burn-comb. form

Stress is often attracted to this combining form.

Etymology: < burn v.¹

The verb or verb-stem in compounds, forming nouns or adjectives.

1. With verb + object.

burn-grain n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnɡreɪn/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌɡreɪn/

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > injurious to plants > injurious to particular plants

burn-grain1605

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 332 Turning our seed-Wheat-kernel To burne-graine Thistle.

† burn-cow n. Obsolete transl. Greek βούπρηστις (an insect, also a herb, injurious to cattle), cf. burst-cow n., buprestis n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > unidentified or unspecified plant

oxbane1585

Samnitis1590

rot-grass1631

burn-cow1658

fish-poison1802

sheep-rot1808

vomit-grass1808

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined by feeding or parasitism > parasite(s) > harmful to cows

buprestisa1398

long leg1585

felter1607

burn-cow1658

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1000 The Latines retain the Greek name of Buprestis..But I..do adventure to call it by a new name in English, Burncow, or Burstcow.

1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) ii Also a sort of herb which kills cattle; the burncow.

burn-grange n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnɡreɪn(d)ʒ/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌɡreɪndʒ/

Scottish English

/ˈbʌrnɡren(d)ʒ/

Scottish one who sets fire to barns.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > going or setting on fire > setting on fire or alight > incendiarism > an incendiary

make-fire1560

burn-grange1568

firer1576

incendiary1606

cendiary1624

conflagrator1641

fire-raiser1678

firesetter1831

arsonist1848

arsonite1859

petroleuse1871

petroleur1875

petrolist1890

torch1938

1568 (a1500) Colkelbie Sow i. 91 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 285 Ane ypocreit in haly kirk, A burn grenge in the dirk.

burn-the-wind n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnðəwɪnd/

U.S.

/ˈbərnðəˌwɪnd/

(also burnewin) a Scottish designation for a blacksmith.

ΚΠ

1786 R. Burns Poems 25 Then Burnewin comes on like Death.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 57 Thou hast had a quarrel with some Edinburgh Burn-the-wind.

3. With the verb used, general attributive = burning n.

† burn-coal n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]

coal1253

sea-coal1253

pit-coal1483

cannel1541

earth coala1552

horse coal1552

Newcastle coal1552

stone-coal1585

cannel coal1587

parrot1594

burn-coal1597

lithanthrax1612

stony coal1617

Welsh coala1618

land-coala1661

foot coal1665

peacock coal1686

rough coal1686

white coal1686

heathen-coalc1697

coal-stone1708

round1708

stone-coal1708

bench-coal1712

slipper coal1712

black coal1713

culm1742

rock coal1750

board coal1761

Bovey coal1761

house coal1784

mineral coal1785

splint1789

splint coal1789

jet coal1794

anthracite1797

wood-coal1799

blind-coal1802

black diamond1803

silk-coal1803

glance-coal1805

lignite1808

Welsh stone-coal1808

soft1811

spout coals1821

spouter1821

Wallsend1821

brown coal1833

paper coal1833

steam-coal1850

peat-coal1851

cherry-coal1853

household1854

sinter coal1854

oil coal1856

raker1857

Kilkenny coal1861

Pottery coal1867

silkstone1867

block coal1871

admiralty1877

rattlejack1877

bunker1883

fusain1883

smitham1883

bunker coal1885

triping1886

trolley coal1890

kibble1891

sea-borne1892

jet1893

steam1897

sack coal1898

Welsh1898

navigation coal1900

Coalite1906

clarain1919

durain1919

vitrain1919

single1921

kolm1930

hards1956

1597 Sc. Acts, Jas. VI §253 (title) Great burne Coale, suld not be transported furth of this realm.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 152 Burne coalis.

burn-mark n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnmɑːk/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌmɑrk/

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > [noun] > a brand

stigmec1475

fire marka1525

brand1552

burn1563

firebrand1570

flesh-brand1646

brand-mark1656

stigmatism1664

burn-mark1675

fleur-de-lis1790

1675 C. Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 202 I'll make a Burn-mark with a T.

† burn-wood n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > wood as fuel > [noun]

woodc888

trouse978

stickc1175

spray1297

spraya1300

firewood1377

lopc1420

billet1465

buchette1507

bag-wood1525

bavin1573

brushment1591

brushwood1616

burning-wood1642

firebote1661

chump1680

lop-wood1693

brush1699

burn-wood1701

lightwood1705

shravel1732

billet-wood1759

hedge-wood1785

pine knot1791

1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 93 The Inhabitants make use of the Wrack [of ships] for Burn-wood.

burn-fire n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnˌfʌɪə/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌfaɪ(ə)r/

dialect perversion of bonfire n.

