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单词 bulldoze
释义

bulldozen.

Brit. /ˈbʊldəʊz/, U.S. /ˈbʊlˌdoʊz/
Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bulldoze v.
Etymology: Probably < bulldoze v., although compare bulldozer n., bulldozing n., bulldozed adj., all of which, like the present word and the corresponding verb, are first attested in the same year: the relative priority of words in this group, the relationships between them, and their ultimate etymology are all unclear.With use in sense 1 compare the following examples of bull-dose and bull's dose explained as a term for very large dose (of beating administered as punishment, or of medicine), literally ‘a dose fit for a bull’ (compare bull n.1, dose n.) or ‘a dose of the bullwhip’ (compare bullwhip n., bull-whack n.):1876 New Orleans Times 7 July 4/4 Bulldozled—That's the word which is puzzling the etymologists just now. It seems to have originated with that pleasant family of colored brethren called the ‘Union Rights Stop’, who live around Point Pleasant...The ‘Stop’ were in the habit of giving warning calls once, twice, three times, to those whom they desired and demanded should join the ‘Stop’. If on the third and last call, they did not comply with the demand and take the oath, the unfortunate negro who refused was taken to the woods and given a bull-dose of the cowhide on his naked back. A cool hundred well laid on was considered a bull's-dose for once; and the victim either listened to such potent reasoning and took the oath as a member, or fled the country. From a bull's dose soon came the verb to bull-dozle.1876 Daily Argus (Rock Island, Illinois) 20 Nov. The Republican negroes in Louisiana had a habit of whipping, with a bull's hide whip, any negro who voted or intended to vote the Democratic ticket and thus ‘intimidating’ him. In their expressive language, they gave him ‘a bull dose’.1881 Sat. Rev. 9 July 40/2 A ‘bull-dose’ means a large efficient dose of any sort of medicine or punishment. To ‘bull-dose’ a negro in the Southern States means to flog him to death, or nearly to death. Thus a California bull-doser is a pistol which carries a bullet heavy enough to destroy human life with certainty.Earlier evidence for bull-dose and bull's dose in these senses outside accounts of the etymology of bulldoze v., bulldozer n., and related words appears to be lacking, and it is possible that they reflect a later rationalization or folk etymology of those words rather than evidence for earlier use of the present word on the one hand or of its etymon on the other. For a later and apparently isolated contextual use of bull-dose with reference to flogging as a form of punishment outside the context of political intimidation in Louisiana compare quot. 1903 beside an earlier telling of the same story, which does not use bull-dose :1866 J. T. Trowbridge South xl. 292 They said I'd best not kill him [sc. a former slave accused of theft], but that he ought to be whipped. I sent to the stable for a trace, and gave him a hundred and thirty with it, hard as I could lay on.1903 J. T. Trowbridge My Own Story ix. 342 They said I'd best not kill him, but that he ought to be whipped. I sent to the stable for a trace, and gave him a bull-dose with it, hard as I could lay on. With sense 2 compare bulldoze v. 4, bulldozer n. 3a.
Originally U.S. colloquial.
1. The action of bulldoze v. 1; (also) intimidation or coercion, or an instance of this. Obsolete.
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1876 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 21 Nov. 5/6 A ‘bulldoze’ once meant the frightful and often fatal violence to which slaves who had specially offended were subjected. The word now may mean intimidation, or more and worse than intimidation.
1896 Phoenix Weekly Herald 13 Feb. It [sc. the Board of Directors] is heavy on the great crawfish act and seems to take to it naturally and keeps it up every time a bulldoze don't work.
1912 Topeka (Kansas) State Jrnl. 15 June 1/4 headline Look out for Bluff, Bulldoze and Bluster.
2. The action of clearing, levelling, or demolishing with or as with a bulldozer. Also figurative.
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1990 Los Angeles Times 19 Apr. 12 If you're talking about taking out an area of plants and it can be mitigated, the developer can go ahead with the bulldoze.
2020 M. Stanton Making Sense 29 Despite this bulldoze of living history..I am still overwhelmed by the magnetic pull of the sea.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

bulldozev.

Brit. /ˈbʊldəʊz/, U.S. /ˈbʊlˌdoʊz/
Forms:

α. 1800s bulldosel, 1800s bulldozel, 1800s bulldozele, 1800s bulldozle, 1800s– bulldoozle.

