upn.
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ 1.
a. One who or that which is up, in various senses. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > one who
up1536
speeder1580
succeeder1836
get-on1867
riot1909
1536 R. Morison Remedy for Sedition i b Say, farewell welth, where lust is lyked, and lawe refused, where uppe is sette downe, and downe sette uppe.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. xi. 54 With us, you see, the case is quite different;—we are all ups and downs in this matter;—you are a great genius;—or..a great dunce.
1890 Punch 22 Feb. 85 It's the up-and-down bizness of life, mate, as makes it such fun—for the ups.
1895 ‘M. Corelli’ Sorrows Satan iv It implies..that one must choose an up or a down,—genius is the Up, money is the Down.
b. A rise or elevation in the ground. Also in figurative context. (Cf. up and down adv. 1a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun]
link931
rise1240
motea1300
bentc1405
mote-hill1475
territory1477
height1487
rising1548
raising1572
linch1591
mount1591
swelling1630
up1637
vertex1641
advance1655
ascendant1655
eminency1662
ascent1663
eminence1670
swell1764
elevation1799
embreastment1799
upwith1819
lift1825
salita1910
turtle-back1913
upwarp1917
upslope1920
whaleback1928
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 32 But Oh the windings, the turnings, the up's & the down's, that he hath led me through.
1755 H. Walpole Corr. 18 Sept. (1973) XXXV. 249 The bad choice of the situation in such a country; it is all ups that should be downs.
2. † a. The action of arising from bed.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [noun] > action of getting up or rising
uprisinga1300
uprista1300
arising1340
risinga1400
up1602
uprise1633
levee1700
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida iii. sig. E3 Here ile sleepe till that the sceane of vp Is past at Court.
b. A rise in life; a spell of prosperity; a success. Usually plural, and contrasted with down(s). (Cf. up and down n. 2a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun] > time of prosperity
highOE
golden age1561
halcyon days1570
gilded age1655
heyday1751
high point1787
millennium1821
palmy days1837
up1843
clover summer1866
flower-time1873
belle époque1910
glory-days1956
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xvi. 203 And as fraudulent transactions have their downs as well as ups; the major was occasionally under a cloud.
1857 Locker London Life 20 Life is chequer'd, a patchwork of smiles and of frowns; We valued its ups, let us muse on its downs.
1890 A. Conan Doyle Sign of Four xii I've had ups in my life, and I've had downs.
c. A rise in price or value.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [noun] > (an) increase in price
enhancing1490
hoising1568
enhancement1577
advance1642
rise1645
inflammation1821
exaltation1866
raise1883
surpreciation1884
bulge1890
up1897
hike1931
uplift1949
1897 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 6/3 But there were downs as well as ups, and we find the embryo South-Western..with its £50 shares at 43.
d. A state of mental stimulation or excitement. Cf. high n.2 13. U.S. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > [noun] > a state of excitement
heydayc1590
furor1704
feveret1712
kippage1808
raptus1845
take-on1893
gale1894
excitedness1934
up1966
1966 K. Rote & J. Winter Lang. Pro Football iii. 144/1 Up,..state of being emotionally prepared for a game.
1979 N.Y. Times 1 Apr. 9/2 Young women want to be with it. The shapes in your ad are all sleek and slim and they come in colors you can get an up from.
e. in two ups: see two n. 2g.
3. An ‘up’ train or coach.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > going in specific direction
up1849
eastbound1892
westbound1897
northbound1900
southbound1903
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > travelling in specific direction
up1884
1849 F. B. Head Stokers & Pokers ix. 82 Her daughter..listens for the rumbling of ‘the 3½ a.m. goods up’.
1884 Graphic 15 Nov. 503/2 To spend pleasant quarters of an hour in waiting for the ‘ups’ and ‘downs’.
4. Colloquial phrase on the up-and-up.
a. Honest(ly), straightforward(ly), ‘on the level’. Originally and chiefly U.S.
ΚΠ
1863 Humboldt Reg. (Unionville, Nevada) 4 July 2/1 Now that would be business, on the dead up-and-up.
1929 D. Hammett Red Harvest vii. 71 He phoned the old man's residence to find out if the check was on the up-and-up.
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Hot Water i. 20 I kept telling her the whole thing had been strictly on the up-and-up, but she wouldn't listen.
1952 M. Allingham Tiger in Smoke iii. 65 They've got to be on the up-and-up, see?
1974 P. De Vries Glory of Hummingbird xiii. 200 Thus I ended..on the up-and-up. I had restored some honesty to..a thoroughly shady enterprise.
b. Steadily rising, improving, or increasing; prospering, successful.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > advancing or progressing [phrase] > rising in prosperity, power, or rank
on the up-and-up1930
1930 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. 6/1 From now on, we are led to believe, law and order will be on the up and up, as the current phrase is.
1937 G. Heyer They found him Dead xiii. 265 He certainly wasn't on the up-and-up when I knew him. He was picking up a living doing odd jobs for any firm that would use him.
1959 Encounter Oct. 25/2 Private travel is on the up and up.
1971 Farmer & Stockbreeder 23 Feb. 10 (heading) Drainage work on the up and up. Drainage work completed in England and Wales during the coming year is likely to reach an all-time high.
5. In Winchester College Football, a forward.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > other forms of football > [noun] > player at Winchester
up1869
1869 Wykehamist Oct. 6/1 J. W. Barry, a good and persevering ‘up’.
1900 R. T. Warner Winchester ix. 142 It begins with a ‘hot’ or scrimmage, in which all the ‘ups’ take part.
1975 Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 397/2 In the 15-a-side—XV—game, a team is composed of eight ‘ups’, four ‘hotwatchers’, and three ‘behinds’ or ‘kicks’.
6. U.S. slang. A prospective customer.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] > customer or client > prospective customer
prospect1904
up1942
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §542/21 Forward, front, up, a prospective customer in a store.
1949 N.Y. Times 1 May 62 The hottest salesman who ever turned a looker into an up.
1977 Drive Sept. 112/1 You go to buy a car, offering your Old Faithful in part-exchange... In New York, you would be the up. ‘I'm sitting at my desk. The guy comes through the door, so I gotta get up. See?’
7. = upper n.2 Frequently in plural. slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > euphoric drug
euphoric1934
euphoriant1947
up1969
1969 R. Jaffe Fame Game xi. 164 Bonnie had taken a pill, one of the little cache of Ups Bonnie got from the queens in the gay bars.
1972 M. Pereira Singing Millionaire iii. 31 ‘Meth’, he said,..‘not meths. Methedrine. Speed. Up. Chrystal. Crank.’
1978 P. G. Winslow Coppergold 172 ‘She did take pills, ups, if you get me.’ Capricorn understood her to mean amphetamines.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
upadj.
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ 1.
a. Dwelling up-country.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > [adjective] > inhabiting high land
uplandsc1330
uplandisha1387
upa1400
highland1595
mountain people1596
mountainous1613
upper1617
upland1622
hilly1632
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > [adjective]
overOE
upa1400
uppera1400
high?a1425
uplandsa1525
uplandish1551
highland1595
upland1610
high country1612
uphill1613
Highlandish1632
uplying1877
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 7053 Þise Sereses als I fynde, Þe vppest folk ben of al ynde.
b. Situated on high ground. rare.
ΚΠ
c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 128 To persons born in up and dry Countryes.
2.
a. Of trains or coaches: Going or running up; up-going. (See up adv.1 6d.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [adjective] > travelling in specific direction
down1797
up1797
cross-town1886
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [adjective] > going in specific direction
down1797
up1841
downcoming1851
up and down1890
merry-go-round1963
1797 J. Palmer Papers Reform Posts App. iv. 40 All the Letters..are sent by the up-Coach at night.
1815 Ann. Reg., Chron. 57 The up coach, by the way of Cashel, was attacked.
1841 P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 216 For an up train to bring it back.
1844 A. Smith Adventures Mr. Ledbury I. i. ii. 12 The up-mail-trains of the railway.
1868 M. Collins Sweet Anne Page II. 160 They caught an up-stage, which landed them in Piccadilly at six.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 131 The up coach leaving and the down one just coming in.
b. Belonging to, connected with, up-going trains, coaches, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [adjective] > going in specific direction > belonging to or connected with
up1840
1840 Osborne's London & Birm. Railw. Guide 67 The rails..constituting the road used by trains coming up to town and hence..called the up side.
1852 Mechanics' Mag. 6 Nov. 369 [He] observed the scarp next the up-line give way.
1885 Law Times Rep. 52 622/2 The booking-office at Risca is on the up platform.
1895 Law Times 100 133/2 A cottage near the up side of the railway line.
1924 A. J. Small Frozen Gold 22 The main up-trail from Dawson to Forty Mile sidled past the cabins.
3.
a. Of fermented liquors: Effervescing, effervescent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > sparkling
sparklinga1500
lively1615
quick1620
smirking1648
nitty1654
smiling1725
huffy1766
up1815
1815 Sporting Mag. 45 251 Beer's nothing if not up.
1815 [see sense 3b]. 1828 [see sense 3b]. 1840 Dom. Brewing 46 The beer is soon what is commonly called up.
1910 H. G. Wells Hist. Mr. Polly iv. 107 Mr. Johnson, at large: ‘Ain't the beer up! It's the 'eated room.’
1934 S. Beckett More Pricks than Kicks 12 Their bottled stout was particularly excellent and well up.
b. transferred. Sparkling, excited; cheerful, vivacious.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > pleasurable excitement > [adjective] > pleasurably excited
ticklec1330
elevateda1640
up1815
thrilly1893
thrilled1900
stoked1902
gassed1941
kilig1981
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > cheerful and lively
taitc1300
cant1330
crouse?a1400
pert?a1513
sprightya1522
aleger1590
sprightly1594
sunshine1594
brighta1616
lifesomec1635
flippant1711
cantya1724
saucy1741
chirk1789
chipper1806
chirrupy1808
up1815
chirpy1837
breezy1870
cyclonish1884
1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris ii. 26 Their faces all sparkling and up, as we say of spruce beer.
1828 Examiner 806/1 As vain and flippant as a butterfly, and as ‘up’ as sparkling champagne.
1893 Sat. Rev. 7 Jan. 23/2 Mr. Gilfillan was too hurried, too perfervid, ‘too much up’, if we may borrow an expression from the effervescence of a harmless beverage.
4.
a. Directed, inclining or sloping, upwards; ascending.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adjective] > having upward direction
upwarda1616
ascentive1627
looking up1649
upturned1839
uppish1862
up1869
1869 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Counterpoint iii The up-beat may be either a concord or a discord.
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 61/2 Alternate bowing will lead to the recurrence of an up-bow on every alternate down-beat.
1901 Feilden's Mag. 4 412/1 If there be long lengths of them horizontal, or with slight up gradient.
1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 138 He said..that..that up look under the eyelashes was the affair of the devil!
b. Of a lift, escalator, etc.: ascending, moving upwards, carrying persons to a higher floor. Also applied to the button which operates or summons this.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > other means of conveyance > [adjective] > going up (of lift)
up1948
1948 G. V. Galwey Lift & Drop v. 124 Lord Swale..was usually the sole first occupant of the ‘up’ lift.
1967 ‘M. Carrel’ Dark Edge of Violence v. 42 The man then slammed the gate and punched the ‘Up’ button.