ΚΠ

1712 W. King Let. in Art of Cookery (ed. 2) 20 Not to make his Burnfire at the upper end of Ludgate street.

c1750 J. Nelson Jrnl. (1836) 96 Monday being a rejoicing day, they had burn-fires in the market place.

burn-iron n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnˌʌɪən/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌaɪ(ə)rn/

(also Scottishburn-airn) a branding-iron.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > marking tools > [noun] > branding-iron

marking instrumenta1398

marking irona1400

iron?c1425

branding-ironc1440

burning-iron1483

burn-ironc1485

searing-iron1541

brand1860

c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 373 Ij birne iron et j markyng iron, iiijd.

burn-stick n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnstɪk/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌstɪk/

(see quot. 1847-78).

ΚΠ

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Burn-stick, a crooked stick, on which a large piece of coal is daily carried from the pit by each working collier over his shoulder for his own private use.

burn-weed n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnwiːd/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌwid/

= thorn-apple n., Datura stramonium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Solanaceae (nightshade and allies) > [noun] > thorn-apple or brugmansia

thorn-apple1578

thorny apple1578

floripondio1604

stramonium1682

burn-weed1756

devil's apple1759

stinkweed1804

jimsonweed1812

Brugmansia1822

stramony1842

angel's trumpet1866

metel1887

mad-apple1892

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 167 The Thorn-apple or Burn-weed... All the parts of this plant are remarkably narcotic.

5. With the verb + adv.

burn-off n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnɒf/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌɔf/

/ˈbərnˌɑf/

(cf.burn v.¹ 13f).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun] > clearing land > burning off refuse

burrow1602

denshiring1607

burning1669

burn-baking1769

burn1792

burning off1800

burnbeating1808

stifle-burning1844

burn-off1861

bush burn1861

bush-burning1898

slash-burning1919

1861 W. Morgan Jrnl. 27 Feb. (1963) iii. 28 Not an over excellent burn off—there having been of late a good deal of wet.

1869 J. May Guide to Farming in N.Z. 18 In due time we fired it [the bush], and had the satisfaction of having a clean burn-off.

1933 Bulletin (Sydney) 6 Dec. 28/2 A good burn-off gets rid of a lot of rubbish in the form of insects and other pests, but it also destroys the organic matter (i.e., humus) without which no soil can be cropped successfully.

burn-out n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnaʊt/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌaʊt/

(a) a complete destruction by fire; also = burn n.³ 1c; (b) the fusing of a wire or other electric conductor by excess of electric current; also attributive, as burn-out fuse, burn-out alloy, one that melts at a comparatively low temperature and serves as a safeguard against damage by excess of current; (c) (the moment of) final consumption of fuel by a space rocket, etc.; also attributive; (d) originally U.S. physical or emotional exhaustion, esp. caused by stress at work; depression, disillusionment; cf. to burn oneself out at burn v.¹ 2c(b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]

unlustOE

sorrowfulnessa1250

heavinessc1275

elengenessec1320

dullnessc1369

tristourc1380

murknessc1390

tristesse1390

faintness1398

ungladnessa1400

droopingc1400

heavity14..

