tombacn.

Brit.

/ˈtɒmbak/, U.S.

/ˈtɑmˌbæk/

Forms:

α. 1600s tambacq, 1600s tambag, 1600s tambayck, 1600s tambaycke, 1600s–1700s tamback, 1600s–1800s tambac, 1700s tambacque, 1700s tambanck (irregular), 1700s tompac, 1700s– tombac, 1800s tombec, 1800s– tomback, 1800s– tombak.

β. 1600s tambaca, 1600s tombaga, 1600s–1700s tombago, 1700s tambaqua.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Thai. Partly a borrowing from Malay and Javanese. Etymons: Malay tembaga, Javanese tembaga.

Etymology: Partly (in sense 1) < a Thai word now pronounced /taːmpʰaʔ/, denoting an alloy of copper and gold (now literary), and partly (in sense 2) < Malay tembaga, tambaga and Javanese tembaga (also formal tembagi; in Old Javanese as tambaga) copper alloy (usually with zinc or tin), copper, all probably either < an unattested Prakrit reflex of Sanskrit tāmraka copper, or < a Dravidian language (see note).Further etymology. Sanskrit tāmraka copper is a derivative of tāmra something that is dark red, copper (compare Prakrit tamba ), use as noun of tāmra dark red, apparently ultimately < the same base as tamas darkness (see temerous adj.). With the suggested alternative Dravidian etymology for the South-East Asian words compare Tamil cempu copper, gold, which reflects an earlier base with initial t- (also seen in Tamil tampikai small pot). This is not related to Sanskrit tāmraka , although it may have influenced its sense. Form and transmission history. In 17th-cent. attestations, the α. forms almost uniformly refer to an alloy of copper and gold (compare sense 1), while β. forms refer to an alloy of copper with zinc or tin (compare sense 2). From the 18th century, this formal distinction begins to break down, perhaps partly under the influence of forms in other European languages. With α. forms compare French †tombacque alloy of copper and gold (1664; also †tambag (1687), †tambacq (1687)) and (perhaps the source of α. forms with -o- ) tombac alloy of copper and zinc (1733). Compare also Dutch tombak alloy of copper with zinc or tin (1775), Portuguese tambaque alloy of copper and zinc, also alloy of gold and silver (1840), and Italian tombacco alloy of copper and zinc (1840); all < French. With β. forms compare Spanish †tambaca (1675, in a description of an extremely valuable ship gun, in the passage translated in quot. 1695 at sense 2β. : compare note at the sense), Portuguese †tambaga (1603; now tambaca alloy of copper and zinc, also alloy of gold and silver (1611)). With these compare also tumbaga n.

A copper alloy resembling gold or used as a substitute for it.

1. Any of various alloys of copper and gold, used for jewellery and ornamental objects in South East Asia and (in later use) in Central and South America. Cf. tumbaga n. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other copper alloys

tombac1602

blanched copper1621

orichalcum1646

cock metal1766

gold bronze1785

bidri1794

tumbaga1860

Aich's metal1861

sterro-metal1865

talmi1868

Abyssinian gold1869

delta-metal1883

Tobin bronze1891

manganin1894

Eureka1914

α.

1602 Voy. East-India in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. iii. iii. §3. 153 All the dishes..were, either of pure Gold, or of another Mettall..called Tambaycke, which groweth of Gold and Brasse together.

1687 Relation De Chaumont's Embassy Siam 65 The King made me several Presents, amongst which was a crucifix, the body of which is Gold, a Cross of Tambacq, which is a metal more esteemed than Gold in that Countrey.

1693 A. Pitfield tr. S. de La Loubère New Hist. Relation Kingdom Siam I. i. v. 15 When their Avarice creates desires it is for the Gold, and not for the Tambac.

1701 tr. N. Gervaise Hist. Descr. Kingdom Macasar ii. 80 A Tooth of Gold, Silver, or Tambac, which is a Metal compos'd of Gold, Silver, and Copper refin'd together in such a manner as is not known in Europe.

