887 to —— (the) hell out of1887 to beat — bells out of a person1890 soak1892 to punch out1893 stoush1893 to work over1903 to beat up1907 to punch up1907 cream1929 shellac1930 to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931 duff1943 clobber1944 to fill in1948 to bash up1954 to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976 to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983 beast1990 becurry- fan- 1593 G. Peele Famous Chron. King Edward the First sig. F2^v Frier shalt thou not faile, But mightily your foe assaile: And thrash this Potter with thy flaile. a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour iii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Uuu3^v/1 Oh gentlemen y'are welcom: I have been thrasht i' faith... Never was Shrove-tuesday Bird So cudgel'd gentlemen. 1732 H. Fielding Mock Doctor v. 9 Take a good Cudgel, and thrash him into it. a1835 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches (1837) III. 181 He..has thrashen me twenty times. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 32 I always meant to..thrash a lord or two who thrashed me at Eton. 1903 J. London Call of Wild (1990) iii. 30 This was the pride that..made him thrash the sled-dogs who blundered and shirked in the traces. 2020 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 31 Dec. She also revealed that she got multiple stitches after being thrashed by her uncle. b. transitive. To strike at (something) with a whipping or flailing action. Also intransitive with prepositional phrase.In quot. 1693 figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > as a flail thresh1628 thrash1638 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 171 Swarms of Gnats, Mus-ke-toes, and such like.., stung and pesterd us..; they biting us, we thrashing them like mad folks. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. 199 I rather wou'd be Mævius, Thrash for Rhimes Like his..Than that Philippique..should be Mine. 1897 Music June 196 The only way they can see to make the bow jump is to thrash at the strings with the whole arm, every joint rigid, and the bow tightly grasped. 1920 T. A. Coward Birds Brit. Isles 2nd Ser. 308 This is often uttered by a male [grebe] when, thrashing the water with its wings, it chases a rival. 2012 S. Booth Dead & Buried i. 4 Small teams of them [sc. firefighters] were scattered across the burning moor, thrashing at the flames with their beaters. 3. a. transitive. To inflict a heavy defeat on (an army, nation, enemy, etc.) in a conflict or battle. colloquial in later use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > soundly threshc1384 to knock the socks offa1529 thump1597 thrash1609 thwacka1616 capot1649 to beat to snuff1819 to knock into a cocked hat1830 to —— (the) hell out of1833 sledgehammer1834 rout1835 whop1836 skin1838 whip-saw1842 to knock (the) spots off1850 to make mincemeat of1853 to mop (up) the floor with1875 to beat pointless1877 to lick into fits1879 to take apart1880 to knock out1883 wax1884 contund1885 to give (a person) fits1885 to wipe the floor with1887 flatten1892 to knock (someone) for six1902 slaughter1903 slather1910 to hit for six1937 hammer1948 whomp1952 bulldozer1954 zilch1957 shred1966 tank1973 slam-dunk1975 beast1977 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 47 You scuruy valiant asse, thou art heere but to thrash Troyans. 1796 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 256 I shall..take my chance of helping to thrash Don Langara. 1825 tr. J. Fouché Mem. I. 320 I will conduct this war of peasants and monks..myself, and I hope to thrash the English soundly. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 2/3 A man jumped out waving his hat and exclaiming, ‘Hurrah, Wellington has thrashed Boney!’ 2019 Falkirk Herald (Nexis) 9 Nov. The Jacobites thrashed the British dragoons in what should have been a fight heavily stacked in the horsemens' favour. b. transitive. colloquial. To defeat (an opponent) easily or decisively in a game, competition, or other contest (originally esp. a physical fight). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win > defeat overplayc1460 smother1676 lurch1678 outplay1702 thrash1789 defeat1830 spreadeagle1832 thresh1852 whitewash1867 blank1870 annihilate1886 nip1893 slam1907 plaster1919 skittle1919 rip1927 maul1928 demolish1938 massacre1940 trounce1942 hammer1948 murder1952 to shut out1952 zilch1957 zip1964 trip1974 1789 World 15 Oct. [A boxer named] Perrins..went over to Dublin, where he easily thrashed all the bruisers of that country. 