Toryn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈtɔːri/, U.S.

/ˈtɔri/, Irish English

/ˈtɒːri/

Forms: 1600s–1700s Torie, 1600s–1700s Torey, 1600s–1700s Torrie (Scottish), 1600s– Torry (now rare and Irish English (northern)), 1600s– Tory.

Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish tóraí.

Etymology: < Irish tóraí, †tóraidh, †tóraighe pursuer, (historically) outlaw, (formerly also collectively) raiding party (17th cent. or earlier), probably < tóir pursuit, pursuers collectively (Early Irish tóir: see note) + -aidh, -aighe, suffix forming agent nouns (see note), after tóraíocht, †tóraigheacht pursuit (Early Irish tóraigecht; < an oblique form of tóir + -acht, suffix forming abstract nouns); compare also the Irish verb tóraigh to pursue (1685 or earlier).Further etymology in Irish. Early Irish tóir ‘help, assistance, (armed) reinforcement, pursuit, pursuers collectively’ was originally the verbal noun corresponding to (and ultimately contracted from) an otherwise unattested verb *to-fo-reith (also reflected by do-fóir helps) < to- , preverbal particle corresponding to do to prep. + fo-reith helps, succours ( < fo- under, sub- (see Fomor n.) + reithid runs: see below), formed similarly to Welsh gwaredu to succour, both formed similarly to (and perhaps influenced by) classical Latin succurrere succour v.; Early Irish reithid is in turn cognate with Old Welsh rhet- (in rhetec to run; Welsh rhedeg ) < the same Celtic base as (with different ablaut) Early Irish roth , Welsh rhod wheel (see rat n.³). Note on Irish forms. In Irish (after the end of the Early Irish period), dh and gh represent the same sound, and (before standardization) were often used interchangeably in writing; this also caused the (originally distinct) agent noun suffixes -aidh and -aighe to merge. Potential earlier evidence. Compare the following passage, from a discussion of the pronunciation of Algonquian languages spoken in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, but apparently here with reference to the speakers' accents when pronouncing English:1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect ii. xviii. 92 When any ships come neare the shore, they [sc. the Abenaki] demand whether they be King Charles his Torries, with such a rumbling sound [of r], as if one were beating an unbrac't Drumme.The passage is too early for King Charles his Torries to show the meaning ‘Royalist supporters of king Charles’ (compare sense A. 1b); it could perhaps mean ‘outlaws on account of (and fleeing from) King Charles’ (compare sense A. 1a), but this would assume very early currency of the Irish loanword outside Ireland. It is perhaps more likely that the passage shows a different (as yet unidentified) word.

A. n.

a. In 17th-cent. Ireland: a person living as an outlaw after being dispossessed by English settlers, and surviving by acts of robbery and plunder against the English; (later) any Irish Catholic or Royalist who has taken up arms against the English government. Cf. rapparee n. 1a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > brigand > [noun] > in Ireland

wood-kern1548

Tory1646

rapparee1690

1646 Exam. P. Congan 22 Jan. in Hist. MSS Comm.: Cal. MSS Marquess of Ormonde (1902) I. 105 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 929) LII. 1 Some others of the Irish called Tories.

1647 Proclamation 2 Nov. (MS Trinity Coll. Dublin, F. 3. 18 No. 22) Roberies..comitted by the Tories and Rebells upon the Protestants and others adhering to the Protestant partie.

1652 in Cal. State Papers, Domest. 18 Dec. 41 I took the little island in Waterford river, and beat off Sturlock, the great Tory.

1675 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 307 Wee, the undernamed parrish priests in the County of Kyery,..doe undertake and faithfully promise..That in our respective congregations wee shall publike and solemnly declare, and denounce, all toreys, murtherers, thieves & Robors.

1707 Act 6 Anne c. 11 (title) in Acts & Statutes Parl. Dublin 105 An Act for explaining and amending two several acts against tories, robbers, and rapparees.

1769 Dublin Merc. 16–19 Sept. 3/2 24 heifers..were..driven..into a bog by tories, robbers and rapparees out in arms.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 257 The bogs of Ireland..afforded a refuge to Popish outlaws, much resembling those who were afterwards known as Whiteboys. These men were then called Tories.

1908 S. J. Weyman Wild Geese i. 3 Yonder were the hills and bogs of Kerry—lawless, impenetrable, abominable—a realm of Tories and rapparees.

2014 Tyrone Times (Nexis) 28 Nov. Raids and other alleged serious crimes of the Tories, who had been dispossessed of their land in 29 townlands of Madden, Derrynoose and Keady.

†b. In extended use: an outlawed or rebel supporter of the Royalist cause in arms against the Parliamentarian or Cromwellian regime, esp. in Scotland; (more generally) a bandit, an outlaw. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > brigand > [noun] > in Scotland

shavaldourc1380

moss-trooper1645

Tory1651

Border-pricker1820

border-rider1820

1651 Mercurius Scoticus 28 Oct.–4 Nov. 113 The High-landers under Marquesse Huntley, and Lord Balcarras,..are now betaking themselves to the High-wayes to play the Tories and Robbers.

1653 Col. Lilburne Let. to Cromwell 16 Oct. (Clarke MSS LXXXVI) f. 109^v Argyll tells mee hee cannott advise mee to advance further, though hee suffer never soe much by those Tories.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cumb. 216 The..Earl of Carlisle, who routed these English-Tories [i.e. moss-troopers] with his Regiment.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo i. 237 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The distractions which then shook the State wherein there were eight Armies of Tories, or common Rogues.

1687 R. Kirby in R. Kirby & J. Bishop Marrow Astrol. i. 43 And now I must..drop down a little lower to the Sphere of Mars, who is termed a Tory amongst the Stars.

a1699 J. Kirkton Secret & True Hist. Church Scotl. (1817) v. 158 Middleton..hade suffered with the king, and undertaken for him a very dangerous part, to command the tories on the hills in Cromwell's time.

c. Scottish and Irish English. A dishonest or mischievous person; a rascal, a scoundrel. Frequently as a playful term of reproof or reproach to a person, esp. a child, whose behaviour one disapproves of but who is nonetheless likeable, or as a term of endearment.

ΚΠ

1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 620 Murty the beautiful Tory, who'd scorn in a row to turn tail.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Tory Often applied to a child; as, ‘Ye vile little tory,’ Ayrs[hire].

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Tory, a deceiving person, usually applied in banter; a term of endearment for child, thus—‘Ah! you're a right tory.’

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 362/1 Tory, Torry, of a child, a rascal.

2. A person who opposed the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s. Opposed to Whig n.² 2a. Cf. exclusion n. 1c. Now historical.During the 1690s merging into sense A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > as opposing Exclusion Bill

Tory1678

anti-Birmingham1681

Yorkist1681

1678 Excellent Ballad Tom Tory & Toney Whigg (single sheet) The Tory's Name was Lashing Tom; The Whigg was called Toney; And yet the Urchin, most Men say, Wants neither Wit nor Money.

