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单词 tomb
释义

tombn.

Brit. /tuːm/, U.S. /tum/
Forms:

α. Middle English thoumbe, Middle English tompe, Middle English toumebe (probably transmission error), Middle English tounbe, Middle English tumba, Middle English tvmbe, Middle English–1500s thombe, Middle English–1500s tumbe, Middle English–1600s tombe, Middle English–1600s toumb, Middle English–1600s toumbe, Middle English–1600s towmbe, Middle English–1600s tumb, Middle English– tomb, 1500s–1600s toomb, 1500s–1600s toombe; also Scottish pre-1700 towmbe, pre-1700 twmb.

β. Middle English–1500s tome, Middle English–1500s towme, 1500s–1600s toom, 1500s–1600s toome; also Scottish pre-1700 toim, pre-1700 tom, pre-1700 tome, pre-1700 toume, pre-1700 tovme, pre-1700 towm, pre-1700 towme, 1900s– teem (north-eastern).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French tombe.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman toumbe, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French tombe, Anglo-Norman and Middle French tumbe (mid 12th cent.; French tombe) place of burial, grave (c1150), sepulchral monument, grave marker (1311), (in extended use) death (16th cent. or earlier) < post-classical Latin tumba (5th cent.) < ancient Greek τύμβος burial mound, grave, further etymology uncertain and disputed (see below).Romance parallels. Compare Old Occitan tumba , Catalan tomba (14th cent.), Spanish tumba (13th cent.), Portuguese tumba (15th cent. as tonba , tomba ), Italian tomba (beginning of the 14th cent.). Ulterior etymology. With ancient Greek τύμβος compare ancient Greek (Corcyrean) τῦμος (6th cent. b.c.). Two etymologies within Indo-European have been suggested: the Greek word may be cognate with classical Latin tumulus tumulus n., tumēre to swell, and thumb n., or it may derive from the same base as ancient Greek τύϕη Typha n. It is also possible that the word is not Indo-European (the suffix with a voiced labial does not correspond to a recognized Indo-European type). Specific senses. In sense 5 after the corresponding post-classical Latin specific use (18th cent. or earlier) of classical Latin tumba. Pronunciation. The final b became mute in the Middle English period, and the β. forms graphically reflect this sound change; compare e.g. lamb n.1, dumb adj. The retention of b is due to the influence of the French and Latin words. Earlier attestation as surname. Also attested early as a surname (Willelmus de Tomb, 1284–5), although it is unclear whether this shows currency of the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word.
1.
a. A place of burial; an excavation, chamber, vault, or other space used for the interment of the dead; a grave.beehive tomb, chamber tomb, passage tomb, tholos tomb, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun]
buriels854
througheOE
burianOE
graveOE
lairc1000
lair-stowc1000
lich-restc1000
pitOE
grass-bedOE
buriness1175
earth housec1200
sepulchrec1200
tombc1300
lakec1320
buriala1325
monumenta1325
burying-place1382
resting placea1387
sepulturea1387
beda1400
earth-beda1400
longhousea1400
laystow1452
lying1480
delfa1500
worms' kitchen?a1500
bier1513
laystall1527
funeral?a1534
lay-bed1541
restall1557
cellarc1560
burying-grave1599
pit-hole1602
urn1607
cell1609
hearse1610
polyandrum1627
requietory1631
burial-place1633
mortuary1654
narrow cell1686
ground-sweat1699
sacred place1728
narrow house1792
plot1852
narrow bed1854
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > types of tomb > [noun] > monumental
tombc1300
mourning house1402
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 2341 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 173 Riȝt so he wende to þe stude þere seint thomas lai At is toumbe he feol a-doun a-kneo wepinde wel sore.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2617 He bad þat..me is bodi nome & bured it..In an tumbe suiþe hey þat hii miȝte hit ver yse.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17798 Yee sal find þair tumbs [Gött. tumbes] tome [= toom].
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3122 (MED) Þrye þe lomb ron abouȝt þe tomb.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 110 Than they toke the body out of the tombe.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. vii. 16 At the tumbe [L. tumulum]..Quhair beryit was Hector of maist renoun.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 183 Þis burd was broght to þe bare toumb.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xiv. 187 Tombes are the clothes of the dead.
