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单词 unlaw
释义

unlawn.

Brit. /ˈʌnlɔː/, U.S. /ˈənˌlɔ/, /ˈənˌlɑ/, Scottish English /ˈʌnlɔ/
Forms:

α. see un- prefix1 and law n.1

β. Scottish pre-1700 hunlaue, pre-1700 hunlaw.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 nonlaw, pre-1700 nownlaw, pre-1700 nunlaw.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably partly modelled on an early Scandinavian lexical item. Etymons: un- prefix1, law n.1
Etymology: < un- prefix1 + law n.1, probably partly after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic úlǫg (plural noun) injustice, lawlessness (Icelandic ólög , plural noun), Norwegian ulag ill temper, disorder, (regional) evil custom or habit, Old Swedish olagh (Swedish olag ), Old Danish ulog (Danish ulov ), both in sense ‘violation of the law, illegal action’). Compare unlay n.The γ. forms show metanalysis (see N n.). In Old English the word occurs frequently in the works (including law codes) of Wulfstan, Archbishop of York (d. 1023).
1.
a. Violation of the law; illegal action; illegality, criminality; injustice; an instance of any of these. In later use also: absence of the rule of law, lawlessness.Between the 14th cent. and its revival in the 19th cent., only in occasional Scots use, chiefly in wrong and unlaw n. Obsolete minor wrongdoing of a kind not attracting the most severe penalties (cf. wrong n.2 2b).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > violation of law
unlawOE
wrongc1270
surfeitc1400
violation1433
wrongdoing1480
unlawfulnessa1500
transgressing1535
contravention1579
anomy1595
non-reason1597
contravening1645
law-breaking1881
OE Wulfstan Sermo ad Anglos (Nero) (1957) 267 Ac dæghwamlice man ihte yfel æfter oðrum & unriht rærde & unlaga manege ealles to wide gynd ealle þas þeode.
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Nero) v. i. §1. 236 Ures hlafordes gerædnes & his witena is, þæt man rihte laga up arære & ælce unlaga georne afylle.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 975 Godes wiþærsacan Godes lage bræcon..& fela unrihta & yfelra unlaga arysan up siððan.
in C. Innes Registrum Monasterii de Passelet (1832) 52 Cum omnibus..aisiamentis et placitis de wot, de wrang et hunlaue.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9705 Ȝuf..eni man made is apel, ȝuf me dude him vnlawe.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 8795 Ȝyf þou dedyst euer þat vnlawe, A man oute of holy cherche to drawe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19196 Þe lauerd þat bidd þe man wit-stand, Vnlau it es to tell in land.
c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 471 Torth & noun raysoun quod dicitur wrang et unlaw.
1566 Actis & Constit. Scotl. f. xxxvv The quhilkis sall decreit all maters of wrang and vnlaw within the Burgh.
c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 60 The defendar in his answering deny the wrang and unlaw.
1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert I in Regiam Majestatem 23 Sa lang as he or his preloquutour defends tort and non reason, that is, wrang and vnlach (that is to haue done na iniurie, nor vnreason agains the Law).
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xxi. 620 This state of things was what our fathers called unlaw.
1881 E. B. Pusey (title) Unlaw in judgements of the Judicial Committee of Privy Council.
1883 E. H. Browne Serm. Reading Congr. 15 The conflict between law and unlaw, between Christianity and irreligion.
1957 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 6 196 The learned author selects most of his examples from..fields like labour relations where there is little law or much unlaw.
2013 BusinessWorld (Nexis) 23 Sept. s1/5 But how to engender the rule of law when most organs of accountability are tethered to the rule of unlaw?
b. An evil custom or habit. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil habit > [noun]
unlawc1225
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > immoral conduct or habits > a vice or bad habit
unthewc897
miswonea1200
unlawc1225
vicea1300
misthewa1325
mistetch?c1450
bestiality1594
vitiosity1643
misteach1803
unvirtue1869
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) 558 Bireowseð ower sunnen,..leaueð ower unlahen.
2. Scottish. A fine or other penalty imposed on an offender. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun]
witereden688
witec890
guiltwite964
ransom?c1225
amends1340
forfeiture1399
ush1417
recoverya1422
issue1424
unlaw1424
fine1430
forfeita1475
unlay1497
multure1533
estreatc1550
mulct1584
forfeitment1597
1424 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 5/1 Quha sa euer be conuickit..he sall pay xl s. for the vnlaw.
1459 in J. Anderson Cal. Laing Charters (1899) 37 Syndry unlawis, amerciamentis, and all uther fautis.
1496 in Acta Dominorum Concilii (1918) II. 2 Ane unlaw of xl s.
1535 ( in W. Fraser Registrum Monasterii Cambuskenneth (1872) 260 We found him dempt lauchfully in twa wnlawis to the said abbot.
1541 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 65 The baxstaris for thair falt salbe punist..with viii s. of vnlaw.
1567 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 242 Quhatsumeuer persoun..being convict of bludewyte, sall pay ane vnlaw of fyve pund.
1613 in Northern Notes & Queries (1886) 1 74 Under the payne of ane vnlaw of ane pound Fleymis.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 206 The unlaw to be ten Pound.
1732 J. Louthian Form of Process 273 Fines, Amerciaments, or Unlaws inflicted upon Offenders,..are sometimes ordained wholly to be paid to the King.
1824 R. Clark View of Office of Sheriff In Scotl. 47 If the witness..fail to appear on the day fixed, he incurs a fine or unlaw of one hundred merks.
1901 R. Renwick in M. Maclean Archæol., Educ., Med., & Charitable Inst. Glasgow 61 It was agreed that all fees and unlaws falling to any of the magistrates should thenceforth be paid to the treasurer for the common use of the town.
1995 Sc. Hist. Rev. 74 37 In the absence of the bailie his depute was to..raise and gather in the unlaws and amercements at the command of the abbot.