1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel To Rdr. p. i Wit and Fool are Consequents of Whig and Tory: And every man is a Knave or an Ass to the contrary side.

c1681 Earl of Dorset Whigs & Tories in Coll. Poems 15 The Fools might be Whigs, none but knaves should be Toryes.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. v. 321 Thus the Anti-exclusioners [c1679] were stigmatised with Execration and Contempt, as a Parcel of damn'd Tories, for diverse Months together.

1875 tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Eng. IV. xvi. ix. 122 The indefatigable persecutor of the Tories in Ireland, Ormond, appeared in England as himself a Tory.

1993 Albion 25 583 The Tories of the Exclusion Crisis..set out deliberately to recapture the middle ground from the Whigs.

a. A member, supporter, or representative of the political party which constituted one of the two principal political factions or identities in Britain and its colonies from the years after the Glorious Revolution (1688) to the mid 19th cent., and which was eventually succeeded by the Conservative Party in the 1830s (opposed to Whig n.² 3; now historical). In later use an informal name for: a member, supporter, or representative of the British or Canadian Conservative Party.Originally developing from the political faction which had opposed attempts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland (see sense A. 2), the Tories were typically supporters of the executive power of the Crown and the authority of other established institutions, e.g. the episcopacy of the Church of England. The decision of some Tories to become Jacobites at both the Glorious Revolution (1688) and the Hanoverian Succession (1714) led to the exclusion of Tories from senior civil, ecclesiastical, or military office until the end of the 18th cent. (cf. Whig Supremacy n.). By this time a new Tory party, developing in large part from the Pittite faction of the Whigs, had shed the association with Jacobitism and became more generally a party supporting the established order in church and state, e.g. in opposing the extension of the franchise.

As a formal name Tory was superseded by Conservative (see conservative adj. 2b, Conservative Party n.) during the 1830s, but has remained in widespread informal use in both British and Canadian politics amongst both supporters and opponents of the Conservative Party, as well as in historical use.See also high Tory n., high-flying Tory n., Jacobite Tory n., neo-Tory n., old Tory n., Red Tory n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative

tory-rory1681

Tory1694

conservative1831

1694 Athenian Mercury 18 Aug. (advt.) The Works of the..late Lord Delamer..Viz...V. Of the Interest of Whig and Tory; which may with most safety be depended on by the Government, on the account either of Fidelity, or Numbers. In a Letter to a Friend.

1705 G. Lockhart Let. to Dk. Athole 15 Oct. in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. viii. 62 Her Majesty having now, more than ever before, devoted herself and interest to the Whigs, the Torys have no hopes of being succesfull in allmost anything..during this parliament.

1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 Nov. (1948) I. 84 The queen past by us with all Tories about her; not one Whig:..and I have seen her without one Tory.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 126. ¶8 The Knight is a much stronger Tory in the Country than in Town, which..is absolutely necessary for the keeping up his Interest.

1781 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1906) II. 396 The prejudice of the Tory is for establishment; The prejudice of the Whig is for innovation. A Tory does not wish to give more real power to Government; but that Government should have more reverence.

1831 T. Arnold Apr. in Life & Corr. (1845) I. vi. 303 The old state of things is gone past recall, and all the efforts of all the Tories cannot save it.

1833 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) II. 329 The Tories in Great Britain are defunct;..they are all vaccinated into ‘Conservatives’.

1892 G. Saintsbury Earl of Derby Pref. 5 I define a Tory as a person who would, at the respective times and in the respective circumstances, have opposed Catholic Emancipation, Reform, the Repeal of the Corn Laws, and the whole Irish Legislation of Mr. Gladstone.

1913 Church Q. Rev. Jan. 452 He had the manhood to stand by his chapel and refuse to vote Tory.

1952 H. Macmillan Diary 27 Sept. (2003) 186 There is a distrust and even fear of the Tories, which is based on the suspicion and jealousy of the ‘proletariat’.

1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 27 Aug. 8/3 The Tories elected plenty of old-fashioned law-and-order conservatives in May.

2010 Daily Tel. 9 Feb. 11/1 The Tories questioned how the scheme would be funded.

b. A person whose political principles or outlook are similar to those of the Tories (chiefly in sense A. 3a), esp. in supporting monarchical authority or (more generally) opposing change or political reform.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun] > opponent of change

Tory1712

old school1749

conservatist1831

conservative1832

fossil1844

mossback1873

stand-patter1902

old school tie1920

passéist1921

pastist1921

auntie1953

old schooler1964

Luddite1970

1712 J. Oldmixon Secret Hist. Europe I. 27 They were Originally of the Arminian Party, which in a Word, took in all the Dutch Tories, tho' they pretended a mighty Zeal for the Republick.

1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 II. x. 191 Purrus Ram and Khoom Dass..fear greatly..that the Tories of Bussahir will triumph.

1905 Rev. of Reviews Feb. 130/2 That Russia has to-day to reckon with a sullen, discontented Finland is solely due to the mischievous madness of the Russian Tories.

1948 Jrnl. Politics 10 120 A reactionary Tsarist autocracy in Russia was always an acceptable ally to British and French tories, but a Communist dictatorship was not.

4. U.S.

a. An American who was a supporter of the British Crown and opposed independence during the American Revolution. Now historical.Originally a use of sense A. 3a in the specific context of American colonial politics.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > support of British side in War of Independence > supporter

Tory1769

royalist1777

refugee1780

king's man1787

1769 Let. in Boston-gaz. 24 Apr. Keep your Rights out of Sight, and you may have any Thing else you desire. A Tory.

1770 J. Adams Diary 1 July (1961) I. 356 He gives a sad Account of the Opposition and Persecution he has suffered from the Tories.

1775 Pennsylvania Evening Post 1 July 278/1 The Whigs and Tories at Georgia are disputing with each other, and Governor Wright is much alarmed for his safety.

1821 J. F. Cooper Spy II. xiii. 208 Washington will not trust us with the keeping of a suspected tory, if we let this rascal trifle in this manner with the corps.

1962 L. Wibberly Treegate's Raiders (2011) 79 It is another thing to deal with a force of mountainmen better trained than your raggle-taggle Tories.

2001 Nat. Rev. (Nexis) 21 Nov. General Wooster engaged in wholesale incarceration and expulsion of New York Tories.

b. During and immediately after the American Civil War: a Union sympathizer in a Confederate state. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > support of Union in Civil War > supporter

unionist1815

Fed1861

federal1861

unioner1861

Union man1861

Tory1862

red-leg1863

1862 Southern Confederacy (Atlanta) 3 May 3/1 The other prisoners..are all sharp, intelligent-looking men—no hard looking cases like Yankee prisoners, and East Tennessee tories usually are.