1693 N. Tate tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xv. 304 Convey'd to earth, and Cradled in a Tomb.
1786 W. M. Smith Poems 37 Let me wander, thro' the churchyard gloom, And gaze attentive on the grassy tomb.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. xvi. 389 A tomb..which was generally believed to contain his bones.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. xiv. 248 He beheld St. Etheldreda and her maidens rise from their tombs by night.
1922 Times 30 Nov. 13/3 Beyond this..lies another chamber which may prove to be the actual tomb of the king whose funeral relics lie in bewildering profusion in the first two rooms.
1951 J. Hawkes Land vii. 114 The cruciform megalithic tomb of Maeshowe in the Orkneys, the finest monument of its kind in Britain.
2015 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 16 Aug. 18 His parish..is the last stop on the pilgrims' route to Bardsey Island, where holy men sleep in their tombs.
b. A coffin, a sarcophagus. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [noun] > coffin
chestc890
througheOE
tombc1300
cofferc1381
kista1400
coffin1525
box1614
sandapile1623
wooden doublet1761
pillbox1789
casket1849
wooden surtout1864
pine overcoat1890
overcoat1904
wooden kimono1926
pine drape1945
wooden suit1968
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 3031 Hii makede one tumbe [c1275 Calig. tunne] of golde and of gimes þane kinge hii dude þar-ine..and leide hine mid honure heȝe in þan toure.
c1300 11000 Virgins (Harl.) l. 162 in Eng. Stud. (1923) 57 107 (MED) Þo þis bodi him was bitake, tuelf monþ he let hit beo..in a chiste of treo..Þis monekes þo hi þis iseȝe adrad & sori were; To þe tumbe [c1300 Laud cheste] hi wende þer heo was & nefonde hire noȝt þere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14318 (MED) He bad þe graf suld be vndon, Of þe tumb tak of þe lidd.
c1450 ( St. Bartholomew (Egerton) in R. Hamer Three Lives from Gilte Legende (1978) 81 (MED) Whanne the Paynimes of hym sawe that his sepulcre was gretly worshipped..thei had gret dispite, and putte hym in to a tumbe of lede, and caste hym in to the see.
c. A monument constructed to cover or mark a burial place, or as a memorial to the dead; (formerly also) †a tombstone erected over a grave (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun]
tomb?a1400
memoryc1475
monument1594
the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun] > cenotaph
tomb?a1400
cenotaph1603
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 7677 Bi þe se side birie me þere... Do mak a toumbe þat long may laste.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 77 Kynge Arthure lette make the tombe of kynge Lotte passyng rychely.
1545 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 234 Fortie poundes..to make a tombe over my grave.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iii. xii. 256 The common sort haue their toombes of marble engrauen with letters.
1657 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 234 To make a Toombe ouer his wiues Graue.
a1718 T. Parnell Poems Several Occasions (1721) 154 The Marble Tombs that rise on high, Whose Dead in vaulted Arches lye.
1780 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (new ed.) I. xxxiii. 218 It is presumable that those who protected Ludlow, did not approve of this part of his story, and on that account a particular mention of it was not made on his tomb.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. vii. 13 I paused to contemplate a tomb on which lay the effigy of a knight in complete armour.
1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex Introd. 14 Two members of the family have rich canopied tombs in the church.
2008 Church Times 25 July 25/3 No one would deny the attention-grabbing sumptuousness of Henry VII's tomb in Westminster Abbey.
d. In extended use. Any location or thing that is or may become the last resting place of a corpse; (also figurative) the place in which a lost, disused, or discarded object lies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > anything like or used as
grave1559
tomb?1566
morgue1850
?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi ii. sig. E.vii The Prophet Ieremie being pricked with the like spirite,..doeth wishe that his mothers wombe had serued for his tombe [Fr. tombeau].
1652 Great & Famous Sea-fight Eng. & Dutch 4 So close and thick did they ply the enemy with Key-shot, long Chains, and Bolts of Iron, that divers of the Dutch were inforced to make the Sea their Tomb.