dejectionc1450

terne?a1513

disconsolation1515

descence1526

marea1529

sadness?1537

dumpishness1548

unblessedness1549

dolorousness1553

ruefulness?1574

dolefulness1586

heartlessness1591

languishment1591

mopishness1598

soul-sickness1603

contristation1605

damp1606

gloominess1607

sableness1607

uncheerfulnessa1617

disconsolateness1624

cheerlessnessa1631

dejectedness1633

droopingness1635

disanimation1637

lowness1639

desponsion1641

disconsolacy1646

despondency1653

dispiritedness1654

chagrin1656

demission1656

jawfall1660

weightedness1660

depression1665

disconsolancy1665

grumness1675

despondence1676

despond1678

disheartenednessa1680

glumness1727

low1727

gloom1744

low-spiritedness1754

blue devils1756

black dog1776

humdudgeon1785

blue devilism1787

dispiritude1797

wishtnessc1800

downheartedness1801

blue-devilage1816

dispiritment1827

downcastness1827

depressiveness1832

dolorosity1835

lugubriosity1840

disconsolance1847

down1856

heavy-heartedness1860

lugubriousness1879

sullenness1885

low key1886

melancholia1896

burn-out1903

mokus1924

downness1927

mopiness1927

deflation1933

wallow1934

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun] > specific

breathlessness1612

overfatigue1727

standstill1788

footsoreness1849

heat exhaustion1861

staleness1868

burn-out1903

chronic fatigue1908

driver fatigue1922

bonk1952

the wall1974

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > by fire, etc.

auto-da-fé1790

burn-out1903

society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [noun] > specific firing of rockets > (moment of) final fuel consumption

burn-out1903

1903 Daily Chron. 29 June 7/5 It has been a burn-out of three floors and roof destroyed.

1907 Installation News Mar. 4/1 Incipient fires and burnouts, due to the earthing of high voltage systems on building fronts, etc.

1940 W. Stegner in Atlantic Monthly June 774/1 Even without shoes he would have run across burnouts, over stretches so undermined with gopher holes that sometimes he broke through to the ankle.

1941 W. Stegner in Harper's Mag. Jan. 160/1 The topless Ford lurched, one wheel at a time, through the deep burnout.

1952 Jrnl. Brit. Interplan. Soc. 11 10 Ideal performance of multi-stage vehicles is secured if..the burnout weights of each stage form a geometric progression.

1953 Time 14 Sept. 89/2 The three tons of fuel lasted less than three minutes. At ‘burnout’, Carl was at 75,000 ft.

1957 Spaceflight 1 64/2 Four wings provide the lift necessary for controlled flight and four small fins at the rear are used for steering after burn-out.

1975 H. J. Freudenberger in Psychotherapy XII. 73/1 Some years ago, a few of us who had been working intensively in the free clinic movement began to talk of a concept which we referred to as ‘burn-out’.

1978 Hospital & Community Psychiatry XXIX. 233 (heading) Characteristics of staff burnout in mental health settings.

1986 Sun 3 Nov. 19/4 It has happened so often, it is now known in medical circles as ‘AIDS burnout’.

burn-up n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːnʌp/

U.S.

/ˈbərnˌəp/

(a) the consumption of fuel in a nuclear reactor; (b) slang a ride on a motorcycle, etc., at an extremely high speed (cf. scorch v.¹ 3).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > motorcycling > [noun] > fast ride

burn-up1954

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > chemical fuel > [noun] > nuclear > consumption of

burn-up1954

1954 R. Stephenson Introd. Nucl. Engin. vii. 276 As a reactor continues to operate, the fissionable material is gradually used up and the reactivity may decrease accordingly. This is known as fuel depletion, or burnup.

1959 New Scientist 29 Jan. 239/1 A major aim is to obtain a large ‘burn up’—in other words to use up as large a proportion of the fuel as possible between refuelling operations.

1961 Guardian 18 Mar. 2/3 If I was going for a real burn-up, you wouldn't have caught me.

1963 A. Prior Z Cars Again iii. 26 Ton-up boys were doing early morning burn-ups at the Turntable Roundabout.

Draft additions June 2004

burn rate n.

Brit.

/ˈbəːn reɪt/

U.S.

/ˈbərn ˌreɪt/

(a) the rate at which a combustible material burns; (b) Business colloquial the rate at which a company spends capital, esp. when regarded as out of proportion to its earnings or income (cf. burn v.¹ 8d).

ΚΠ

1963 Jrnl. Soc. Industr. & Appl. Math. 11 412 Depending on the burn rate, and when the burning is restarted, this second wave may or may not reach the steady state represented by C in Fig. 1.

