universalistn.adj.

Brit.

/ˌjuːnᵻˈvəːsəlɪst/,

/ˌjuːnᵻˈvəːsl̩ɪst/, U.S.

/ˌjunəˈvərsələst/

Forms: see universal adj., n., and adv. and -ist suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: universal adj., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < universal adj. + -ist suffix. Compare post-classical Latin universalista believer in (logical) universals (a1360 in a British source), supporter of papal claim to universal supremacy (c1620 in a British source). Compare also French universaliste (adjective) believing in the doctrine of universal salvation (1684), (noun) person who believes in the doctrine of universal salvation (1704), person who is knowledgeable in many subjects (1757). Compare universalism n., and also universalian n., universalian adj., universalistic adj.

A. n.

1. Theology (Christian Church and Judaism). Also with capital initial. A person who believes that all people are chosen by God for salvation (opposed to particularist); (esp. in the United States) a member of a Christian church or sect holding this belief. Cf. sense B. 1, universalism n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [noun] > universalism > adherent

universalist1615

universallera1640

universarian1653

universalian1673

1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Colossians i. 151 The words, all, and euery one, are not alwaies in Scripture to be vnderstood vniuersally, of all the singular persons in the world, as the vniuersalists conceiue.

1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland i. 58 Some assertors both in Geneva and Switzerland, who denied the imputation of Adams sin, and asserted the Universality of Christs death, together with a sufficient Grace given to all Men..: these came to be called Universalists.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Arminians are particularly denominated Universalists.

1773 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) X. 425 Bishop Ridley, Hooper, and Latimer..were firm Universalists.

1805 J. Spaulding Universalism 150 These Universalists pretend to be the foremost in extolling the grace of God.

1861 Contrib. Eccl. Hist. Connecticut 278 Attempts..to gather a congregation of Universalists for public worship.

1913 Biblical World 42 88/1 Many have also felt it to be a mistake to exclude from this wider fellowship into which the churches are coming Unitarians, Universalists, and like-minded Christians.

1964 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 32 62/2 A statement about the conflict between the universalists and particularists, between the narrow nationalism of Ezekiel..and the universalism of Second Isaiah and Jonah..is really needed.

2000 A. Mason in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 733/2 Universalists believe that everyone will go to heaven.

†2. A Roman Catholic. Obsolete.So called in reference to the ‘universality’ or all-encompassing nature of Catholicism: see universality n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun]

papist1528

Romanist1534

Roman1537

Romist1543

papistic1545

popestant1549

flesh-maker1551

mass-monger1551

Romish1551

Pope catholicc1554

popeling1563

catholic1570

Romish Catholic1571

popera1577

Pope worshipper1579

papane1581

Roman Catholic1581

Cacolike1582

Cartholic1582

papisha1595

Babylonian1603

papal1611

popinian1613

Papalin1616

Romulist1620

papicolist1633

western1640

papagan1641

universalist1644

red-letter man1677

RC1691

Azymite1728

papalist1752

craw-thumper1786

catholicist1812

papisher1817

pontifical1832

Romanite1839

dogan1847

mickey1851

redneck1852

mackerel-snatcher1855

Latin1867

Romanensian1885

Roman candle1897

Mick1902

Mick Dooley1905

Mickey Doo1905

left-footer1911

Pape1927

right-footer1929

Doolan1940

tyke1941

Tim1958

mackerel-snapper1960

Teague1971

Mickey Doolan1972

1644 D. Featley Roma Ruens 29 To this poynt I earnestly desire particular satisfaction, which I have not yet received from any Roman Catholike, or universalist (as they would be called).

1781 Protestant Mag. Oct. 116 The proper mark of the Catholic, that is of the universalist, is, to prefer the common sentiment of the whole church to his own.

†3. A person who in respect of a specified thing acts with universality or uniformity. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > steadfast person

universalist1677

1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra iii. xx. 172 A true Christian should be a perfect Universalist, he should be universally against all Sin, and universally for All Duty.

†4. A person who uses universal propositions. Cf. universal adj. 6b. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > one who uses

universalist1680

1680 R. Baxter Answer to Dr. Stillingfleet Pref. sig. A 3 Universallists, that can prove me to be an Ass, because I am an Animal.