1714 A. Philips tr. Thousand & One Days I. 278 I am determined to cast my self headlong into one of these unsearchable Gulphs, which Heaven without doubt has reserved for my Tomb.
1791 tr. J. P. C. de Florian Galatea iv. 222 I pursued my way to the cavern... The obscurity and the total retirement of that habitation, made me chuse it for my tomb.
1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms i. 646 The sails now serve them for a shroud, And the sea-cave is their tomb.
c1885 L. Hearn tr. in G. M. Gould Concerning L. Hearn (1908) viii. 142 The serpent-of-the-rattles Who knows how to charm the little bird, And who has a mouth ever ready for it To serve it for a tomb!
1913 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 July 195/1 To be of any use, the report must not be consigned to the dusty tomb of a pigeon-hole, but must be followed by immediate action.
1931 Evening Gaz. & Republican (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) 2 June 22/2 This abandoned ship, the S. S. Harvard, might have been the watery tomb of 500 Memorial day excursionists if it had not been for a prompt rescue.
1988 Hobart Mercury (Nexis) 6 June Tunnels believed to have become tombs for 57 miners.
2012 L. C. Steffy Man who thought like Ship xii. 127 After two thousand years in its muddy tomb, the ancient boat took to the water once again.
2. Chiefly with the. The grave considered as the natural and inevitable destination of all people; death.See also from the womb to the tomb at womb n. Phrases a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun] > state or condition of
deathOE
homeOE
restOE
sleepOE
powderc1300
corruptiona1340
gravec1380
darkness1535
silence1535
tomb1559
iron sleep1573
another country1597
iron slumber1604
deadness1607
deadlihead1612
deadlihood1659
nothingness1813
unlivingness1914
post-mortemity1922
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Henry VI. f. lxxxiiv Would god the rufull toumbe had bene my royall trone.
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World 59 The Young and Strong make more haste to the Tomb, than the Aged and Weak.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. x. 66 Our Minds represent to us those Tombs, to which we are approaching.
1769 T. Gray Ode at Installation Duke of Grafton 50 Charity, that glows beyond the tomb.
1787 J. Ryland in J. Rippon Selection of Hymns dxlv. sig. Pp2v He that form'd me in the Womb He shall guide me to the Tomb.
1822 Ld. Byron Heaven & Earth i. iii, in Liberal 1 206 Than to behold the universal tomb.
1866 J. E. Cooke Surry of Eagle's-nest i. 10 To..reproduce those figures which have descended into the tomb, is the aim which I propose to myself in writing these memoirs.
1929 M. Reed tr. M. Vaucaire Bolivar the Liberator l. 197 If my death can bring an end to discord I shall go down happy to the tomb.
1990 M. van Duyn Near Changes iv. 68 I thought, where is joy without fresh bloom, that old hearts' ploy to mask the tomb?
3. figurative and in figurative contexts. Something likened to a tomb, esp. in being impenetrable, final, or impossible to return from; spec. the notional resting place of something which is extinct, forgotten, or past; a place where something comes to an end.
ΚΠ
1565 tr. Origen Homilie of Marye Magdalene sig. C.vii I dare boldely vndertake, if in faith thou shalte stande at the tombe of thy hearte.
1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes I. lxx. 83 Euerie mans heart is a Toombe, and euerie mannes tongue writes an Epitaph vpon the well behaued.
1677 tr. J. Camus True Tragical Hist. Two Ital. Families i. 13 The living Brother shall raise up seed to the dead, to retrieve his Name and Memory from the Tomb of oblivion.
1734 R. Morris Lect. Archit. iii. 40 Genius's who brought Architecture from its Tomb, and rais'd it, like the Phoenix, to new Life from its Ashes.
1769 M. S. Cooper Exemplary Mother II. lxiii. 109 No wonder then that marriage soon becomes the tomb of their affection.
1809 Med. Repository 3rd Hexade 1 145 So long as a disease remains in any respect unknown, so long is it the duty of the practitioners of medicine to make every effort to hunt it from its tomb of obscurity.