1984 Business Week (Nexis) 10 Sept. 78 Rumors began to fly around..about ‘the very high burn rate in cash consumption’.

1998 Wired June 118/2 Your burn rate is running at—what? I would figure near a million a month.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	burn-
释义	burn-comb. form Stress is often attracted to this combining form. Etymology: < burn v.¹ The verb or verb-stem in compounds, forming nouns or adjectives. 1. With verb + object. burn-grain n. Brit. /ˈbəːnɡreɪn/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌɡreɪn/ ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > injurious to plants > injurious to particular plants burn-grain1605 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 332 Turning our seed-Wheat-kernel To burne-graine Thistle. 2. † burn-cow n. Obsolete transl. Greek βούπρηστις (an insect, also a herb, injurious to cattle), cf. burst-cow n., buprestis n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > unidentified or unspecified plant oxbane1585 Samnitis1590 rot-grass1631 burn-cow1658 fish-poison1802 sheep-rot1808 vomit-grass1808 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined by feeding or parasitism > parasite(s) > harmful to cows buprestisa1398 long leg1585 felter1607 burn-cow1658 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1000 The Latines retain the Greek name of Buprestis..But I..do adventure to call it by a new name in English, Burncow, or Burstcow. 1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) ii Also a sort of herb which kills cattle; the burncow. burn-grange n. Brit. /ˈbəːnɡreɪn(d)ʒ/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌɡreɪndʒ/ , Scottish English /ˈbʌrnɡren(d)ʒ/ Scottish one who sets fire to barns. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > going or setting on fire > setting on fire or alight > incendiarism > an incendiary make-fire1560 burn-grange1568 firer1576 incendiary1606 cendiary1624 conflagrator1641 fire-raiser1678 firesetter1831 arsonist1848 arsonite1859 petroleuse1871 petroleur1875 petrolist1890 torch1938 1568 (a1500) Colkelbie Sow i. 91 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 285 Ane ypocreit in haly kirk, A burn grenge in the dirk. burn-the-wind n. Brit. /ˈbəːnðəwɪnd/ , U.S. /ˈbərnðəˌwɪnd/ (also burnewin) a Scottish designation for a blacksmith. ΚΠ 1786 R. Burns Poems 25 Then Burnewin comes on like Death. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 57 Thou hast had a quarrel with some Edinburgh Burn-the-wind. 3. With the verb used, general attributive = burning n. † burn-coal n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] coal1253 sea-coal1253 pit-coal1483 cannel1541 earth coala1552 horse coal1552 Newcastle coal1552 stone-coal1585 cannel coal1587 parrot1594 burn-coal1597 lithanthrax1612 stony coal1617 Welsh coala1618 land-coala1661 foot coal1665 peacock coal1686 rough coal1686 white coal1686 heathen-coalc1697 coal-stone1708 round1708 stone-coal1708 bench-coal1712 slipper coal1712 black coal1713 culm1742 rock coal1750 board coal1761 Bovey coal1761 house coal1784 mineral coal1785 splint1789 splint coal1789 jet coal1794 anthracite1797 wood-coal1799 blind-coal1802 black diamond1803 silk-coal1803 glance-coal1805 lignite1808 Welsh stone-coal1808 soft1811 spout coals1821 spouter1821 Wallsend1821 brown coal1833 paper coal1833 steam-coal1850 peat-coal1851 cherry-coal1853 household1854 sinter coal1854 oil coal1856 raker1857 Kilkenny coal1861 Pottery coal1867 silkstone1867 block coal1871 admiralty1877 rattlejack1877 bunker1883 fusain1883 smitham1883 bunker coal1885 triping1886 trolley coal1890 kibble1891 sea-borne1892 jet1893 steam1897 sack coal1898 Welsh1898 navigation coal1900 Coalite1906 clarain1919 durain1919 vitrain1919 single1921 kolm1930 hards1956 1597 Sc. Acts, Jas. VI §253 (title) Great burne Coale, suld not be transported furth of this realm. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 152 Burne coalis. burn-mark n. Brit. /ˈbəːnmɑːk/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌmɑrk/ ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > [noun] > a brand stigmec1475 fire marka1525 brand1552 burn1563 firebrand1570 flesh-brand1646 brand-mark1656 stigmatism1664 burn-mark1675 fleur-de-lis1790 1675 C. Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 202 I'll make a Burn-mark with a T. † burn-wood n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > wood as fuel > [noun] woodc888 trouse978 stickc1175 spray1297 spraya1300 firewood1377 lopc1420 billet1465 buchette1507 bag-wood1525 bavin1573 brushment1591 brushwood1616 burning-wood1642 firebote1661 chump1680 lop-wood1693 brush1699 burn-wood1701 lightwood1705 shravel1732 billet-wood1759 hedge-wood1785 pine knot1791 1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 93 The Inhabitants make use of the Wrack [of ships] for Burn-wood. 4. burn-fire n. Brit. /ˈbəːnˌfʌɪə/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌfaɪ(ə)r/ dialect perversion of bonfire n. ΚΠ 1712 W. King Let. in Art of Cookery (ed. 2) 20 Not to make his Burnfire at the upper end of Ludgate street. c1750 J. Nelson Jrnl. (1836) 96 Monday being a rejoicing day, they had burn-fires in the market place. burn-iron n. Brit. /ˈbəːnˌʌɪən/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌaɪ(ə)rn/ (also Scottishburn-airn) a branding-iron. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > marking tools > [noun] > branding-iron marking instrumenta1398 marking irona1400 iron?c1425 branding-ironc1440 burning-iron1483 burn-ironc1485 searing-iron1541 brand1860 c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 373 Ij birne iron et j markyng iron, iiijd. burn-stick n. Brit. /ˈbəːnstɪk/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌstɪk/ (see quot. 1847-78). ΚΠ 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Burn-stick, a crooked stick, on which a large piece of coal is daily carried from the pit by each working collier over his shoulder for his own private use. burn-weed n. Brit. /ˈbəːnwiːd/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌwid/ = thorn-apple n., Datura stramonium. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Solanaceae (nightshade and allies) > [noun] > thorn-apple or brugmansia thorn-apple1578 thorny apple1578 floripondio1604 stramonium1682 burn-weed1756 devil's apple1759 stinkweed1804 jimsonweed1812 Brugmansia1822 stramony1842 angel's trumpet1866 metel1887 mad-apple1892 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 167 The Thorn-apple or Burn-weed... All the parts of this plant are remarkably narcotic. 5. With the verb + adv. burn-off n. Brit. /ˈbəːnɒf/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌɔf/ , /ˈbərnˌɑf/ (cf.burn v.¹ 13f). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun] > clearing land > burning off refuse burrow1602 denshiring1607 burning1669 burn-baking1769 burn1792 burning off1800 burnbeating1808 stifle-burning1844 burn-off1861 bush burn1861 bush-burning1898 slash-burning1919 1861 W. Morgan Jrnl. 27 Feb. (1963) iii. 28 Not an over excellent burn off—there having been of late a good deal of wet. 1869 J. May Guide to Farming in N.Z. 18 In due time we fired it [the bush], and had the satisfaction of having a clean burn-off. 1933 Bulletin (Sydney) 6 Dec. 28/2 A good burn-off gets rid of a lot of rubbish in the form of insects and other pests, but it also destroys the organic matter (i.e., humus) without which no soil can be cropped successfully. burn-out n. Brit. /ˈbəːnaʊt/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌaʊt/ (a) a complete destruction by fire; also = burn n.³ 1c; (b) the fusing of a wire or other electric conductor by excess of electric current; also attributive, as burn-out fuse, burn-out alloy, one that melts at a comparatively low temperature and serves as a safeguard against damage by excess of current; (c) (the moment of) final consumption of fuel by a space rocket, etc.; also attributive; (d) originally U.S. physical or emotional exhaustion, esp. caused by stress at work; depression, disillusionment; cf. to burn oneself out at burn v.¹ 2c(b). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] unlustOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 elengenessec1320 dullnessc1369 tristourc1380 murknessc1390 tristesse1390 faintness1398 ungladnessa1400 droopingc1400 heavity14.. dejectionc1450 terne?a1513 disconsolation1515 descence1526 marea1529 sadness?1537 dumpishness1548 unblessedness1549 dolorousness1553 ruefulness?1574 dolefulness1586 heartlessness1591 languishment1591 mopishness1598 soul-sickness1603 contristation1605 damp1606 gloominess1607 sableness1607 uncheerfulnessa1617 disconsolateness1624 cheerlessnessa1631 dejectedness1633 droopingness1635 disanimation1637 lowness1639 desponsion1641 disconsolacy1646 despondency1653 dispiritedness1654 chagrin1656 demission1656 jawfall1660 weightedness1660 depression1665 disconsolancy1665 grumness1675 despondence1676 despond1678 disheartenednessa1680 glumness1727 low1727 gloom1744 low-spiritedness1754 blue devils1756 black dog1776 humdudgeon1785 blue devilism1787 dispiritude1797 wishtnessc1800 downheartedness1801 