5. A person who is knowledgeable in many subjects or branches of a subject, as opposed to a specialist; a universal scholar. Also: †a person with many occupations (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > many-sidedness or versatility > many-sided or versatile person

universalist1713

Admirable Crichton1807

all-rounder1869

all-arounder1902

Renaissance man1906

uomo universale1963

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > large amount of knowledge > [noun] > possession of > one who has or claims

polyhistor1588

omniscian1593

walking dictionary1609

polymathist1621

polymath1624

callent1637

polyhistorian1669

at-all1672

omniscient1710

universalist1713

dictionary1734

know-all1800

Crichton1807

pantologist1840

pansophist1864

encyclopaedist1871

know-it-all1873

omniscientist1932

pointy-head1969

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > others

bell-hanger1540

powder monkey1670

articulator1798

universalist1801

sander1854

gummer?1881

shaver1885

wire-cutter1888

knacker1890

radiologist1905

groundhog1926

dogman1948

1713 R. Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking I. iii. 11 A modern Free-thinker is an Universalist in Speculation; any Proposition whatsoever he's ready to decide.

1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus vii. 163 He was not, nor did he [sc. Linnæus] wish to be such an universalist as Haller; and nature remained his sole study.

1801 Sporting Mag. 18 104 You'll find I'm an universalist; i.e. a Professor of all trades.

1830 S. H. Cassan Lives Bishops of Bath & Wells ii. 172 He was an Universalist in the best sense of the word; and not a smatterer in various sciences.

1881 C. Tomlinson in Nature 18 Aug. 356/2 The gold of a universalist is apt to shrink down into dross when tested in the crucible of a specialist.

1913 G. K. Chesterton What's Wrong with World iii. ii. 123 What makes it difficult for the average man to be a universalist is that the average man has to be a specialist.

1968 Operations Res. 16 874 The universalist does not seem to rate the acclaim that the specialist gets nowadays.

2004 M. Moffett et al. World Hist. Archit. xi. 303/1 The Renaissance architect, in Alberti's mind, was to be a universalist.

6. A person who regards humanity as a whole, rather than as divided by nation, race, etc.; a person advocating loyalty to and concern for all others without regard to national allegiances.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > doctrines or theories > advocate of

universalist1850

mutualist1892

pluralist1916

possibilist1925

1850 R. Knox Races of Men 18 Carry him [sc. the Caledonian] to Canada; he is still the same... I beseech you, you great essayists, Utopians, universalists, and shrewd fatalist statesmen, to explain the facts if you can.

1925 Economica No. 13. 99 The equality defended by universalists is not an absolute but a proportionate equality.

1944 A. Brecht in Regionalism & World Organization 11 The universalists want a world-wide organization..and the ideological unionists advocate a confederation of democracies or a league of the United Nations.

1952 V. Gollancz My Dear Timothy xii. 110 A universalist is a person for whom nations don't exist, only persons.

2006 Observer 9 Apr. i. 11/2 Universalists argue that certain rights and protections—freedom of speech, democracy, the rule of law—are common or, at least, should be available to all people.

7. A person who regards something objectively and not from one particular point of view.

ΚΠ

1892 E. C. Stedman Nat. Poetry iv. 142 The best critic, then, is the universalist, who sees the excellence of either phase of expression according as it is natural to one's race and period.

2005 R. Nola & G. Irzik Philos., Sci., Educ. & Culture xiii. 428 Universalists believe that what makes such claims to knowledge true are the features or aspects of reality, not interests, gender, race, ethnic background or the like.

B. adj.

1. Christian Church. Also with capital initial. Of or relating to the doctrine of universal salvation; designating a church or sect that holds this belief. Cf. sense A. 1, universalism n. 1, universalistic adj. 1. Now chiefly historical.Universalist belief was particularly strong in the United States, the first universalist churches being established there in the late 18th cent. In 1866 the denomination Universalist General Convention was adopted, changed to the Universalist Church of America in 1942. In 1961, the Universalist Church merged with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association, which defines itself as ‘non-creedal’ or post-Christian, often drawing on elements from other faiths. In this last designation the original sense of universalist is weakened or perhaps lost, merging into sense B. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [adjective] > universalism

universalistic1689

universaliana1791

universalist1794

1794 H. Wansey Jrnl. 22 June in Jrnl. Excursion to U.S. (1796) 212 Dr. P. has..since preached a series of discourses at Philadelphia, on the Evidences of Christianity, to very full congregations; and a Sermon on the opening of the Universalist Church, at which almost every Member of Congress attended.

