单词 | bulb |
释义 | bulbn.ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > onion, leek, or garlic > [noun] > onion onion1356 bulb1568 faverel1597 violet1890 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion onion1356 bulb1568 faverel1597 violet1890 1568 W. Turner Herbal (rev. ed.) ii. 62 The roote wtin is whyte rounde and knoppy after the lyknes of a bulb. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxxvii. 644 Lyke an Onyon or Bulbe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 329 Asses milke warme, or sodden together with bulbe roots. a1712 W. King Orpheus & Eurydice (Misc.) 394 Iesuit Bulbs ty'd up with Ropes. 2. Botany. a. The underground spheroidal portion of the stem of an onion, lily, or other plant of analogous mode of growth; formerly, and still in popular language, regarded as a kind of ‘root’, but by modern botanists defined either as ‘a subterranean bud..sending off roots from below and a stem above’, or as ‘a very short stem, producing roots below, and leaves in the form of scales above’. Sometimes popularly applied to a solid tuber of similar external shape. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > bulb > [noun] bulb1664 onion1721 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) Advt. Bulbs, round or onion-shap'd roots. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 100 Chuse such Roots or Bulbs, as are sound. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. i. 26 The roots are bulbs of some sort or other. 1858 E. Lankester & W. B. Carpenter Veg. Physiol. (new ed.) §119 Bulbs..are in reality underground stems in the state of buds. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 142 There lies..on the outer side of the..scales of the bulb, one prismatic crystal. b. An axillary leaf-bud of bulbous form which detaches itself from the stem, becoming an independent plant, a bulbil. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [noun] > bulbil or bulblet bulbil1831 bulblet1848 bulb1854 1854 J. Lindley School Bot. (new ed.) x. 162 When they [sc. leaf-buds] disarticulate from the stem..they are called bulbs. 1862 T. H. Huxley On Knowl. Causes Phenomena Org. Nature 84 A little bulb or portion of the plant drops off, detaches itself and becomes capable of growing as a separate thing. 3. transferred. Anatomy. A roundish dilatation of any cylindrical organ or structure in an animal body, e.g. central bulb, ‘the bulbous extremity of a nerve-fibril in a corpuscle of Krause’; olfactory bulb, the anterior oval termination of the olfactory tract; auditory bulb, the membranous labyrinth and the cochlea together; bulb of the hair, the soft enlargement of the root end of the hair; bulb of spinal marrow, the medulla oblongata. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [noun] > rounded projection boss1386 ball1530 tubercle1556 tubercule1596 tuberculum1597 tuberosity1611 caruncle1615 papilla1671 bulb1716 tuber1741 mammula1815 mamilla1818 tuberculation1820 verruca1822 monticule1874 miliary1880 1716 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 327 The Bulb of the Pulmonary Vein..was extraordinarily dilated. 1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. lxxviii. 274 The End of the Bulb of the Urethra. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 614 The small bulbs which surround the roots of the hair. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life Introd. 46 The olfactory bulbs are absent. 4. a. A bulb-like dilatation of a glass tube; spec. the glass bulb-shaped container of the incandescent filament used for producing electric light; = electric light bulb n. at electric adj. and n. Compounds 1b. Also (rarely) a lump of metal of bulbous shape. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > parts of > light bulb bulb1796 electric bulb1856 electric light bulb1884 light bulb1885 globe1898 lamp-bulb1911 the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > metal bulb bulb1796 the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > bulb at end of glass tube head1664 bulb1833 1796 S. Vince Princ. Hydrostat. x. 116 A glass tube with a bulb at the bottom. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics x. 89 The bulb of the thermometer. 1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 302 The metal bulb, which is moved along the graduated line of the lever, to ascertain the weight. 1856 Enquire within upon Everything (1862) 278 Glass water bulbs..are sold by men in the London streets at one penny each. 1856 National Rev. July 88 The ray of the electric bulb, so sharply defined that all beyond its pencil falls into depth of darkness. 1882 Electric Light 1 Sept. 70/1 Volatilized carbon being deposited on the inside of the bulb. 1890 J. W. Urquhart Electr. Light Fitting 170 It becomes a question whether it is economical to run such blackened bulbs longer after a certain percentage of light has been so cut off. 1964 V. S. Naipaul Area of Darkness v. 110 A large bulb..was attached to a stunted flexible arm:..this was the lamp. b. bulb of percussion, the convex protuberance on the fractured surface of a flint. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > part of bulb of percussion1872 1872 J. Evans Anc. Stone Implements xii. 247 Where a splinter of flint is struck off by a blow, there will be a bulb or projection, of a more or less conical form, at the end where the blow was administered... This projection is usually known as the ‘bulb of percussion’. 1902 C. H. Read Guide Antiq. Stone Age (Brit. Mus.) 115 A ‘bulb of percussion’ is the characteristic mark of a worked flint. 1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 344 Even the one feature that is commonly held to determine human agency, the ‘bulb of percussion’, cannot be considered satisfactory without collateral evidence of some kind. 1923 Discovery Dec. 316/2 Even the bulb of percussion which arises when a flint is broken by a violent blow, owing to the elasticity of its substance, can be produced by [natural] forces. c. A pneumatic rubber bulb-shaped device on syringes, camera-mechanisms, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > other parts neck?a1425 buttc1425 cheek1487 wing1577 face1601 ear1678 wood1683 strig1703 thumb-piece1760 jaws1789 crown1796 lug1833 sprig1835 point angle1869 bulb1885 nosepiece1983 the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > rubber bulb bulb1885 1885 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 874 The bulb can be disconnected, and fitted to any of the pipes as an Injection Bottle. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 514/2 J. Cadett's system of pneumatic pressure, applied by means of a compressible rubber bulb and tube, which may drive a piston acting on the lever holding the shutter. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 431/2 Arrangements are made for keeping the shutter open for long times if needed (bulb and time or B and T). 1968 Listener 19 Dec. 811/3 He took from his pocket..a small glass instrument with a rubber bulb at the end. With this bulb he sucked some of the whisky into the tube. Compounds bulb-fin n. a keel of a yacht having a cigar-shaped attachment which in section presents a bulb-like appearance; also elliptical a yacht having such an attachment. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of sliding keel1797 centreboard1828 bilge-keel1850 ram1851 rocker1859 sidebar keel1869 bar-keel1874 plate-keel1874 bilge-piece1880 fin1885 bulb-keel1893 fin-keel1893 ballast fin1894 bulb-fin1894 plate1895 drop-keel1896 1894 E. Sullivan et al. Yachting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 91 She was very deficient in stability when the lead slab forming the keel was recast in the form of a bulb on the bottom of the plate, the completed design simply forming one of our modern bulb fin keels. 1895 Outing Sept. 481/1 The great bulb-fins Jubilee and Pilgrim. bulb iron n. (also bulb angle-iron) Mechanics a bulbed iron or angle-iron used to strengthen joints or angles in the framework of ships. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > deck or hold beams > plate or bulb strengthening blob1863 bulb iron1869 tie-plate1874 web frame1883 1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding i. 10 To introduce separate straps for the bulb-irons. 1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding viii. 138 A bulb angle-iron has been used for the deck beam. bulb-keel n. a keel of a yacht having a cigar-shaped attachment which in section presents a bulb-like appearance; also elliptical a yacht having such an attachment. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [noun] > having (type of) keel keel1883 bulb-keel1893 keel-boat1893 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > pleasure vessel > [noun] > yacht > types of yacht steam-yacht1812 skimmer1844 schooner-yacht1876 cruiser1879 keel1883 skimming-dish1884 cutter-yacht1885 bulb-keel1893 keel-boat1893 forty1894 half-rater1894 forty-tonner1895 one-designer1897 raceabout1897 forty-footer1902 sonder1907 star1911 tonnage-cheater1912 scow1929 tabloid1930 Yngling1969 maxi yacht1974 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of sliding keel1797 centreboard1828 bilge-keel1850 ram1851 rocker1859 sidebar keel1869 bar-keel1874 plate-keel1874 bilge-piece1880 fin1885 bulb-keel1893 fin-keel1893 ballast fin1894 bulb-fin1894 plate1895 drop-keel1896 1893 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 11/2 Boats..exhibiting all the most recent devices in bulb and fin keels. 1895 Boy's Own Paper 17 190/2 ‘A canoe-body and a bulb-keel’, the sheer plan being not unlike a chopper. 1927 R. A. Freeman Certain Dr. Thorndyke i. ix. 136 Spoon-bows and bulb keels were things as yet undreamed of. bulb-scales n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > bulb > [noun] > parts of bulb bulb-scales1882 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 714 The bulb-scales of the Tulip. bulb-tube n. a tube terminating in a bulb. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > quality of being hollow cylinder > hollow cylinder or tube > other types bulb-tube1839 vacuum tube1859 1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 818/2 The contents of the bulb-tube are emptied into a small evaporating dish. Derivatives bulb-like n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [adjective] > spherical or globular roundc1300 orbicular?1440 spherical1523 spheral1571 globous1591 globy1595 bulbed1597 orbed1598 sphery1600 spheric1610 globical1612 rotundious1614 globular1626 globed1633 global1637 globose1667 spheriform1678 globosous1681 globar1699 bulbous1783 ball-shaped1802 globate1806 perispheric1828 bulb-like1836 balloon-shaped1839 bulbiform1849 globuloid1889 1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 962/1 A soft bulb-like extremity. Draft additions 1993 Sometimes popularly applied to a solid tuber of similar external shape and by metonymy, esp. in Horticulture, to a plant which grows from a bulb. ΚΠ 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Cyclamen The German Cyclamens are rather Turnep-rooted Plants than Bulbs. 1821 Bot. Reg. 7 App. 7 Other points of agreement with Crinum separate them [sc. the plants] still more widely from the occidental bulbs which I have heretofore called Amaryllis. 1900 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 162 A great number of our spring flowers and hardy bulbs mature their foliage and go to rest early in the year. 1988 Gardening from Which? Aug. 245/1 Some autumn-flowering bulbs are suitable for partial shade. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bulbv. 1. intransitive. To swell out into a bulb-like or rounded form. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > take curved three-dimensional shape [verb (intransitive)] > become spherical or globular bulb1681 orb1850 globe1856 1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake (1699) 11 Bulbing out in figure of a sphere. 1886 Dagonet the Jester ii. 73 How sweetly bulbeth out the figure of Psyche as she looks into the lamp. 2. intransitive. To form a bulb-shaped root. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > bulb > be or have a bulb [verb (intransitive)] > form a bulb bulb1846 1846 Hannam in Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 7 ii. 589 The turnips did not bulb well. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
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