单词 | unnoble |
释义 | unnobleadj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Not of noble birth or rank. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lowness of birth > [adjective] low-bornc1275 ungentlec1374 unnoblea1382 bastardly1552 baseborn1553 ingenerous1621 lowly born1623 earth-born1630 unpedigreed1787 birthless1817 unaristocratic1841 disconnected1847 pedigreeless1859 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxvi. 23 Men..broȝten out Vrie fro Egipt, and broȝten hym to king Joachym; and he smot hym with swerd, and threȝ aferr his careyne in sepulcris of the vnnoble comun [a1425 L.V. puple vnnoble; L. vulgi ignobilis]. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. x. sig. Bvii The noble men bare agarment vnlyke to them that were vnnoble. ?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors xix. sig. E6v No noble or vnnoble man, shal retayne any of the kyngs subiectys withowt lauful wagys. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xlvii. 5) He setting all the world asyde, had adopted to himself a feawe unnoble persons. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. T2v/1, at Corruption of blood If he were noble, or a gentleman before, he and his children are made vnnoble and vngentle in respect of the father. 1660 E. Waterhouse Disc. Arms & Armory 179 They must be contented to stand included under the base and unnoble state of people. 1794 Brit. Crit. Sept. 233 Villani, Mercatores, Burgenses, et Servi, were accounted unnoble and ungentle, and incapable of bearing arms. 1859 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. II. 478 Other unwedded maids In Latium be, and in Laurentine fields, Nor they unnoble in their pedigree. 1894 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 May 1/3 He has never been further in the House of Commons than the Peers' Gallery, and he may be pardoned therefore for not recognizing that his un-noble colleagues are the greatest obstructionists that sit there. 1963 Economist 17 Aug. 567/3 Mr Wedgwood Benn was born unnoble..and became noble..on his father's death, when he was automatically ennobled. 1987 Afr. Arts 20 15 An un-noble blacksmith. 2006 Derby Evening Tel. (Nexis) 28 Oct. 24 It's obviously a role Keith is relishing, and he says he based the decidedly unnoble nobleman on a very modern politician - the Chancellor of the Exchequer. b. Of or relating to a person who is not of noble birth or rank. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lowness of birth > [adjective] > relating to one who is unnoble?1520 ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth xliii. f. 60 Ye lownes and vnnoblenes of Marius encreased to him fauour specially of the commentie which were come of vnnoble blode, as he was. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Hh.ijv So glorious a soule, that deserued..renowme after death, as in lief it dwelled in an vnnoble body. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. P2v The perfections are such in the partie I loue, as the feeling of them cannot come into any vnnoble hart. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey iv. i. in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C4/2 How happy am I now; since my Sonne fell, He fell not, by a base unnoble hand? 1963 G. Dietze In Def. Property iii. 75 The nobleman may possess not only noble, but also un-noble, bourgeois and peasants' property. 2. a. Of a person (also occasionally of an animal): not noble in disposition; ignoble, base. Also in early use: †considered unworthy of honour or respect; despised, dishonoured (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [adjective] > specifically of persons unnoblea1382 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > base person > [adjective] vilea1300 unnoblea1382 noughty1443 villain1509 vild1567 scalded1568 brokerly1592 broking1592 poor-spirited1611 scald1742 basilar1884 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings ii. 30 Who so euere honoureþ me I schal glorifyen hym, who forsoþe dispisyn me: shuln ben vnnoble [L. ignobiles]. c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 185 (MED) A spectacle we ben mad to þis world, to angelis and men: We, folis for Crist; ȝe, sliȝe in Crist. We, sike; ȝe, stronge. ȝe, noble; we, unnoble. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. 1 Cor. iv. 10 We seek, bot ye stark; ye nobile, bot we vnnobile [v.r. vnnoble]. 1573 G. Gascoigne & F. Kinwelmersh Iocasta 2nd Chorus in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres sig. Niv So, woulde the Gods, that in this noble realme Shoulde neuer long vnnoble tyrant reigne. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 321 Neither is there any Horsse, swift, or slow, noble, or vnnoble, that can be guided without these [reins]. 1616 N. Breton Good & Badde in Wks. (1879) II. 6/2 An vnnoble man is the griefe of Reason, when the title of honour is put vpon the subiect of disgrace. 1641 R. Boyle Diary in Lismore Papers (1886) 1st Ser. V. 195 Papers concerning the vnnoble Earle of Middlesex. 1941 P. Grainger Let. 27 Sept. in All-round Man (1994) 180 So, too, it was hope-raising & pride-raising when you 3 great English tonewrights turned up & utterly dwarfed the un-noble groping tone-thralls that filled our classes with dullness. 