1976 J. Wainwright Bastard i. 16 He fell down the escalator. The ‘up’ escalator.
5. In a state of emotional or nervous stimulation, either naturally or as a result of taking drugs; excited, elated; at a peak of performance. Cf. high adj. 19c. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > [adjective]
fevering?a1200
upreareda1382
warm1390
amoveda1400
entalented1402
stirred1483
intoxicatea1533
roused1575
vibrant1575
waked1581
irritated1595
uproused1597
gunpowdered1604
concitated1652
exagitated1659
animated1660
upstirreda1666
instinct1667
hot-headed1679
flushed1749
abubble1766
agig1767
fermentitious1807
suscitated1811
effervescent1833
effervescing1837
quick1837
galvanized1843
ginger beery1849
excited1855
ablaze1859
het1862
effervescible1866
thrilly1893
piqued1902
all of a doodah1915
hopped-up1923
adrenalized1935
volted1936
hyped1938
spooked up1939
twitterpated1942
up1942
jazzed1955
psyched1963
amped1967
plugged-in1967
torqued1967
buzzy1978
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > effects of drugs > [adjective] > in state of euphoria
hepped1903
hopped1924
up1942
spaced1967
spacy1969
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §509/30 Snowed, snowed in, up or under,..under the influence of cocaine.
1964 H. Selby Last Exit to Brooklyn 49 Waiting for the time to fly, as it does when you're up on bennie.
1972 Times 31 May 7/6 She is playing lovely tennis. In the language of the game, she is really ‘up’ for this one.
1975 W. Safire Before Fall i. v. 55 He's too ‘up’ to sleep—can you sit around with him until he runs out of gas?
1981 Gossip (Holiday Special) 10/2 He was very up about his job (in the CBS studio mailroom) and people in general.
6. Particle Physics. Applied to a quark carrying a flavour with a charge of +2/3; symbol u (u n. at U n.1 Initialisms 1a). [See note s.v. S n.1 15. The name first appeared in print later than the symbol u.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > quark > [adjective] > up
up1975
1975 Sci. Amer. Oct. 41/3 Gell-Mann designated the three quarks u, d and s, for the arbitrary labels ‘up’, ‘down’ and ‘sideways’.
1977 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 208/1 The common baryons, the proton and the neutron, are composed of only up (u) and down (d) quarks (proton = uud, neutron = udd).
1978 Nature 2 Feb. 406/3 The best known meson is the pion (π) which is a combination of an up and a down quark.
1982 Sci. Amer. Nov. 134/1 Charm, like up, down and strange, is a quark flavor.
Draft additions 1993
b. (Staying) out of bed. Cf. up adv.2 7a. colloquial (chiefly Medicine).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [adjective] > out of bed or staying up
perdu1634
up-all-night1856
up1958
1958 ‘C. Fremlin’ Hours before Dawn xxii. 185 Tomorrow I am officially an ‘Up’ patient, and..I will prowl from ward to ward.
1978 E. Malpass Wind brings up Rain xiv. 149 It was one of Grandma's ‘up’ days.
1983 R. Sutcliff Blue Remembered Hills xii. 90 One of the Up patients had eaten my supper... The Up patients often helped bring it round, and they were hungry too.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
upv.
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ I. transitive.† 2. To make up, form, or compose of something.
1. † b. To carry out, perform (the practice of ‘upping’).
a. To drive up and catch (swans, etc.) so as to provide with the mark of ownership. Cf. upping n.2 1 ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [verb (transitive)] > mark swan
up1560
footmarka1642
neb-marka1642
1560 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 285 For uppyng the ground byrde in porte meade.
1584–5 Order for Swans The Swan-heard..shall vp no Swan nor make any sale of them, without the Maister of the Swannes..be present.
1602–3 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) III. 595 Item ye swanherd for vpping swans, ijs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [verb (transitive)] > mark swan > the practice of 'upping'
up1593
1593 Buckhurst in A. J. Kempe Losely MSS (1836) 306 That the upping of all those swans..may be upped all in on day wt the upping of the Tems.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct
workOE
dighta1175
to set upc1275
graitha1300
formc1300
pitchc1330
compoundc1374
to put togethera1387
performc1395
bigc1400
elementc1400
complexion1413
erect1417
framea1450
edifya1464
compose1481
construe1490
to lay together1530
perstruct1547
to piece together1572
condite1578
conflate1583
compile1590
to put together1591
to set together1603
draw1604
build1605
fabric1623
complicate1624
composit1640
constitute1646
compaginate1648
upa1658
complex1659
construct1663
structurate1664
structure1664
confect1677
to put up1699
rig1754
effect1791
structuralize1913
a1658 J. Cleveland London Lady in Wks. (1687) 238 An Animal together blow'd and made, And up'd of all the shreds of every Trade.
3. To raise up (a weapon, etc.), esp. to or upon the shoulder. Cf. sense 8b.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > use or wield (a weapon) [verb (transitive)] > raise
up1885
1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines iv Good..upped gun, and let drive at..a young cow.
1887 G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 104 She ups her stick and begins to belabour him across the shoulders.
4. Nautical.
Categories »
a. (See sense 8c.)
b. To heave or haul up.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > set or spread (sails) > raise (sail or yard)
windc1275
to hoise sail1490
to seize upc1540
hoisen1553
tauntc1579
ride1880
up1890
1890 W. C. Russell Marriage at Sea vii There's no English port for her unless she ups hellum and tries back'ards again.
1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 133 After us've upped trawl, us'll be glad of a tow.
5.
a. Cards. To raise (a bid, stake, etc.). Cf. raise v.1 34a. Also transferred. Chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > bid or stake > increase or equal stakes
revie1577
see1599
raise1814
call1840
sweeten1896
up1915
1915 Munsey's Mag. Apr. 488/1 I'd 'a' upped it till the hot place froze over!
1915 Munsey's Mag. Apr. 489/1 I'll up that! the old man was saying.
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §746/3 Raise, go (it) one (or more) better, hike, press, up.
1984 Listener 3 May 16/1 Some competitors see it as his way of upping the ante.
b. To increase or raise (prices, production, mechanical power, etc.). colloquial (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)]
echeOE
ekec1200
multiplya1275
morea1300
increase13..
vaunce1303
enlargec1380
augmenta1400
accrease1402
alargea1425
amply?a1425
great?1440
hainc1440
creasec1475
grow1481
amplea1500
to get upa1500
improve1509
ampliatea1513
auge1542
over1546
amplify1549
raise1583
grand1602
swell1602
magnoperate1610
greaten1613
accresce1626
aggrandize1638
majoratea1651
adauge1657
protend1659
reinforce1660
examplify1677
pluralize1750
to drive up1817
to whoop up1856
to jack up1884
upbuild1890
steepen1909
up1934
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices)
raise?a1513
enhance1542
enhaulse1600
exhance1667
inflamea1687
to run up1709
rise1740
to put up1838
hike1904
up1934
price-gouge1940
uplift1962
1934 Amer. Speech 9 76/1 In Birmingham on September 17, Dr. Sterling J. Foster..warned his hearers that ‘if a certain fatal mistake is made, taxes will be upped on every house in the city’.
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Dec. 9/3 (heading) Shot of water ups engine power.
1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie xi. 116 You can only buy P.G. so often, or the druggist gets wise. Then he packs in, or ups the price.
1957 P. G. Wodehouse Over Seventy viii. 94 These negotiations are better left to one's agent. I have instructed mine to arrange for a flat payment of ten guineas, to be upped, of course, if they want to know what I had for dinner at that amusing château in the wine country.
1969 Daily Tel. 16 Apr. 23/2 This 28 per cent. increase now ups the annual bill of the trade from £36 million to about £47 million.
a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 108 I'd talked this over with the Dame before lunch and cautiously suggested that we should make our target 135,000 houses... Harold immediately upped me to 150,000.
1978 G. A. Sheehan Running & Being x. 135 Athletes upped their practice time fivefold.
c. To promote in rank. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > raise in prosperity, power, or rank > advance or promote (a person)
advancec1300
vaunce1303
before-seta1382
profera1400
promote1402
prefer1548
engrace1610
to kick (someone) upstairs1678
rocket1931
up1945
fast-track1977
1945 H. Brown Artie Greengroin 182 Someday that mess sergeant is going to fill the Spam full of arsenic and knock off the whole company for a laugh. The day he does that they'll probably up him to tech.
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard iii. 111 Both the detectives' names and ranks were correct; neither was upped to DCS.
a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 609 Harold Wilson breezed up and said ‘Meet your new Lord President.’..They were astonished that Harold had upped me into the stratosphere.
d. To improve, to ‘boost’. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)]
beetc975
betterOE
goodOE
sharpa1100
amendc1300
enhance1526
meliorate1542
embetter1568
endeara1586
enrich1598
meliorize1598
mend1603
sweeten1607
improve1617
to work up1641
ameliorate1653
solace1667
fine1683
ragout1749
to make something of1778
richen1795
transcendentalize1846
to tone up1847
to do something (also things) for (also to)1880
rich1912
to step up1920
uprate1965
up1968
nice1993
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 28 You can up your morale all so easily.
1976 Daily Express 29 June 5/4 I did make a perfunctory attempt to up my image by purchasing chic glasses.
II. intransitive.
6.
a. To rise to one's feet; to get up from a sitting or recumbent posture; to arise; to rise from bed. Also in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > get up or rise
arisec950
riseOE
risec1175
uprisea1400
to dress upc1400
rouse1577
to get up1583
up1635
unroost1751
to turn out1801
to show a leg1818
to roll out1884
to hit the deck1918
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > rise
arisec1000
astandOE
standOE
to stand upOE
risec1175
risec1175
runge?c1225
uprisea1300
upstanda1300
buskc1390
to fare upa1400
to get upa1400
to win upona1400
dress1490
upget1582
up1635
raise1884
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. xiv. 118 The true-bred Gamester ups a fresh; and then, Falls to 't agen.
1647 R. Corbet Poems (1807) 226 Nor can these figures in thy rest endeere, As not to up when chanticleere Speaks the last watch.
1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 109 Jerry Nutty..upp'd avaur tha lork.
1913 M. Roberts Salt of Sea vi. 177 The bloke nods and ups on 'is feet.
1915 C. H. Sorley Lett. (1919) 255 Suddenly the division ups and marches to Aldershot.
b. colloquial and dialect. To start up, come forward, begin abruptly or boldly, to say or do something. Usually followed by and. Cf. up adv.1 33.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (intransitive)] > suddenly
up1831
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > abruptly
up1831
nosedive1920
(a)
(b)1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island vi. xxix. 242 And you have the Davy Jones's insolence to up and stand for cap'n over me!1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxv. 218 All of a sudden the doctor ups and turns on them. He says: [etc.].1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xxvii A gesture that served..to..invite the Frenchman to up and smite him.1935 E. E. Cummings Let. 31 Jan. (1969) 135 And he ups and hands Am [Eimi] such a boost as would knock Karl Marx's whiskers out of Benjamin G. Woozeythought's cabinet d'aisance.1958 ‘A. Gilbert’ Death against Clock 81 So you upped and fled.1961 O. Nash Coll. Verse 33 One of these days not too remote I'll probably up and cut your throat.1973 Black World Jan. 62/1 It did no good. I upped and died.1979 J. Rathbone Joseph i. i. 20 As soon as we could we upped and fled.1831 S. Lover Legends & Stories Ireland 82 The bishop ups and he tells him that he must mend his manners.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xiii. 270 Then we both of us ups and says, that minute, ‘Prove so!’
