† bothenn.

Forms: Old English boðen, Old English–Middle English boþen, early Middle English boþe, early Middle English boþena, Middle English bodwine (probably transmission error), Middle English bodym, Middle English bothom, Middle English bothon, Middle English bothun, Middle English botome, Middle English boþom, Middle English boþume, Middle English boyiun, Middle English boyne, Middle English boyome, Middle English boyton, Middle English budent, Middle English 1600s (1800s Cornwall) bothem, late Old English–Middle English 1600s 1800s–1900s bothen, 1800s botham (south-western).

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps compare the second element of Old High German beresboto weed, darnel (itself of uncertain and disputed origin), and for the ulterior etymology perhaps compare ancient Greek ϕυτόν plant (see phyto- comb. form). Compare bozzum n., and English regional (Dorset) botherum , botherem corn marigold (19th cent.). Compare also bottle n.², buddle n.¹Compare Old English bogen (early Middle English boȝen ) denoting a plant of uncertain identity, perhaps rosemary, and its probable reflex English regional (Cumberland) bowens (also booin ) groundsel, ragwort (19th cent.). In Old English and early Middle English this word seems to be interchangeable with the present word in some contexts (compare quots. eOE, OE¹), and it has been suggested that it was originally a variant of it, although this poses phonological problems. Also attested as a place-name element, implying wider currency in early Middle English than is otherwise apparent: Bothenewode, Dorset (1323, now Bothenwood).

Obsolete (English regional in later use).

Any of various plants often found growing among corn, esp. ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare (more fully white bothen), cornflower, Centaurea cyanus (more fully blue bothen), and corn marigold, Glebionis segetum (more fully yellow bothen). In early use also: (apparently) any of several aromatic medicinal herbs, esp. rosemary, Rosmarinus officinale. Cf. bottle n.², buddle n.¹See also bluebottle n. 1a, white bottle n., yellow-bottle n. 1.The early identification (chiefly in glossaries) with rosemary and other aromatic plants such as thyme and lavender is puzzling, and may ultimately rest on an error.

ΚΠ

eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. iv. 310 Gif þa teþ synd hole ceow boþenes [altered from bogenes] moran mid ecede on þa healfe .

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) lxxxi. 120 Ðeos wyrt þe man rosmarim & oðrum naman boþen [?a1200 Harl. 6258B boȝen, altered from boȝan] nemneþ byþ cenned on sandigum landum & on wyrtbeddum.

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 120 Lolium, boþen, et cetera & oþre Adulterina lyðre genera cynn.

lOE Durham Plant Gloss. 17 Rosmarinum, sundeav uel bothen uel feldmedere.

a1200 ( Laud Plant Gloss. 58 Ros marinum, .i. ualeriana, uel boþena.

a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 199 (MED) Pjla is an herbe þat me cleputh ȝelwe bothen or ȝolwe golden; þis herbe hath leues lich to þe leues of white bothen.

a1500 Agnus Castus (Harl.) (1950) 167 (MED) Nedele or blewboþen [a1450 Royal blew boyome, ?a1450 Stockh. blewbothel].

a1500 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 175 Goldysbothun.

?1540 Knowl., Properties, & Vertues Herbes (new ed.) sig. D.ii^v Consolida media is called whyte Bothyn or whyte Goldes, this herbe hath leues somwhat longe,..& hath a whyte flower that is som what lyke to dayse.

1597 J. Gerard Herball Suppl. Gen. Table White Bothen is great Daisie.

1651 D. Border Πολυϕαρμακος και Χυμιστης Table Eng. Names Consolida minor, Bothem, or Deasie. Consolida media, White Bothem, or Deasie... Jacitus Rusticus, Blew Bothem.

1812 W. Stevenson Gen. View Agric. Dorset 465 Botham, the corn marigold.

1856 W. J. Hooker & T. B. Salter Bromfield's Flora Vectensis (new ed.) 259 Corn Marigold. Vect. Yellow Bozzum. Hants, Bothen.

