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单词 brisk
释义

briskadj.n.

Brit. /brɪsk/, U.S. /brɪsk/
Forms: Also 1600s briske, brisque.
Etymology: First found in end of 16th cent.; evidently familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries. Derivation uncertain: Welsh brysg (used of briskness of foot) occurs in a poem of the 14th cent. This appears to answer in form to Old Irish brisc, Irish briosg, Gaelic brisg, Breton bresk, ‘brittle’, ‘crumbly’; but it is not easy to connect the senses. It is however possible that brisk is identical with French brusque (which appears as bruisk in Scots c1560, and as bruske as early as 1600); at least Cotgrave gives brisk as a translation of brusque , and the words appear to have influenced each other in early use. See brusque adj.
A. adj.
1. Sharp or smart in regard to movement (in a praiseworthy sense) quick and active, lively.
a. of persons. (Sometimes used of disposition = ‘cheery, sprightly, lively’, but this is now chiefly dialect)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > brisk or active
sprindeOE
whata1000
braga1350
prestc1390
yarea1400
stirringc1400
startingc1440
actious1441
actuala1470
activea1522
queemc1540
skeetc1540
lively1567
alive-like1582
pragmatical1590
spruce1590
agilious1599
brisk1599
sprightly?c1599
brisky1600
alives-like1601
alacrious1602
smart1602
eyebright1603
whisking1611
deedy1615
vibrant1616
sprunt1631
perking1653
alert1654
exilient1654
alacrative1657
eveillé1676
budge1691
jaunty1705
spry1746
sprack1747
alive1748
high-geared1795
rash1805
spicy1828
live1830
deedful1834
yary1855
sprucy1858
alacritous1859
sprackish1882
brash1884
up-and-coming1889
up and doing1901
loose1907
bright-eyed and bushy-tailed1936
buzzy1978
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adjective] > moving swiftly and briskly
lightOE
quiverOE
wight1390
yerna1400
sharpc1440
fisking?1523
skeetc1540
nimblea1547
flit1590
brisk1599
brisky1600
smart1602
whipping1602
running1662
nimble-movinga1676
snack1710
brushing1792
adance1828
slippy1847
nippy1849
smartish1921
hoppy1934
1560 T. Archbald Let. in Keith Hist. Scotl. (1734) 489 (Jam.) Thir ar the imbassadoris..thai depart wondrous bruisk.]
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. v. 14 Chearely boyes, Be brisk a while. View more context for this quotation
1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Brisque, quick, liuely, fierce.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Brusque, briske, liuely, quicke, etc.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Frisque, friske, liuely, iolly, blithe, briske, fine, spruce, gay.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 135 A Company of bold, young, brisk Fellows.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth Introd., in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 5 The brisk, alert agent of a great house in the city.
1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xvi. 120 A bright, brisk lad, fresh from Oxford.
b. of actions and motions. (The prevalent modern use.)
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > brisk or active > of actions
sharpc1440
sportful1656
brisk1684
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 101 To enter with him a brisk encounter. View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xi. 319 It must needs be some exteriour cause, and the brisk acting of some Objects without me.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §20. 105 A slow and languid motion [of the eye] is more beautiful than a brisk one.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xi. 335 He made a brisk attack upon one of the gates.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. vii. 225 He..opened a brisk cannonade on the enemy.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. ii. 14 The brisk pace of men who had errands before them.
c. of trade: Active, lively.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > [adjective] > good or bad (of trade)
well-traded1609
sulke1636
quicka1687
dull1705
brisk1719
roaring1731
rousing1767
slow1823
briskish1864
upwith1864
excited1878
turnaway1943
1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 339 When Trade is brisk, Money..is more in view.
1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley iv. 49 The demand for iron was so brisk.
1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek iii. 64 A brisk traffic took place in the remaining articles.
