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单词 tinder
释义

tindern.

Brit. /ˈtɪndə/, U.S. /ˈtɪndər/
Forms: α. Old English tyndre, tyndir, Old English–1600s tynder, Middle English tyndyr, Middle English– tinder (1600s tindar). β. Middle English–1600s (1800s dialect) tunder, Middle English tonder, tondre, Middle English tundyr, Middle English Scottish toundire. γ. Middle English, 1500s tendre, Middle English tendern, tendere.
Etymology: Old English tynder ? masculine, and tyndre weak feminine (? < *tundrio- , *tundriôn- ), < Old Germanic *tund- weak grade of *tind- to kindle: see tind v. Cognate forms (varying in suffix and gender) are Middle Low German, Low German tunder , Dutch tonder , Old Norse tundr (Swedish tunder , Danish tønder ), Old High German zuntara (feminine) (Middle High German zunder masculine and neuter, German zunder masculine). Middle English and modern English tinder regularly represent Old English tynder ; Middle English tunder (toundir , tonder ), also modern dialect (Lincolnshire), may be from Old Norse tundr . The 13–16th cent. forms tendere , -dre , -der (implied for 13th cent. in tinder v.), were probably assimilated to the α-type of tind v.
a. Any dry inflammable substance that readily takes fire from a spark and burns or smoulders; esp. that prepared from partially charred linen and from species of Polyporus or corkwood fungus (agaric n. 1), formerly in common use to catch the spark struck from a flint with a steel, as the means of kindling a fire or ‘striking’ a light. See also German tinder n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun]
tindera700
foodOE
eletc1200
firec1300
fuela1398
eldinga1400
firingc1487
betting1521
pabulum1675
fire block1834
fire mixture1855
alternative fuel1906
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > touch-wood-paper
tindera700
tache1393
toucha1500
kindlinga1522
touchwood1575
spunk1582
matchwood1597
lint1612
funk1673
firelighter1771
saltpetre paper1832
match-paper1883
α.
a700 Epinal Gloss. (O.E.T.) 562 Isca, tyndirin [a800 Erfurt tyndrin].
a700 Epinal Gloss. (O.E.T.) 685 Naphtha, genus fomenti, id est tyndir.
a800 Leiden Gloss. 179 Isica, tyndri.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 149/30 Fomes, geswælud spoon, uel tynder.
a1050 Liber Scintill. 210 Na elleshwar gewilnunge tyndran onælþ.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14606 Þa..he..lette þe curneles ut draȝen. & tinder nom and lette i þan scalen don.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) x. viii. 379 Of a lytill sperkyll in an hepe of towe or of tyndyr cometh sodaynly a grete fyre.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 6 In spunck or tinder thee quick fyre he kindly receaued.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. Bv With so much linnen Would make you tinder, but to see a fire. View more context for this quotation
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 27 Nor may we..omit to mention the..fungus's to make Tinder.
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iii. 57 The spark in Tinder cherisht, toucht with Metch In Sulphur dip't, kindles with quick dispatch The Torch.
1777 J. Cook Voy. S. Pole I. i. vii. 113 In one there was the stone they strike fire with, and tinder made of bark.
1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 90 A machine for setting fire to tinder of the agaric by the compression of air has been for some time in use.
1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. ii. iii. 160 He strikes a light with his tinder, for lucifers he never saw.
1867 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries (1872) xv. 263 The grass was as inflammable as tinder.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator viii. 114/2 The internal spongy portion of several species of Polyporus, soaked in a solution of nitre, forms tinder.
β. c1220 Bestiary 535 Of ston mid stel in ðe tunder Wel to brennen one ðis wunder.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 7925 Hyt fareþ wyþ hem as fyre and tundyr [rhyme wundyr].1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 245 Bot þow haue towe to take it with tondre [v.r. tunder; 1393 C. xx. 211 tonder, tendere] or broches.c1480 (a1400) St. Thecla 72 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 434 Wod dry as toundire.1483 Cath. Angl. 396/1 Tundyr, Incentinum,..receptaculum ignis, ignicippium.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 283/2 Tunder to lyght a matche, fusil.1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 29v Agarik..where of som make tunder bothe in England and Germany.1612 Bk. Customs & Valuation in A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 291 Boxes called fyre or tunder boxes the groce iiii li.γ. 1377Tendere [see β. ]. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 102 Þanne maist þou wiþ tendre gete fuyre of þat ston.c1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. App. S. 7 (MS. δ) Þo let he nime tendern [other MSS. tynder, tunder].?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iii. sig. Mj They be made of softe tendre, as of seare olde lynen cloth.
b. transferred. Fire; a spark; a tinder-box; phr. to strike (on) a tinder. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > container or holder for tinder or matches
tinder-box1530
firebox1555
tinder1570
linstock1575
funk horn1673
spunk-box1721
phosphorus box1792
light box1816
spunk-flask1835
match-bottle1839
matchbox1853
match-pot1856
match-safe1860
punk-box1862
match-stand1873
match holder1884
book1899
safety box1902
matchbook1937
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Fivv/2 Tynder, incendium.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe iii. sig. E2 Ile goe strike a Tinder.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 141 Strike on the tinder, Ho: Giue me a taper. View more context for this quotation
c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 125 So, from a Tinder at ye first kindled, grew this heartburning twixt these Two great Nations.
c. figurative.
ΚΠ
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. §3 We habbað nu giet þone mæstan dæl þære tyndran þinre hæle.
a1050 Liber Scintill. lxxvii. (1889) 206 Tyndre [L. fomentum] and ceap godes cynnes lærestre mægenes deð on criste wunian symle.
1595 Polimanteia (1881) 61 They haue strook fire into the tinder of my soft heart.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 73 Finding his hot spirit to be fit tinder for such fire.
1795 ‘P. Pindar’ Pindariana 203 Nothing to gild thy solitary tinder, Save the rude flint and steel of Peter Pindar.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
tinder-lighter n.
ΚΠ
1915 V. Asquith Let. 16 Nov. in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1972) III. Compan. ii. 1272 Is there anything you haven't got for the Front? Compass? Luminous wristwatch? Muffler? Tinderlighter?
1977 ‘J. Gash’ Judas Pair ii. 25 Flintlocks..the standard tinder-lighter of history.
tinder-pouch n.
ΚΠ
1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 236 Tinder-pouch..used by Hungarian fishermen.
tinder-purse n.
ΚΠ
a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) ii. 122 We had..tynder purses.., with flint, steel, and match, to lighten our torches and candles when they went out.
b.
tinder-cloaked adj.
ΚΠ
1647 J. Cleveland Char. Diurnall-maker (1677) 101 It is like over-reach of Language, when every Thin, Tinder-cloak'd Quack must be called a Doctor.
tinder-dry adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > plants collectively > [adjective] > very dry or tinderish
tinderish1837
tinderous1870
tinder-dry1891
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed ii. 31 The tinder-dry clumps of scrub.
1896 S. R. Crockett Cleg Kelly vi He crossed the marshy end of Duddingstone Loch. It was tinder-dry with the drought.
tinder-like adj.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 49 Said, to be..hasty and Tinder-like vppon, to triuiall motion. View more context for this quotation
1887 H. R. Haggard Jess xxviii. 267 The tinderlike roof burst into a broad sheet of flame.
C2.
tinder-fungus n. a fungus from which tinder is made, as tinder-polypore n.
ΚΠ
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Tinder-fungus, a large leathery fungus..growing on trees; the amadou of commerce.
tinder-ore n. = tinder-water n.
ΚΠ
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 91 Zundererz, or Bergzunderz (= Tinder Ore) of G. Lehmann.., which is soft like tinder and dark dirty red in color,..proves to be jamesonite or feather ore mixed with red silver and arsenopyrite.
tinder-polypore n. Polyporus fomentarius.
ΚΠ
1883 R. Turner in Good Words Sept. 591/1 The common tinder-polypore has..been found in the lake-dwelling at Lochlee.
tinder-water n. see quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > universal medicine > specific
Venice treacle1617
tinder-water1748
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xlvi. 102 Tinder-water!.. Water extracted from tinder... An universal specific for all distempers.