1866 W. Reid After War 402 Ef you fetch any d—— tories heah, that went agin their State, and so kin take the oath,..'twill soon be too hot to hold 'em.

1953 T. C. Bryan Confederate Georgia ix. 152 In the fall of 1864 bands of Tories were plundering northeast Georgia.

1980 Tennessee Hist. Q. 39 48 Fears of a mass uprising of East Tennessee Tories,..haunted the Confederates.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Tories (in various senses), esp. the Tory Party; characterized by, advocating, or supporting the principles, policies, or practices of the Tory Party or (later) the British or Canadian Conservative Party; that is a Tory. Also occasionally: reminiscent of or resembling the Tories in principles, outlook, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [adjective] > opposed to change

Tory1651

unprogressive1722

conservative1802

old-line1803

improgressive1809

old school1816

conservatory1822

conservatist1835

unmarching1837

mossbacked1876

mossy1904

passéist1914

pastist1921

Luddite1957

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > conservative > of Tories or conservatives

Tory1651

Torycal1682

blue1781

true blue1827

conservative1831

1651 Perfect Diurnall No. 69. 944 The losse of forty with the Captaine out of a full Company, leaves the rest ignorant how to manage a Tory trade.

1682 J. Dryden in T. Southerne Loyal Brother Epil. 59 He's neither yet a Whigg nor Tory-Boy.

1693 T. Rokeby Diary 15 Aug. (1887) 30 It is a Tory complaint ag^t a Whigg.

1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Dec. (1948) I. 113 [They] drank Mr. Harley's, lord Rochester's, and other Tory healths.

c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xi. 103 Men who had Sense,..before that moment, thought after it but of setting up a Tory King against a Whig King.

1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 18 July 356/1 Yesterday several Tory prisoners were sent to Halifax jail.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1784 II. 504 We drank ‘Church and King’ after dinner, with true Tory cordiality.

1826 W. Scott Jrnl. 15 Dec. (1939) 292 The Tory interest was weak among the old stage[r]s, where I remember it so strong.

1886 T. E. Kebbel Hist. Toryism viii. 398 The Tory revival was but the twin sister of the Anglican revival.

1899 R. H. Charles Eschatol. v. 162 It [sc. Ecclesiasticus] is uncompromisingly tory, and refuses to admit the possibility of the new views as to the future life.

1926 Time 21 June 13/2 Mrs. ‘Temperance’ Fisher..electrified Tory topers last week by announcing that she now receives periodic shipments of Soviet vodka.

1950 K. Amis Lett. (2000) 237 Another thing that has been cheesing me off is that Margaret has thrown David over in favour of some rich gracious-living unsuccessful Tory candidate.

1993 Hist. Jrnl. 36 281 The tory admiral and conqueror of Gibraltar, Sir George Rooke, was a young tory captain in the exclusion crisis.

2019 C. Carraway Skint Estate (2020) vii. 139 I talk about being working class and our rented flat and being single and struggling under a Tory government, the benefits cap and how I fear we will be pushed out of London.

Compounds

C1.

a. With participles, agent nouns, and verbal nouns, forming compounds in which Tory expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in Tory-supporting, Tory-voting (adjectives), Tory-hater, Tory-hunting (nouns), etc.

ΚΠ

1651 Perfect Acct. Intelligence Armies & Navy No. 27. 213 Our Armies will have nothing to do but go a Tory-hunting, whereby this County will be established in peace for Travellers to passe.

1770 W. Kenrick Poems (new ed.) 312 Antipathies are fix'd in nature; A whig will be a tory-hater, The coward still must fear the brave, The subject will despise the slave.

1838 Fife Herald 8 Feb. 199/3 We have had lately at the harbour two beautiful launches. One of the vessels was named the ‘Victoria’, the other received the Tory-hating cognomen ‘Fife Herald’.

1905 Ulster Jrnl. Archæol. 11 47 One of the most active Tory hunters in Ulster was Captain William Hamilton, who, in 1682, commanded a troop of dragoons in the Earl of Arran's regiment of horse.

1967 E. A. Nordlinger Working-class Tories 170 On the one hand we have found Tory voting to decrease as income increases, on the other, to increase with greater economic satisfaction.

2000 Independent 20 Dec. (Review section) 3/5 Keeping the formerly Tory-supporting Express newspapers staunchly pro-Government.

b. As a modifier, with past participles, with the sense ‘by Tories; with Tories’, as in Tory-controlled, Tory-appointed, Tory-ridden, etc. (adjectives).

ΚΠ

1777 London Evening-Post 31 May When a King of Great Britain shall be so thoroughly Scotch and Tory ridden, as to emulate the character of Charles the First.., we shall find the Bishops ever faithful echoes of the Crown.

1839 C. G. F. Gore Cabinet Minister I. iv. 56 Lord Raynham,—a self-created Solon, a Tory-created peer.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 21 Sept. 2/3 Cases like mine, where in Tory-ridden villages the overseers resent both Liberal and women voters.

1908 W. S. Churchill in Nation 7 Mar. 812/2 The pressure of Tory-voiced discontent.

1961 Economist 2 Dec. 883/3 The new GLC, which will include the suburbs, is likely to be Tory-controlled.

1995 Canad. Hist. Rev. Mar. 11 In Upper Canada, the situation was superficially normal; harmony reigned between the executive and a Tory-dominated Assembly.

2016 Sun (Nexis) 11 Jan. 15 Round my way, the Tory-controlled council has just put daily commuter car parking charges up by 50p to £7.

c. With other adjectives and nouns denoting political identities, with the sense ‘that is both (a) Tory and (a) ——’, as in Tory Jacobite, Tory Unionist, Tory Williamite, etc. See also Tory-Radical adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1691 Kitchin-maids Answer to London Apprentice's Word 8 This manner of Judging was more becoming a Dissenter from our Church..or a Tory Jacobite.

1697 T. Rokeby Diary in Notes & Gleanings (1889) 15 Nov. 172/1 Mr. Ratcliff, sheriff of Devonshire, is a Tory-Williamite.

1727 Weekly Jrnl. 28 Jan. A letter from his Catholic majesty to the Tory Jacobites of Great Britain.

1834 Figaro in London 5 Apr. 54/1 There is, however, one chance for the Tory Unionists.

1958 Spectator 8 Aug. 198/2 Are they now Sound Money men, after thirteen years of Tory-Socialist inflation?

1983 B. M. Walker in S. Clarke & J. S. Donnelly Irish Peasants vi. 261 The social and religious character of Tory Unionist M.P.s was unchanged from 1881.

C2.