1754 Capt. Cope New Hist. East-Indies iv. 112 A grand Dinner was introduced in Dishes of Gold or Tamback, being a Mixture of Gold and Brass.

1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. I. iii. 123 Round their arms, they [sc. women of Panama] wear bracelets of gold and tombac.

1993 D. F. Lach & E. J. Van Kley Asia in Making of Europe (1998) III. xvii. 1383 The sultan's body in a casket made of tombac, laid to rest beside his ancestors in the garden behind his palace where he is mourned by his wives and concubines for one hundred days.

β. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Tambac, or Tambaqua, a Mixture of Gold and Copper, which the People of Siam hold more beautiful, and set a greater Value on, than Gold itself.1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. 54 Many ladies [of Lima] wear other jewels set in gold, or for singularity sake, in tombago.

2. Any of various gold-coloured copper alloys typically containing from 82 to 99 per cent copper, the rest usually being made up largely or entirely of zinc, used chiefly for cheap jewellery or decorative objects. Also with modifying word more precisely indicating the colour (which is dependent upon the copper content), as red tombac (above 92 per cent copper), yellow tombac (approx. 82 to 90 per cent copper).The identity of the metal in quot. 1695 at β. is unclear, though a copper–gold alloy (sense 1) would seem an improbable material for a functional gun.See also white tombac n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1g(c)(ii).Similar alloys of copper and zinc have been given various names, as Mannheim gold, pinchbeck, Prince's metal, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of copper and zinc

yellow metala1535

white brass1538

tombac1606

Prince's metal1682

Bath-metal1714

pinchbeck1734

Prince Rupert's metal1789

platina1790

oroide1869

Zamak1926

β.

1606 E. Scott Exact Disc. East Indians sig. L Their drummes [i.e. those of the Javanese] are huge pannes, made of a mettell called Tombago [1625 Tombaga], which make a most hellish sound.

1606 E. Scott Exact Disc. East Indians sig. L^v The musicke, which was ten or twelue Pannes of Tombaga carried vpon a coulstaffe betweene two, these were tunable, and euery one a note aboue another.

1695 J. Stevens tr. M. de Faria e Sousa Portugues Asia III. iv. vii. 371 This Galley carried one Gun of Tambaca, a precious sort of Metal, which was valued at above 7000 Ducats.

α. 1750 tr. Mem. Royal Acad. Surg. Paris II. 388 The buckle of a shoe, the ring of which was tombac, and the chape and tongue iron.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 43 Tombac has still more copper, and is of a deeper red than pinchbeck.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 710 Tombac. 16 lb. of copper, 1 lb. of tin, and 1 lb. of zinc. Red Tombac. 5¹/ ₂ lb. of copper, and ¹/ ₂ lb. of zinc.1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 243 Tombak, or Red Brass, in the cast state, is an alloy of copper and zinc, containing not more than 20 per cent. of the latter constituent.1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 47 The most ductile of all the alloys of copper and zinc are those which contain 84.5 per cent. of copper to 15.5 of zinc (tombac), and 71.5 copper to 28.5 zinc (brass)... Karsten.1921 Metal Industry Sept. 367/1 Light articles of cast brass, lacquered or polished; leaf brass, leaf metal and tombac articles.2010 D. L. Brady Essent. Internat. Marketing (2015) ix. 147 Two copper layers are applied over the tombac, and each piece is finished with three layers of gold, silver, or rhodium.