1860 G. D. Prentice Prenticeana 227 A stupid lawyer in Illinois got thrashed in a fist-fight the other day. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 276 The Colonel..has just been thrashing me at billiards. 1980 Newsweek (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 17 Mar. 108 The man who embittered his party's campaign and got thrashed in the bargain. 1986 B. Hastings Double Jeopardy iv. 65 She thrashed him at chess. 2021 Oxf. Mail (Nexis) 24 Apr. Plymouth were thrashed 6-0 by Charlton Athletic in midweek, their worst home Football League defeat since 1956. III. Other extended uses, chiefly relating to strenuous or violent movement. 4. a. (a) intransitive. Frequently with about or around. Of a person or animal: to fling the body or limbs around with wild or violent movements. Also of something affected by severe winds, weather, etc.: to toss or plunge wildly; to lash. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about wevea1300 wallow1362 walterc1400 wentle1481 tumble1549 thrash1821 thresh1823 1821 in Bangor (Maine) Reg. 21 June I said, Pegasus, now be steady And don't rear up, and kick, and thrash about. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn vi. 51 He didn't go sound asleep, but was uneasy. He groaned, and moaned, and thrashed around this way and that. 1900 N. Munro in Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 656/1 They saw the boughs thrash and the tree tops rise and fall like billows round the village. 1989 L. Bryce Influential Woman (1990) ix. 152 There was a fierce wind and big seas and the boat was thrashing about. 2008 Sunday Mail (S. Austral.) (Nexis) 30 Nov. (State ed.) (Suppl.) 14 It is like being a three-year-old who is denied a chocolate bar and screams and thrashes around on the floor. (b) transitive. To move (the limbs, head, body, etc.) in a wild or violent manner.In quot. 1939 reflexive: (of a fish) to swim with vigorous and violent movements of the body. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > [verb (reflexive)] > swim upstream thrash1939 1839 Boston Daily News 16 Apr. 2/1 You see him [sc. a shad] suspended, as it were, for an instant, thrashing his tail in the descending cataract in vain. 1890 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 26 Apr. 476/1 When recovering from the effects of the anæsthetic he unconsciously thrashed his arms about and struck one of the doctors in the face. 1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. ii. 60 The fish Thrashing itself upstream. 1968 J. G. Fuller Day of St. Anthony's Fire v. 86 She ran to the child's bedroom to find her thrashing her arms and legs wildly. 2002 Z. Radcliffe London Irish xvi. 216 She thrashed her head from side to side. (c) intransitive. With across, along, through, etc. To make one's way with wild or violent movements. ΚΠ 1864 N. W. Coffin Forest Arcadia xi. 126 I..saw the perplexed Brown almost crazy with excitement and fear, thrashing through the wood in a direction opposite to the camp. 1969 C. De Narvaez & J. Greenberg My Dear Dolphin 16 She thrashed across the pool as though there were devils after her. 1997 N.Y. Mag. 2 June 116 The mighty Godzilla has been rampaging through Manhattan, thrashing through Central Park..and fundamentally imperiling all life-forms. 2014 S. M. Kidd Invention of Wings 11 I escape them, thrashing along the main passage, out the front door, where I break blindly for the wharves. b. intransitive. Of the wind or a storm: to blow in violent gusts; (of the rain) to pour down in heavy showers; to lash down. Also transitive: to beat violently against (a person or thing); to lash.Sometimes with admixture of sense 2b. ΚΠ 1845 R. Howitt Impressions Austral. Felix 52 The wind thrashed the canvas as with a flail. 1874 H. M. Labouchere & W. Jesse tr. A. E. Brehm Bird-life v. 354 As in a winter's storm thrashing through the air, the snow-charged clouds..burst into flakes. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn ix. 75 The rain would thrash along by so thick. 1918 J. Hergesheimer Gold & Iron ix. 72 The storm thrashed without. 