Tory democracy n. a political philosophy that combines conservative principles such as support for established institutions with advocacy of democratic popular politics and acceptance of some progressive social and economic reform.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > types of

tantivyismc1680

Tory democracy1836

Young Englandism1844

neo-Toryism1859

neoconservatism1883

one nation1950

1836 Satirist 3 Jan. 2/3 Tory democracy is of all suspicious things the most suspicious, supposing it to exist at all.

1879 Spectator 21 June 776 Tory democracy—Jingoism is its proper name.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Nov. 3/2 We would venture to lay very long odds that Tory Democracy is much more likely to come in with a boom than to go out with a fiz.

1910 S. J. Low in Encycl. Brit. VI. 346/2 By this time [1882] he had definitely formulated the policy of progressive Conservatism which was known as ‘Tory democracy’. He declared that the Conservatives ought to adopt, rather than oppose, reforms of a popular character, and to challenge the claims of the Liberals to pose as the champions of the masses.

2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Dec. 29/3 Bismarck said that in England progressive parties take power to introduce reactionary measures while reactionary parties take power to introduce progressive measures, and Disraeli's ‘Tory democracy’ followed this rule.

Tory Democrat n. a person who is both a Tory and a democrat in political outlook; spec. (a) an adherent or supporter of Tory Democracy; (b) a member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States who has a conservative outlook or traditionalist principles (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > types of

tantivy1680

roary1681

high Tory1706

high-flying Tory1708

Tory Democrat1805

Tory-Radical1834

neo-Tory1865

wet1980

dry1983

1805 ‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unveiled (ed. 3) II. 169 Wilson is a tory Democrat, of Worcester, Massachusetts, advanced to office by the present administration.

1838 Examiner 29 Apr. 259/3 Now that we hear of Tory Democrats we may expect soon to hear of honest thieves.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 14 Jan. 2/2 Recommended..to the electors..on the ground that he is a ‘Tory Democrat’, in which hybrid political creature it is roundly declared ‘there is really more of true, old-fashioned Liberalism than in the Liberal Party to-day’.

1992 Vanity Fair June 116/2 After Connally announced his jump to the Republicans, Nixon, hoped, he would be followed by millions of other Tory Democrats estranged from the party of George McGovern.

Tory Democratic adj. both Tory and democratic in political outlook; esp. of, relating to, or characteristic of Tory Democrats.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > conservative > of Tories or conservatives > types of

tantivy1681

high Tory1682

roary1682

Tory-Radical1823

true blue1827

Tory Democratic1836

Eldonine1855

Eldonian1898

wet1981

1836 Corrector (Sag Harbour, N.Y.) 21 May The poor Tory democratic gulls, the ‘American people’.

1853 Lincoln, Rutland, & Stamford Mercury 26 Aug. Already the late Tory Democratic Ministry seemed to the fading memory like a Parliamentary dream, an historical joke.

1902 Daily Chron. 29 Aug. 4/5 The policy of the advanced Tory Democratic section.

1968 North Adams (Mass.) Transcript 3 Jan. 6/2 The paralysis that has afflicted the Tory Democratic establishment.

2011 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 50 390 Forwood looked on them [sc. equal electoral districts] favourably not out of any Tory-Democratic commitment to the rule of numbers.

Tory party n. (originally) the political faction who opposed the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s (see sense A. 2); (subsequently) the British political party which developed from this faction after the Glorious Revolution (1688) and was eventually succeeded by the Conservative Party in the mid 19th cent. (see sense A. 3a); now used as an informal name for the British or Canadian Conservative Party.

ΚΠ

1681 Char. Mod. Whig (single sheet) He hath all along Danced to the Jesuits Pipe, and Steer'd by his Compass we know, but of late he hath openly profest, and avowed such Doctrines as these: That 'tis lawful to take any Oaths whatsoever with a Mental Salvo for the sake of the good Old Cause. That no Faith is to be kept with the Tory-Party.

1694 Ld. Delamere Wks. 82 The greatest difficulty which the King has to struggle with will be from the High Church or Tory Party, and the more he trusts or confides in them, the harder game he will have to play.

1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 90 This inconsiderable Faction could not be deem'd the Tory Party, but received the Name of Jacobite with more Propriety.

1830 T. P. Thompson Article Great Brit. & France (ed. 3) 20 The advice of the English High Church and Tory party has been taken; and the Bourbons are driven from France.

1886 T. E. Kebbel Hist. Toryism ix. 468 In its defence of the Monarchy, the Church, and the territorial Constitution of the country, the Tory party has never faltered.

2013 Observer 10 Mar. 45/2 Strident at the best of times, this wing of the Tory party has become more clamorous because of the electoral menace posed to them by the Farageists.

Tory-Radical adj. and n. British Politics (a) adj. of or relating to members or supporters of the Tory Party who were sympathetic to the ideas of the Radical movement (see radical adj. 7b(a)) (now historical); (b) n. (originally) a person with these political sympathies; (now) a Conservative politician who espouses ideas or policies which diverge from the orthodox Conservative view; cf. Whig-Radical adj. and n. at Whig n.² and adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > conservative > of Tories or conservatives > types of

tantivy1681

high Tory1682

roary1682

Tory-Radical1823

true blue1827

Tory Democratic1836

Eldonine1855

Eldonian1898

wet1981

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > types of

tantivy1680

roary1681

high Tory1706

high-flying Tory1708

Tory Democrat1805

Tory-Radical1834

neo-Tory1865

wet1980

dry1983

1823 Leeds Intelligencer 23 Oct. Such are the incomparable heroes in whose favour the Whig-Radical Times and Chronicle, and the Tory-Radical Poet and Sun have raved so incessantly during the last ten months.

1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 387/2 The Governor, save on the question of slavery, the black niggers, and the Church, latterly became a sort of Tory-Radical.

1836 Leopold I, King of Belgians Let. 18 Nov. in Queen Victoria Lett. (1908) I. v. 53 An infamous Radical or Tory-Radical paper, the Constitutional, which seems determined to run down the Coburg family.