Derivatives

ˈtindered adj. burnt to tinder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [adjective] > burnt > to tinder
tindered1809
1809 T. Cowdell Poet. Jrnl. 40 in Nova Scotia Minstr. (1811) 47 Her tinder'd garments in my hand.
ˈtinderish adj. of the nature of tinder, tinder-like.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > plants collectively > [adjective] > very dry or tinderish
tinderish1837
tinderous1870
tinder-dry1891
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [adjective]
tinderish1837
1837 A. Langton Jrnl. 8 July in Gentlewoman Upper Canada (1950) 15 From her gingham never having been washed I suppose it was more tinderish than my sister's and mine.
1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. xii A sound as of the pressure of a light foot upon tinderish brushwood.
ˈtinderous adj. = tinderish adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > plants collectively > [adjective] > very dry or tinderish
tinderish1837
tinderous1870
tinder-dry1891
1870 Daily News 18 July The furze is dry and tinderous.
1889 W. C. Russell Marooned II. ix. 262 So damp and tinderous too was the timber.
ˈtinderly adv. like tinder, in a tinder-like degree.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > sensitiveness or tenderness > [adverb]
quicklyOE
tenderlya1400
tender1424
feelingly1706
susceptibly1785
sensitively1824
tinderly1825
soulfully1841
uncynically1895
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 343 Harriet was tinderly tender.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tindertenderv.

Etymology: Middle English tendren , < tendre, γ-form of tinder n.
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. To become inflamed, glow, burn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > very > glow
glowc1000
tinderc1230
gleed1567
c1230 Hali Meid. 31 Ti neb ute-wið tendreð ut of tene.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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