1867– in general dialect use ( Eng. Dial. Dict. ).
1879 R. Browning Ned Bratts in Idyls I. 125 She ups with such a face, Heart sunk inside me: ‘Well, pad on my prate-apace!’
7. To move upwards; to rise or ascend. Also with it.
ΚΠ
1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. II. 103 A Chimney-sweeper ups and downs it in a Chimney, with his long Broom.
1825 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) I. 360 What an odd thing life is, and how it ups and downs.
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 328 He flounders backward and forward, now upping and now downing.
8. to up with:
a. To come out with (a story, etc.). rare. Cf. out v. 5b.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)]
unwryc825
unhelec1000
to draw forthc1175
unhillc1200
to bring forth?c1225
unsteekc1250
let witc1275
uncovera1300
wraya1300
knowc1300
barea1325
shrivec1374
unwrapc1374
again-covera1382
nakena1382
outc1390
tellc1390
disclosea1393
cough1393
unhidea1400
unclosec1400
unhaspc1400
bewrayc1405
reveal1409
accusea1413
reveil1424
unlocka1425
unrekec1425
disclude?1440
uncurec1440
utter1444
detect1447
break1463
expose1483
divinec1500
revelate1514
to bring (also put) to light1526
decipher1529
rake1547
rip1549
unshadow1550
to lay to sight1563
uppen1565
unlace1567
unvisor?1571
resign1572
uncloak1574
disshroud1577
spill1577
reap1578
unrip1579
scour1585
unharboura1586
unmask1586
uncase1587
descrya1591
unclasp?1592
unrive1592
discover1594
unburden1594
untomb1594
unhusk1596
dismask1598
to open upc1600
untruss1600
divulge1602
unshale1606
unbrace1607
unveil1609
rave1610
disveil1611
unface1611
unsecret1612
unvizard1620
to open up1624
uncurtain1628
unscreen1628
unbare1630
disenvelop1632
unclothe1632
to lay forth1633
unshroud1633
unmuffle1637
midwife1638
dissecret1640
unseal1640
unmantle1643
to fetch out1644
undisguise1655
disvelop1658
decorticate1660
clash1667
exert1692
disinter1711
to up with1715
unbundlea1739
develop1741
disembosom1745
to open out1814
to let out1833
unsack1846
uncrown1849
to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861
unfrock1866
disbosom1868
to blow the lid off1928
flush1950
surface1955
to take or pull the wraps off1964
1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 31 Sir Thomas up's with a Story of the Curs baiting of the Butcher's Dog.
b. colloquial. To raise (the arm, etc.); to elevate; to lift or pick up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise > specifically a part of the body
to bear upc1175
to cast upc1384
to throw upa1413
erect1609
to up with1766
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up
aheaveeOE
to reach upOE
to draw upOE
bearc1225
upnimc1290
to take upc1330
upholda1400
lutchc1400
hovec1480
upweigha1593
lift1596
poise1689
to up with1825
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. v. 168 She ups with her brawny arm.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 13 Mrs. South..‘upped with the turbot and popped it into the dish’.
1851 H. Newland Erne 37 Had he upped with his pilgrim-staff, and broken the man's heretical head.
1887 G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 30 He ups with the spade in a minute.
c. Nautical. To place (the helm or tiller) so as to carry the rudder to leeward.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > steer [verb (transitive)] > work the rudder > turn helm or tiller to specific position
port1580
starboard1605
to right the (also one's) helm1627
leea1668
to up with1860
1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. 95 And there..stand the four Chinese helmsmen,..upping with the helm and downing with it.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
upadv.1
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ I. Denoting actual movement or direction in (or in relation to) space.
1. in extended use.1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 419/1 Voices..capable of extending their compass by running up into a falsetto.1890 Good Words Aug. 520/2 The barometer..is going up at a tremendous rate.
a. To or towards a point or place higher than another and lying directly (or almost directly) above it; so as to raise or bring, come or tend, to or towards a highter position in space.Frequently denoting the elevating or rising of only part of the thing spoken of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > [adverb]
upc888
highOE
highlyOE
thereupc1000
anovenOE
overOE
boveOE
on, upon (the) lofta1100
aloftc1175
bibufennc1175
on higha1200
abovec1225
anovenonc1300
in heighta1340
on or upon height1340
ahighc1350
outh1389
over loftc1430
aheight1477
supernally1596
lofty-like1604
sublimely1625
way up1843
thereabove1891
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > [adverb]
upc888
upwardsc888
upwardOE
upc1384
roofward1844
roofwards1845
whereup1880
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction
upc888
upwardsc890
upwardOE
anovewardOE
countermount1513
upwith1513
supernally1596
headward1786
upwardly1816
upways1890
up-along1963
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [adverb] > higher
upc888
highereOE
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxiv. §11 Hwæðer þu nu ongite forhwy þæt fyr fundige up & sio eorðe ofdune?
OE Riddle 54 4 Hyse..hof his agen hrægl hondum up.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 252 Æfter heora gerepe gæð seo ea up..& ofer flett eall þæt egiptisce land.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1099 Ðises geares..asprang up..sæ-flod.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 205 Sech hu feole þe grimme wrestlere of helle braid upon his hupe.
c1280 Vox & Wolf 75 Wen me shulde þat on op winde, Þat oþer wolde adoun winde.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 483 Whan þe watur wiþ þe wind þe wawus vp casteþ.
a1400 Pistill of Susan 229 To the ȝate ȝaply þei ȝeoden..And he lift vp þe lach and leop ouer þe lake.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1192 Ho..stel to his bedde, Kest vp þe cortyn [etc.].
c1420 Anturs of Arth. 408 He wayned vp his viser fro his ventalle.
1423 Kingis Quair clxv Quhere sum were slungin..vnto the ground, Full sudaynly sche hath [them] vp ythrungin.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 2 Þe see schall aryse vp yn hyr styd, soo þat þe watyr schall be hear then ayny hyll.
1535 MS Rawl. D. 777 f. 86 A smale Rope for the plommers to pull vppe there Irons vnto the leades.
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Scintillatio,..a sparkelyng vp of fire.
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. dj Catchyng hold of their Shyps, and hoysing them vp aboue the water.
1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iv. ii. 48 Ile creep vp into the chimney.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. E3 She'll mount you vp, like quick-siluer, Ouer the helme. View more context for this quotation
1622 J. Taylor Farewell to Tower-bottles A 3 b Thus like Times Footeball was I often tost In Dock out Nettle, vp downe.
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes iii. xxx. 129 The Knight of the Eagles presently lift up his Bever.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 574 Thither his course he bends..; but up or downe..[it is] hard to tell. View more context for this quotation
1706 P. A. Motteux in J. Vanbrugh Mistake Epil. Nor.., With Glass drawn up, Drive about Covent-Garden.
1766 G. Williams Let. in G. Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) II. 42 After he has pulled up his stockings.
1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges 99 A large ram of iron..being lift up to the top of them.
1805 Naval Chron. 14 154 The hatches had bursted up.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. iii. 77 The air..will immediately pass up by the hair or wire.
b. Towards or above the level of the shoulders or head.
ΚΠ
a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 18 Apr. 58 Þonne he hof his hond upp to hiofonum, þonne hofon þa deor heora fotas upp.
OE Beowulf 2575 Hond up abræd Geata dryhten, gryrefahne sloh.
c1000 Ælfric Exodus viii. 17 Aaron ahefde up hys hand.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3057 Moyses..helde up is hond.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 11 He..haf up his handes and seide, ‘I praye [etc.]’.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4767 Oft he liftud vp his hend To godd, þat he helpe þam wald send.
1455 E. Clere in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 108 Than he hild vp his handes and thankid God.
1590 T. Lodge Euphues' Golden Legacie (1887) 21 Casting up his hand he felt hair on his face.
1639 E. Spenser in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. IV. 75 He heaved vp his sticke with an intent..to haue strooken me.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 298 I saw one of the Villains lift up his Arm with a great Cutlash..to strike one of the poor Men.
1853 Public School Matches 14 The wicket-keeper puts up his hands.
1887 Mrs. J. H. Perks From Heather Hills I. vi. 114 Eliza's hands went up in horror.
c. So as to raise into a more erect (or level) as well as elevated position.
ΚΠ
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care liv. 425 Ne hebbe ge to up eowre hornas. Ðonne ahebbað ða synfullan swiðe up hira hornas [etc.].
971 Blickl. Hom. 187 ‘Rære up þin heafod.’.. Þa ahof Paulus up his heafod.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 219 With that he pulleth up his hed, And made riht a glad visage.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job x. 15 Yf I be rightuous, yet darre I not lift vp my heade.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. viii. 17 Purposly to cast vp their noses vpon me.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 90 Than did sum Lords lyft vp yair hornis on hie.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 208 The horse..dare neyther tosse vp his heade, nor ducke it downe.
1678 J. Dryden All for Love i. 1 Sea-Horses..Toss'd up their heads, and dash'd the ooze about 'em.
1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Satires i. vi, in tr. Horace Wks. (1826) II. 55 Do you..toss up your nose at obscure people.
1875 G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. (1878) 48 Up go their heads to avoid the pain.
d. So as to raise a thing from the place in which it is lying, placed, or fixed.For the specific sense ‘into a vehicle (boat, etc.)’, see to take up 14a at take v. Phrasal verbs 1, to pick up 3b at pick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iii. xv. 200 Þa scipmen þa oncras upp teon, & in þone sæ syndon.
c1000 Ælfric Genesis vii. 17 Ða wæteru..ahefdon up ðone arc.
c1000 Ælfric Saints' Lives viii. 212 Hine gelæhte an hors..mid toðum and hefde him upp.
c1052 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. C) Hig brudon up ða sona heora ancran.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Esdras ii. 1 I heuede vp the win, and ȝaf to the king.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 349 A whirlewynd..lefte up sixe rafters of þe cherche.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3064 Drightin has herd þi barn cri, Rise and tak it up for-þi.
c1430 Two Cookery Bks. 5 Þan take hem vp of þe water after þe fyrst boylyng.
1458 in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. 41 Som oute of her sadels flette to the grounde... Her kyn..caught hem uppe with care.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 213 They weyed vp theyr ancres & lyft vp theyr saylles.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras ii. 1 I toke vp the wyne, and gaue it vnto ye kynge.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 30v The Shrimps are dipped vp in shallow water by the shore side, with little round nets.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 290 The king was so incens'd..that as soon as he got up the next morning [etc.].
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. iv. 246 The Acorns he pickt up under an Oak..in the Wood.
1694 London Gaz. No. 3023/1 As soon as they could get up their Anchors they sailed away.
1725 T. Lewis Origines Hebrææ III. 270 When she had lift it [sc. a shoe] up.
187. B. Harte High Water Mark in Wks. (1873) 70 She dipped up the water to cool her parched throat.
e. So as to invert the relative position of things or surfaces; so as to have a particular surface facing upwards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inversion > [adverb]
upa1300
nevelinga1387
kew-kaw1399
overc1425
topsy-turvy1530
arsy-versy1545
upside down1569
overhand1579
bottom-up1598
downside up1603
top to bottom1624
inversely1657
invertedly1657
belly-up1749
topsy versy1767
topsy-turvily1886
a1300 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 21 Turne him uppe, turne him down,..ouer al þou findist him blodi oþer wan.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 673 What es man in shap bot a tre Turned up þat es doun.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1602 Þus es þis world turned up þat es doune.
c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 489 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 416 Þe rostit syd turne vpe & ete.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rebrasser, to turne, fould, or tucke vp, the sleeues, &c.
