† brunen.¹

Forms:

α. Old English–early Middle English bryne, Old English (rare)–Middle English (south-eastern) brene, early Middle English brune (south-west midlands), Middle English brine, Middle English bryn.

β. Old English byrn (Northumbrian), Old English byrn- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English burne (perhaps transmission error).

γ. Middle English brynne, Middle English (south-east midlands and East Anglian)–1500s brenne.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Icelandic bruni fact of burning, heat, passionate emotion (weak masculine), Old Swedish bruni < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of burn v.¹; compare also (with different ablaut grade) Old High German brinna fact of burning or being burnt, suffering (weak feminine). Compare later burn n.³ ( < burn v.¹).In Old English a strong masculine (i -stem) bryne , with i-mutation of original u caused by the stem-forming suffix. The Middle English forms show the expected reflexes of Old English y . The β. forms show metathesis of r ; compare metathesized forms of burn v.¹ and discussion at that entry. The γ. forms at least partly show remodelling after forms of burn v.¹ (compare β. and δ. forms of the infinitive at that entry).

Obsolete.

a. The action or an act of burning; the fact of burning or being burnt; fire, conflagration; an instance of this; spec. (in religious contexts) hell-fire as a torment of the damned. Also: fierce or scorching heat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun]

bruneOE

brandOE

burninga1300

ustion1567

exustion1583

combustiona1600

combusture1609

inustion?1630

ustulation1658

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun]

bruneOE

fireOE

eldc1200

glimmer1567

Vulcan1595

fire king1796

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xx. 12 Pares illos nobis fecisti qui portauimus pondus diei et aestus : ðu efnes uel gelic ða us ðu dydest we ða ðe beron hefegnise uel byrðen ðæs dæges & hæto uel byrn.

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) ix. 180 Ne þær ne bið hunger ne ðurst ne cyle ne bryne ne nænig unwynsumnes gemeted.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) 20 (table of contents) Ær þam ðe þæt mynster æt Coludes byrig mid bryne fornumen wære.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Þa wearð þe bryne adwæsced.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 693 (MED) Hit þunche delit awei warpe þet þing hwas lure ich schal..wið eche brune abuggen in helle.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1155 (MED) Oþer þu bodes huses brune.

c1350 Ayenbite (1866) App. 264 Helle is..Vol of brene on-þolyinde.

a1450 (?c1405) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 28 (MED) Þe mo brondes, þe hattere brynne [rhyme wynne].

c1460 in R. Brotanek Mittelengl. Dichtungen MS 432 Trin. Coll. Dublin (1940) 93 (MED) Here þis cursid boy doþe gret synne..Vndre þe horse tayle he putteþ a brynne.

b. on brune: on fire; aflame.

ΚΠ

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. vi. 47 Soðlice sume dæge hit gelamp þurh gemeleasnysse, þæt seo ylca cæster..wearð on bryne.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 26 Þa feringæ wearð heo bæften al on brune.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 133 Þe cwene..þet mid one strea brouhte obrune alle hire huses.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1239 (MED) He..þe fir brouth on brenne [rhyme henne].

2. figurative. Passionate emotion; a strong feeling of lust, rage, love, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > [noun]

bruneOE

passionc1390

transport1658

OE St. Mary of Egypt (Julius) (2002) 82 Þu mæge oncnawan þone unalyfedan bryne minra leahtra þe ic hæfde on þære lufe þæs geligeres.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 36 (MED) Ich..sparki in ham sparken of lustes..þet ha forberneð inwið & þurh þet brune ablindeð.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 187 Þe brune of galnesse.

a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 203 Þis þoht wolde sikerliche ontenden so soð luue on me. Nere þe heorte so cold þet ne schulde neuer sunne habben forðer in-ȝong þer þis brune were.

3. An injury caused by exposure of the skin to fire or heat; a burn; a scald; spec. (in later use) an identifying mark burned on the skin of an animal with a hot iron; a brand.

ΚΠ

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. lx. 130 Wiþ bryne genim finules niþeweardes, gebeat wið ealdne wysele & lege on.

OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) xii. 268 Wið wæteres bryne [?a1200 Harl. 6258B brine] oððe fyres, bærn fearres gor & scead þæron.

a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 751* (MED) He [sc. a horse]..Bere als a boles heued a bryn on hys shulderr.

1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xv. f. 28^v Catell hauynge no suche brenne.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bruneadj.n.²

Brit.

/bruːn/, U.S.

/brun/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French brune.

Etymology: < French brune (13th cent. or earlier in Old French as adjective in this sense, 17th cent. or earlier as noun in this sense), feminine form corresponding to brun brown adj. Compare earlier brunette adj., and (with use as noun) earlier brownetta n., brunet n., brunette n.