β. 1800s buldoze, 1800s bulldoose, 1800s bulldooze, 1800s bulldose, 1800s– bulldoze.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps ultimately < bull n.1 + dose n., although the semantic motivation and proximate etymology are both uncertain and disputed. Compare bulldozer n., bulldoze n., bulldozing n., bulldozing adj., bulldozed adj.Historical context and related words. This verb and the related formations bulldozer n., bulldozing n., bulldozing adj., bulldozed adj. are all first attested within a few months of one another in corresponding senses and contexts. The word for which earliest evidence has been found is bulldozer n., although the relative priority of words in this group and the relationships between them are uncertain. Proximate etymology and semantic motivation. It has been suggested since 1876 that the verb is ultimately a compound of bull n.1 and dose n., a ‘bull (or bull's) dose’ being explained as a flogging fit for a bull; a variation on this theory identifies the first element with bullwhip n. or bull-whack n., and explains a ‘dose of (the) bull’ as a flogging with a whip of this kind. These suggestions are based on the premise that the original sense of the verb must have been ‘to flog (severely)’; compare e.g. the following:1881 Sat. Rev. 9 July 40/2 A ‘bull-dose’ means a large efficient dose of any sort of medicine or punishment. To ‘bull-dose’ a negro in the Southern States means to flog him to death, or nearly to death.However, early unambiguous contextual examples of the verb with specific allusion to flogging appear to be lacking, and although quot. 18762 at sense 1a has been interpreted as showing this sense, this is not the only possibility—other examples from the same year indicate that the verb bulldoze was used to cover various kinds of racially and politically motivated violence and humiliation used against African Americans, including shooting, stripping, kidnapping, and hanging (compare e.g. quot. 18761 at sense 1a). The suggested etymology from bull n.1 and dose n. also appears to imply transmission via an intermediate noun, although evidence for the independent existence of such a noun form in the required sense is not frequent or straightforward (for full discussion compare bulldoze n. and see etymological note at that entry). An etymology from dose n. is also difficult to reconcile with the α. forms and with β. forms in -dooze , -doose , both of which are attested early (see further note on forms below). Note on forms. With the α. forms perhaps compare U.S. regional bedoozle to confuse, perplex, bewilder (attested from the mid 19th cent. or earlier), and possibly also frequentative verbs in -le suffix. With the β. forms perhaps compare the variant doze at dose n. Forms.
Originally U.S. colloquial.
1.
a. transitive. To frighten (a person, group, etc.) into submission, esp. for political ends; to coerce or restrain (someone) by threat or violence; to terrorize. Now usually: to intimidate, bully, or browbeat.Originally used in the months before the U.S. Presidential election of 1876 with allusion to the use of violence and intimidation against African-American voters in Louisiana aimed at preventing them from voting Republican.In later use often interpreted as a figurative use of sense 4a.
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1876 New Orleans Republican 20 June A colored man..was taken from his home and..hung to a tree... He had committed no offense; all had been quiet, but he was the secretary of the Third Ward Republicans Club of that parish. He was therefore ‘bulldozled’, which is of late the local name of the actions of the ‘Regulators’.
1876 New Orleans Republican 24 June 1/4 Lorenzo Jackson, of J. A. Campbell's plantation, was bulldozed, terribly whipped, the excuse being he had stolen a gun in 1872.
1897 E. A. Bartlett Battlefields of Thessaly iii. 53 There is a remarkable resemblance..between the way in which English public opinion has been ‘bulldozed’ and misled in both cases.
1916 J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee viii. 104 Debenham backed Danvers up by..pointing out to Hawley the folly of handing a loaded revolver to Boder to examine. They simply bull-dozed Hawley.
1960 Flying Mag. Mar. 22/2 He is a gallant patriot..and a gentleman of honor who is not to be bulldozed.
2002 S. Turow Reversible Errors (2003) 296 Arthur had advised her beforehand not to allow his sister to bulldoze or terrify her.
b. transitive. To coerce, bully, or browbeat (a person, group, etc.) into a specified course of action.In later use often interpreted as a figurative use of sense 4a.
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1876 New Orleans Republican 13 Sept. (headline) Colored Republicans bulldozed into submission.
1884 H. George Social Probl. 16 Large Employers regularly ‘bulldose’ their hands into voting as they wish.
1941 G. G. Scholem Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism viii. 320 The philosophers who tried to bulldoze us into accepting the God of Aristotle as the God of Religion.