1834 T. De Quincey Sketches Life & Manners in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 86/2 ‘We tossed up’ to settle the question... ‘Heads’ came up.
1863 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (ed. 5) 37 In trumps, if king or queen is turned up.
2.
a. Towards a point overhead, or away from the surface of the earth; into the air.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > position of heavenly body > [adverb] > altitude
upc888
aloftc1450
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > to the sky or air
upc888
aloftc1175
to skyward1582
skyward1655
skywards1755
cloudward1817
starward1818
airward1820
zenithward1835
airwards1852
cloudwards1856
skywardly1893
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. vii. §3 Þonne ic up gefere..swa se earn ðonne he up gewit bufan ða wolcnu.
971 Blickl. Hom. 143 Þa apostolas tugon hie up & hie gesetton on..neorxna wange.
OE Beowulf 1373 Þonon yðgeblond up astigeð won to wolcnum.
c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxvii. 100 Æfter ðysum wordum gewende se engel up.
c1220 Bestiary 64 Ðer-ouer he fleȝeð, and up he teð, til ðat he ðe heuene seð.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds i. 9 He was lift vp, and a cloud receyuede hym.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. KKKv As a ball, whiche if it be tossed and cast vp streyght, it falleth downe [etc.].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxxix. 27 Doth the Aegle mounte vp..at thy commaundement?
1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. B4v Doubting least S. Richard would haue blowne them vp and himselfe.
1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 76 They may..blow uppe the mines of their adversaries.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 167 Like a vapour mounted up by the Clergy.
1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. vii. 189 The fresh coals..will throw up,..as usual, a body of thick smoke.
1853 Public School Matches 16 An appeal to the umpire, and up goes the ball.
b. With defining or restrictive adverb or preposition phrase.
ΚΠ
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iii. xvi. 202 Þa he þa se biscop geseah..þone rec up ofer þære burge wallas ahefenne.
971 Blickl. Hom. 123 Þes Hælend þe nu up on þysne heofon..astag.
c1000 in Wulfstan's Hom. (1883) 100 He stah up to ðam stepele and of ðam stepele hof upp on lyfte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 234 Þurrh þatt he [sc. Christ] stah forr ure god. Vpp inn till heffness blisse.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 168 [To] bloue hom here & þere vp in þe luft anhei.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 5027 Alle þat er gude..sal..up in-to þe ayre be ravyste.
c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 559 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 23 A day he sat þame till, vp in hewine quhen he suld fle.
1482 Monk of Evesham 107 Now sche was lyfte vppe an hye.
1539 Bible (Great) 2 Sam. xviii. 9 He was lifte vp betwene heuen & erthe.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fijv Here the gentle larke..mounts vp on hie. View more context for this quotation
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 206 Vines growing up high upon the Elmes.
1680 C. Ness Compl. Church-hist. 284 Him..whom he hop'd to help up upon the lofty gallows.
a1721 J. Sheffield Wks. (1753) I. 12 The sigh..Up tow'rds the heavens like a bright meteor soar'd.
1824 J. Telfer Border Ballads 42 They sprang upthrough the welkin high.
1904 W. B. Spencer & F. J. Gillen Northern Tribes Central Austral. xv. 487 Then he took him away up into the sky.
c. To some height above the ground or other surface; from or off the ground; spec. to a seat on horseback; to or towards the mast-head.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > part of body > [adverb] > as measure of height
upc897
ankle-high1681
bosom-deep1882
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 173 Ðonne hi hebbað..ða earce up.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16705 All swa se moysæs. Hof upp þe neddre i wesste.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15277 Heo wunden up seiles to coppe.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 41/232 Lupe þou up bi-hynde me.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 134/961 He..a-rerde op is baner.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 52 Poysoun on a pole þei put vp to his lippes.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John iii. 14 As Moyses reride vp a serpent in desert.
c1440 Generydes 2262 Generydes leppe vppe vppon his stede.
1450 Bk. Hawkyng in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 297 Lete the spanyell flusch up the covey.
c1450 Coventry Myst. (1922) 301 And he xal make hym to..gon up on a leddere.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 191 And swyth vp saile vnto the top thai stent.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10858 And pull vp a port, let hom passe furthe.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 59 Foorth we take oure passadge, oure sayles ful winged vp hoysting.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 54 Shall they hoyst me vp, And shew me to the showting Varlotarie Of censuring Rome? View more context for this quotation
1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 308 A spaniell..puts vp many a foule.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xv. 416 Having fine handsome weather, we got up our Yards again.
1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 31 Having put up a Sail in one of the small Wherries.
1821 W. Scott Pirate III. xiii. 309 Up goes the Jolly Hodge, the old black flag.
d. So as to be suspended aloft or on high; into a hanging position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adverb] > so as to be hanging
upc1000
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 561 Ich mai honge vp min ax, febliche ic abbe agonne.]
c1000 Ælfric Joshua x. 26 Iosue hi ofsloh ða & siððan up aheng on fif wacum bogum.
a1200 Vices & Virtues 49 He ðe weiȝþ upp mid his fingre heuene and ierðe.
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes viii. 1890 How he hymsilfe heng up bi the hals.
c1480 (a1400) St. George 780 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 198 Þane gert he men but mare hang hyre hey vpe be þe hare.
1536 R. Morison Remedy for Sedition sig. Biijv He was forthwith truste vppe.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 47. ¶3 The Dutch..hang up in several of their Streets what they call the Sign of the Gaper.
3. figurative.1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 31 The sun's blue ray Topt unknown cliffs and call'd them up to day.figurative.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 313 Hwen his blawunge ne geineð naut. hebringeð up sum luðer word.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1764 Þa alles vppe [c1300 Otho vp] abræc hit wes god þet heo spæc.1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 22) 1094 Sinne, like Stibium, will tarry with no body: up it must.
a. From beneath the horizon to the line of vision.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > into sight
upc888
forthc900
outa1625
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §13 Þonne hate we hine morgensteorra, forþam he cymð eastan up.
c937 Brunanburh 13 Siðþan sunne up..glad ofer grundas.
a1000 Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 30 Mid þy ða ærest se mona up eode.
c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 365 Er þat the sonne gan vp glyde.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 Quhill that the day did vp daw.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 184 Wp sprang the goldyn candill matutyne.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 755 Whan þe day vp droghe & the dym voidet.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8455 When the sun vp set with his softe beames.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 108 It is hard to fetch vpp a towne here, if a shippe ouer shoote it.
1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 54 Yet, never sleep the Sun up; Prayer shou'd Dawn with the day.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 82 I was sent to Surat. In a week's time we turned it up.
1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 228 The welcome Sun, just verging up at first, By small Degrees extends the swelling Curve.
b. From below the level of the earth, water, etc., to the surface. With (a) intransitive and (b) transitive verbs, and frequently with the addition of a prepositional phrase (of the earth, etc.).With grow, etc., in reference to plants, passing into sense 4. For further examples with transitive verbs, see delve v., to dig up at dig v. Phrasal verbs, grub v. 3, to turn up 17 at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1, weigh v.1 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > from beneath > to the surface
upc888
(a)
(b)c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iii. vii. 168 Hædde biscop heht his lichoman up adon.a1000 Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 35 Hy..delfaþ gold up of eorþan.c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxvii. 28 Hi tugon hine up of þam pytte.c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxi. 136 Eadgar cyning..wolde þæt se halga wer wurde up gedon.a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 963 He nam up Sancta Kyneburh & S. Kynesuið.1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 77 Hircanus took up þre þowsand talentes of kyng David his grave.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 118 Delvyn vp owte of the erthe, effodio.c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 561 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 239 Saraȝenis syne vpe can ta..his banis.1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 251 Sertane wrychtis..takand wpe the auld schype, that was sunkyne..in the watter.1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxvijv Some saye that kynge Richard caused the priest to take them vp,..and to put them in a coffyne.1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 66v When they plowe the grounde [they] turne vp syluer, among the clottes.1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. i. 135 Oft haue I digd vp dead men from their graues. View more context for this quotation1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 41 That thy power Might..call up him that left half told The story of Cambuscan bold.1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 100 This he onely did by casting up their nests.1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. viii. 219 The taking up oysters from great depths..by Negro slaves.1821 W. Scott Pirate III. ix. 197 Go down below, my girls..and send up the rare old man.1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. xii. 106 Ye called up ghosts, believing they were slack To follow [etc.].c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxiv. §6 Þæt wæter..cymð þonne up æt þæm æwelme.
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §9 Seo ea..up aspryngð neh þæm clife.
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 5 Hræþe cuomun [hie] upp forþon þe hie næfdon heanisse eorðe.
OE Beowulf 1619 Sona wæs [he] on sunde..wæter up þurhdeaf.
c1000 Ælfric Genesis ii. 5 Ælcne telgor on eorðan, ær ðan ðe he up asprunge.., & eall gærs..ær ðan ðe hi up asprytton.
c1220 Bestiary 579 Ðe sipes [= ships] sinken.., ne cumen he nummor up.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 165 Þe wind þere..Vp of þe erþe ofte comþ.
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9767 Vpp of hys graue a fyre vpp smote.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20788 In þe toumb..Mai naman find na thing bot flur Springand up of suet sauur.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 35 So semly a sede moȝt fayly not, Þat springande spycez vp ne sponne.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 692/1 It is a plesaunt syght to se the water ryse up..out of a spring.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xiv. 2 He commeth vp, and falleth awaye like a floure.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 456 Living Creatures..out of the ground up rose. View more context for this quotation
1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. i. 16 My father burst up from the cabin.
1844 C. Dickens Let. 20 Nov. in R. R. Madden Literary Life & Corr. Countess of Blessington (1855) III. iv. 101 I am here—just come up from underground.
1866 W. E. Shuckard Brit. Bees 223 A thick and prodigious quantity of the common mustard plant shot up.
c. So as to detach from being fixed in the soil or other surface.See also grub v. 3, pluck v. 8b, to pull up 1 at pull v. Phrasal verbs, root v.1 2.
ΚΠ
a1100 in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses i. 2903 Euulsum, i. abscisum, ut alocene, up aliþode.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9285 Illc an treo..Shall bi þe grund beon hæwenn upp.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10264 Ech tre were vp mored þat it ne spronge namore þere.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 104 Summe, to plese perkyn, pykeden vp þe weodes.
a1400–50 Alexander 409 Þis diuinour..ȝede..herbis to seche, Reft þam vp be þe rotis.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. viii. 14 Er the Canyculer, the hounde, ascende Haue vp the fern and seggis to be brende.
a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xiii. 29 Leest in weeding ye darnel, ye pluck vp also ye corn.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 16v A pike for to pike them [sc. vetches] vp, handsom to drie.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. iii. vi. 67 By tearing up the Trees by the Roots.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey to Jerusalem (1721) 144 In gathering their Corn..They pluck'd it up by handfuls from the roots.