Now rare.

A. adj.

Of a girl or woman: brown-haired or dark-complexioned.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [adjective]

blackeOE

browned-black?c1510

dark?1537

black-faced1581

adust?1586

black-visaged1602

mulatto1622

kettle-faced1680

black-favoured1681

black-a-top1685

brown-complexioned1704

blackavised1721

brunette1724

brune1747

dark-skinned1750

black-looking1753

melanic1826

melanous1836

brunet1840

copper-skinned1873

brown-skinned1904

brown-

the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > having dark hair

blackeOE

black-hairedc1540

brown-haired1686

dark-haired1697

brunette1724

brune1747

raven-haired1778

melanocomous1836

night-haired1839

1747 E. Synge Let. 9 Sept. (1996) 83 Neither Rachel nor her Sister have beauty. They are both very Brune, indeed downright yellow.

1851 A. Crawford Reminisc. Naval Officer II. ix. 217 Her complexion, without a tinge of red, except in exercise, was brune, but clear, healthy, and transparent.

1891 A. Lang Ess. in Little 110 She is fair, and the good Rosalba is brune.

1936 R. P. Utter & G. B. Needham Pamela's Daughters vi. 194 If Athena was wise, she was a fool to compete, for who cares whether a learned lady is blonde or brune?

B. n.²

A girl or woman having brown hair or a dark complexion; a brunette.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > woman having dark

brownetta1582

morena1662

brunette1709

brune1828

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [noun] > person

brownetta1582

ouzel1600

tawny1660

brunet1671

brunette1709

brune1828

1828 Opera Glass 22 Sept. 18/1 The blond, and the brune, the blooming girl, the finished woman, and the widow un peu passee, are all compelled to wear the same livery, whether it be becoming or not.

1861 ‘Ouida’ in Bentley's Misc. Jan. 80 You seem to like that dark-eyed sister of hers—eh, old boy?.. She's too stately for me; besides, I don't care for your brunes.