Phrases

Scottish. not worth the king's unlaw: (of a poor or destitute person) not meeting the property qualification of £10 Scots for acting as a witness (an amount equivalent to that of a standard fine for minor offences; cf. sense 2). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1611 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 140 He being ane vagabund, without ony residence, nocht worth the Kingis vnlaw.
1698 J. Kirkwood Plea before Kirk 14 Beggars or such as live on charity, or not worth the kings unlaw, as we say.
1723 in H. Paton Rothesay Parish Rec. (1931) 376 As to Catherine Spence he only objects she is not worth the King's unlaw.
1767 in R. S. Craig & A. Laing Hawick Tradition (1898) 243 [He] is not worth the King's unlaw, being on the Parish Roll or Poors List.
1772 Proof led in Process against W. Macmaster (Parish of Port Patrick) 39 Being maintained in the poors-house.., it is evident he is not worth the King's unlaw.
1826 R. Bell & W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. (ed. 3) II. 549 A witness was formerly inadmissible who was not worth the King's unlaw, i. e. the sum of L.10 Scots.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

unlawv.1

Brit. /(ˌ)ʌnˈlɔː/, U.S. /ˌənˈlɔ/, /ˌənˈlɑ/, Scottish English /(ˌ)ʌnˈlɔ/
Forms: see unlaw n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: unlaw n.
Etymology: < unlaw n.
Scottish. Now historical and rare.
1. transitive. To impose a fine or other penalty on (an offender). Also intransitive. Cf. unlaw n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)]
mulct?a1475
gersum1483
unlaw1508
finea1513
check1526
to be put to one's fine1542
punish1552
forfeitc1592
tinsel1609
sconce1641
physic1821
to fix (a person) with liability1833
log1889
c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 346/2 Item..to his [sc. the justice's] clerk for ilk man vnlawit or sald ij s.
1479 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 23/1 William Boyde..has callit Robert Boyd & William Boyde his sone & vnlawit thaim & raisit vnlawis of thaim vtouth ther avne landis.
1508 Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. I. 244/2 That nane of ȝow presume to call, geif sentence, unlaw,..the said Johnne.
1564 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 307 [He] wes unlawit in the soum..of ane thowsand markis.
1613 in R. M. Fergusson A. Hume (1899) 199 The counsall..have..unlawit the said Adam..for his said offence.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 419 A Barron may unlaw for absence, for ten Pounds.
1710 in J. J. Vernon Par. & Kirk Hawick (1900) 203 [They] were each of them..fyned and onlawed in egregious ryotts.
1732 J. Louthian Form of Process 295 The several Sheriff Deputes,..if any be absent,..are unlawed in 100 Merks each.
1820 Edinb. Mag. June 538/2 There is a person unlawed for shooting a swan.
1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 221 The Convention 5th Augst 1578 unlawed Haddington for pursuing the town of Dunbar before the Session.
1920 Eng. Hist. Rev. 35 181 The sheriff could take no action until and unless the baron unlawed his tenant.
1937 W. C. Dickinson Court Bk. Barony of Carnwath Introd. p. lxxvii How then were the tenants of the baron to know when the next court would be held, in order that they might render their court service and thus avoid being unlawed for absence?
2. intransitive. To pay a fine. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (intransitive)] > pay fine
unlaw1528
1528 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 95 Jhone Clerkis wyf vas fondin be devis of the communite unabyll to unlaw and vas ordinit to be put out of the toun.
1692 in W. Hector Judic. Rec. Renfrew (1876) 54 Ilk ane o' them ought to unlaw to the Pror.-Fiscal.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

unlawv.2

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: un- prefix2, law v.
Etymology: < un- prefix2 + law v.
Obsolete.
transitive. To annul (a law).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity
abatea1325
squatcha1325
voida1325
allayc1325
annul1395
reverse1395
revokec1400
rupt?a1425
repealc1425
abroge1427
defeat1429
purloin1461
cassa1464
toll1467
resume1472
reprove1479
suspend1488
discharge1495
reduce1498
cassate1512
defease1512
denulla1513
disannula1513
fordoa1513
avoid1514–5
abrogate?1520
frustrate1528
revert1528
disaffirm?1530
extinct1530
resolve1537
null1538
nihilate1545
extinguish1548
elidec1554
revocate1564
annullate1570
squat1577
skaila1583
irritate1605
retex1606
nullify1607
unable1611
refix1621
vitiate1627
invalid1643
vacate1643
unlaw1644
outlaw1647
invalidate1649
disenact1651
vacuate1654
supersedec1674
destroy1805
break1891
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 37 That also..no law can possibly permit, that intends not to unlaw it self.
1654 O. Cromwell Speech 12 Sept. (Carlyle) Of what assurance is a Law to prevent so great an evil, if it lie in the same Legislature to unlaw it again?
1704 T. Staynoe Salvation by Jesus Christ Alone II. ix. 223 The Law of Works cannot justly be altered: For, if it may; then the Law of Works would be so far unlawed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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