2002 D. H. Sterry Chicken (2003) xi. 120 We turn right around and head back home, rain thrashing the roof, windshield, and hood. c. intransitive. figurative. With about, around, or round. To try in a desperate or unconsidered way to do something; to cast around desperately for something. ΚΠ 1929 Chain Store Age May 42 (caption) In thrashing about for an idea to use as the basis of developing its chain, the Crown Drug Co. decided that to inject..the human touch was one way to meet competition on different ground. 1969 Times 27 Mar. 11/2 Bath city council..has been thrashing round for years in its search for playing fields. 1978 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 36/6 Mr Callaghan, in thrashing about for a reply, produced a new and optimistic definition of unemployment. 2001 Independent 3 Mar. 8/2 At a time of crisis, a government thrashing around unfairly apportioning blame wastes time which could be better spent in sorting out the matter in hand. 5. transitive. To work at or go over (something) thoroughly or repeatedly; esp. to discuss or argue about (a matter, problem, etc.) exhaustively. Also intransitive. Usually with adverb or prepositional phrase.Recorded earliest in to thrash out 2 at Phrasal verbs. See also to thrash over straw at Phrases 1. ΚΠ 1829 Pierce Egan's Weekly Courier 8 Mar. 37/5 He should not have said a single word on this threadbare question, which had been thrashed out, had he not felt that the arguments of the Member for Aldborough had been mistaken. a1876 Binorie O an Binorie iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 133/1 O sister, O sister, will ye go to the dams, To hear the blackbird thrashin oer his songs? 1892 Jrnl. Soc. Engin. 142 The question..had been introduced many times; and he had been labouring and thrashing away at it for many years. 1967 Time Capsule 1944 131 Winston Churchill's Cabinet thrashed the problem all afternoon & evening. 1999 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 11 May 10 Even if heroin felt fantastic, surely she knew it could kill her at any time? And why didn't that matter?.. Much of this we thrashed through with Zoe that day. 2004 Financial Times 18 Oct. 15/5 With armies of lawyers being readied to thrash over the results, the fear..is that the aftermath of this election could drag on. 6. Nautical. a. intransitive. To advance with difficulty against strong wind, waves, etc. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction.Cf. beat v.¹ 19a.See also to thrash one's way at Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > strive or make way against wind laveer1598 to weather it on1599 beat1677 to beat up1720 to weather along1836 thrash1855 thresh1857 1830 P. Hawker Diary 5 Feb. (1893) II. 15 Hard labour to..thrash for an hour through blocks of ice before we could get out. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xx The ship thrashed close-hauled through the rolling seas. 1898 M. E. Seawell Loves of Lady Arabella iii. 48 We were three weeks in the Bay of Biscay, thrashing to windward under topgallant-sails. 2014 Toronto Star (Nexis) 10 Sept. a13 The ship thrashed through stormy conditions, tempered seas and sheets of ice. b. transitive. To force (a vessel) to move forwards, esp. against strong wind, waves, etc. Chiefly with adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction. Now rare.Cf. beat v.¹ 19d. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > force ship against wind or sea beat1839 thrash1858 thresh1886 1858 Hunt's Yachting Mag. Mar. 64 Thrashing her up to the narrow entrance of the Cromarty Firth. 1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xv. 310 The screw began to thrash the ship along the Docks. 1914 H. Bindloss Secret of Reef xvi. 168 They stubbornly thrashed her to windward under shortened sail. 1936 Shipping Wonders of World I. i. 24/3 When Holmes had the Leucada he was thrashing her so hard through the night that, when the watch on deck was relieved..they dared not go forward to the forecastle. 7. transitive. Originally and chiefly British. To cause (an engine, motor, etc.) to work extremely hard; to drive (a vehicle) very hard and fast. Also intransitive: (of an engine, vehicle, etc.) to be worked extremely hard; to go extremely fast. ΚΠ 1916 Aeroplane 19 Jan. 150/2 The other [paste]..is easily the best stuff I know; and no matter how you thrash the motor it stays with the game. 1918 Let. in Londoner (1/25th Battalion, London Regiment) July 158/2 The din inside the tank was terrible, what with the engine thrashing away, the guns raising Cain, and the general rattle. 