Compounds

† tombac-brown adj. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > yellowish brown

yellow-dun1593

honey-coloured1603

cinnamon-coloured1679

cinnamon1685

lurid1767

rhubarb1792

tombac-brown1794

sherry-bay1856

khaki1863

khaki coloured1879

golden oak1883

rhubarby1885

crotal1901

brown-gold1909

Sahara1923

safari1934

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 30 (Colours) Tombac brown—metallic yellowish brown.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 194 Granite, with tombac brown mica.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tombac
释义	tombacn. Brit. /ˈtɒmbak/, U.S. /ˈtɑmˌbæk/ Forms: α. 1600s tambacq, 1600s tambag, 1600s tambayck, 1600s tambaycke, 1600s–1700s tamback, 1600s–1800s tambac, 1700s tambacque, 1700s tambanck (irregular), 1700s tompac, 1700s– tombac, 1800s tombec, 1800s– tomback, 1800s– tombak. β. 1600s tambaca, 1600s tombaga, 1600s–1700s tombago, 1700s tambaqua. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Thai. Partly a borrowing from Malay and Javanese. Etymons: Malay tembaga, Javanese tembaga. Etymology: Partly (in sense 1) < a Thai word now pronounced /taːmpʰaʔ/, denoting an alloy of copper and gold (now literary), and partly (in sense 2) < Malay tembaga, tambaga and Javanese tembaga (also formal tembagi; in Old Javanese as tambaga) copper alloy (usually with zinc or tin), copper, all probably either < an unattested Prakrit reflex of Sanskrit tāmraka copper, or < a Dravidian language (see note).Further etymology. Sanskrit tāmraka copper is a derivative of tāmra something that is dark red, copper (compare Prakrit tamba ), use as noun of tāmra dark red, apparently ultimately < the same base as tamas darkness (see temerous adj.). With the suggested alternative Dravidian etymology for the South-East Asian words compare Tamil cempu copper, gold, which reflects an earlier base with initial t- (also seen in Tamil tampikai small pot). This is not related to Sanskrit tāmraka , although it may have influenced its sense. Form and transmission history. In 17th-cent. attestations, the α. forms almost uniformly refer to an alloy of copper and gold (compare sense 1), while β. forms refer to an alloy of copper with zinc or tin (compare sense 2). From the 18th century, this formal distinction begins to break down, perhaps partly under the influence of forms in other European languages. With α. forms compare French †tombacque alloy of copper and gold (1664; also †tambag (1687), †tambacq (1687)) and (perhaps the source of α. forms with -o- ) tombac alloy of copper and zinc (1733). Compare also Dutch tombak alloy of copper with zinc or tin (1775), Portuguese tambaque alloy of copper and zinc, also alloy of gold and silver (1840), and Italian tombacco alloy of copper and zinc (1840); all < French. With β. forms compare Spanish †tambaca (1675, in a description of an extremely valuable ship gun, in the passage translated in quot. 1695 at sense 2β. : compare note at the sense), Portuguese †tambaga (1603; now tambaca alloy of copper and zinc, also alloy of gold and silver (1611)). With these compare also tumbaga n. A copper alloy resembling gold or used as a substitute for it. 1. Any of various alloys of copper and gold, used for jewellery and ornamental objects in South East Asia and (in later use) in Central and South America. Cf. tumbaga n. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other copper alloys tombac1602 blanched copper1621 orichalcum1646 cock metal1766 gold bronze1785 bidri1794 tumbaga1860 Aich's metal1861 sterro-metal1865 talmi1868 Abyssinian gold1869 delta-metal1883 Tobin bronze1891 manganin1894 Eureka1914 α. 1602 Voy. East-India in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. iii. iii. §3. 153 All the dishes..were, either of pure Gold, or of another Mettall..called Tambaycke, which groweth of Gold and Brasse together. 1687 Relation De Chaumont's Embassy Siam 65 The King made me several Presents, amongst which was a crucifix, the body of which is Gold, a Cross of Tambacq, which is a metal more esteemed than Gold in that Countrey. 1693 A. Pitfield tr. S. de La Loubère New Hist. Relation Kingdom Siam I. i. v. 15 When their Avarice creates desires it is for the Gold, and not for the Tambac. 