1796 N. Strong Doctr. Eternal Misery i. 45 Doctor Chauncey, a Universalist writer, takes almost the whole of his scripture proof from the writings of Paul.

1819 Universalist Mag. 21 Aug. 32/3 Pastor of the First Independent Church of Christ, called Universalist, in Philadelphia.

1859 S. A. Allibone Crit. Dict. Eng. Lit. I. 109 Ballon, Rev. Hosea,..a prominent Universalist minister.

1925 Amer. Mercury Feb. 188/1 Five hundred members of the State W.C.T.U. jammed into the basement of the First Universalist Church for the afternoon session.

1960 C. E. Olmstead Hist. Relig. in U.S. xiii. 265 The Unitarian and Universalist movements which blossomed in the declining years of the eighteenth century found man to be a noble work of God rather than a morally depraved being who could do no good thing without divine election.

2001 U.S. News & World Rep. Spec. Coll. Ed.: Myst. of Faith 53/1 Origen suggested..that in hell, even the worst of sinners could be rehabilitated and ultimately find their way to paradise. But his ‘universalist’ view was rejected by church leaders at the Council of Constantinople in 543.

2. Extending or applying to the whole of something, esp. humankind. Cf. universalistic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > relating to or affecting the whole of something

totalc1386

universal1435

universalist1877

1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. iii. 89 The universalist [Du. universalistisch] monotheism of the Gospel, which has entirely broken down the bounds of nationality.

1938 P. Grainger Let. 24 Aug. in All-round Man (1994) 153 The giving of ‘Grainger Concerts’..in the programs of which will be reflected the universalist taste (interest in the music of all times and places) of the composers of our era.

1987 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 48 165 He still aspires to a universalist system of social metaphysics, or metalinguistics, designed rather to answer old questions than to pose new ones.