2018 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 7 Dec. 20 He is an instinctive Tory radical and would have no qualms about a large stimulus package to offset the worst effects of a no-deal Brexit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	tory
释义	Toryn.adj. Brit. /ˈtɔːri/, U.S. /ˈtɔri/, Irish English /ˈtɒːri/ Forms: 1600s–1700s Torie, 1600s–1700s Torey, 1600s–1700s Torrie (Scottish), 1600s– Torry (now rare and Irish English (northern)), 1600s– Tory. Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish tóraí. Etymology: < Irish tóraí, †tóraidh, †tóraighe pursuer, (historically) outlaw, (formerly also collectively) raiding party (17th cent. or earlier), probably < tóir pursuit, pursuers collectively (Early Irish tóir: see note) + -aidh, -aighe, suffix forming agent nouns (see note), after tóraíocht, †tóraigheacht pursuit (Early Irish tóraigecht; < an oblique form of tóir + -acht, suffix forming abstract nouns); compare also the Irish verb tóraigh to pursue (1685 or earlier).Further etymology in Irish. Early Irish tóir ‘help, assistance, (armed) reinforcement, pursuit, pursuers collectively’ was originally the verbal noun corresponding to (and ultimately contracted from) an otherwise unattested verb to-fo-reith (also reflected by do-fóir* helps) < to- , preverbal particle corresponding to do to prep. + fo-reith helps, succours ( < fo- under, sub- (see Fomor n.) + reithid runs: see below), formed similarly to Welsh gwaredu to succour, both formed similarly to (and perhaps influenced by) classical Latin succurrere succour v.; Early Irish reithid is in turn cognate with Old Welsh rhet- (in rhetec to run; Welsh rhedeg ) < the same Celtic base as (with different ablaut) Early Irish roth , Welsh rhod wheel (see rat n.³). Note on Irish forms. In Irish (after the end of the Early Irish period), dh and gh represent the same sound, and (before standardization) were often used interchangeably in writing; this also caused the (originally distinct) agent noun suffixes -aidh and -aighe to merge. Potential earlier evidence. Compare the following passage, from a discussion of the pronunciation of Algonquian languages spoken in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, but apparently here with reference to the speakers' accents when pronouncing English:1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect ii. xviii. 92 When any ships come neare the shore, they [sc. the Abenaki] demand whether they be King Charles his Torries, with such a rumbling sound [of r], as if one were beating an unbrac't Drumme.The passage is too early for King Charles his Torries to show the meaning ‘Royalist supporters of king Charles’ (compare sense A. 1b); it could perhaps mean ‘outlaws on account of (and fleeing from) King Charles’ (compare sense A. 1a), but this would assume very early currency of the Irish loanword outside Ireland. It is perhaps more likely that the passage shows a different (as yet unidentified) word. A. n. 1. a. In 17th-cent. Ireland: a person living as an outlaw after being dispossessed by English settlers, and surviving by acts of robbery and plunder against the English; (later) any Irish Catholic or Royalist who has taken up arms against the English government. Cf. rapparee n. 1a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > brigand > [noun] > in Ireland wood-kern1548 Tory1646 rapparee1690 1646 Exam. P. Congan 22 Jan. in Hist. MSS Comm.: Cal. MSS Marquess of Ormonde (1902) I. 105 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 929) LII. 1 Some others of the Irish called Tories. 1647 Proclamation 2 Nov. (MS Trinity Coll. Dublin, F. 3. 18 No. 22) Roberies..comitted by the Tories and Rebells upon the Protestants and others adhering to the Protestant partie. 1652 in Cal. State Papers, Domest. 18 Dec. 41 I took the little island in Waterford river, and beat off Sturlock, the great Tory. 1675 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 307 Wee, the undernamed parrish priests in the County of Kyery,..doe undertake and faithfully promise..That in our respective congregations wee shall publike and solemnly declare, and denounce, all toreys, murtherers, thieves & Robors. 1707 Act 6 Anne c. 11 (title) in Acts & Statutes Parl. Dublin 105 An Act for explaining and amending two several acts against tories, robbers, and rapparees. 1769 Dublin Merc. 16–19 Sept. 3/2 24 heifers..were..driven..into a bog by tories, robbers and rapparees out in arms. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 257 The bogs of Ireland..afforded a refuge to Popish outlaws, much resembling those who were afterwards known as Whiteboys. These men were then called Tories. 1908 S. J. Weyman Wild Geese i. 3 Yonder were the hills and bogs of Kerry—lawless, impenetrable, abominable—a realm of Tories and rapparees. 2014 Tyrone Times (Nexis) 28 Nov. Raids and other alleged serious crimes of the Tories, who had been dispossessed of their land in 29 townlands of Madden, Derrynoose and Keady. †b. In extended use: an outlawed or rebel supporter of the Royalist cause in arms against the Parliamentarian or Cromwellian regime, esp. in Scotland; (more generally) a bandit, an outlaw. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > brigand > [noun] > in Scotland shavaldourc1380 moss-trooper1645 Tory1651 Border-pricker1820 border-rider1820 1651 Mercurius Scoticus 28 Oct.–4 Nov. 113 The High-landers under Marquesse Huntley, and Lord Balcarras,..are now betaking themselves to the High-wayes to play the Tories and Robbers. 1653 Col. Lilburne Let. to Cromwell 16 Oct. (Clarke MSS LXXXVI) f. 109^v Argyll tells mee hee cannott advise mee to advance further, though hee suffer never soe much by those Tories. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cumb. 216 The..Earl of Carlisle, who routed these English-Tories [i.e. moss-troopers] with his Regiment. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo i. 237 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The distractions which then shook the State wherein there were eight Armies of Tories, or common Rogues. 1687 R. Kirby in R. Kirby & J. Bishop Marrow Astrol. i. 43 And now I must..drop down a little lower to the Sphere of Mars, who is termed a Tory amongst the Stars. a1699 J. Kirkton Secret & True Hist. Church Scotl. (1817) v. 158 Middleton..hade suffered with the king, and undertaken for him a very dangerous part, to command the tories on the hills in Cromwell's time. c. Scottish and Irish English. A dishonest or mischievous person; a rascal, a scoundrel. Frequently as a playful term of reproof or reproach to a person, esp. a child, whose behaviour one disapproves of but who is nonetheless likeable, or as a term of endearment. ΚΠ 1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 620 Murty the beautiful Tory, who'd scorn in a row to turn tail. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Tory Often applied to a child; as, ‘Ye vile little tory,’ Ayrs[hire]. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Tory, a deceiving person, usually applied in banter; a term of endearment for child, thus—‘Ah! you're a right tory.’ 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 362/1 Tory, Torry, of a child, a rascal. 2. A person who opposed the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s. Opposed to Whig n.² 2a. Cf. exclusion n. 1c. Now historical.During the 1690s merging into sense A. 3. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > as opposing Exclusion Bill Tory1678 anti-Birmingham1681 Yorkist1681 1678 Excellent Ballad Tom Tory & Toney Whigg (single sheet) The Tory's Name was Lashing Tom; The Whigg was called Toney; And yet the Urchin, most Men say, Wants neither Wit nor Money. 