1968 J. Passini Weber Carburettors: Pt. 1 (1973) ii.15 One car fitted with stronger valve springs..was thrashed round the countryside. 1996 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 19 June 41 Whether it's cruising in the city or thrashing along the back roads, the MGF delivers sports car performance. 2011 Weekly Cutting Edge (Nexis) 29 Oct. These vehicles require you to floor the accelerator and thrash the engine for even moderate acceleration. Phrases P1. to thrash (over) straw and variants: to work at something that is unproductive or unprofitable; to revisit or spend more time on something that has already been resolved or completed. Cf. to thresh (over) straw at thresh v. Phrases 2. Now rare. ΚΠ 1846 Leeds Times 28 Feb. 4/2 It is astonishing how long and how loud these members talk; thrashing straw a thousand times thrashed, and extracting never a grain of wheat more. 1850 A. Swanwick tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust in tr. Dramatic Wks. 55 Leave it to neighbour Paunch;—withdraw. Why plague yourself with thrashing straw? 1895 P. Benjamin Intellect. Rise Electr. xiv. 470 The very few examples that are recorded merely thrash over old straw. 1949 Spectator 16 Sept. 360/2 In telling that story and discussing its bearing on the rise of our democracy.., Dr. Townsend is not thrashing straw. P2. to thrash one's way: (originally Nautical) to advance with difficulty against strong wind, waves, etc.; (later also more generally) to make one's way by means of strenuous effort. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction. ΚΠ 1862 Times 15 Aug. 10/5 Each craft set to thrash her way, aided, however, by the ebb, clear of the Needles. 1900 Daily News 15 Oct. 6/7 The Nuddea encountered the typhoon some distance to the southward of Hong Kong, and..had to thrash her way through it. 1988 R. Fisher Poems 183 I met the lorries, headlamps full on, thrashing their way up over Stainmore. 1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 Mar. 49/3 Nonetheless, she thrashes her way through her freshman year at college..dissatisfied with life and education. 2000 Reader's Digest Oct. 102 Because of him I notice what is in front of me..instead of thrashing my way towards goals that contain no joy in themselves. Phrasal verbs With adverbs in specialized senses. to thrash out 1. transitive. To separate the grain of (a cereal crop) from the husks and straw by any of various methods, such as by shaking, trampling, beating with a flail, or (later) by means of a combine harvester or similar machine. Cf. to thresh out 1 at thresh v. Phrasal verbs. Now chiefly regional. ΚΠ 1645 J. Downame et al. Annot. Old & New Test. sig. LL2^v In the Eastern Countries it was not the manner to thrash out Corne as we doe, but their Oxen trod it out. 1771 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. (1794) 202 The corn is thrashed out and preserved in the chaff in bykes. 1811 Sydney Gaz. 2 Mar. All the Settlers have by this time thrashed out and prepared their Wheat for delivery. 1850 Farmer's Mag. July 23/1 The employing of horses in thrashing out corn wears them out so much. 1987 Guardian 28 Sept. 32/7 Wind and rain together laid the corn in the fields, making it difficult to combine and often of poor quality when thrashed out. 2. transitive. To discuss (a matter) thoroughly in order to reach a decision, consensus, or conclusion; to arrive at (an agreement, plan, etc.) after a great deal of discussion or argument. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > hold discussions about, debate [verb (transitive)] > exhaustively beat1470 hammer1594 extund1610 crasha1670 to thresh out1805 to thrash out1829 to hash out1916 1829 Pierce Egan's Weekly Courier 8 Mar. 37/5 He should not have said a single word on this threadbare question, which had been thrashed out, had he not felt that the arguments of the Member for Aldborough had been mistaken. 1982 Times 14 May 13/2 The sisters thrash out their memories and beliefs in bleak surroundings—a museum cafeteria, prison rooms. 1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iii. 113 The seven governors assembled in the chairman's office..to thrash out the final details. 2005 Northern Echo 6 Sept. 2/2 Prime Minister Tony Blair said yesterday he was confident EU member states would sign up to a new deal thrashed out in Beijing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021). < n.1669v.1364
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