1894 G. Meredith Lord Ormont II. ii. 23 Brunes are exceptional in England.

1936 R. P. Utter & G. B. Needham Pamela's Daughters ix. 355 In every hundred heroines we have eighty blondes, ten brunes, and ten red-heads.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	brune
释义	† brunen.¹ Forms: α. Old English–early Middle English bryne, Old English (rare)–Middle English (south-eastern) brene, early Middle English brune (south-west midlands), Middle English brine, Middle English bryn. β. Old English byrn (Northumbrian), Old English byrn- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English burne (perhaps transmission error). γ. Middle English brynne, Middle English (south-east midlands and East Anglian)–1500s brenne. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Icelandic bruni fact of burning, heat, passionate emotion (weak masculine), Old Swedish bruni < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of burn v.¹; compare also (with different ablaut grade) Old High German brinna fact of burning or being burnt, suffering (weak feminine). Compare later burn n.³ ( < burn v.¹).In Old English a strong masculine (i -stem) bryne , with i-mutation of original u caused by the stem-forming suffix. The Middle English forms show the expected reflexes of Old English y . The β. forms show metathesis of r ; compare metathesized forms of burn v.¹ and discussion at that entry. The γ. forms at least partly show remodelling after forms of burn v.¹ (compare β. and δ. forms of the infinitive at that entry). Obsolete. 1. a. The action or an act of burning; the fact of burning or being burnt; fire, conflagration; an instance of this; spec. (in religious contexts) hell-fire as a torment of the damned. Also: fierce or scorching heat. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] bruneOE brandOE burninga1300 ustion1567 exustion1583 combustiona1600 combusture1609 inustion?1630 ustulation1658 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] bruneOE fireOE eldc1200 glimmer1567 Vulcan1595 fire king1796 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xx. 12 Pares illos nobis fecisti qui portauimus pondus diei et aestus : ðu efnes uel gelic ða us ðu dydest we ða ðe beron hefegnise uel byrðen ðæs dæges & hæto uel byrn. OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) ix. 180 Ne þær ne bið hunger ne ðurst ne cyle ne bryne ne nænig unwynsumnes gemeted. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) 20 (table of contents) Ær þam ðe þæt mynster æt Coludes byrig mid bryne fornumen wære. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Þa wearð þe bryne adwæsced. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 693 (MED) Hit þunche delit awei warpe þet þing hwas lure ich schal..wið eche brune abuggen in helle. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1155 (MED) Oþer þu bodes huses brune. c1350 Ayenbite (1866) App. 264 Helle is..Vol of brene on-þolyinde. a1450 (?c1405) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 28 (MED) Þe mo brondes, þe hattere brynne [rhyme wynne]. c1460 in R. Brotanek Mittelengl. Dichtungen MS 432 Trin. Coll. Dublin (1940) 93 (MED) Here þis cursid boy doþe gret synne..Vndre þe horse tayle he putteþ a brynne. b. on brune: on fire; aflame. ΚΠ OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. vi. 47 Soðlice sume dæge hit gelamp þurh gemeleasnysse, þæt seo ylca cæster..wearð on bryne. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 26 Þa feringæ wearð heo bæften al on brune. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 133 Þe cwene..þet mid one strea brouhte obrune alle hire huses. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1239 (MED) He..þe fir brouth on brenne [rhyme henne]. 2. figurative. Passionate emotion; a strong feeling of lust, rage, love, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > [noun] bruneOE passionc1390 transport1658 OE St. Mary of Egypt (Julius) (2002) 82 Þu mæge oncnawan þone unalyfedan bryne minra leahtra þe ic hæfde on þære lufe þæs geligeres. c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 36 (MED) Ich..sparki in ham sparken of lustes..þet ha forberneð inwið & þurh þet brune ablindeð. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 187 Þe brune of galnesse. a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 203 Þis þoht wolde sikerliche ontenden so soð luue on me. Nere þe heorte so cold þet ne schulde neuer sunne habben forðer in-ȝong þer þis brune were. 3. An injury caused by exposure of the skin to fire or heat; a burn; a scald; spec. (in later use) an identifying mark burned on the skin of an animal with a hot iron; a brand. ΚΠ eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. lx. 130 Wiþ bryne genim finules niþeweardes, gebeat wið ealdne wysele & lege on. OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) xii. 268 Wið wæteres bryne [?a1200 Harl. 6258B brine] oððe fyres, bærn fearres gor & scead þæron. a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 751* (MED) He [sc. a horse]..Bere als a boles heued a bryn on hys shulderr. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xv. f. 28^v Catell hauynge no suche brenne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bruneadj.n.² Brit. /bruːn/, U.S. /brun/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French brune. Etymology: < French brune (13th cent. or earlier in Old French as adjective in this sense, 17th cent. or earlier as noun in this sense), feminine form corresponding to brun brown adj. Compare earlier brunette adj., and (with use as noun) earlier brownetta n., brunet n., brunette n. Now rare. A. adj. Of a girl or woman: brown-haired or dark-complexioned. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [adjective] blackeOE browned-black?c1510 dark?1537 black-faced1581 adust?1586 black-visaged1602 mulatto1622 kettle-faced1680 black-favoured1681 black-a-top1685 brown-complexioned1704 blackavised1721 brunette1724 brune1747 dark-skinned1750 black-looking1753 melanic1826 melanous1836 brunet1840 copper-skinned1873 brown-skinned1904 brown- the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > having dark hair blackeOE black-hairedc1540 brown-haired1686 dark-haired1697 brunette1724 brune1747 raven-haired1778 melanocomous1836 night-haired1839 1747 E. Synge Let. 9 Sept. (1996) 83 Neither Rachel nor her Sister have beauty. They are both very Brune, indeed downright yellow. 1851 A. Crawford Reminisc. Naval Officer II. ix. 217 Her complexion, without a tinge of red, except in exercise, was brune, but clear, healthy, and transparent. 1891 A. Lang Ess. in Little 110 She is fair, and the good Rosalba is brune. 1936 R. P. Utter & G. B. Needham Pamela's Daughters vi. 194 If Athena was wise, she was a fool to compete, for who cares whether a learned lady is blonde or brune? B. n.² A girl or woman having brown hair or a dark complexion; a brunette. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > woman having dark brownetta1582 morena1662 brunette1709 brune1828 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [noun] > person brownetta1582 ouzel1600 tawny1660 brunet1671 brunette1709 brune1828 1828 Opera Glass 22 Sept. 18/1 The blond, and the brune, the blooming girl, the finished woman, and the widow un peu passee, are all compelled to wear the same livery, whether it be becoming or not. 1861 ‘Ouida’ in Bentley's Misc. Jan. 80 You seem to like that dark-eyed sister of hers—eh, old boy?.. She's too stately for me; besides, I don't care for your brunes. 1894 G. Meredith Lord Ormont II. ii. 23 Brunes are exceptional in England. 1936 R. P. Utter & G. B. Needham Pamela's Daughters ix. 355 In every hundred heroines we have eighty blondes, ten brunes, and ten red-heads. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹eOEadj.n.²1747
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† brunen.1

bruneadj.n.2

† brunen.¹

bruneadj.n.²