1838 Monthly Mag. Jan. 83 France began to study America, which had hitherto been represented by one party as a model of excellence, and by others as the tomb of all useful and necessary institutions.
1861 Reynold's Newspaper 21 July 8/2 In the public estimation, the House of Lords has become the tomb of all political greatness.
1907 Nation (N.Y.) 12 Sept. 222/2 The office of mayor has been the tomb of many political ambitions.
2009 Advertiser (Austral.) (Nexis) 10 Apr. 19 People who have stood at the tomb of their hopes and refused to give in.
4. U.S. colloquial. In plural. With the and capital initial. (A nickname for) the New York City Halls of Justice and House of Detention, built in 1838, and subsequent prisons serving New York City (currently the Manhattan Detention Complex in Lower Manhattan).The name may have arisen as an allusion to the architecture of the original Tombs, which was famous for its Egyptian Revival style (cf. quot. 1842); this building was replaced in 1902.
ΚΠ
1840 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 27 Aug. 2/3 Poor Chapman..is in the ‘Tombs’, charged with false swearing at an election.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. vi. 199 What is this dismal-fronted pile of bastard Egyptian..!—a famous prison, called the Tombs.
1889 Dixon (Illinois) Sun 28 Aug. Snyder was committed to the Tombs without bail.
1935 A. G. Macdonell Visit to Amer. iii. 53 A criminal had been brought from the Tombs..to be examined in the ‘Line-Up’.
2005 Vanity Fair May 184/1 Another of Becker's men, William Alberts, better known as Big Jack Zelig, was in the Tombs.
5. Roman Catholic Church. A cavity in an altar intended to contain a relic or relics placed there at the altar's consecration. Cf. sepulchre n. Additions. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > parts of altar > [noun] > cavity
tomb1886
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 357/2 Every altar used for the celebration of mass must, according to Roman Catholic rule, contain some authorized relics. These are inserted into a cavity prepared for their reception, called ‘the tomb’, by the bishop of the diocese, and sealed up with the episcopal seal.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive, as tomb entrance, tomb marker, tomb slab, etc.Recorded earliest in tombstone n.
ΚΠ
?1520 in A. H. Thompson Visitations Diocese Lincoln, 1517–1531 (1940) I. 134 Idem rector idem rector accepit duos lapides anglice Tumbe stonys.
1625 J. Stradling Divine Poemes vii. 270 Vpon the Tombe dore-stone he [sc. an angel] sweetly sits.
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 408 Tomb-Burglary in this kind, being so uncouth a Case, as Law never made Provision against it.
1771 A. Meagher Popish Mass Celebrated 51 The Romanists have..their Angel-worship,..Relic-worship, Tomb-worship, Well-worship, &c. &c.
1785 T. Cumber Diary in Home Counties Mag. (1902) 4 226 The following inscription on a tomb board.
1830 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 15 Sept. (advt.) The villain or villains, who broke the Marble Tomb Slab, at my shop on Sunday night last.
1885 North Manchester (Wabash County, Indiana) Jrnl. 10 Sept. 1/5 Mrs. Grant walked to the tomb entrance with her face heavily veiled.
1906 Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 896 Such an almost pathetic beauty is the dominant note of the later tomb-reliefs of Athenian sculpture.
1958 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 62 179/2 A fairly large narrow stone slab, which might perhaps have been intended for use as a tomb marker.
2000 R. King Brunelleschi's Dome (2001) xviii. 156 There is no grand monument.., only a simple marble tomb slab.
b. Objective, as tomb-breaker, tomb-builder, tomb-maker, etc.
ΚΠ
1580 Indenture in Archæol. Jrnl. (1851) 8 185 Richard Roiley..Tumbe maker.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 51 These Tombe-breakers, these graue-diggers.
1838 Leicester Chron. 10 Nov. Mr. George Dare, glazier and tomb engraver.
1865 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 380 They were the tomb plunderers.
1882 Harper's Mag. July 186/2 Their ostensible calling being that of guides and donkey-masters, their private profession that of tomb-breakers and mummy-snatchers.