2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 July 14 The best approach to mobilizing the forgotten majority lies in universalist, transracial issues that should have substantial appeal to the Democratic base.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	universalist
释义	universalistn.adj. Brit. /ˌjuːnᵻˈvəːsəlɪst/, /ˌjuːnᵻˈvəːsl̩ɪst/, U.S. /ˌjunəˈvərsələst/ Forms: see universal adj., n., and adv. and -ist suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: universal adj., -ist suffix. Etymology: < universal adj. + -ist suffix. Compare post-classical Latin universalista believer in (logical) universals (a1360 in a British source), supporter of papal claim to universal supremacy (c1620 in a British source). Compare also French universaliste (adjective) believing in the doctrine of universal salvation (1684), (noun) person who believes in the doctrine of universal salvation (1704), person who is knowledgeable in many subjects (1757). Compare universalism n., and also universalian n., universalian adj., universalistic adj. A. n. 1. Theology (Christian Church and Judaism). Also with capital initial. A person who believes that all people are chosen by God for salvation (opposed to particularist); (esp. in the United States) a member of a Christian church or sect holding this belief. Cf. sense B. 1, universalism n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [noun] > universalism > adherent universalist1615 universallera1640 universarian1653 universalian1673 1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Colossians i. 151 The words, all, and euery one, are not alwaies in Scripture to be vnderstood vniuersally, of all the singular persons in the world, as the vniuersalists conceiue. 1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland i. 58 Some assertors both in Geneva and Switzerland, who denied the imputation of Adams sin, and asserted the Universality of Christs death, together with a sufficient Grace given to all Men..: these came to be called Universalists. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Arminians are particularly denominated Universalists. 1773 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) X. 425 Bishop Ridley, Hooper, and Latimer..were firm Universalists. 1805 J. Spaulding Universalism 150 These Universalists pretend to be the foremost in extolling the grace of God. 1861 Contrib. Eccl. Hist. Connecticut 278 Attempts..to gather a congregation of Universalists for public worship. 1913 Biblical World 42 88/1 Many have also felt it to be a mistake to exclude from this wider fellowship into which the churches are coming Unitarians, Universalists, and like-minded Christians. 1964 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 32 62/2 A statement about the conflict between the universalists and particularists, between the narrow nationalism of Ezekiel..and the universalism of Second Isaiah and Jonah..is really needed. 2000 A. Mason in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 733/2 Universalists believe that everyone will go to heaven. †2. A Roman Catholic. Obsolete.So called in reference to the ‘universality’ or all-encompassing nature of Catholicism: see universality n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun] papist1528 Romanist1534 Roman1537 Romist1543 papistic1545 popestant1549 flesh-maker1551 mass-monger1551 Romish1551 Pope catholicc1554 popeling1563 catholic1570 Romish Catholic1571 popera1577 Pope worshipper1579 papane1581 Roman Catholic1581 Cacolike1582 Cartholic1582 papisha1595 Babylonian1603 papal1611 popinian1613 Papalin1616 Romulist1620 papicolist1633 western1640 papagan1641 universalist1644 red-letter man1677 RC1691 Azymite1728 papalist1752 craw-thumper1786 catholicist1812 papisher1817 pontifical1832 Romanite1839 dogan1847 mickey1851 redneck1852 mackerel-snatcher1855 Latin1867 Romanensian1885 Roman candle1897 Mick1902 Mick Dooley1905 Mickey Doo1905 left-footer1911 Pape1927 right-footer1929 Doolan1940 tyke1941 Tim1958 mackerel-snapper1960 Teague1971 Mickey Doolan1972 1644 D. Featley Roma Ruens 29 To this poynt I earnestly desire particular satisfaction, which I have not yet received from any Roman Catholike, or universalist (as they would be called). 1781 Protestant Mag. Oct. 116 The proper mark of the Catholic, that is of the universalist, is, to prefer the common sentiment of the whole church to his own. †3. A person who in respect of a specified thing acts with universality or uniformity. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > steadfast person universalist1677 1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra iii. xx. 172 A true Christian should be a perfect Universalist, he should be universally against all Sin, and universally for All Duty. †4. A person who uses universal propositions. Cf. universal adj. 6b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > one who uses universalist1680 1680 R. Baxter Answer to Dr. Stillingfleet Pref. sig. A 3 Universallists, that can prove me to be an Ass, because I am an Animal. 5. A person who is knowledgeable in many subjects or branches of a subject, as opposed to a specialist; a universal scholar. Also: †a person with many occupations (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > many-sidedness or versatility > many-sided or versatile person universalist1713 Admirable Crichton1807 all-rounder1869 all-arounder1902 Renaissance man1906 uomo universale1963 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > large amount of knowledge > [noun] > possession of > one who has or claims polyhistor1588 omniscian1593 walking dictionary1609 polymathist1621 polymath1624 callent1637 polyhistorian1669 at-all1672 omniscient1710 universalist1713 dictionary1734 know-all1800 Crichton1807 pantologist1840 pansophist1864 encyclopaedist1871 know-it-all1873 omniscientist1932 pointy-head1969 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > others bell-hanger1540 powder monkey1670 articulator1798 universalist1801 sander1854 gummer?1881 shaver1885 wire-cutter1888 knacker1890 radiologist1905 groundhog1926 dogman1948 1713 R. Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking I. iii. 11 A modern Free-thinker is an Universalist in Speculation; any Proposition whatsoever he's ready to decide. 