1701 tr. N. Gervaise Hist. Descr. Kingdom Macasar ii. 80 A Tooth of Gold, Silver, or Tambac, which is a Metal compos'd of Gold, Silver, and Copper refin'd together in such a manner as is not known in Europe. 1754 Capt. Cope New Hist. East-Indies iv. 112 A grand Dinner was introduced in Dishes of Gold or Tamback, being a Mixture of Gold and Brass. 1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. I. iii. 123 Round their arms, they [sc. women of Panama] wear bracelets of gold and tombac. 1993 D. F. Lach & E. J. Van Kley Asia in Making of Europe (1998) III. xvii. 1383 The sultan's body in a casket made of tombac, laid to rest beside his ancestors in the garden behind his palace where he is mourned by his wives and concubines for one hundred days. β. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Tambac, or Tambaqua, a Mixture of Gold and Copper, which the People of Siam hold more beautiful, and set a greater Value on, than Gold itself.1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. 54 Many ladies [of Lima] wear other jewels set in gold, or for singularity sake, in tombago. 2. Any of various gold-coloured copper alloys typically containing from 82 to 99 per cent copper, the rest usually being made up largely or entirely of zinc, used chiefly for cheap jewellery or decorative objects. Also with modifying word more precisely indicating the colour (which is dependent upon the copper content), as red tombac (above 92 per cent copper), yellow tombac (approx. 82 to 90 per cent copper).The identity of the metal in quot. 1695 at β. is unclear, though a copper–gold alloy (sense 1) would seem an improbable material for a functional gun.See also white tombac n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1g(c)(ii).Similar alloys of copper and zinc have been given various names, as Mannheim gold, pinchbeck, Prince's metal, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of copper and zinc yellow metala1535 white brass1538 tombac1606 Prince's metal1682 Bath-metal1714 pinchbeck1734 Prince Rupert's metal1789 platina1790 oroide1869 Zamak1926 β. 1606 E. Scott Exact Disc. East Indians sig. L Their drummes [i.e. those of the Javanese] are huge pannes, made of a mettell called Tombago [1625 Tombaga], which make a most hellish sound. 1606 E. Scott Exact Disc. East Indians sig. L^v The musicke, which was ten or twelue Pannes of Tombaga carried vpon a coulstaffe betweene two, these were tunable, and euery one a note aboue another. 1695 J. Stevens tr. M. de Faria e Sousa Portugues Asia III. iv. vii. 371 This Galley carried one Gun of Tambaca, a precious sort of Metal, which was valued at above 7000 Ducats. α. 1750 tr. Mem. Royal Acad. Surg. Paris II. 388 The buckle of a shoe, the ring of which was tombac, and the chape and tongue iron.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 43 Tombac has still more copper, and is of a deeper red than pinchbeck.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 710 Tombac. 16 lb. of copper, 1 lb. of tin, and 1 lb. of zinc. Red Tombac. 5¹/ ₂ lb. of copper, and ¹/ ₂ lb. of zinc.1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 243 Tombak, or Red Brass, in the cast state, is an alloy of copper and zinc, containing not more than 20 per cent. of the latter constituent.1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 47 The most ductile of all the alloys of copper and zinc are those which contain 84.5 per cent. of copper to 15.5 of zinc (tombac), and 71.5 copper to 28.5 zinc (brass)... Karsten.1921 Metal Industry Sept. 367/1 Light articles of cast brass, lacquered or polished; leaf brass, leaf metal and tombac articles.2010 D. L. Brady Essent. Internat. Marketing (2015) ix. 147 Two copper layers are applied over the tombac, and each piece is finished with three layers of gold, silver, or rhodium. Compounds † tombac-brown adj. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > yellowish brown yellow-dun1593 honey-coloured1603 cinnamon-coloured1679 cinnamon1685 lurid1767 rhubarb1792 tombac-brown1794 sherry-bay1856 khaki1863 khaki coloured1879 golden oak1883 rhubarby1885 crotal1901 brown-gold1909 Sahara1923 safari1934 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 30 (Colours) Tombac brown—metallic yellowish brown. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 194 Granite, with tombac brown mica. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1602
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