1939 W. B. Yeats Last Poems 20 What great tomb-haunter sweeps the distant sky.
1963 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 67 358/1 The purpose of the slab in the north wall is not clear, unless the tomb-builder feared the rubble corbelling would not support the roof.
2010 F. Lentricchia Ital. Actress 106 Look, my tomb-lover—are you alive?
c. Similative, as tomb-black, tomb-cold, tomb-dark, etc.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. viii. sig. T5 To decke his herce, and trap his tomblacke steed.
1825 W. Tennant John Baliol i. i. 4 'Tis she; 'tis she; Black, black, tomb-black as the calamitous And dismal freight she is surcharged with!
1839 J. C. Mangan tr. J. Kerner in Dublin Univ. Mag. June 672 Slowly through the tomb-still streets I go.
1917 Hunter-Trader-Trapper May 81/1 The next half hour was tomb-quiet.
1966 J. K. Baxter Pig Island Lett. 23 Caryatids Hoisting up, on bent knees, The weight of a tomb-dark winter sky.
2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 14 Jan. (Features section) 5 I remember the museum as a cheerless place where..students would huddle in a tomb-cold library.
d. Instrumental, as tomb-lined, tomb-paved, tomb-strewn, etc.
ΚΠ
1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 4 The throng moves slowly o'er the tomb-pav'd ground.
a1889 G. M. Hopkins Nondum in Month (1915) Sept. 247 I move along life's tomb-decked way.
1906 Daily Chron. 20 July 5/5 In a quiet tomb-strewn graveyard among the winding lanes of Welwyn.
1923 H. A. Franck Wandering Northern China xiii. 237 The most magnificent of the Eastern Tombs, perhaps the finest one in all tomb-ridden China.
2005 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Oct. 28 What has brought us here, to this city of death.., hundreds of us, old and young, strolling the tomb-lined avenues?
e. Appositive, as tomb cave, tomb chapel, tomb temple, etc.
ΚΠ
1856 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 12 May You look through the open-work doors into the little tomb-chapels.
1891 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard Christ I. 310 (note) Numerous tomb-caves are still to be seen hollowed out of the mountain-side.
1901 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 33 The tomb-palaces of long-dead kings.
1904 H. Spencer Autobiogr. II. xii. lvii. 335 The thing which impressed me was the tomb-temple in which we picnic'd.
1952 Israel Explor. Jrnl. 2 166 In 1941 an Early Bronze Age tomb-cave was found at Kibbus Kinneret west of Khirbet el-Kerak.
2012 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 71 303/2 Massive granodiorite statues of Sekhmet that had been commissioned by Amenhotep III for his tomb chapel.
C2.
tomb chamber n. chiefly Archaeology a vault or room for human remains; a burial chamber; cf. chamber n. 10c.
ΚΠ
1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. viii. 115 The Old Man answered nothing, but he held His garment and to the door Of the Tomb Chamber followed him.
1906 W. M. F. Petrie Relig. Anc. Egypt iii. 12 In Upper Egypt at present a hole is left at the top of the tomb chamber; and I have seen a woman remove the covering of the hole, and talk down to her deceased husband.
2013 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 72 291/2 The timbers used in the construction of the tomb chamber were felled in 740 +4/-7 b.c.e.
tomb chest n. a large rectangular free-standing funerary monument typically positioned above a tomb in a church, usually resembling a stone chest or altar decorated with carvings, inscriptions, or heraldic motifs, and sometimes surmounted by a recumbent effigy or other representation of the deceased; a similar monument in a churchyard or cemetery, not usually bearing an effigy.
ΚΠ
1917 Burlington Mag. Nov. 193/2 A remarkable tomb chest in Salisbury Cathedral.
1955 M. D. Anderson Imagery Brit. Churches ii. ii. 44 The late medieval tomb chests often have small figures arranged in niches all round them.
2004 Church Times 31 Dec. 28/3 Black tomb-chests glisten with grime in the churchyard opposite.
tomb-dweller n. a person or creature, esp. a supernatural being, that lives in a tomb.