1895 J. C. Mansel-Pleydell Flora Dorsetshire 163 C[hrysanthemum] segetum, Linn. Corn Marigold. Yellow Ox-eye. (Dorset, Botham.)

1920 W. E. Brenchley Weeds of Farm Land xiii. 211 (gloss.) Chrysanthemum leucanthemum..white bothen.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† bothenadj.

Forms:

α. Middle English bothen, Middle English boþen.

β. Middle English bothens, Middle English boþins.

γ. Middle English bothenerys.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: both adj.

Etymology: A genitive form of both adj.; compare earlier bother adj. With later use perhaps compare -en suffix⁴. In β. forms with addition of the genitive ending -s ; compare β. forms at bother adj. In γ. forms perhaps with alteration after forms of bother adj.For a discussion of the development of the construction and its successors in later English see bother adj. The ending probably shows the reflex of the early Middle English genitive plural ending -ene (Old English weak genitive plural -ena ). Compare also early Middle English (non-genitival) forms of both pron. in -en (see discussion at that entry).

Obsolete.

Of or belonging to both the people specified. In early use following (or occasionally preceding) the genitive of a plural personal pronoun; in later use following a plural possessive adjective. Cf. both adj. 4, bother adj.

ΚΠ

α.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 697 Betere us is of londe to fle, And berwen boþen ure liues, And mine children, and mine wiues.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 677 (MED) Hure scheldes..were al to-hewe Vnder hure boþen fete.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 1131 (MED) My conseil is, for oure boþen ese..to appese.

c1490 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 134 (MED) The vew off the partable wall..bytwen ther bothen growndes..here afftir folowith.

β. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 12 (MED) Þei schuld be her boþins wylle..chastysyn hem-self.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 1890 (MED) [S]he shal be offred..of youre bothens vow.1479 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 54 As moste beste can be advysed by ther bothens counsell.γ. 1444 in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 25 To do and labour that is to youre bothenerys pleaser.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bothen
释义	† bothenn. Forms: Old English boðen, Old English–Middle English boþen, early Middle English boþe, early Middle English boþena, Middle English bodwine (probably transmission error), Middle English bodym, Middle English bothom, Middle English bothon, Middle English bothun, Middle English botome, Middle English boþom, Middle English boþume, Middle English boyiun, Middle English boyne, Middle English boyome, Middle English boyton, Middle English budent, Middle English 1600s (1800s Cornwall) bothem, late Old English–Middle English 1600s 1800s–1900s bothen, 1800s botham (south-western). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps compare the second element of Old High German beresboto weed, darnel (itself of uncertain and disputed origin), and for the ulterior etymology perhaps compare ancient Greek ϕυτόν plant (see phyto- comb. form). Compare bozzum n., and English regional (Dorset) botherum , botherem corn marigold (19th cent.). Compare also bottle n.², buddle n.¹Compare Old English bogen (early Middle English boȝen ) denoting a plant of uncertain identity, perhaps rosemary, and its probable reflex English regional (Cumberland) bowens (also booin ) groundsel, ragwort (19th cent.). In Old English and early Middle English this word seems to be interchangeable with the present word in some contexts (compare quots. eOE, OE¹), and it has been suggested that it was originally a variant of it, although this poses phonological problems. Also attested as a place-name element, implying wider currency in early Middle English than is otherwise apparent: Bothenewode, Dorset (1323, now Bothenwood). Obsolete (English regional in later use). Any of various plants often found growing among corn, esp. ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare (more fully white bothen), cornflower, Centaurea cyanus (more fully blue bothen), and corn marigold, Glebionis segetum (more fully yellow bothen). In early use also: (apparently) any of several aromatic medicinal herbs, esp. rosemary, Rosmarinus officinale. Cf. bottle n.², buddle n.¹See also bluebottle n. 1a, white bottle n., yellow-bottle n. 1.The early identification (chiefly in glossaries) with rosemary and other aromatic plants such as thyme and lavender is puzzling, and may ultimately rest on an error. ΚΠ eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. iv. 310 Gif þa teþ synd hole ceow boþenes [altered from bogenes] moran mid ecede on þa healfe . OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) lxxxi. 120 Ðeos wyrt þe man rosmarim & oðrum naman boþen [?a1200 Harl. 6258B boȝen, altered from boȝan] nemneþ byþ cenned on sandigum landum & on wyrtbeddum. OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 120 Lolium, boþen, et cetera & oþre Adulterina lyðre genera cynn. lOE Durham Plant Gloss. 17 Rosmarinum, sundeav uel bothen uel feldmedere. a1200 ( Laud Plant Gloss. 58 Ros marinum, .i. ualeriana, uel boþena. a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 199 (MED) Pjla is an herbe þat me cleputh ȝelwe bothen or ȝolwe golden; þis herbe hath leues lich to þe leues of white bothen. a1500 Agnus Castus (Harl.) (1950) 167 (MED) Nedele or blewboþen [a1450 Royal blew boyome, ?a1450 Stockh. blewbothel]. a1500 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 175 Goldysbothun. ?1540 Knowl., Properties, & Vertues Herbes (new ed.) sig. D.ii^v Consolida media is called whyte Bothyn or whyte Goldes, this herbe hath leues somwhat longe,..& hath a whyte flower that is som what lyke to dayse. 1597 J. Gerard Herball Suppl. Gen. Table White Bothen is great Daisie. 1651 D. Border Πολυϕαρμακος και Χυμιστης Table Eng. Names Consolida minor, Bothem, or Deasie. Consolida media, White Bothem, or Deasie... Jacitus Rusticus, Blew Bothem. 1812 W. Stevenson Gen. View Agric. Dorset 465 Botham, the corn marigold. 1856 W. J. Hooker & T. B. Salter Bromfield's Flora Vectensis (new ed.) 259 Corn Marigold. Vect. Yellow Bozzum. Hants, Bothen. 1895 J. C. Mansel-Pleydell Flora Dorsetshire 163 C[hrysanthemum] segetum, Linn. Corn Marigold. Yellow Ox-eye. (Dorset, Botham.) 1920 W. E. Brenchley Weeds of Farm Land xiii. 211 (gloss.) Chrysanthemum leucanthemum..white bothen. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † bothenadj. Forms: α. Middle English bothen, Middle English boþen. β. Middle English bothens, Middle English boþins. γ. Middle English bothenerys. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: both adj. Etymology: A genitive form of both adj.; compare earlier bother adj. With later use perhaps compare -en suffix⁴. In β. forms with addition of the genitive ending -s ; compare β. forms at bother adj. In γ. forms perhaps with alteration after forms of bother adj.For a discussion of the development of the construction and its successors in later English see bother adj. The ending probably shows the reflex of the early Middle English genitive plural ending -ene (Old English weak genitive plural -ena ). Compare also early Middle English (non-genitival) forms of both pron. in -en (see discussion at that entry). Obsolete. Of or belonging to both the people specified. In early use following (or occasionally preceding) the genitive of a plural personal pronoun; in later use following a plural possessive adjective. Cf. both adj. 4, bother adj. ΚΠ α. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 697 Betere us is of londe to fle, And berwen boþen ure liues, And mine children, and mine wiues. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 677 (MED) Hure scheldes..were al to-hewe Vnder hure boþen fete. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 1131 (MED) My conseil is, for oure boþen ese..to appese. c1490 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 134 (MED) The vew off the partable wall..bytwen ther bothen growndes..here afftir folowith. β. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 12 (MED) Þei schuld be her boþins wylle..chastysyn hem-self.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 1890 (MED) [S]he shal be offred..of youre bothens vow.1479 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 54 As moste beste can be advysed by ther bothens counsell.γ. 1444 in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 25 To do and labour that is to youre bothenerys pleaser. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.eOEadj.c1300
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