d. of wind, fire, etc.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > brisk or active > of wind, fire, etc.
brisk1725
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [adjective] > strong or brisk
sada1450
quick1604
rousing1654
strong1765
brisk1830
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 184 Up sprung a brisker breeze.
1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. iii. 203 At last a brisk gale arose.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 133 New and brisk fountains of water rise at spring tides.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iv. 269 The brisk fire should..be only employed when the meat is half roasted.
e. of purgatives.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [adjective] > purgative > quick acting
brisk1799
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 236 He had a brisk cathartic given him.
1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 207 (note) They've drench'd her with cathartics brisk.
2. In allied senses, chiefly unfavourable. (With senses A. 2c, A. 2d, cf. French brusque.)
†a. Sharp-witted, pert; curt.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective] > impudent in speech or of speech
bardish1641
brisk1665
flippant1677
sassy1799
slang1818
lippy1875
smart-mouthed1967
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > curt or brusque
short1390
cutted1530
snappish1542
abrupt1578
stunt1581
blunt1590
brusquea1639
snapping1642
blatec1650
brisk1665
bluff1705
offhand1708
prerupt1727
squab1737
prompt1768
crisp1814
brief1818
stuntya1825
curt1831
snappy1834
bluffy1844
nebby1873
offhandish1886
nebsy1894
1665 J. Glanvill Scepsis Scientifica Addr. Royal Soc. sig. b Divers of the brisker Geniusses, who desire rather to be accounted Witts, then endeavour to be so.
†b. ‘Fast’ of life.
ΘΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [adjective]
golec888
canga1225
light?c1225
wooinga1382
nicea1387
riota1400
wantonc1400
wrenec1400
lachesc1450
loose?a1500
licentious1555
libertine1560
prostitute1569
riggish1569
wide1574
slipper1581
slippery1586
sportive1595
gay1597
Cyprian1598
suburb1598
waggish1600
smicker1606
suburbian1606
loose-living1607
wantona1627
free-living1632
libertinous1632
loose-lived1641
Corinthian1642
akolastic1656
slight1685
fast1699
freea1731
brisk1740
shy1787
slang1818
randomc1825
fastish1832
loosish1846
slummya1860
velocious1872
fly1880
slack1951
1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber vii. 152 The briskest loose Liver, or intemperate Man.
†c. Over hasty.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > acting with haste > hasty or sudden > excessively
over-hastyc1443
skita1529
preproperous1555
brisk1676
trigger-happy1943
1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode i. i. 13 He has been, as the sparkish word is, Brisk Upon the Ladies already.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 8 When that brisk, and improvident Resolution was taken.
†d. Unpleasantly sharp of tone.
Π
1667 J. Evelyn Let. 12 Mar. in Diary & Corr. (1857) III. 194 The smoothest or briskest notes of his Pindaric lyre.
1700 in Pennsylvania Arch. (1852) I. 138 I send yee ye Coots [= Court's] Lettr wch is very brisk.
e. Quickly passing, brief.
ΘΠ
the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > swift movement of time > [adjective]
slidinga900
scrithingOE
henwardOE
swifta1225
short livya1325
passing1340
flittingc1374
shadowy1374
temporalc1384
speedfula1400
transitory?c1400
brittlea1425
unabidingc1430
frail?c1450
indurablec1450
scrithel?c1475
caduke1483
transitorious1492
passanta1500
perishinga1500
caducea1513
fugitive?1518
caducal?1548
quick1548
delible1549
flittering1549
undurable?1555
shadowish1561
fleeting1563
vading1566
flightful1571
wanzing1571
transitive1575
slipping1581
diary1583
unlasting1585
never-lasting1588
flit1590
post-like1594
running1598
short-lived1598
short-winded1598
transient1599
unpermanent1607
flashy1609
of a day1612
passable1613
dureless1614
urgenta1616
waxena1616
decayable1617
horary1620
evanid1626
fugitable1628
short-dated1632
fugacious1635
ephemerala1639
impermanent1653
fungous1655
volatile1655
ephemerousa1660
unimmortal1667
timesome1674
while-being1674
of passage1680
journal1685
ephemeron1714
admovent1727
evanescent1728
meteorous1750
deciduous1763
preterient1786
ephemeridal1795
meteorica1802
meteor1803
ephemerean1804
ephemerid1804
evanescing1805
fleeted1810
fleet1812
unenduring1814
unremaining1817
unimmortalized1839
impersistent1849
flighty1850
uneternal1862
caducous1863
diurnal1866
horarious1866