ΚΠ
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland xv. 275 It is told of Grettir that he broke open an old vikings-cairn, and, after a hard struggle with the tomb-dweller, despoiled him of his sword and treasures.
1925 H. R. Haggard Queen of Dawn viii. 89 About my neck I have a holy charm which is said to defend its wearer from all tomb-dwellers and other evil things.
1932 Medicine Hat (Alberta) News 24 Oct. 7/5 The tomb-dweller..told the police he had been living there because he was unable to find other shelter.
1993 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 25 Feb. 24 Tens of thousands of people are living in the capital's graveyard. Here's a rare look into the closed world of Egypt's tomb-dwellers.
2009 Thanet Times (Nexis) 25 Aug. 3 A gloriously gruesome tomb-dweller..with his wrappings eerily unfurling.
tomb effigy n. a representation of a person used to mark or adorn a tomb; esp. a stone sculpture of the deceased on a tomb in a church, abbey, etc., chiefly represented lying down and usually clothed or wearing armour (cf. tomb chest n.).
ΚΠ
1821 J. B. Gilchrist Hindee Moral Preceptor (ed. 2) ii. 115/1 Dhora, tomb effigy (also called dhorha).
1929 Bull. Metrop. Mus. Art 24 54/2 Visitors to The Cloisters will recall the beautiful thirteenth-century tomb effigy of a knight placed on a low base in the center of the nave.
2015 Malton & Pickering (Yorks.) Mercury (Nexis) 20 Feb. Robert de Ros, lord of Helmsley..died in 1226 and his tomb effigy is at Temple Church, London.
tomb figure n. (a) a representation of a person used to mark or adorn a tomb; esp. = tomb effigy n.; (b) (chiefly Archaeology) a statue of a person or animal forming part of the grave goods buried with an individual.
ΚΠ
1853 Jrnl. Sacred Lit. Jan. 295 In their civilian costume, apparently that given in the Temah'u tomb-figures, they wore, not their own hair, but a kind of wig-like head-gear.
1882 Builder 1 July 3/1 In the Mediaeval period, the tomb-figures are always represented recumbent and generally as if to convey the idea of sleep.
1925 B. Rackham in R. Fry et al. Chinese Art 13 In his wonderful tomb figures..we come to the very border-line of sculpture.
1942 Metropol. Museum Art Bull. 1 49/2 Four recumbent tomb figures.
2012 Sarasota (Florida) Herald Tribune (Nexis) 23 Aug. e30 A small goat figurine from 220 BCE..was a tomb figure, placed with human remains to help carry the spirit to the next world.
tomb figurine n. chiefly Archaeology a statuette or similar small representation of a person or animal forming part of the grave goods buried with an individual; cf. tomb figure n. (b).
ΚΠ
1914 Burlington Mag. May 70/2 Compared with the tomb figurines they are as the moon among the lesser lights.
1976 ‘M. Delving’ China Expert v. 56 Tashjian..had..unloaded an extremely dubious Han tomb figurine on an unsuspecting German dealer.
2010 W. Hung Art of Yellow Springs ii. 100 Abundant archaeological evidence proves Confucius' claim, that tomb figurines first emerged as substitutes for human sacrifice.
tomb furniture n. Archaeology objects or artefacts placed in a tomb for burial with the deceased, frequently comprising household goods, furnishings, utensils, and other equipment of the sort used by the person in life; grave goods.
ΚΠ
1888 Classical Rev. 2 91/2 The Etruscan sarcophagus recently acquired by the British Museum, with woodcuts of the tomb furniture.
1977 Times 23 Apr. 13/3 The increasing vogue for tomb ‘furniture’ among the lower echelons of T'ang society.
2004 Brit. School at Athens Stud. 12 477/1 A characteristic item of tomb furniture at Knossos seems to have been a small wooden chest with bronze fittings.
tomb-house n. a building constructed to house or serve as a tomb for an individual or group; a mausoleum, mortuary chapel, vault, etc.
ΚΠ
1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter iv. 136 A little Building of Free-stone raised by Cardinal Wolsey, called the Tombe-house.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. iv. 104 Leland says that..Henry VII. pulled it down, and erected the present tomb-house in it's place.