1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 79 The Humour..of grubbing up every Tree in the Neighbourhood.
1841 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2 ii. 229 The turnips were taken up and carted.
d. From the stomach into, or out at, the mouth; out of the sea on to the shore, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [adverb] > ejected
upc1000
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 74 Wiþ þon ðe men blod upp wealle þurh his muð.
c1315 Shoreham Poems i. 778 He soffreþ wel to be kest op, And ȝet to be honoured.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 379 I glotoun girt it [sc. food] vp, er I hadde gone a myle.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 340 Þe whal wendez at his wylle & a warþe fyndez, & þer he brakez vp þe buyrne.
1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iijv We ete so gredyly..that otherwhyle we caste it vp agayn.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiii. f. 23 He immediately wolde vomite vp colar.
1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iv. f. 53 And miserably they reele, till as their stomacke vp they lay.
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. N3v Butter..fetcheth up fleame cloddered about the breast and lungs.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. iii. 56 Destiny..the neuer surfeited Sea, Hath caus'd to belch vp you! View more context for this quotation
1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir v. sig. L Fetch vp What thou hast swallowed.
1648 Hunting of Fox 36 Deadly Poyson, belch'd up by a Consistorian Schismatick.
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Reflect. Agric. iii. 43 in Compl. Gard'ner The Juggler, who..Vomits up so many several sorts of Water, all differing in Colour, Taste, and Smell.
1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 307 It is easy to judge of the Cause by the Substances which the Patient throws up.
1863 J. P. Robson Songs Bards of Tyne 433 Whey, she had bowk't the sma' beer up.
4.
a. So as to extend or rise to a higher point or level, esp. above the surface of the ground. With (a) intransitive and (b) transitive verbs.For the use with run, etc., in reference to plants, cf. sense 3b. With build, make (see to make up 1 at make v.1 Phrasal verbs 1, to make up 2 at Phrasal verbs 1), etc., restoration is frequently implied (cf. sense 20b).
ΚΠ
(a)
(b)971 Blickl. Hom. 127 Þonne is þær..geworht..up oþ mannes breost heah.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9204 Nu sket shall illc an dale beon All heȝhedd upp. & filledd.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4347 Þa þet work [sc. a castle] wes up iset. heom wes alles þa bet.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3023 Þe king..let rere up chirchen.1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 88 Whan he was at London, a haule he did vp wright.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Esdras ii. 17 Bilde we vp the wallis of Jerusalem.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Esdras iii. 1 Thei bilden vp the ȝatis of the floc.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 53 To him that Thebes ferst on hyh Up sette.c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 435 When that is drie, vp walle hit euery side In lyke maner.1479 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 390 That the seid howse be fenysshit, reryd and made upp.1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxv. 182 He stretched hym up and lyft his axe a lofte.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1535 Priam..byld vp a bygge towne of þe bare vrthe.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 173 Quhen he had bigit the wal wpe agane.1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Lll3/2 To run up..a Wall.1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 132 On either hand..groves of masts Shot up their spires.1788 J. May Jrnl. 19 July (1873) (modernized text) 86 To-day finished laying up the house, and put on the roof.1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 12 Oct. 642/2 The carpenters that knock up our hustings.1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. xi. 287 Here are lighthouses we have put up to prevent shipwrecks.a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 21 Dec. 222 On þam wæron þa wealdleðer swa upgetiged, swa swa hig urnon to heofenum up.
c1000 [see sense 26a(a)]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 305 A piler of liȝt þat stood up from his body into hevene.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis i. 173 As the Netle which up renneth The..Roses brenneth.
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Exod. ix. f. xvi The barly was shott vp [1611 King James in the eare] and the flaxe was boulled.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 75 If ye be delighted, too see new Carthage vp hoouering.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 288 There riseth up an high mount.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. ix. 32 The wheat and the rye..were not growen vp. View more context for this quotation
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 96 If Plants run up to Seed over-hastily.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 36 One..Plate of Adamant, shooting up to the Height of about two Hundred Yards.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at June Which will cause them [sc. lettuce] to run up, and not cabbage.
1840 N. Hawthorne Mrs. Hutchinson in Biogr. Sketches (1879) 173 The beams of the roof still wear the rugged bark with which they grew up in the forest.
1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? i. iv At the rear of the palace soars up the old Abbey.
1878 S. Smiles Robert Dick i. 3 It shoots up into a tall rocky point.
b. With indication of a point of measurement.
ΚΠ
1473–4 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 30 Brade clath for ij goonis and ij kirtillis..for the lyning of thaim fra the waist vpe.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1548 The walle..of marbill was most fro þe myddes vp.
1877 J. Ruskin St. Mark's Rest Suppl. i. 5 All the rest mere flat wall, wainscoted two-thirds up, eight feet or so.
c. So as to form a heap or pile, or become more prominent. (Also in figurative expressions.)See also to cast up 5 at cast v. Phrasal verbs, earth v. 3, to make up 2 at make v.1 Phrasal verbs 1, 4, puff v. 7, ridge v. 2, rise v. 16c, swell v. 2, to throw up 3 at throw v.1 Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adverb] > accumulatively > so as to form a heap or pile
up?1523
c1310 Prov. Hendyng 142 (Harl. 2253) Bynd þine tonge wiþ bonene wal; Let hit don synke, þer hit up swal.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. viiiv In the begynnyng of March rigge it vp agayn.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xvi. 4 Then shulde I heape vp wordes agaynst you.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Zech. ix. 3 Tyrus shal..heape vp syluer as the sonde.
1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 372 Ignoraunce doth..pile them vp one vpon another.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. K5v You muste needes heape vp no other but extremities vppon her.
1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. ii. 26 To the sinner hee giueth..to gather and to heape vp. View more context for this quotation
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 10 Your plants beginning now to peep, should be earthed up.
1718 F. Hutchinson Hist. Ess. conc. Witchcraft i. 8 They can huff up their Bellies, that they may seem much swell'd.
1751 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) II. 37 Some heap up riches.
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 109 To rise or bank up the Bed of the River.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Hot, Hott A small heap of any kind carelessly put up.
1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 37 The vessels become convoluted and swell up into a bunch.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 751 The sediment called smitham is taken out, and piled up in heaps.
5. figurative.1656 A. Cowley Chron. iii Till up in Arms my Passions rose, And cast away her yoke.
a. So as to raise or rise from a horizontal, relaxed, or drooping posture to an upright or nearly upright position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [adverb]
upOE
the world > space > relative position > posture > upright or erect posture > [adverb] > so as to raise to upright posture
upOE
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > [adverb] > so as to rise
upOE
OE Genesis 1675 [Hie] to heofnum up hlædræ rærdon.
a1240 Wohunge in Old Eng. Hom. I. 283 Nu raise þai up þe rode.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 399 Þey arered up þe baner of þe cros.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 22548 Þe tres forcastin sal þaim payn For to riht þaim op ogayn.
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Gen. xxviii. f. xliv Iacob..toke the stone..and pitched it vp an ende.
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vi. sig. E8 Capro reads,..Strokes vp his haire.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 117 The tayle is very long, at the end and turning vp like a Vipers tayle.
a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 152 God will..remove the weight..and let them get up their back long bowed.
1784 J. Potter Virtuous Villagers I. 51 She now and then bridled herself up a little in the..style of an old maid.
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene I. i. 9 The honourable spinster bridled up with indignation.
1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. June 342/2 The Doctor..drew himself up in offended dignity.
b. Upon one's feet from a recumbent or reclining posture; spec. out of bed.Also from a recumbent to a sitting posture: see to get up 1a at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to sit up 1a at sit v. Phrasal verbs 1, to sit up 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. With reference to the rising of the dead there may be an admixture of sense 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > [adverb] > from recumbent or reclining posture
upc900
(a)
(b)971 Blickl. Hom. 157 Þa ahof Drihten hie up & hie þa cyste.c1290 Beket 85 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 109 For Ioye heo ful a-doun i-swowe... Þe knaue hire op nam.a1300 Cursor Mundi 25743 Penance..quen we fall vp mai vs lifte.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 544 Thai..Heyffyt wp thar handis.1537 Bible (Matthew's) 2 Sam. xii. 17 The elders..went to him to take him vp from the erth.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. H3v He found the meanes that Prisoner vp to reare.1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 237 Eftsoones the Ape himselfe gan up to reare.1663 S. Pepys Diary 11 Sept. (1971) IV. 304 This morning, about 2 or 3 a-clock, knocked up in our backyard..I find it was the Constable and his watch.1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. i. 10 Time was, a sober Englishman wou'd knock His servants up, and rise by five a clock.1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xii. 100 [They] had raised up the Body of Jones, but..again let him fall. View more context for this quotation1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxi. 50 Behold a man raised up by Christ! View more context for this quotation1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists iii. 114 They knock up the surgeon.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 164 He [sc. a bear] will rear himself upon his hind-legs.1973 National Observer (U.S.) 3 Feb. 7/1 Fielding's guide-book considerately explains that a male host may quite casually tell a female American house guest that he will ‘knock you up at 7:30 tomorrow morning’. The term, of course, conveys nothing more than a rapping at the door until one is awakened.figurative.1644 T. Case Gods Rising 3 It is the duty of Gods people, to pray him up, when he seems to be down.c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1899) v. xii. 613/2 On dagunge he eft acwicode & sæmnunga upp [v.r. up heh] asæt.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8363 He ras upp. & toc þe child...& for till issraæless land.
a1250 Owl. & Night. 731 Clerekes, munekes, & canunes..Ariseþ vp to middelnyhte.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3238 Þat deor up astod and ræsde o þene stede.
c1325 Spec. Gy Warw. 251 Vp he ros þe þridde day.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ii. 13 The aungel of the Lord apperide in sleep to Joseph, sayynge, Ryse vp,..and flee in to Egipt.
a1400–50 Alexander 5055 Sone as þe day-rawe rase he risis vp belyue.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 5779 Menescen was feld, but op he ros.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras ii. 12 I gat me vp in ye night season.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. v. 3 Whan they rose vp early on the nexte morowe, they founde Dagon lyenge on his face.
1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik l. 537 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 276 In ane myr he fell..Ȝeit gat he vp.
1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime iii. 14 Euery morning the fift houre summons them vp.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 282 Lightly from his grassy Couch up rose Our Saviour. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 61 Being thus gotten up, he look'd out.
1803 Med. Jrnl. 520 The patients..endeavoured to get up, and to remain out of bed.
1865 L. Oliphant Piccadilly (1870) 317 I went to bed, and did not get up till the lamps were being lighted in Piccadilly.
c. So as to rise from a sitting, stooping, or kneeling posture and assume an erect attitude.See also to get up 1a at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to get up 5a at Phrasal verbs 1, help v. 6, leap v. 4, to stand up 1a at stand v. Phrasal verbs 1. For up and——, see sense 33.
ΚΠ
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 7 Se hælend abeah nyþer;..þa aras he upp.
c1290 Beket 1371 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 145 Seint thomas wolde op arise: Men beden him sitte a-doun.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1803 Coryneus first vp he stirt, & wyþ a cloþ his body gyrt.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 240 Þo lhip op þe mayster and him keste.
a1400–50 Alexander 82 Artaxenses is..resyn vp with all his rewme to ride vs agayn.
a1400–50 Alexander 2074 Þan pullis him vp þe proude kyng.