brisk1879
evasive1881
picaresque1959
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. iv. 6 These most briske and giddy-paced times. View more context for this quotation
1879 R. Browning Ned Bratts in Idyls I. 23 Some trial for life and death, in a brisk five minutes' space.]
†3. Smartly or finely dressed; spruce. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > [adjective] > neat or trim
netc1330
pertc1330
cleanc1386
nicec1400
picked?c1425
dapperc1440
feata1471
gim1513
trig1513
well-trimmedc1513
trick1533
smirk1534
tricksy1552
neat1559
netty1573
deft1579
primpc1590
briska1593
smug1598
spruce1598
sprink1602
terse1602
compt1632
nitle1673
sprig1675
snod1691
tight1697
smugged1706
snug1714
pensy1718
fitty1746
jemmy1751
sprucy1774
smartc1778
natty1785
spry1806
perjink1808
soigné1821
nutty1823
toiletted1823
taut1829
spick and span1846
spicy1846
groomed1853
spiffy1853
well-groomed1865
bandboxy1870
perjinkity1880
spick-span1888
bandbox1916
tiddly1925
whip-smart1937
spit and polish1950
spit-and-polished1977
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. Dv I haue not seene a dapper iack so briske.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 53 To see him shine so briske, and smell so sweet. View more context for this quotation
1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. C My briske spangled babie wil come into a Stationers shop.
4. Of liquors: Agreeably sharp or smarting to the taste; effervescent, as opposed to ‘flat’ or ‘stale’. (So Italian brusco, French vin brusque in Cotgrave.) Similarly of the air: Fresh, keen, stimulating.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > brisk or sharp
smart1372
brisk1600
sprightly?1600
pert1705
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [adjective] > cool > cool and fresh
airisha1642
bracing1761
brisk1837
crispy1841
crisp1869
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 47 A cup of wine thats briske and fine. View more context for this quotation
1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. iii. ix. 82 Brisk Wines and Viands animate Their Souls.
1766 W. Brownrigg in Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 242 The brisk and pungent taste of the acidulæ.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 65 [Sir W. Forbes:] A bottle of beer..is made brisker by being set before the fire.
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 18 The air was brisk.
1846 J. Joyce Sci. Dialogues vii. 213 You see of what importance air is to give to all our liquors their pleasant and brisk flavour.
1876 L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 120 They brought a sweet brisk air.
†5. Sharp to other senses; distinct, vivid.
†a. to the hearing. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adjective] > clear
brightOE
clearc1300
breme1340
brisk1660
snellc1730
clear-cut1865
pellucid1952
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall i. 21 There is..produced a considerably brisk noise.
?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 51 Bricks well burnt..if you strike them with any thing, will make a brisk sound.
†b. to the sight. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > clearly visible > sharp or distinct
graphical1626
smart1644
sharp1675
vivid1690
briska1727
unblurred1809
vive1825
clear1835
shadeless1835
film-free1880
eidetic1924
crisp1937
deblurred1968
a1727 I. Newton Opticks (1730) i. i. 92 Had it [sc. my instrument] magnified..30 or 25 times, it would have made the Object appear more brisk and pleasant.
†B. n.
1. A ‘brisk’ or smart person; a gallant, a fop. (Cf. A. 3 above.)
ΘΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male
gallant1388
wamfler15..
rutter1506
younkera1522
fine gentleman1575
cavalier1589
whisker1595
jinglespur1604
bravery1616
brisk1621
chevalier1630
man about town1647
man of mode1676
man of distinction1699
sprag1707
sparky1756
blood1763
swell1786
Corinthian1819
galliard1828
mondain1833
toff1851
flâneur1854
Johnny1883
silver-tail1898
knut1911
lounge lizard1918
old buster1919
Hooray Henry1959
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. iii. i. ii. 677 A young gallant..a Fastidius Briske that can weare his clothes well, in fashion.
2. A lively, forward woman, a wanton.
ΘΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [noun] > person > female
skit?1571
Messalina1575
brisk1689
dasher1807
femme du monde1849
playgirl1916
1689 N. Lee Princess of Cleve iv. i The forward brisk, she that promis'd me the Ball Assignation.