blue-devilage1816 dispiritment1827 downcastness1827 depressiveness1832 dolorosity1835 lugubriosity1840 disconsolance1847 down1856 heavy-heartedness1860 lugubriousness1879 sullenness1885 low key1886 melancholia1896 burn-out1903 mokus1924 downness1927 mopiness1927 deflation1933 wallow1934 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun] > specific breathlessness1612 overfatigue1727 standstill1788 footsoreness1849 heat exhaustion1861 staleness1868 burn-out1903 chronic fatigue1908 driver fatigue1922 bonk1952 the wall1974 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > by fire, etc. auto-da-fé1790 burn-out1903 society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [noun] > specific firing of rockets > (moment of) final fuel consumption burn-out1903 1903 Daily Chron. 29 June 7/5 It has been a burn-out of three floors and roof destroyed. 1907 Installation News Mar. 4/1 Incipient fires and burnouts, due to the earthing of high voltage systems on building fronts, etc. 1940 W. Stegner in Atlantic Monthly June 774/1 Even without shoes he would have run across burnouts, over stretches so undermined with gopher holes that sometimes he broke through to the ankle. 1941 W. Stegner in Harper's Mag. Jan. 160/1 The topless Ford lurched, one wheel at a time, through the deep burnout. 1952 Jrnl. Brit. Interplan. Soc. 11 10 Ideal performance of multi-stage vehicles is secured if..the burnout weights of each stage form a geometric progression. 1953 Time 14 Sept. 89/2 The three tons of fuel lasted less than three minutes. At ‘burnout’, Carl was at 75,000 ft. 1957 Spaceflight 1 64/2 Four wings provide the lift necessary for controlled flight and four small fins at the rear are used for steering after burn-out. 1975 H. J. Freudenberger in Psychotherapy XII. 73/1 Some years ago, a few of us who had been working intensively in the free clinic movement began to talk of a concept which we referred to as ‘burn-out’. 1978 Hospital & Community Psychiatry XXIX. 233 (heading) Characteristics of staff burnout in mental health settings. 1986 Sun 3 Nov. 19/4 It has happened so often, it is now known in medical circles as ‘AIDS burnout’. burn-up n. Brit. /ˈbəːnʌp/ , U.S. /ˈbərnˌəp/ (a) the consumption of fuel in a nuclear reactor; (b) slang a ride on a motorcycle, etc., at an extremely high speed (cf. scorch v.¹ 3). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > motorcycling > [noun] > fast ride burn-up1954 society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > chemical fuel > [noun] > nuclear > consumption of burn-up1954 1954 R. Stephenson Introd. Nucl. Engin. vii. 276 As a reactor continues to operate, the fissionable material is gradually used up and the reactivity may decrease accordingly. This is known as fuel depletion, or burnup. 1959 New Scientist 29 Jan. 239/1 A major aim is to obtain a large ‘burn up’—in other words to use up as large a proportion of the fuel as possible between refuelling operations. 1961 Guardian 18 Mar. 2/3 If I was going for a real burn-up, you wouldn't have caught me. 1963 A. Prior Z Cars Again iii. 26 Ton-up boys were doing early morning burn-ups at the Turntable Roundabout. Draft additions June 2004 burn rate n. Brit. /ˈbəːn reɪt/ , U.S. /ˈbərn ˌreɪt/ (a) the rate at which a combustible material burns; (b) Business colloquial the rate at which a company spends capital, esp. when regarded as out of proportion to its earnings or income (cf. burn v.¹ 8d). ΚΠ 1963 Jrnl. Soc. Industr. & Appl. Math. 11 412 Depending on the burn rate, and when the burning is restarted, this second wave may or may not reach the steady state represented by C in Fig. 1. 1984 Business Week (Nexis) 10 Sept. 78 Rumors began to fly around..about ‘the very high burn rate in cash consumption’. 1998 Wired June 118/2 Your burn rate is running at—what? I would figure near a million a month. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < comb. formc1485
随便看	have someone going have someone in memory have someone in mouth have someone on one's arm have someone to oneself have something have something against have something coming out of one's ears have something common have something down cold have something down to a fine art have something going have something going for one have something going with someone have something in common have something in contemplation have something in custom have something in mind have something in mouth have something in the oven have something of common have something on have something on a person have something on lock have something on the ball