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.i With that dame Iustyce vp arose.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xiii. f. xcix [The] woman..was bowed to gether, and coulde nott well lifte vp her silfe.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxiii. C Yet get the vp, and be doynge.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras ii. 20 We..are gotten vp, & are buyldinge.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 258 Up I sprung,..and upright Stood on my feet. View more context for this quotation
1795 H. Macneill Scotland's Skaith v. vii Up he bang'd; and..Sad and silent took the road.
1802 J. Leyden Cout of Keeldar xiv A wee man..Up started by a cairn.
1877 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 82 The rebel may stand up in bold defiance.
6. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 52 From Mineheved up along the Severne Shore to Stoke Gurcy.1600 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 194 The voyage..vp into the Bay of Saint Laurence..as farre as the Isle of Assumption.1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World i. 5 We..might have gone up into the River, having a strong tyde of flood.1764 Pres. St. Navig. Thames 33 The Price of Carriage thro'..Locks, up even to Wallingford, might also be adjusted.1790 J. Bruce Trav. Source Nile I. 48 They border upon another large tribe.., which extends from thence up into Nubia.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 707 Up along, sailing from the mouth of the channel upwards.1881 J. Hatton New Ceylon v. 136 The voyage up, with the trade goods, is done in a canoe.† c. On shore; from the sea; at land. Obsolete.
a. So as to mount or rise by gradual ascent, in contact with a surface, to a higher level or altitude; sometimes spec. = up-stairs.
ΚΠ
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. vii. 38 Þa astah se..Godes andettere mid þa menigeo on þa dune upp.
944 Charter in Sweet A.S. Reader (1908) 57 Ðonne of ðam þornum up on ða lytlan dune middewearde.
991 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 286 Þeh..þa menn up ætberstan into þære byrig.
OE Beowulf 2893 Heht ða þæt heaðoweorc to hagan biodan up ofer ecgclif.
c1000 Ælfric Numbers xiv. 40 Sona on ærne merien [hy] astigon gewæpnode up to ðære dune.
a1066 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 221 Ðæt Urk min huskarl habbe his strand..upp of sæ and ut on sæ.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12880 Beduer..up a-stæh þene munt.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. v. 1 Jhesus forsothe, seynge cumpanyes, wente vp in to an hill.
c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 378 As rody and bright as dooth the yonge sonne That in the Ram is four degrees vp ronne.
1487–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 136 To William paris for amendyng of the floores in the house vppon the steyer, and for beryng vp of ijo sackes sonde.
1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1538) 76 Yf a rude fellowe shulde breake vp into the kynges priue chambre.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4978 Goand vp by degres þurgh mony gay Alys.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Accliuis Trames accliuis, a way goyng vp against a hill.
1656 Manasseh ben Israel Vindiciæ Judæorum i. 15 He went up into a belcony in the palace.
1713 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 10 Feb. (1948) II. 618 Stearne..has been often to see me he says; but my Man has not yet let him up.
1753 World 37 There is hardly a chambermaid that will bring me up a bottle of water into my room.
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 3 Shew him up;..he generally calls about this hour.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iv, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 23 The moving Moon went up the sky And no where did abide: Softly she was going up.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 210 Widow Butler's bull-seg, that I used to see spieling up on my bed.
1844 E. B. Browning Lost Bower ii Summer-snow of apple blossoms running up from glade to glade.
1884 Harper's Mag. Jan. 211/2 You keep on plunging up and up until you are worn out.
b. To a higher point on or within a river, channel, etc., or a point further from the sea. Cf. up prep.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adverb] > up-river
up847
abovec1330
upstream1681
up-river1848
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adverb] > away from
up847
from the shoreward1582
uplanda1674
offshore1720
847 in Old Eng. Texts 434 Ðonne up on broc oð heottes dic.
c900 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) ann. 893 On þa ea hi tugon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald.
935 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. V. 220 Upp andlang Ocerburnan to halelan mærscæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > [adverb]
upc893
alanda1225
onshore1567
acoast1579
ashore1631
offshore1961
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. x. §10 He..up comon æt Leptan þæm tune.
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xxv. 58 On þyssum ealande com upp..Agustinus.
OE Beowulf 224 Þanon up hraðe Wedera leode on wang stigon.
OE Beowulf 1920 Het þa up beran æþelinga gestreon.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1014 Cnut..com to Sandwic, & let þær up þa gislas þe his fæder gesealde wæron.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 Þa þe heo comen on midden þere se, þa wes þet godes folc up of þere se agan.
c1290 Beket 1796 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 158 At douere were kniȝtes ȝare..Sone ase he come op þere al aredi him to quelle.
c1290 Beket 1799 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 158.
c1350 St. Mary Magd. 478 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 86 Þe weders fand þai gude and gayne, So þat þai raue up in Romayne.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. Rolls Ser. VII. 87/1 Þe navy of Danes rove up at Sandwyche [Sandwicum appulit].
c1440 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Thornton) (1965) 1338 Þis fayre naue..passed the see; In Artasse vp þay raffe.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2017 Þai..Past into port,..Lepyn vp to þe lond, leuyn þere ship.
d. In conventional uses, esp. in contrast to down adv. 3 (See also 26c.)
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xx. 18 Loo! we gon vp to Jerusalem.]
?1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 156 I com hoppe [= to London]..and grette nede I hadde now of you.
1516 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 15 If I shulde com up to London the next terme.
1518 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 129 The Inhabitauntes..sent vpp the seid John power..to make further Sute..for Redresse.
1537 Lett. & Papers Henry VIII XII. i. 10 [They] marvel that..Sir George should ryde huppe at this time.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. vi. sig. F2v Shee's come vp here, of purpose To learne the fashion. View more context for this quotation
1668 A. Marvell Let. 7 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 68 Also they haue sent for the Lt governor of Chester he hauing writ up news that an Apothecary of that town had [etc.].
1707 London Gaz. No. 2306/3 They came out of Ireland,..but met with a violent Storm that put them up as high as Lundy.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 255 The great..Gulph, which goes up to Siam.
1783 Ld. Percy in G. Rose Diaries (1860) I. 59 I shall be three days in going up [to London].
1794 Bp. Hay in Ushaw Mag. Dec. (1913) 284 He took the opportunity of my company to..go up with me. His business in London [etc.].
1820 Examiner No. 615. 57/2 Pope..resolved to go up to London.
1850 R. Browning Christmas-eve iv. 15 The thump-thump..Of the train..up from Manchester.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lvii. 556 Four horses out there for the next stage up! Quick!
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 88 Goes through it every day of my life [says the coach-guard]. Twenty minutes afore twelve down, ten o'clock up.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. Introd. 2 He..did not go up to reside at Oxford till the end of the following January.
e. Nautical. To windward.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [adverb] > to windward
aloofa1535
a-weather1589
up1591
1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. B2 The ships that wer vnder his lee luffing vp, also laid him aborde.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxvii. 15 The ship..could not beare vp into the winde. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 3 Beare vp, & boord em'. View more context for this quotation
1633 Breton's Poste with Packet Madde Lett. (rev. ed.) i. 6 My state being so downe the winde, that I know not how to set saile vp in the weather.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 17 He cannot put up the Helmne.
1720 London Gaz. No. 5827/1 He beat up to Windward.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Bearing up We say, up to windward and down to leeward.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. v. 158 I..put the helm up.
1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. xvi. 250 This..brought the ship up in the wind.
1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 78 Put the helm down and bring her up into the wind.
7.
a. So as to direct the sight to a higher point or level. (Cf. 26b)See also to cast up 4 at cast v. Phrasal verbs, heave v. 1, lift v. 5, to look round 1 at look v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. ix. 290 [He] locade up in heofon.
971 Blickl. Hom. 123 Þa hy þa up on þone heofon..locodan.
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 79 Ne erigas [oculos tuos], ne ðu up ne arer [ðine eagan].
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 41 Se hælend ahof upp his eagan.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) John xi. 41 And Jhesus lifte vp hise iȝen, and seide [etc.].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21393 Constantin..lok up, and in þat sight He sagh þar cristis cros ful bright.
c1420 Anturs of Arth. 356 He gliffed vp with his eighen, þat grey were and grete.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 31 Beholde not þe erth, but lyfte yowr ey wppe.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xl. 12 My synnes haue taken soch holde vpon me, that I am not able to loke vp.
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis v. 122 His turn'd-vp eyes.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 62 He could only look up, and see that it was a clear Star-light Night.
1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 61 Looking up, he saw her features bright.
1854 A. Jameson Bk. of Th. (1877) 13 It is good for us to look up, morally and mentally.
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 39 His eyes..cast up to count the peaches on the wall.
b. So as to cause sound to ascend, increase, or swell. (Cf. 11b)See also to give up 6 at give v. Phrasal verbs 1, to pipe up at pipe v.1 Phrasal verbs, raise v.1 14, 22, to set up 3 at set v.1 Phrasal verbs 2, to speak up 2 at speak v. Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adverb] > increase of loudness
upc897
swellingly1879
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xv. 91 Hefe up ðine stefne sua ðes bime.
OE Beowulf 128 Þa wæs æfter wiste wop up ahafen, micel morgensweg.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5627 Scottes huuen up muchelne ræm.
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 1120 Vp he yaf a roryng and a cry.
a1400 Northern Passion 257 Ilkone kest vppe a grete cry.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. iii. 52 Thenne sawe I two spirites that liften vp a wondre hidous crye.
14.. Tundale's Vis. (1843) 2302 And or he spake any thyng He lyfte up a greyt sykyng.
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxxvi. 283 He made hys trompettes to blow vp, that euery man shuld be armed.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxvjv Then vp blewe the Trumpettes..on bothe sides.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. F4 Who sometimes rayseth vp his voice to the height of the heauens.
1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine ii. vi. 28 Sound drummes & trumpets, sound vp cheerfully.
1611 Bible (King James) Job iii. 8 Let them curse it.., who are ready to raise vp their mourning. View more context for this quotation
1617 W. Mure Misc. Poems xxi. 5 Raise vp thy voice and..proclaime A greater subject.
1869 T. Hughes Alfred the Great i. 8 This cry..has been going up from all sections of English society.
1890 Murray's Mag. Oct. 556 A shriek has gone up as to the wickedness of carrying cattle upon deck.
II. In figurative and transferred applications.Under the following heads are placed only those figurative uses which admit of being classified under some general concept. Further illustration will usually be found under the verbs most commonly occurring in the various phrases, together with many special uses which are confined to one or other of those verbs (see e.g. to bring up at bring v. Phrasal verbs 1, to cast up at cast v. Phrasal verbs, to come up at come v. Phrasal verbs 1, to draw up at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1, etc.). Some uncertainty attaches to the origin and development of many of these uses, the variety of which is so great that the adverb comes to present a number of highly divergent and even directly opposite senses, e.g. to bind up (sense 19) in contrast with to break up (sense 21b).elliptical.1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 216 May we not order your horses up [= to be stabled]? You must not think of going.
8.
a. From a lower to a higher status in respect of position, rank, or affluence. (Cf. to set up 10 at set v.1 Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adverb] > with rise in prosperity, power, or rank
upc825
c825 Vesp. Psalter xxxvi. 34 Dryhten..hefeð up ðe þæt ðu ineardie eorðan.
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §11 Þy læs hi for longum gesælðum hi to up ahæbben.