1854 Proc. & Trans. Kilkenny & South-east Ireland Archaeol. Soc. 3 117 Beneath the east window is an aspiring tomb-house, indicating the gathering together, in slow but sure succession, of kindred dust.
1952 Brit. Museum Q. 17 54 In..western Indo-China..the corner posts of tomb-houses..are sometimes carved with human heads.
2012 M. Greenhalgh Constantinople to Córdoba 183 Splendid stone or marble tombs or tomb-houses.
tomb painting n. chiefly Archaeology a painting (typically a wall painting or fresco) decorating the inside of a tomb or burial chamber; (as a mass noun) art of this type.
ΚΠ
1845 J. Kitto Pict. Sunday Bk. 74/2 The tomb-paintings in Egypt, indeed, afford very ample illustrations of the modes of working in wood.
1925 Classical Rev. 39 44/2 The illustrations are ample in number..though we think that..less than justice is done to Etruscan tomb-painting.
2009 Ars Orientalis 37 163 The pose of this couple is standard in Yuan tomb painting.
2014 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 18 Feb. 55 Gods are often represented in tomb paintings as larger than ordinary mortals.
tomb raider n. a person who opens or steals from (ancient) tombs in order to obtain valuable items or antiquities, typically with the intention of selling them.
ΚΠ
1955 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. 17/7 (headline) 10 Italians held as tomb raiders.
1985 Financial Times 2 Mar. 19/4 Building up his collection when it was still possible to buy in Egypt from traders with direct access to tomb raiders.
2006 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 17 June c9/1 A suspected tomb raider turned police informant has led archaeologists to..the oldest known frescoed burial chamber in Europe.
tomb robber n. a person who steals from tombs or graves; (in early use) a person who illegally exhumes bodies in order to sell them to anatomists; (later chiefly) a person who opens ancient tombs in order to obtain valuable items or antiquities, typically with the intention of selling them.
ΚΠ
1823 W. Benbow Crimes of Clergy 59 Alas, the consecrated dome affords no security from the tomb robber.
1873 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 25 Aug. 5/4 The secret hoard of one of those tomb-robbers by whom this country has been from all ages infested.
1908 Athenæum 21 Mar. 360/3 A tomb-robber could..remove the jewellery and other valuable objects buried with the corpse.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Mar. c2/3 When they began excavating soon after, they found that tomb robbers had already been there.

Derivatives

tomb-like adv. and adj. (a) adv. in the manner of a tomb; in a manner reminiscent of a tomb; (b) adj. that resembles or is suggestive of a tomb.
ΚΠ
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia v. 193 So finding also a great Marble stone..hee caused it by Masons to bee wrought handsomely and laid ouer the place, which hee inuironed with a square wall of hewen stone, Tombe like.
1635 J. Bentham Christian Confl. vii. 101 The proud and tombe-like Pharisees.
1795 M. Wollstonecraft Let. 10 June (2003) 295 We are here..in a sort of tomb-like house.
1845 H. B. Hirst Coming of Mammoth 18 No murmur broke The silence of that tomb-like spot.
1856 H. K. Cornish Sonnets & Verses 86 That single arch's grace Stands tomb-like o'er the spot.
1906 R. W. Chambers Fighting Chance xiii. 420 Miles of elaborate, untenanted dwellings..stood tomb-like in barren magnificence against the blazing blue of noon.
1989 D. Koontz Midnight i. xiv. 58 In tomblike blackness Sam fumbled for a lock button.
2015 K. B. Roth Josette xxvii. 327 The tomb-like silence that followed seemed to suck the very air from the room.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tombv.

Brit. /tuːm/, U.S. /tum/
Forms: see tomb n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: tomb n.; entomb v.
Etymology: Originally < tomb n. (although this is first attested slightly later). In later use perhaps also partly shortened < entomb v.
Now rare (chiefly archaic or poetic in later use).