1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel To Rdr. p. i Wit and Fool are Consequents of Whig and Tory: And every man is a Knave or an Ass to the contrary side. c1681 Earl of Dorset Whigs & Tories in Coll. Poems 15 The Fools might be Whigs, none but knaves should be Toryes. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. v. 321 Thus the Anti-exclusioners [c1679] were stigmatised with Execration and Contempt, as a Parcel of damn'd Tories, for diverse Months together. 1875 tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Eng. IV. xvi. ix. 122 The indefatigable persecutor of the Tories in Ireland, Ormond, appeared in England as himself a Tory. 1993 Albion 25 583 The Tories of the Exclusion Crisis..set out deliberately to recapture the middle ground from the Whigs. 3. a. A member, supporter, or representative of the political party which constituted one of the two principal political factions or identities in Britain and its colonies from the years after the Glorious Revolution (1688) to the mid 19th cent., and which was eventually succeeded by the Conservative Party in the 1830s (opposed to Whig n.² 3; now historical). In later use an informal name for: a member, supporter, or representative of the British or Canadian Conservative Party.Originally developing from the political faction which had opposed attempts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland (see sense A. 2), the Tories were typically supporters of the executive power of the Crown and the authority of other established institutions, e.g. the episcopacy of the Church of England. The decision of some Tories to become Jacobites at both the Glorious Revolution (1688) and the Hanoverian Succession (1714) led to the exclusion of Tories from senior civil, ecclesiastical, or military office until the end of the 18th cent. (cf. Whig Supremacy n.). By this time a new Tory party, developing in large part from the Pittite faction of the Whigs, had shed the association with Jacobitism and became more generally a party supporting the established order in church and state, e.g. in opposing the extension of the franchise. As a formal name Tory was superseded by Conservative (see conservative adj. 2b, Conservative Party n.) during the 1830s, but has remained in widespread informal use in both British and Canadian politics amongst both supporters and opponents of the Conservative Party, as well as in historical use.See also high Tory n., high-flying Tory n., Jacobite Tory n., neo-Tory n., old Tory n., Red Tory n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative tory-rory1681 Tory1694 conservative1831 1694 Athenian Mercury 18 Aug. (advt.) The Works of the..late Lord Delamer..Viz...V. Of the Interest of Whig and Tory; which may with most safety be depended on by the Government, on the account either of Fidelity, or Numbers. In a Letter to a Friend. 1705 G. Lockhart Let. to Dk. Athole 15 Oct. in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. viii. 62 Her Majesty having now, more than ever before, devoted herself and interest to the Whigs, the Torys have no hopes of being succesfull in allmost anything..during this parliament. 1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 Nov. (1948) I. 84 The queen past by us with all Tories about her; not one Whig:..and I have seen her without one Tory. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 126. ¶8 The Knight is a much stronger Tory in the Country than in Town, which..is absolutely necessary for the keeping up his Interest. 1781 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1906) II. 396 The prejudice of the Tory is for establishment; The prejudice of the Whig is for innovation. A Tory does not wish to give more real power to Government; but that Government should have more reverence. 1831 T. Arnold Apr. in Life & Corr. (1845) I. vi. 303 The old state of things is gone past recall, and all the efforts of all the Tories cannot save it. 1833 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) II. 329 The Tories in Great Britain are defunct;..they are all vaccinated into ‘Conservatives’. 1892 G. Saintsbury Earl of Derby Pref. 5 I define a Tory as a person who would, at the respective times and in the respective circumstances, have opposed Catholic Emancipation, Reform, the Repeal of the Corn Laws, and the whole Irish Legislation of Mr. Gladstone. 1913 Church Q. Rev. Jan. 452 He had the manhood to stand by his chapel and refuse to vote Tory. 1952 H. Macmillan Diary 27 Sept. (2003) 186 There is a distrust and even fear of the Tories, which is based on the suspicion and jealousy of the ‘proletariat’. 1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 27 Aug. 8/3 The Tories elected plenty of old-fashioned law-and-order conservatives in May. 2010 Daily Tel. 9 Feb. 11/1 The Tories questioned how the scheme would be funded. b. A person whose political principles or outlook are similar to those of the Tories (chiefly in sense A. 3a), esp. in supporting monarchical authority or (more generally) opposing change or political reform. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun] > opponent of change Tory1712 old school1749 conservatist1831 conservative1832 fossil1844 mossback1873 stand-patter1902 old school tie1920 passéist1921 pastist1921 auntie1953 old schooler1964 Luddite1970 1712 J. Oldmixon Secret Hist. Europe I. 27 They were Originally of the Arminian Party, which in a Word, took in all the Dutch Tories, tho' they pretended a mighty Zeal for the Republick. 1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 II. x. 191 Purrus Ram and Khoom Dass..fear greatly..that the Tories of Bussahir will triumph. 1905 Rev. of Reviews Feb. 130/2 That Russia has to-day to reckon with a sullen, discontented Finland is solely due to the mischievous madness of the Russian Tories. 1948 Jrnl. Politics 10 120 A reactionary Tsarist autocracy in Russia was always an acceptable ally to British and French tories, but a Communist dictatorship was not. 4. U.S. a. An American who was a supporter of the British Crown and opposed independence during the American Revolution. Now historical.Originally a use of sense A. 3a in the specific context of American colonial politics. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > support of British side in War of Independence > supporter Tory1769 royalist1777 refugee1780 king's man1787 1769 Let. in Boston-gaz. 24 Apr. Keep your Rights out of Sight, and you may have any Thing else you desire. A Tory. 1770 J. Adams Diary 1 July (1961) I. 356 He gives a sad Account of the Opposition and Persecution he has suffered from the Tories. 1775 Pennsylvania Evening Post 1 July 278/1 The Whigs and Tories at Georgia are disputing with each other, and Governor Wright is much alarmed for his safety. 1821 J. F. Cooper Spy II. xiii. 208 Washington will not trust us with the keeping of a suspected tory, if we let this rascal trifle in this manner with the corps. 1962 L. Wibberly Treegate's Raiders (2011) 79 It is another thing to deal with a force of mountainmen better trained than your raggle-taggle Tories. 2001 Nat. Rev. (Nexis) 21 Nov. General Wooster engaged in wholesale incarceration and expulsion of New York Tories. b. During and immediately after the American Civil War: a Union sympathizer in a Confederate state. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > support of Union in Civil War > supporter unionist1815 Fed1861 federal1861 unioner1861 Union man1861 Tory1862 red-leg1863 1862 Southern Confederacy (Atlanta) 3 May 3/1 The other prisoners..are all sharp, intelligent-looking men—no hard looking cases like Yankee prisoners, and East Tennessee tories usually are. 1866 W. Reid After War 402 Ef you fetch any d—— tories heah, that went agin their State, and so kin take the oath,..'twill soon be too hot to hold 'em. 1953 T. C. Bryan Confederate Georgia ix. 152 In the fall of 1864 bands of Tories were plundering northeast Georgia. 1980 Tennessee Hist. Q. 39 48 Fears of a mass uprising of East Tennessee Tories,..haunted the Confederates. B. adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Tories (in various senses), esp. the Tory Party; characterized by, advocating, or supporting the principles, policies, or practices of the Tory Party or (later) the British or Canadian Conservative Party; that is a Tory. Also occasionally: reminiscent of or resembling the Tories in principles, outlook, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [adjective] > opposed to change Tory1651 unprogressive1722 conservative1802 old-line1803 improgressive1809 old school1816 conservatory1822 conservatist1835 unmarching1837 mossbacked1876 mossy1904 passéist1914 pastist1921 Luddite1957 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > conservative > of Tories or conservatives Tory1651 Torycal1682 blue1781 true blue1827 conservative1831 1651 Perfect Diurnall No. 69. 944 The losse of forty with the Captaine out of a full Company, leaves the rest ignorant how to manage a Tory trade. 1682 J. Dryden in T. Southerne Loyal Brother Epil. 59 He's neither yet a Whigg nor Tory-Boy. 1693 T. Rokeby Diary 15 Aug. (1887) 30 It is a Tory complaint ag^t a Whigg. 1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Dec. (1948) I. 113 [They] drank Mr. Harley's, lord Rochester's, and other Tory healths. c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xi. 103 Men who had Sense,..before that moment, thought after it but of setting up a Tory King against a Whig King. 1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 18 July 356/1 Yesterday several Tory prisoners were sent to Halifax jail. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1784 II. 504 We drank ‘Church and King’ after dinner, with true Tory cordiality. 1826 W. Scott Jrnl. 15 Dec. (1939) 292 The Tory interest was weak among the old stage[r]s, where I remember it so strong. 1886 T. E. Kebbel Hist. Toryism viii. 398 The Tory revival was but the twin sister of the Anglican revival. 1899 R. H. Charles Eschatol. v. 162 It [sc. Ecclesiasticus] is uncompromisingly tory, and refuses to admit the possibility of the new views as to the future life. 1926 Time 21 June 13/2 Mrs. ‘Temperance’ Fisher..electrified Tory topers last week by announcing that she now receives periodic shipments of Soviet vodka. 1950 K. Amis Lett. (2000) 237 Another thing that has been cheesing me off is that Margaret has thrown David over in favour of some rich gracious-living unsuccessful Tory candidate. 1993 Hist. Jrnl. 36 281 The tory admiral and conqueror of Gibraltar, Sir George Rooke, was a young tory captain in the exclusion crisis. 2019 C. Carraway Skint Estate (2020) vii. 139 I talk about being working class and our rented flat and being single and struggling under a Tory government, the benefits cap and how I fear we will be pushed out of London. Compounds C1. a. With participles, agent nouns, and verbal nouns, forming compounds in which Tory expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in Tory-supporting, Tory-voting (adjectives), Tory-hater, Tory-hunting (nouns), etc. ΚΠ 1651 Perfect Acct. Intelligence Armies & Navy No. 27. 213 Our Armies will have nothing to do but go a Tory-hunting, whereby this County will be established in peace for Travellers to passe. 1770 W. Kenrick Poems (new ed.) 312 Antipathies are fix'd in nature; A whig will be a tory-hater, The coward still must fear the brave, The subject will despise the slave. 1838 Fife Herald 8 Feb. 199/3 We have had lately at the harbour two beautiful launches. One of the vessels was named the ‘Victoria’, the other received the Tory-hating cognomen ‘Fife Herald’. 1905 Ulster Jrnl. Archæol. 11 47 One of the most active Tory hunters in Ulster was Captain William Hamilton, who, in 1682, commanded a troop of dragoons in the Earl of Arran's regiment of horse. 1967 E. A. Nordlinger Working-class Tories 170 On the one hand we have found Tory voting to decrease as income increases, on the other, to increase with greater economic satisfaction. 2000 Independent 20 Dec. (Review section) 3/5 Keeping the formerly Tory-supporting Express newspapers staunchly pro-Government. b. As a modifier, with past participles, with the sense ‘by Tories; with Tories’, as in Tory-controlled, Tory-appointed, Tory-ridden, etc. (adjectives). ΚΠ 1777 London Evening-Post 31 May When a King of Great Britain shall be so thoroughly Scotch and Tory ridden, as to emulate the character of Charles the First.., we shall find the Bishops ever faithful echoes of the Crown. 1839 C. G. F. Gore Cabinet Minister I. iv. 56 Lord Raynham,—a self-created Solon, a Tory-created peer. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 21 Sept. 2/3 Cases like mine, where in Tory-ridden villages the overseers resent both Liberal and women voters. 1908 W. S. Churchill in Nation 7 Mar. 812/2 The pressure of Tory-voiced discontent. 1961 Economist 2 Dec. 883/3 The new GLC, which will include the suburbs, is likely to be Tory-controlled. 1995 Canad. Hist. Rev. Mar. 11 In Upper Canada, the situation was superficially normal; harmony reigned between the executive and a Tory-dominated Assembly. 2016 Sun (Nexis) 11 Jan. 15 Round my way, the Tory-controlled council has just put daily commuter car parking charges up by 50p to £7. c. With other adjectives and nouns denoting political identities, with the sense ‘that is both (a) Tory and (a) ——’, as in Tory Jacobite, Tory Unionist, Tory Williamite, etc. See also Tory-Radical adj. and n. ΚΠ 1691 Kitchin-maids Answer to London Apprentice's Word 8 This manner of Judging was more becoming a Dissenter from our Church..or a Tory Jacobite. 1697 T. Rokeby Diary in Notes & Gleanings (1889) 15 Nov. 172/1 Mr. Ratcliff, sheriff of Devonshire, is a Tory-Williamite. 1727 Weekly Jrnl. 28 Jan. A letter from his Catholic majesty to the Tory Jacobites of Great Britain. 1834 Figaro in London 5 Apr. 54/1 There is, however, one chance for the Tory Unionists. 1958 Spectator 8 Aug. 198/2 Are they now Sound Money men, after thirteen years of Tory-Socialist inflation? 1983 B. M. Walker in S. Clarke & J. S. Donnelly Irish Peasants vi. 261 The social and religious character of Tory Unionist M.P.s was unchanged from 1881. C2. Tory democracy n. a political philosophy that combines conservative principles such as support for established institutions with advocacy of democratic popular politics and acceptance of some progressive social and economic reform. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > types of tantivyismc1680 Tory democracy1836 Young Englandism1844 neo-Toryism1859 neoconservatism1883 one nation1950 1836 Satirist 3 Jan. 2/3 Tory democracy is of all suspicious things the most suspicious, supposing it to exist at all. 1879 Spectator 21 June 776 Tory democracy—Jingoism is its proper name. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Nov. 3/2 We would venture to lay very long odds that Tory Democracy is much more likely to come in with a boom than to go out with a fiz. 1910 S. J. Low in Encycl. Brit. VI. 346/2 By this time [1882] he had definitely formulated the policy of progressive Conservatism which was known as ‘Tory democracy’. He declared that the Conservatives ought to adopt, rather than oppose, reforms of a popular character, and to challenge the claims of the Liberals to pose as the champions of the masses. 