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xlviii. (heading) Þæt hy hy upp ne ahofen for heora welum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10881 Wha se shall i crisstenndom. Beon hofenn upp. & hadedd. Till bisscopp. orr till unnderrpreost.
c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 683 From humble bed to roial magestee Vp roos he, Iulius the Conquerour.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 355 He suffrede no man to stye up to..[that] manere dignitee.., but he were wel i-lettred.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxv. 280 Whan he was thus I-lifte up, his herte was enhaunsed in pride.
c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. lxiii. 145 Sonne, be war þat þou dispute not..why þis is so gretly peyned, & he is so excellently lifte up.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 71v Yf he see that fortune raise and bring up somother of lower degre.
1530 W. Tyndale Pract. Prelates sig. Bviv When ye bishopes office began..to be honorable, then the deakons..clam vp therunto.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 425 I am come up, as a man is that from povertie is come to rychesse..He his mervaylously come up within a yere or two.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xxi. 4 When Ioram came vp ouer his fathers kyngdome.
1561 T. Hoby Breef Rehersall in tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer sig. Zz.ii No[t] to seeke to come vp by any naughtie or subtill practise.
1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 223 This one steppe will not bring you vppe a steppe higher.
1658 Trad. Mem. K. Jas. G ij By what steps the Puritans got up, and the old Clergy degenerated.
a1689 W. Cleland Coll. Poems (1697) 127 Now down with the Confounded Whiggs..For Hey Boies up go Wee.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds vii. 99 We are getting up in the world.
b. Into (greater) repute, credit, or estimation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > [adverb] > into (greater) repute
up1627
1627 M. Drayton Miseries Queene Margarite in Battaile Agincourt 67 When she vp is cride; Of all Angellique excellence the Prime.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 65 Oh how doth it cry up Christ, in the world, that he hath such servants.
1707 G. Hickes Two Treat. Pref. p. ccxi Instead of writing up the other Protestant Churches to the Church of England.
1741 tr. Marquis d'Argens Chinese Lett. xx. 137 Men, who preach up nothing but Patience, Humility, Obedience.
1863 W. E. Gladstone Let. 28 Sept. in J. Morley Life Gladstone II. v. vi. 99 [Queen Victoria] spoke..of Roundell Palmer; I had a good opportunity of speaking him up.
1871 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 146 A preacher-up of Nature.
9.
a. To a higher spiritual or moral level or object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [adverb] > to higher level
upc888
up a gear1971
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §6 Se mann ana gæþ uprihte; þæt tacnað þæt he sceal ma þencan up þonne nyðer.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2754 Vpp inn till heȝhe mahhtess.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2749 Swa þatt hiss herrte iss hofenn upp. To follȝhenn godess wille.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9342 Holdeþ vp to god..ȝoure þoȝt.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxii. 6 Þou has purged my hert, and liftid vp to haf þe ioy of contemplacioun.
a1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 552 Hef vp ȝor hertes in-to heuen.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. giiii It heueth and lyfteth vp, the spyrite to God.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xxv. 1 Vnto the (o Lorde) I lift vp my soule.
1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. i. sig. B4 To haue..our mindes lifted vp to the heavens.
a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1711) III. 410 It is a good while before we can get up our hearts from earth to heaven.
b. To a state of greater cheerfulness, confidence, resolution, etc.See also to clear up at clear v. Phrasal verbs, for various senses of clear up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > [adverb] > to a state of greater resolution
up1297
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adverb] > to a state of greater cheerfulness
up1297
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9336 Ȝoure herten hebbeþ vp... Hopieþ al on god.
13.. Sir Beues 631 Þo his bodi be-gan to smerte, He gan plokken vp is hertte.
?a1425 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 34 Into the churche when thou dost gon, Pulle uppe thy herte to Crist, anon.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 65 Heue vp þyn hert, and make mery.
1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes ii. ii. 108 Gabriel with comfortable words did lifte vp the blessed virgin.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. G Harten vp your men.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 113 My soueraigne Lord, cheere vp your selfe, look vp. View more context for this quotation
c1600 W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 191 O thow..that rayses vp my courage and abaites.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. xiii. 291 The Man of Raillery..shall instantly brighten up, and assume a familiar Air.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 229 He brightens up and is wide awake when Homer is..recited.
1894 S. Baring-Gould Kitty Alone II. 116 I really could not pluck up courage to do so.
c. Into a state of activity, commotion, excitement, or ferment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > [adverb] > into a state of excitement
up1340
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb] > briskly or actively > in a bustling or fussing manner > into a state of bustle or fuss
up1340
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 487 Stiue stormus of þe wind stiren vp þe wawus.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Luke viii. 24 Then wente they vnto him [sc. Christ], and waked him vp.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xxxii. 11 As an Aegle stereth vp hir nest, and flotereth ouer hir yonge.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 76 Sa gret appetite and wil of beiring rule did fyre wpe, and inflame baith the peples.
1679 Trials of Green etc. for Murder of Sir E. Godfrey 39 I was in the Parlor and stirred up the fire.
1689 E. Stillingfleet Serm. (1698) III. iii. 120 To work up a heated..Imagination to the Fancy of Raptures.
1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. ii. 118 Finding the People were blown up again to their former Animosity.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 684 Stir up and dress the soil of flowers and shrubs in pots.
a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. vi. 71 If I were to hear any body speak slightingly of you, I should fire up in a moment. View more context for this quotation
a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I i, in Wks. (1870) II. 376 Their sounds..Rouse up the astonished air.
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 166 ‘Stir 'em up with a long pole, as the fellow does with the beestes,’ alludes to the bellowings of these latter.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 261 She fired up at the arrogance of the squire.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xviii. 471 It is best..to effect the mixture..by stirring up the mass lightly with a pointed stick or a fork.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. ii. 260 Stir him up with the long pole, Jack, and hear him swear like a drunken sailor.
1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 59 The mountain, as usual, fired up.
1901 Scribner's Mag. Apr. 407/2 Work the crowds up,..but don't get caught yourselves.
1912 C. Johnston Why World Laughs 2 Whenever the dance showed signs of flagging, the policeman stirred them up with a long pole.
d. To or at a greater or higher speed, rate, amount, etc.See also to come up 1e at come v. Phrasal verbs 1, to get up 3b at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to run up 9b at run v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > [adverb] > to or at greater speed
up1538
acceleratedly1753
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Equus citatus, a horse taken vp.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Equus To fetch vp with the spurre.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 126 Whose sharpenes & torment..wil so quicken your horse vp..that [etc.].
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 474 They gore and spurre up the Ass.
1677 in C. E. Pike Essex Papers (1913) II. 130 Upon the late new letting it [sc. the Excise], they had..bid up very high upon the present farms.
1839 A. Somerville Hist. Brit. Legion xi. 236 Flogging the men up, to prevent their falling into the hands of the wandering guerillas.
1883 R. C. Praed Moloch I. i. iv. 79 Wool would go up a penny a pound.
1892 Standard 9 Feb. 5/3 Beef and mutton will ‘go up’ for a time.
1900 E. Glyn Visits of Elizabeth (1906) 105 Carry had better hurry up and get that house in Park Street.
10. To or towards mature age, or proficiency in some art, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adverb] > towards maturity
upa900
a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 21 Oct. 192 [Hilarion] wæs up cymen in Palestina.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 1625 He was norysshut vp in þat place.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxvii. 98 The child, whiche hadde be secretely nourisshed and brought vp cam to his enherytaunce.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 112 And so he dide, and put his owe sone..to be norisshed vp with a-nother woman.
1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII iii. §1 To enduce and lern theym and bryng them uppe in shotyng.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) cvi. sig. E*viv It semeth wel this people dyd neuer nourysh you vp.
1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 207 To take apon hym the Craftes of Bakyng and bruyng where in he was neuer brought vp.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth i. 13 Though I shulde saye: I hope this night to take an huszbande & to brynge forth children, yet coulde ye not tary till they were growne vp.
1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 50 Fosterit, teachit, and brocht vp in continuall exercise.
1597 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 172 My mynde is that he shalbe brought up in learnynge.
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxii. 6 Traine vp a childe in the way he should goe. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. i. 2 I haue nourished and brought vp children. View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 105. ¶4 A Man who has been brought up among Books.
1712 E. Budgell Spectator No. 313. ¶16 As soon as they were grown up to be Men.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 166 Nurse of a people, in misfortune's school Train'd up to hardy deeds.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 554 We are brought up to sense of fear only, and not of gratitude.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. vii. 245 When he saw me grown up to the age of fifteen.
1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. i. 6 If he did not mean the girls to grow up the greatest gossips in the neighbourhood.
1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 11 As soon as they begin to grow up and pass from infancy to youth.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 226 The doctrines in which he had been brought up.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 180 His children, one of whom is growing up.
1879 C. M. Yonge Magnum Bonum I. 290 She'll be governessed up, and kept to lessons all day.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 70/1 The ordinary farmer brings up a lot of calves every year.
1894 H. Caine Manxman 3 He had been brought up to no profession.
11.
a. Into existence, prominence, vogue, or currency; so as to appear or prevail.See also blaze v.1 3 (quot. 1878), to get up 4c at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, rise v. 7a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > [adverb] > into existence
upOE
in ure1470
a-sprout1880
on stream1965
(a)
(b)c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16840 Þeȝȝ..hofenn þurrh hemm sellfenn upp..Settnessess hu mann birrde..godess laȝhe follȝhenn.1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 37 Somme murthes to make,..And fynde vp foule fantesyes.a1400–50 Alexander 829* Nicholas..Had rasyd vp a rode hoste.1443 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 86/2 To the quhilkis we..gert chese upe ane assise of the barony.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xxxvi. 15 Geue wytnes vnto thy creature..and rayse vp the prophecies that haue bene shewed in thy name.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxviijv Suche as eyther Reyse vp new customes, or extorte that is forboden.1568 H. Charteris Pref. Lyndesay's Wks. (E.E.T.S.) 6* God raisit vp in Ingland, Iohne Uicleif.1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 6 We acknowledge them to haue been raised vp of God, for the building and furnishing of his Church.1637 T. Heywood Royall King ii. iv Cannot all this stirre his impatience up?1645 J. Ussher Body of Divinitie 362 That God..would raise up faithfull and painfull Ministers.1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 47. ¶ 5 Stirrers up of Laughter among Men of a gross Taste.1729 J. Gay Polly i. ix. 15 When kings by their huffing Have blown up a squabble.1832 H. Martineau Demerara i. 10 A few..sluggards who had not put up their appearance at the proper hour.1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 737 Why couldn't we get up a play?1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xiii. §111. 370 The meteorologic processes eventually set up in the Earth's atmosphere.1870 H. Kingsley Hillyars & Burtons lxxvi It is your grandfather's will. I..drew it up.OE Andreas (1932) 1236 Storm upp aras æfter ceasterhofum, cirm unlytel hæðnes heriges.
c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxx. 61 Ic eom hælende crist þe..gedyde þæt leoht up asprang.
c1055 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 306 Of þissum syx tidum aspringð up bissextus.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 211 Amidde þe redunge..kimeð up andeuociun.
c1410 Lanterne of Liȝt 28 Liȝt is vp spronngen to þe riȝtwise.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (Rolls) 246 Thus miche is ynouȝ..forto knowe how ydolatrie came up.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. vi. 22 As for wyszdome, what she is, and how she came vp, I wil tell you.