1.
a. transitive. To place (a body) in a tomb or in a location which functions as a tomb; to inter, bury; to lay to rest. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]
bedelveOE
begraveOE
burya1000
beburyc1000
bifel-ec1000
layc1000
to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE
tombc1275
gravec1300
inter1303
rekec1330
to lap in leadc1340
to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340
lie1387
to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400
to lay lowa1425
earthc1450
sepulture1490
to put awaya1500
tyrea1500
mould1530
to graith in the grave1535
ingrave1535
intumulate1535
sepult1544
intumil?c1550
yird1562
shrinea1566
infera1575
entomb1576
sepelite1577
shroud1577
funeral1578
to load with earth1578
delve1587
to lay up1591
sepulchrize1595
pit-hole1607
infuneral1610
mool1610
inhumate1612
inurna1616
inhume1616
pit1621
tumulate1623
sepulchrea1626
turf1628
underlay1639
urna1657
to lay to sleep, asleep1701
envaulta1745
plant1785
ensepulchre1820
sheugh1839
to put under1879
to lay away1885
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13934 Arður ȝæf him þene tun and he þer-to tumde.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 1145 He lies at Glastenbire toumbed, as I wene.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 45 And there made his faire ende at Rone, where he liethe tombid.
a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Chetham) l. 4321 He towmbed ham to geder in ffere, Kyng and quene as they were.
1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame sig. C3 His liuelesse bodie I will leaue to thee, Let that be earthde and tombde in gorgeous wise.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 305 Imagine them some monument, of one long since tomb'd there.
1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iv. 134 Youths, that tomb'd before their parents were.
1759 W. Mason Caractacus 80 Ye can tomb me in this sacred place.
1832 L. Hunt Transl. 242 I'd just as lief be buried, tomb'd and grass'd in.
1899 J. Lumsden Poems 16 In the Atlantic's bed Tombed ten leagues deep.
1957 D. L. Sayers tr. Song of Roland 193 They watch by her all night, Then, near an altar, she's tombed with solemn rites.
2011 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 30 Apr. rw4 A genuine nobility pulses through the ancient cathedral where the great of England are tombed, from poets to kings.
b. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. To bury or enclose (something) as if in a tomb; to cause (something) to be enveloped or enfolded in or within something. Frequently in passive.
ΚΠ
1595 G. Chapman Ouids Banquet of Sence sig. B2v Shee vsde the Founte, where Niobe, Toomb'd in her selfe, pourde her lost soule in teares.
1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. C I'le toombe th' usurper in his Infant bloud.
1613 J. Marston & W. Barksted Insatiate Countesse i. sig. A3 [I'll bury thee] In the Swans downe, and tombe thee in mine armes.
1658 T. Flatman Naps upon Parnassus sig. B7v His head then was tomb'd Within a Cap of linnen.
1794 J. Courtenay Present State France & Italy 73 Thro' streets tomb'd in ashes, delighted we tread.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby ii. 81 There dig and tomb your precious heap, And bid the dead your treasure keep.
1853 E. Arnold Poems 144 They needed no prayers, and no mourning-bell, They were tombed in the true hearts that knew them well.
1914 A. Stringer Open Water 112 There's a poet tombed in you.
1995 J. G. Nichols tr. U. Foscolo in Transl. & Lit. 4 83 The learned already and the rich and noble—the mind and ornament of Italy—are tombed alive in sycophantic courts.
2. transitive. To enclose, receive, or contain in the manner of a tomb; to serve as a tomb for. Frequently figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)] > said of the earth or tomb
tomba1586
wrap1602
sepulchre1608
inhume1621
intera1631
hearse1796
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [verb (transitive)] > serve as tomb for
tomba1586
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. xx. sig. Cc1 The stone That tombes the two.
1837 Knickerbocker Feb. 184 Some were found wrapt as in a crystal shroud Of waves concealed, that tombed them where they clung.
1840 J. Middleton Hyacinth 31 The ground that tombs the righteous Is ever hallowed!
1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 121 Long dry tomes that tomb the dusty past.
1902 C. B. Pallen Death of Sir Launcelot 122 The Past forever tombing present good.
1994 A. Darlington in S. Jones & D. Sutton Anthol. Fantasy & Supernatural 240 The shafts tombing them had been sealed off.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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