1954 Encounter July 31/1 The men..were..trying to bulldoze the creative Czech artist..into conformity with the precepts of Socialist Realism.
2011 L. L'Abate Sourcebk. Interactive Pract. Exercises in Mental Health 287 You may need to practice not allowing your partner to bully or bulldoze you into an instant replay of past fights.
2. transitive. To advance (a proposal) or bring about (an objective) by acting in an unpleasantly forceful way. Also: to push (a measure or bill) through (a legislative assembly, committee, etc.) by forcibly overriding opposition.
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1876 Columbus (Indiana) Democrat 17 Nov. That loyal, christian gentleman, Cumback, has gone to assist in ‘bulldozing’ a majority for Hayes in Louisiana.
1877 Evening News (Jeffersonville, Indiana) 28 Feb. Friends of the bill..with the aid of the Speaker..bulldozed the bill back on the calendar.
1947 Daily Mail (Hull) 1 May (Final City ed.) 4/2 That time has been denied the House and a hotly-contested Bill ruthlessly bulldozed through the protests of its critics.
2005 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 31 Oct. 19/7 The coalition bulldozed through the formation of what is now a $21 billion mega bank.
3. transitive. Mining (North American). To break up (large blocks of rock or ore) using explosives, in order to allow the material to be transported from the mine. Also: to create (a chamber, tunnel, etc.) by blasting rock. Now rare.
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1882 2nd Rep. State Mineralogist Calif. 89Bulldozing bowlders’ is a term used in some of the mines when a giant cartridge is laid on the top of the bowlder without drilling, covered with a ball of wet clay, and fired.
1901 Rep. Governor Alaska in Ann. Rep. Dept. Interior: Misc. Rep. Pt. II App. a. 66 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (57th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Doc. 5) XXVI When bulldozing chutes, warning must be given in both directions, so that no one may come opposite or too near such chute at time of firing.
1930 L. H. Cole Gypsum Industry Canada (Canada Dept. Mines: Mines Branch Rep. No. 714) 18 Any material too large to handle is bulldozed, using Ingersoll-Rand pluggers and a low strength dynamite.
1973 Ann. Rep. (Brit. Columbia Dept. Mines & Petroleum Resources) 217 On the day of the accident Engels and his partner had bulldozed hung-up rocks four times between the start of the shift at 4 p.m. and 7 p.m.
4.
a. transitive. To move, clear, or level (earth, rocks, land, etc.) by means of a bulldozer; to demolish (a building, etc.) completely using a bulldozer; (also) to make (one's way) through trees, rubble, etc., by pushing it aside with a bulldozer. Also figurative.
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1931 Roads & Streets Feb. 86/3 The body is gravity operated and when in lowered position easily bull-dozes the load.
1941 Winnipeg Free Press 9 July 5/3 Johnson..hitched up a five-tractor train, fastened a series of camp cabooses and machinery on sleighs behind the tractors and started to bulldoze his way through that forest.
1963 Rev. Eng. Stud. 14 319 The second edition of 1934..has been bulldozed away and a new edifice constructed.
1997 Idaho Falls Post Reg. (Nexis) 7 June a1 National Guard troops..chainsawed and bulldozed their way through 40,000 cubic yards of trees, rocks and mud covering a 200-yard stretch of highway.
2012 N.Y. Times Mag. 20 May 38/2 The demo team only had a handful of houses to bulldoze before their work..was done.
2016 K. Mahajan Assoc. Small Bombs viii. 96 He'd bulldozed the slums of Delhi during the Emergency.
b. intransitive. To operate a bulldozer; to carry out earthmoving or demolition by means of a bulldozer.
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1944 Reader's Digest Aug. 93 Men were coming out of the sea continually and starting to work—digging, hammering, bulldozing.
2007 B. A. Connelly Finer than Hair on Frog vi. 47 When I was bulldozing on the top of those Algoma mountains, on a clear day I could see the sheep grazing on the hills back home in Scotland.
5. intransitive. To proceed forcefully or insensitively, esp. in the face of obstacles or opposition. Also transitive: to make (one's way) in this manner.
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1948 Sat. Rev. Lit. (U.S.) 21 Feb. 26 She bulldozed her way through her songs.
1948 Gloucestershire Echo 4 Dec. 4/5 Dark manoeuvred smartly to give Handley his chance to bulldoze over.
1995 C. Bateman Divorcing Jack xxiv. 204 The borough council had a Protestant majority that could bulldoze through the planning restrictions with the minimum of fuss.
2006 WWD 3 May 4 Sex Pistol Johnny Rotten bulldozing his way through the crowds throwing cockneyed insults at people..added to the irreverent mood.
2018 G. W. Garner Why Cops Die xii. 59 Never bulldoze ahead without altering your approach or tactics once you detect one or more danger signs.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
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