Compounds

C1. Adverbial, as brisk-going, brisk sparkling.
Π
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii, in Fraser's Mag. Feb. 188/2 Like a strong, brisk-going, undershot-wheel.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iii. i. 145 Our brisk-sparkling assiduous official person.
C2. Parasynthetic, as brisk-spirited.
Π
1711 London Gaz. No. 4868/4 A..Cart Horse..brisk Spirited.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

briskv.

Brit. /brɪsk/, U.S. /brɪsk/
Etymology: < brisk adj.
1. transitive. To make brisk; to freshen, enliven, animate, exhilarate, quicken. Now with up or (colloquial) about.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > make brisk or active
brisk1628
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxxxiv. sig. Zv I like a Cup, to briske the spirits.
1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 112 The blood in the Arteries newly brisked in the fountain.
1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 321 Bennet Pills..exalt and brisk up the..heavy Blood.
1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 241 That portion of vital air which brisks up animality without consuming the sustenance of life.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. ix. 82 We want to brisk her up, and brisk her about.
1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 15 Modestine brisked up her pace.
2. intransitive (for reflexive). to brisk about: to move about briskly. to brisk up: to come up briskly; to become brisk, to behave or move in a brisk manner. (Also without up.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and briskly
fisk1393
trotc1416
whippet1540
skip1587
skice1591
trig1599
brisk1727
nip1825
june1869
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > cause to go briskly > make brisk
brisken1799
to brisk up1881
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > be brisk or active > become brisk or active
brisken1876
to brisk up1884
1727 A. Moreton On Apparitions 195 The lady..brisking up to him as if she would fight him.
1830 in Webster Brisk up,..to come up with life and speed; to take an erect, or bold attitude.
1881 E. H. Hunt Children at Jerusalem 169 He was up and brisking about.
1884 L. B. Walford Nan II. 76 After this adventure, we seemed..to brisk up afresh.
1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood xviii Miss Lydia..brisked up suddenly and continued her narration.
1915 H. L. Wilson Ruggles of Red Gap (1917) iii. 40 As I brisked out of bed the following morning at half-after six.
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 170 The rattle of rifle fire dwindled away at times to separate and scattered shots, brisked up again and rose to a long roll.
1938 L. MacNeice Earth Compels 40 You should see her in jodhpurs Brisking in to breakfast from a morning canter.
1966 Listener 24 Nov. 764/1 Claire..brisks up the even flow of strictly grammatical dialogue.
3.
†a. transitive. To smarten up; to dress finely, to trim. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautify (the person) [verb (transitive)]
highta1200
atiffe?c1225
tiff?c1225
wyndre?a1366
kembc1386
picka1393
prunec1395
tifta1400
varnishc1405
finea1425
tifflea1425
quaint1484
embuda1529
trick?1532
trick1545
dill1548
tricka1555
prink1573
smug1588
sponge1588
smudge1589
perk1590
primpc1590
sponge1592
tricksy1598
prime1616
sprug1622
briska1625
to sleek upa1625
trickify1678
prim1688
titivate1705
dandify1823
beflounce1824
befop1866
spry1878
lustrify1886
dude1899
doll1916
tart1938
youthify1945
pansy1946
spiv1947
dolly1958
zhuzh1970
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautify the person [verb (reflexive)]
preenc1395
prunec1395
prank1546
to set oneself out to the life1604
adonize1611
briska1625
tight1775
to make up1778
tighten1786
smarten1796
pretty1868
tart1938
pansy1946
sharpen1952
primp1959
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Honest Mans Fortune ii. iv, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Vuuuu/2 Prune and briske my selfe in the bright shine Of his good Lordships favours.
1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 259 The young cock..stood brisking up his comb and gills.
b. intransitive (for reflexive).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautify (the person) [verb (intransitive)]
trick?1532
mundify1568
prune1568
to finify it1586
prink1591
brisk1592
tiff1700
fetish1735
beautify1777
adonize1781
fix1783
smart1794
smarten1813
titivate1835
primp1887
doll1916
1592 R. Greene Disput. Conny-catcher sig. A4 Doest thou maruell to see me thus briskt.
1637 G. Daniel Genius of Isle 45 Whilst Neptune, to court Amphitrite doth briske.
1861 A. Trollope Tales of All Countries 193 Susan brisked up a little for the occasion [a wedding] and looked very pretty as bridesmaid.

Derivatives

brisked adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > brisk or active > made brisk
brisked1644
1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 109 The brisked spirits.
ˈbrisking n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > briskness or activeness > action of rendering brisk
brisking1717
1717 J. Killingbeck Serm. 223 For the relief of our natures; for the brisking up our spirits.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.a1593v.1592
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