1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus vii. 163 He was not, nor did he [sc. Linnæus] wish to be such an universalist as Haller; and nature remained his sole study. 1801 Sporting Mag. 18 104 You'll find I'm an universalist; i.e. a Professor of all trades. 1830 S. H. Cassan Lives Bishops of Bath & Wells ii. 172 He was an Universalist in the best sense of the word; and not a smatterer in various sciences. 1881 C. Tomlinson in Nature 18 Aug. 356/2 The gold of a universalist is apt to shrink down into dross when tested in the crucible of a specialist. 1913 G. K. Chesterton What's Wrong with World iii. ii. 123 What makes it difficult for the average man to be a universalist is that the average man has to be a specialist. 1968 Operations Res. 16 874 The universalist does not seem to rate the acclaim that the specialist gets nowadays. 2004 M. Moffett et al. World Hist. Archit. xi. 303/1 The Renaissance architect, in Alberti's mind, was to be a universalist. 6. A person who regards humanity as a whole, rather than as divided by nation, race, etc.; a person advocating loyalty to and concern for all others without regard to national allegiances. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > doctrines or theories > advocate of universalist1850 mutualist1892 pluralist1916 possibilist1925 1850 R. Knox Races of Men 18 Carry him [sc. the Caledonian] to Canada; he is still the same... I beseech you, you great essayists, Utopians, universalists, and shrewd fatalist statesmen, to explain the facts if you can. 1925 Economica No. 13. 99 The equality defended by universalists is not an absolute but a proportionate equality. 1944 A. Brecht in Regionalism & World Organization 11 The universalists want a world-wide organization..and the ideological unionists advocate a confederation of democracies or a league of the United Nations. 1952 V. Gollancz My Dear Timothy xii. 110 A universalist is a person for whom nations don't exist, only persons. 2006 Observer 9 Apr. i. 11/2 Universalists argue that certain rights and protections—freedom of speech, democracy, the rule of law—are common or, at least, should be available to all people. 7. A person who regards something objectively and not from one particular point of view. ΚΠ 1892 E. C. Stedman Nat. Poetry iv. 142 The best critic, then, is the universalist, who sees the excellence of either phase of expression according as it is natural to one's race and period. 2005 R. Nola & G. Irzik Philos., Sci., Educ. & Culture xiii. 428 Universalists believe that what makes such claims to knowledge true are the features or aspects of reality, not interests, gender, race, ethnic background or the like. B. adj. 1. Christian Church. Also with capital initial. Of or relating to the doctrine of universal salvation; designating a church or sect that holds this belief. Cf. sense A. 1, universalism n. 1, universalistic adj. 1. Now chiefly historical.Universalist belief was particularly strong in the United States, the first universalist churches being established there in the late 18th cent. In 1866 the denomination Universalist General Convention was adopted, changed to the Universalist Church of America in 1942. In 1961, the Universalist Church merged with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association, which defines itself as ‘non-creedal’ or post-Christian, often drawing on elements from other faiths. In this last designation the original sense of universalist is weakened or perhaps lost, merging into sense B. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [adjective] > universalism universalistic1689 universaliana1791 universalist1794 1794 H. Wansey Jrnl. 22 June in Jrnl. Excursion to U.S. (1796) 212 Dr. P. has..since preached a series of discourses at Philadelphia, on the Evidences of Christianity, to very full congregations; and a Sermon on the opening of the Universalist Church, at which almost every Member of Congress attended. 1796 N. Strong Doctr. Eternal Misery i. 45 Doctor Chauncey, a Universalist writer, takes almost the whole of his scripture proof from the writings of Paul. 1819 Universalist Mag. 21 Aug. 32/3 Pastor of the First Independent Church of Christ, called Universalist, in Philadelphia. 1859 S. A. Allibone Crit. Dict. Eng. Lit. I. 109 Ballon, Rev. Hosea,..a prominent Universalist minister. 1925 Amer. Mercury Feb. 188/1 Five hundred members of the State W.C.T.U. jammed into the basement of the First Universalist Church for the afternoon session. 1960 C. E. Olmstead Hist. Relig. in U.S. xiii. 265 The Unitarian and Universalist movements which blossomed in the declining years of the eighteenth century found man to be a noble work of God rather than a morally depraved being who could do no good thing without divine election. 2001 U.S. News & World Rep. Spec. Coll. Ed.: Myst. of Faith 53/1 Origen suggested..that in hell, even the worst of sinners could be rehabilitated and ultimately find their way to paradise. But his ‘universalist’ view was rejected by church leaders at the Council of Constantinople in 543. 2. Extending or applying to the whole of something, esp. humankind. Cf. universalistic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > relating to or affecting the whole of something totalc1386 universal1435 universalist1877 1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. iii. 89 The universalist [Du. universalistisch] monotheism of the Gospel, which has entirely broken down the bounds of nationality. 1938 P. Grainger Let. 24 Aug. in All-round Man (1994) 153 The giving of ‘Grainger Concerts’..in the programs of which will be reflected the universalist taste (interest in the music of all times and places) of the composers of our era. 1987 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 48 165 He still aspires to a universalist system of social metaphysics, or metalinguistics, designed rather to answer old questions than to pose new ones. 2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 July 14 The best approach to mobilizing the forgotten majority lies in universalist, transracial issues that should have substantial appeal to the Democratic base. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1615
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