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单词 bulb
释义

bulbn.

Brit. /bʌlb/, U.S. /bəlb/
Forms: Also 1600s bulbe.
Etymology: < Latin bulbus < Greek βολβός onion, bulbous root.
1. An onion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > onion, leek, or garlic > [noun] > onion
onion1356
bulb1568
faverel1597
violet1890
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion
onion1356
bulb1568
faverel1597
violet1890
1568 W. Turner Herbal (rev. ed.) ii. 62 The roote wtin is whyte rounde and knoppy after the lyknes of a bulb.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxxvii. 644 Lyke an Onyon or Bulbe.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 329 Asses milke warme, or sodden together with bulbe roots.
a1712 W. King Orpheus & Eurydice (Misc.) 394 Iesuit Bulbs ty'd up with Ropes.
2. Botany.
a. The underground spheroidal portion of the stem of an onion, lily, or other plant of analogous mode of growth; formerly, and still in popular language, regarded as a kind of ‘root’, but by modern botanists defined either as ‘a subterranean bud..sending off roots from below and a stem above’, or as ‘a very short stem, producing roots below, and leaves in the form of scales above’. Sometimes popularly applied to a solid tuber of similar external shape.
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the world > plants > part of plant > bulb > [noun]
bulb1664
onion1721
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) Advt. Bulbs, round or onion-shap'd roots.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 100 Chuse such Roots or Bulbs, as are sound.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. i. 26 The roots are bulbs of some sort or other.
1858 E. Lankester & W. B. Carpenter Veg. Physiol. (new ed.) §119 Bulbs..are in reality underground stems in the state of buds.
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 142 There lies..on the outer side of the..scales of the bulb, one prismatic crystal.
b. An axillary leaf-bud of bulbous form which detaches itself from the stem, becoming an independent plant, a bulbil.
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the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [noun] > bulbil or bulblet
bulbil1831
bulblet1848
bulb1854
1854 J. Lindley School Bot. (new ed.) x. 162 When they [sc. leaf-buds] disarticulate from the stem..they are called bulbs.
1862 T. H. Huxley On Knowl. Causes Phenomena Org. Nature 84 A little bulb or portion of the plant drops off, detaches itself and becomes capable of growing as a separate thing.
3. transferred. Anatomy. A roundish dilatation of any cylindrical organ or structure in an animal body, e.g. central bulb, ‘the bulbous extremity of a nerve-fibril in a corpuscle of Krause’; olfactory bulb, the anterior oval termination of the olfactory tract; auditory bulb, the membranous labyrinth and the cochlea together; bulb of the hair, the soft enlargement of the root end of the hair; bulb of spinal marrow, the medulla oblongata.
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the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [noun] > rounded projection
boss1386
ball1530
tubercle1556
tubercule1596
tuberculum1597
tuberosity1611
caruncle1615
papilla1671
bulb1716
tuber1741
mammula1815
mamilla1818
tuberculation1820
verruca1822
monticule1874
miliary1880
1716 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 327 The Bulb of the Pulmonary Vein..was extraordinarily dilated.
1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. lxxviii. 274 The End of the Bulb of the Urethra.
1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 614 The small bulbs which surround the roots of the hair.
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life Introd. 46 The olfactory bulbs are absent.
4.
a. A bulb-like dilatation of a glass tube; spec. the glass bulb-shaped container of the incandescent filament used for producing electric light; = electric light bulb n. at electric adj. and n. Compounds 1b. Also (rarely) a lump of metal of bulbous shape.
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the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > parts of > light bulb
bulb1796
electric bulb1856
electric light bulb1884
light bulb1885
globe1898
lamp-bulb1911
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > metal bulb
bulb1796
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > bulb at end of glass tube
head1664
bulb1833
1796 S. Vince Princ. Hydrostat. x. 116 A glass tube with a bulb at the bottom.
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics x. 89 The bulb of the thermometer.
1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 302 The metal bulb, which is moved along the graduated line of the lever, to ascertain the weight.
1856 Enquire within upon Everything (1862) 278 Glass water bulbs..are sold by men in the London streets at one penny each.
1856 National Rev. July 88 The ray of the electric bulb, so sharply defined that all beyond its pencil falls into depth of darkness.
1882 Electric Light 1 Sept. 70/1 Volatilized carbon being deposited on the inside of the bulb.
1890 J. W. Urquhart Electr. Light Fitting 170 It becomes a question whether it is economical to run such blackened bulbs longer after a certain percentage of light has been so cut off.
1964 V. S. Naipaul Area of Darkness v. 110 A large bulb..was attached to a stunted flexible arm:..this was the lamp.
b. bulb of percussion, the convex protuberance on the fractured surface of a flint.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > part of
bulb of percussion1872
1872 J. Evans Anc. Stone Implements xii. 247 Where a splinter of flint is struck off by a blow, there will be a bulb or projection, of a more or less conical form, at the end where the blow was administered... This projection is usually known as the ‘bulb of percussion’.
1902 C. H. Read Guide Antiq. Stone Age (Brit. Mus.) 115 A ‘bulb of percussion’ is the characteristic mark of a worked flint.
1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 344 Even the one feature that is commonly held to determine human agency, the ‘bulb of percussion’, cannot be considered satisfactory without collateral evidence of some kind.
1923 Discovery Dec. 316/2 Even the bulb of percussion which arises when a flint is broken by a violent blow, owing to the elasticity of its substance, can be produced by [natural] forces.
c. A pneumatic rubber bulb-shaped device on syringes, camera-mechanisms, etc.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > other parts
neck?a1425
buttc1425
cheek1487
wing1577
face1601
ear1678
wood1683
strig1703
thumb-piece1760
jaws1789
crown1796
lug1833
sprig1835
point angle1869
bulb1885
nosepiece1983
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > rubber bulb
bulb1885
1885 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 874 The bulb can be disconnected, and fitted to any of the pipes as an Injection Bottle.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 514/2 J. Cadett's system of pneumatic pressure, applied by means of a compressible rubber bulb and tube, which may drive a piston acting on the lever holding the shutter.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 431/2 Arrangements are made for keeping the shutter open for long times if needed (bulb and time or B and T).
1968 Listener 19 Dec. 811/3 He took from his pocket..a small glass instrument with a rubber bulb at the end. With this bulb he sucked some of the whisky into the tube.