1994 Times 10 Dec. 1/2 I came by some of the names through my work for the British intelligence. I don't want to betray that trust... I do not want to be unnoble with the British Government. 2002 Threepenny Rev. 90 30/2 The man remains unglamorous, un-noble, ordinary. b. Of, relating to, or characteristic of such a person or his or her behaviour. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [adjective] theowlikec1175 low?c1225 undignec1315 unfreec1330 base?1518 roynish1570 baseborn1573 base-minded1573 haskardly1576 ignoble1592 unnoble1593 slavish1597 disnoble1609 infimous1613 unhandsome1645 unheroical1656 mean1665 unworthy1694 unheroic1732 raff1761 undignified1782 raffish1795 truculent1825 unpromotable1836 menial1837 low-flung1841 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > [adjective] theowlikec1175 wickc1175 wretcha1200 lechera1300 vilea1300 feeblea1325 brothely1330 caitiffa1400 roinousa1425 basec1450 harlotry1486 filthy1533 brockish1546 vild1568 tinkerly?1576 scabbed?1577 miscreant1593 unnoble1593 slavish1597 rascally1600 roguish1601 sordidous1602 facinoriousa1616 scullion1658 dirty1670 shabbed1674 shabby1679 scoundrel1681 scabby1712 verminating1720 small1824 low-down1865 verminiferous1895 ragtime1917 ribby1936 raunchy1937 scungy1966 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 50 Pyrrhus..in a most-noble resolution contemned the Vanities of vnnoble Pastimes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xi. 50 I haue offended Reputation, A most vnnoble sweruing. View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy ii. 35 My affections..are pure, Without all mixture of vn noble thoughts. a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 29 If Lancaster had been of so unnoble a Disposition. 1704 T. D'Urfey Female Revenge in Tales Tragical & Comical 125 After much unnoble Arrogance, Which nothing but rank Madness can defend. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 152 Him likewise, when or by disease oppressed, Or now, too languid from his years, he fails, Conceal at home; nor his unnoble eld Forgive. 1875 Blackburn Standard 18 Sept. 7/2 He did not hold that it was unreasonable, as some of our modern scientific philosophers told us, one saying that it was unnoble and another that it was unthinkable. 1915 Times 26 Oct. 10/3 The motive of those convicted was not unnoble. 1995 J. T. Kirby Poquosin ii. 61 Ruffin's image was striking, to be sure, but determinedly unnoble and unbeautiful. 2012 Tampa Bay (Florida) Times (Nexis) 26 Aug. 1 Yes, Medi-scare, Social Security scaring, there's a noble tradition, or unnoble tradition, of that in Florida. 3. Of a thing: undistinguished, unremarkable, common, mean. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > mediocrity > [adjective] feeblec1275 demeanc1380 unnoblec1384 coarse1424 colourlessc1425 passable1489 meana1500 indifferent1532 plain1539 so-so1542 mediocre1586 ordinary1590 fameless1611 middling1652 middle-rate1658 ornery1692 so-soish1819 nohow1828 betwixt and between1832 indifferential1836 null1847 undazzling1855 deviceless1884 uncompetitive1885 tug1890 run of the mill1919 serviceable1920 dim1958 spammy1959 comme ci, comme ça1968 vanilla1972 meh2007 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. i. 28 God chees the vnnoble thingis [L. ignobilia] and dispisable thingis of the world. c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: 1 Cor. (Selwyn) (1904) xii. 23 (MED) Bote þilke membres of þe body þat semeþ most febel, þei beþ most nedful; & þilke membres þat semeþ us most vnnobel of þe body, aboute hem we doþ most worschupe. a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 11 (MED) Of Vnnoble [L. Ignobili] Cuntre..I whas born in a cuntre of litil reputacion. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. lxvi. 165 The bloud being driuen backe from the vnnoble members, it rusheth vp to the principall members. 1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 199 The..unnoble thinges of the worlde..God hath chosen. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. 82 Since, holy Dauids seat; which of especiall grace Doth lend that nobler name, to this vnnobler place. 1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 51 The more un-noble senses are Tasting, and Smelling. 1967 K. G. Chapman tr. T. Thordarson In Search of my Beloved 48 You are nearer to God when you imagine that everything is God than when you believe that God is in everything and that between you and Him stands some unnoble and impenetrable wall. B. n. Chiefly with the. A person who is not of noble birth or rank. Chiefly in singular with plural agreement: such people as a class. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lowness of birth > [noun] > person > collectively unnoblea1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. iii. 5 Ther shal striue the child aȝen the old man, and the vnnoble [L. ignobilis] aȝen the noble. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 43 Noiþer..of pore to be ma[a]d riche, ne gloriouse of þe vnnoble. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xxxix. f. xiiiiv Artogayle..Imagyned causes agayne his nobles to put theym frome theyr goodes & dignyties, And in theyr places to sette and ordayne vnnoble. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments f. 70v/1 He had followers of his doltish religion, both of the nobles, and vnnobles of Rome. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 92 Hee which despiseth the vnnoble, despiseth his first Fathers. 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. Introd. 3 The noble and vn-noble were put to death. 1623 S. George Inglish Disputing sig. A2v Whither the same be nobles, or vnnobles, wamanlies or Womanlies, Worldlies or churchlies. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 69/1 It is the Duty of the unnoble to Honor and Salute a Gentleman. 1798 Sel. from Most Celebrated Foreign Literary Jrnls. 2 167 The noble were no longer, as formerly, to be distinguished from the unnoble by greater beauty, strength and magnitude of body. 1832 S. Austin tr. H. L. H. von Pückler-Muskau Tour German Prince III. iv. 80 It is an almost universal weakness of the unnoble in England to parade an acquaintance with the noble. 1903 Dubuque (Iowa) Tel.-Herald 29 Mar. 10/3 He has taught that the unnoble are not field beasts, that they are men. Derivatives unˈnobleness n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [noun] villainyc1386 simplessea1393 littlenessa1400 unnoblenessc1400 unnobilitya1425 unnobletya1425 ignoblenessc1450 ignobility?a1475 vileness1549 vilityc1550 haskardy?1578 dunghillry1581 indignity1589 beggarya1616 ignoblesse?1616 poorness1625 lowness1652 meanness1660 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > [noun] shendfulness?c1225 vilety?c1225 vilehead1340 wretchedness1389 caitifness1393 caitifhedea1400 caitiftya1400 unnoblenessc1400 unnobilitya1425 unnobletya1425 vilitya1425 vileness1526 lousiness1530 infamya1535 baseness1548 vildness1597 shabbiness1711 piggery1854 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lowness of birth > [noun] unnobleness?1520 ungentleness1552 ingentility1604 c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: 2 Cor. (Selwyn) (1904) vi. 8 Þoroȝ worschupe & vnnobelnesse, þoroȝ diffamynge & good loos. a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 1 Cor. xv. 43 (MED) It is sowen in vnnoblenesse, and it schal ryse in glorye. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth xliii. f. 60 Ye lownes and vnnoblenes of Marius encreased to him fauour specially of the commentie which were come of vnnoble blode, as he was. 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 127 b That they whiche had not slayne some enimie, shoulde go girte with a halter in reproche of vnnoblenes. a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ddd/2 You made this vow, and whose un-noblenesse, Indeed forgetfulnesse of good—Ar. No more. 1929 Reflex May 35/2 The uncertainty and unnobleness of it all tortured him and caused him to despair. 1999 in G. Mariscal Aztlán & Viet Nam 136 If we lose this war, it is because the other side had the cause, notwithstanding the unnobleness of the Communist crusade. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). unnoblev. transitive. To make (a person or thing) no longer noble. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] vile1297 supplanta1382 to bring lowa1387 revilea1393 gradea1400 villain1412 abject?a1439 to-gradea1440 vilifyc1450 villainy1483 disparage1496 degradea1500 deject?1521 disgraduate1528 disgress1528 regrade1534 base1538 diminute1575 lessen1579 to turn down1581 to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593 disesteem1594 degender1596 unnoble1598 disrank1599 reduce1599 couch1602 disthrone1603 displume1606 unplume1621 disnoble1622 disworth?1623 villainize1623 unglory1626 ungraduate1633 disennoble1645 vilicate1646 degraduate1649 bemean1651 deplume1651 lower1653 cheapen1654 dethrone1659 diminish1667 scoundrel1701 sink1706 demean1715 abjectate1731 unglorifya1740 unmagnify1747 undignify1768 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 dishero1838 misdemean1843 downgrade1892 demote1919 objectify1973 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Dinobilitare, to vnnoble, to part from nobilitie. 1605 T. Heywood If you know not Me F 3 b The treasons of the father being noble, Vnnobles all your children. 1656 H. Jeanes Mixture Scholasticall Divinity 119 A foul incongruity..is it for us..to unnoble, and pollute that flesh. 1769 C. Jenkinson Life Simon Lord Irnham 29 His Excellency..was obliged to humour those ignorant obstinate Nobles, and leave the disconsolate, disappointed Mr. L——l, unnobled. 1841 Standard 16 Feb. George Neville, Duke of Bedford, who was unnobled by act of parliament, being unable by reason of poverty to support the dignity of a peer. 1869 Huddersfield Chron. 22 Oct. 3/1 You need not fear that I shall forget to address you in a manner befitting your assumed rank before company, but amongst ourselves, we are unnobled. 1940 Christian Leader 24 Aug. 753/1 Ethics being forced down to the political level does not give the effect expected.., namely, that of ennobling politics but that of unnobling ethics. 2000 Church Hist. 69 743 This ‘noble virgin’..is firmly unnobled. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.a1382v.1598 |
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