2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Dec. 29/3 Bismarck said that in England progressive parties take power to introduce reactionary measures while reactionary parties take power to introduce progressive measures, and Disraeli's ‘Tory democracy’ followed this rule. Tory Democrat n. a person who is both a Tory and a democrat in political outlook; spec. (a) an adherent or supporter of Tory Democracy; (b) a member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States who has a conservative outlook or traditionalist principles (now rare). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > types of tantivy1680 roary1681 high Tory1706 high-flying Tory1708 Tory Democrat1805 Tory-Radical1834 neo-Tory1865 wet1980 dry1983 1805 ‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unveiled (ed. 3) II. 169 Wilson is a tory Democrat, of Worcester, Massachusetts, advanced to office by the present administration. 1838 Examiner 29 Apr. 259/3 Now that we hear of Tory Democrats we may expect soon to hear of honest thieves. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 14 Jan. 2/2 Recommended..to the electors..on the ground that he is a ‘Tory Democrat’, in which hybrid political creature it is roundly declared ‘there is really more of true, old-fashioned Liberalism than in the Liberal Party to-day’. 1992 Vanity Fair June 116/2 After Connally announced his jump to the Republicans, Nixon, hoped, he would be followed by millions of other Tory Democrats estranged from the party of George McGovern. Tory Democratic adj. both Tory and democratic in political outlook; esp. of, relating to, or characteristic of Tory Democrats. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > conservative > of Tories or conservatives > types of tantivy1681 high Tory1682 roary1682 Tory-Radical1823 true blue1827 Tory Democratic1836 Eldonine1855 Eldonian1898 wet1981 1836 Corrector (Sag Harbour, N.Y.) 21 May The poor Tory democratic gulls, the ‘American people’. 1853 Lincoln, Rutland, & Stamford Mercury 26 Aug. Already the late Tory Democratic Ministry seemed to the fading memory like a Parliamentary dream, an historical joke. 1902 Daily Chron. 29 Aug. 4/5 The policy of the advanced Tory Democratic section. 1968 North Adams (Mass.) Transcript 3 Jan. 6/2 The paralysis that has afflicted the Tory Democratic establishment. 2011 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 50 390 Forwood looked on them [sc. equal electoral districts] favourably not out of any Tory-Democratic commitment to the rule of numbers. Tory party n. (originally) the political faction who opposed the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s (see sense A. 2); (subsequently) the British political party which developed from this faction after the Glorious Revolution (1688) and was eventually succeeded by the Conservative Party in the mid 19th cent. (see sense A. 3a); now used as an informal name for the British or Canadian Conservative Party. ΚΠ 1681 Char. Mod. Whig (single sheet) He hath all along Danced to the Jesuits Pipe, and Steer'd by his Compass we know, but of late he hath openly profest, and avowed such Doctrines as these: That 'tis lawful to take any Oaths whatsoever with a Mental Salvo for the sake of the good Old Cause. That no Faith is to be kept with the Tory-Party. 1694 Ld. Delamere Wks. 82 The greatest difficulty which the King has to struggle with will be from the High Church or Tory Party, and the more he trusts or confides in them, the harder game he will have to play. 1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 90 This inconsiderable Faction could not be deem'd the Tory Party, but received the Name of Jacobite with more Propriety. 1830 T. P. Thompson Article Great Brit. & France (ed. 3) 20 The advice of the English High Church and Tory party has been taken; and the Bourbons are driven from France. 1886 T. E. Kebbel Hist. Toryism ix. 468 In its defence of the Monarchy, the Church, and the territorial Constitution of the country, the Tory party has never faltered. 2013 Observer 10 Mar. 45/2 Strident at the best of times, this wing of the Tory party has become more clamorous because of the electoral menace posed to them by the Farageists. Tory-Radical adj. and n. British Politics (a) adj. of or relating to members or supporters of the Tory Party who were sympathetic to the ideas of the Radical movement (see radical adj. 7b(a)) (now historical); (b) n. (originally) a person with these political sympathies; (now) a Conservative politician who espouses ideas or policies which diverge from the orthodox Conservative view; cf. Whig-Radical adj. and n. at Whig n.² and adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > conservative > of Tories or conservatives > types of tantivy1681 high Tory1682 roary1682 Tory-Radical1823 true blue1827 Tory Democratic1836 Eldonine1855 Eldonian1898 wet1981 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > types of tantivy1680 roary1681 high Tory1706 high-flying Tory1708 Tory Democrat1805 Tory-Radical1834 neo-Tory1865 wet1980 dry1983 1823 Leeds Intelligencer 23 Oct. Such are the incomparable heroes in whose favour the Whig-Radical Times and Chronicle, and the Tory-Radical Poet and Sun have raved so incessantly during the last ten months. 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 387/2 The Governor, save on the question of slavery, the black niggers, and the Church, latterly became a sort of Tory-Radical. 1836 Leopold I, King of Belgians Let. 18 Nov. in Queen Victoria Lett. (1908) I. v. 53 An infamous Radical or Tory-Radical paper, the Constitutional, which seems determined to run down the Coburg family. 2018 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 7 Dec. 20 He is an instinctive Tory radical and would have no qualms about a large stimulus package to offset the worst effects of a no-deal Brexit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Toryv. Brit. /ˈtɔːri/, U.S. /ˈtɔri/ Forms: 1600s Torye, 1600s 1900s– Tory. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Tory n. Etymology: < Tory n. rare. 1. intransitive. In 17th-cent. Ireland: to live as an outlaw or Tory (Tory n. 1a) after being dispossessed by English settlers. Cf. Torying n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > brigandage or freebooting > be or act like brigand or freebooter [verb (intransitive)] freeboot1592 Tory1651 freebooter1659 buccaneer1787 filibuster1853 to turn out1862 1651 G. Rawdon Let. 24 Dec. (P.R.O.: SP 63/282) f. 104 Sir Phill: and Cormack Mulhallon Torye about braintree woodes; soe that they cannot stirr out of Charlamont but with a considerable strength. 1951 W. R. Hutchison Tyrone Precinct 63 He delayed his departure, ‘torying’ in the nearby woods, until, his safety becoming more and more in jeopardy, he had to take refuge in the old castle in Roughan Lake, near Newmills. 2. transitive. To call (a person) a Tory; to accuse of being a Tory. ΚΠ 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 20 Sept. 1/1 [They] shall pass for white Boys, and have never a word said to them for Torying, Tantivying and Masquerading his Majesties most loyal and dutiful Subjects. 2020 @Beckyejthomson 28 July in twitter.com (accessed 7 July 2021) I cannot believe you just ‘toried’ me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). < n.adj.1646v.1651
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Toryn.adj.

Compounds

Toryv.