Compounds

bulb-fin n. a keel of a yacht having a cigar-shaped attachment which in section presents a bulb-like appearance; also elliptical a yacht having such an attachment.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of
sliding keel1797
centreboard1828
bilge-keel1850
ram1851
rocker1859
sidebar keel1869
bar-keel1874
plate-keel1874
bilge-piece1880
fin1885
bulb-keel1893
fin-keel1893
ballast fin1894
bulb-fin1894
plate1895
drop-keel1896
1894 E. Sullivan et al. Yachting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 91 She was very deficient in stability when the lead slab forming the keel was recast in the form of a bulb on the bottom of the plate, the completed design simply forming one of our modern bulb fin keels.
1895 Outing Sept. 481/1 The great bulb-fins Jubilee and Pilgrim.
bulb iron n. (also bulb angle-iron) Mechanics a bulbed iron or angle-iron used to strengthen joints or angles in the framework of ships.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > deck or hold beams > plate or bulb strengthening
blob1863
bulb iron1869
tie-plate1874
web frame1883
1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding i. 10 To introduce separate straps for the bulb-irons.
1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding viii. 138 A bulb angle-iron has been used for the deck beam.
bulb-keel n. a keel of a yacht having a cigar-shaped attachment which in section presents a bulb-like appearance; also elliptical a yacht having such an attachment.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [noun] > having (type of) keel
keel1883
bulb-keel1893
keel-boat1893
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > pleasure vessel > [noun] > yacht > types of yacht
steam-yacht1812
skimmer1844
schooner-yacht1876
cruiser1879
keel1883
skimming-dish1884
cutter-yacht1885
bulb-keel1893
keel-boat1893
forty1894
half-rater1894
forty-tonner1895
one-designer1897
raceabout1897
forty-footer1902
sonder1907
star1911
tonnage-cheater1912
scow1929
tabloid1930
Yngling1969
maxi yacht1974
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of
sliding keel1797
centreboard1828
bilge-keel1850
ram1851
rocker1859
sidebar keel1869
bar-keel1874
plate-keel1874
bilge-piece1880
fin1885
bulb-keel1893
fin-keel1893
ballast fin1894
bulb-fin1894
plate1895
drop-keel1896
1893 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 11/2 Boats..exhibiting all the most recent devices in bulb and fin keels.
1895 Boy's Own Paper 17 190/2 ‘A canoe-body and a bulb-keel’, the sheer plan being not unlike a chopper.
1927 R. A. Freeman Certain Dr. Thorndyke i. ix. 136 Spoon-bows and bulb keels were things as yet undreamed of.
bulb-scales n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > bulb > [noun] > parts of bulb
bulb-scales1882
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 714 The bulb-scales of the Tulip.
bulb-tube n. a tube terminating in a bulb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > quality of being hollow cylinder > hollow cylinder or tube > other types
bulb-tube1839
vacuum tube1859
1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 818/2 The contents of the bulb-tube are emptied into a small evaporating dish.

Derivatives

bulb-like n.
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the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [adjective] > spherical or globular
roundc1300
orbicular?1440
spherical1523
spheral1571
globous1591
globy1595
bulbed1597
orbed1598
sphery1600
spheric1610
globical1612
rotundious1614
globular1626
globed1633
global1637
globose1667
spheriform1678
globosous1681
globar1699
bulbous1783
ball-shaped1802
globate1806
perispheric1828
bulb-like1836
balloon-shaped1839
bulbiform1849
globuloid1889
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 962/1 A soft bulb-like extremity.

Draft additions 1993

Sometimes popularly applied to a solid tuber of similar external shape and by metonymy, esp. in Horticulture, to a plant which grows from a bulb.
ΚΠ
1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Cyclamen The German Cyclamens are rather Turnep-rooted Plants than Bulbs.
1821 Bot. Reg. 7 App. 7 Other points of agreement with Crinum separate them [sc. the plants] still more widely from the occidental bulbs which I have heretofore called Amaryllis.
1900 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 162 A great number of our spring flowers and hardy bulbs mature their foliage and go to rest early in the year.
1988 Gardening from Which? Aug. 245/1 Some autumn-flowering bulbs are suitable for partial shade.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bulbv.

Brit. /bʌlb/, U.S. /bəlb/
Etymology: < bulb n.
1. intransitive. To swell out into a bulb-like or rounded form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > take curved three-dimensional shape [verb (intransitive)] > become spherical or globular
bulb1681
orb1850
globe1856
1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake (1699) 11 Bulbing out in figure of a sphere.
1886 Dagonet the Jester ii. 73 How sweetly bulbeth out the figure of Psyche as she looks into the lamp.
2. intransitive. To form a bulb-shaped root.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > bulb > be or have a bulb [verb (intransitive)] > form a bulb
bulb1846
1846 Hannam in Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 7 ii. 589 The turnips did not bulb well.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1568v.1681
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