1549 Latimer's Serm. (Arb.) ii. To Rdr. 51 Belyke they [termes] wer not used and commen up in his time.
1556 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 246 The fire got up.
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 51 Anon Boniface of Rome the third of that name steart up.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 77 Upoun what uther trifeling questionis..the war brak up, we omitt to wryte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. vi. 80 A holy Prophetesse, new risen vp. View more context for this quotation
a1679 J. Ward Diary (1839) 297 Round knitt capps were the auncient mode before hatts came upp.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ii. 63 Before they were a Month in Town, great Shoulder-knots came up.
1704 N. N. tr. T. Boccalini Advts. from Parnassus I. 255 Hoping a Card might turn up to better their Fortunes.
1833 A. Crichton Hist. Arabia I. 216 Sabellians, Valentinians, and a host of obscurer sects, all rose up.
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. vi. 220 We shall have new men cropping up every session.
1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. I. ix. 161 This gentleman, who died not long after policemen came up.
1882 A. Griffiths Chron. Newgate (1884) I. 13 As usual the difficulty of providing funds cropped up.
1902 T. W. Webber Forests Upper India xiii. 156 Dinner ready... Smyth, however, had not turned up.
b. So as to be heard. (Cf. 7b.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adverb]
outc1230
strongly1340
aloudc1390
in one's hearinga1425
audiently1480
audibly1564
upa1723
a1723 in Child Ballads III. 135/2 Speak up, jolly blade, never fear.
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. lxiv As when..a burnish'd fly..Tunes up amid these airy halls his song.
1802 J. Leyden Ld. Soulis lii in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border Then up bespake him, true Thomas.
1853 Public School Matches 10 The bell from the Pavilion strikes up.
12.
a. To the notice or consideration of a person or body of persons (spec. of one in authority).See also to call up 2 at call v. Phrasal verbs 1, 1b, to show up 3 at show v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > offering for inspection or consideration > [adverb]
upa1122
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1052 Þær bær Godwine eorl up his mal.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iv. 34 Þanne com pes into þe parlement & putte vp a bille.
1414 Rolls of Parl. IV. 22 Or the Petitions biforesaid yeven up yn writing.
1439 Rolls of Parl. V. 9 In a Petition putte up to the Kyng.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xlvii. 69 To hasty in takynge ony newe thynges brought vp.
1529 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 34 The byll of compleynt..put vppe to the Kynges highnes.
1559 Abp. E. Sandys Let. 30 Apr. in Abp. M. Parker Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 66 We are forced..to give up a confession of our own faith.
1585 in Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. (1914) 111 Th' acte..being then sent up by the comens to the lords.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iii. ii. sig. F I haue a prayer or two, to offer vp.
c1633 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) 400/2 Ane paper which they send wpe to ȝour Majestie.
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 18 The putting up of our Praiers.
1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. Introd. 5 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland It would be Folly for Men to send up Prayers to a God that is not present to hear them.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) i. ii. 8 The sentence will be sent up to the Doge.
1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 504 The writ went up to the Lords.
1884 Bright in Times 5 Aug. 10/4 When a Bill leaves the House of Commons it has gone up to the House of Lords.
b. Before a judge, magistrate, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [adverb] > before a judge or magistrate
upc1440
c1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 113 Calle vppe Astrotte and A To giffe þer counsaille in þis case.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 121 Som tyme..þer was a fysscher þat was a fornicatur, & on a tyme he was ferd to be putt vp at þe sene [L. in synodo accusari].
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 251 So the Fellow was had up, and Frank was had up for a Witness.
1753 World 30 Aug. 110 I was unfortunately called up to give evidence against him.
1821 W. Scott Pirate III. xv. 329 Cleveland and Altamont..were brought up the first of the pirate crew.
1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 170 He was next day pulled up before the big wigs.
1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi vi. 142 The first native..refused to sell his fowls at the Government prices [and] was hauled up before the irate commandant.
c. So as to divulge, reveal, disclose, or let out.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > [adverb]
into opena1382
up1593
revealingly1846
apocalyptically1848
1593 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1833) I. 59 That [the names of] all excommunicatis..be gevin wp this daye viij dayes.
a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Queene of Corinth i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaa2v/2 Ile not stale them By giving up their characters.
1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 325/2 A long article in the Quarterly Theological Review has fairly shown up the Yankee divine.
1880 A. Trollope Duke's Children xxxv If you own up in a genial sort of way the House will forgive anything.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxiii. 285 If his two companions in accusation would not own up.
d. As a charge or accusation. (Cf. upbraid v.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [adverb] > as an accusation
up1604
chargeably1652
1604 Glasgow Kirk Sess. Rec. in Hist. Glasgow (1881) xvii. 149 To speak ill of the dead or to cast up their demerits.
1611 Bible (King James) Num. xiv. 36 Bringing vp a slander vpon the land. View more context for this quotation
1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) 74 Bring up against [a person],..to accuse, to charge with.
1890 Universal Rev. 15 Oct. 198 The children in the street throws it up against me I ain't got no father.
13.
a. Into the hands or possession of another.See also deliver v.1 10, to give up 1 at give v. Phrasal verbs 1, to give up 2 at Phrasal verbs 1, resign v.1 2, yield v. 10a, 14b, 16.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > [adverb] > into the hands of another
up1132
out1443
1132 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) [The king] dide him gyuen up ðet abbotrice of Burch.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 134 Al..cweðen hire þe meistrie & te menske al up.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 15879 He deliuered his maister vp.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 10220 All þair giftes þai ȝeld vp þar [Trin. Cambr. Offerede vp her ȝiftes].
a1400–50 Alexander 758 Oþire recouyre me þi rewme or reche vp þe girdill.
c1400 Brut cl. 162 Here y resyngn op þe crone..of Engeland into þe Popis Hande.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 302 And so, as tretourys, þei ȝeuyn vp þe castel of god.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 46 After the geuyng vp of the sayd Citie.
1588–9 Act 31 Eliz. c. 6 §2 For the levinge or resignyng upp of the same.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 309 He has deuoted and giuen vp himselfe to the contemplation..of her parts and graces. View more context for this quotation
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. i. 98 To th' water side I must conduct your Grace; Then giue my Charge vp to Sir Nicholas Uaux. View more context for this quotation
a1690 Bp. E. Hopkins Expos. Lord's Prayer (1692) 47 That his Mediatory Kingdom being fulfilled, it might be delivered up unto the Father.
a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) II. 48 Those..who do not surrender themselves up to the Methods it prescribes.
1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 20 He..yielded himself up a prisoner.
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. 281 They were assured that no harm should befal them if they gave up Bessus.
1890 Spectator 30 Aug. 273/2 That rich yield-up of the land that speaks of such abundant future provision.
b. So as to relinquish, abandon, or forsake.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > [adverb]
upc1290
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 211 He was neiȝ ope þe pointe þene gost op to ȝelde.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 413 Þanne he awook and ȝalde up þe goost.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 13252 For thi wyff this werre be-gan, We ȝeue it vp here euery a man.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 50 Jhesus eftsoone..ȝaf vp the goost.
1457 J. Hardyng Chron. in Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. (1912) 747 Whan enmyse gafe vp pese..As lyon fell he putte hym forth in prese.
?1510 T. More tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. c.i He myght ere he gaue vp the goste, receyue his full draught of loue and compassion.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 478/2 She hath ben his soverayne lady, this tenne yeres, and nowe he casteth her up.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 129 Hauing taken out the artillerie, goods, victuals, and gold..We gaue her vp, 25. degrees by North the line.
1596 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 88 James Low..said, in his last wordis, befoir he gef wp his braitht [etc.].
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. iv. ii. i. 765 He..married wiues, and turned them vp as he thought fit.
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xii. 1) 101 Many follow God..as a dog doth his master, till he meet with carrion; and then turn him up.
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheism in Coll. Philos. Writings (1712) iii. ii. 89 For his unserviceableness he was..turned up loose in the pasture.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. iii. 225 Bad games are thrown-up too soon, Until th' are never to be won.
1885 Punch 13 June So turn up the job,..And leave it to me!
1893 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 10 June 532/3 After one disastrous round..I intimated to the champion my intention to turn it up.
14. Into a receptacle or place of storage, as for security, convenience, or use when required.See also store v. 4b, and for special senses, to knock up 7 at knock v. Phrasal verbs, to lay up 3 at lay v.1 Phrasal verbs –to lay up 7 at lay v.1 Phrasal verbs, to put up 1a(a) at put v. Phrasal verbs 1, to set up 41 at set v.1 Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [adverb]
upc1290
away1567
c1290 St. Kenelm 262 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 352 Þis writ was wel nobleliche i-wust and up i-do.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 232 Þeruore ssel þet tresor by..well y-do op, þet his ne by uorlore.
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 184 Gret tresouris vp to leyne.
a1400 Coer de L. 6770 He..stablede up hys destrers.
c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint unto Pity 54 I have put my complaynt up ageyn, For to my foes my bille I dar not shewe.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d Thai..Put vp thair brandis sa braid burly and bair.
1539 Bible (Great) Matt. vi. 19 Laye not vp for your selues treasure vpon earth.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 93 Thy gudness and beningnitie..; Thow lay thame vp with me in stoir.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. ii. 60 Keepe vp your bright swords, for the dew will rust em.
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 470 The flowers of Marigolds,..pickled vp against winter.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes ii. §12. 148 God doth sometimes treasure up the sinnes of predecessours.
1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion Praise of Ep. iv Riches,..Which Knaves hoard up.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Rusca Butyri A Tub, or Barrel of Butter salted up.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 50 Then they are reckon'd in a right State for Barrelling up for the Markets.
1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 36 I just applied simple dressing,..putting him up in blankets, with no hope of his recovery.
1867 H. Spencer First Princ. (ed. 2) ii. xiii. §104. 301 Those highly-compounded nitrogenous molecules in which so much motion is locked up.
1879 H. George Progress & Poverty i. ii. 36 The heat of the sun is stored up in coal.
15. Into one's possession, charge, custody, etc.See also to get up 7a at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to pick up 3a at pick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1, to take up 6 at take v. Phrasal verbs 1, to take up 9 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [adverb]
upa1400
a1400–50 Alexander 760 Þan set þai þam..a day.., And þar-to tuke vp þaire trouthis.
1479 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 15 I am avysyd to take oppe at London as meche as I schall nede.
1482 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 122 To lette hym [= a horse] ron in a parke tyll Hallowtyd and then take hym wpe.
1667 Guthrie's Christian's Great Interest (ed. 4) 58 A man may take up his gracious state by his faith, and the acting thereof on Christ.
1674 Pennsylvania Arch. I. 33 Permission is hereby granted..for to take vp a certaine peice of land for himself and his heires.
1697 M. Prior Epist. to F. Shephard 21 Now, as you took me up when little, Gave me my Learning, and my Vittle.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 204. ⁋6 He has taken up a Resolution.
1712 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 Mar. (1948) II. 507 To get up his debts abroad.
1751 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) I. iii. 45 His servants..being employed in gathering up the Tares.
1752–3 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 21 After having gleaned up all I could..at School.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 149 One of his boys was taken up amongst the rioters.
1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 68 The crops having been got up, the land is..sown with wheat.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 266 If ‘got up’ damp, it [barley] is liable to generate excessive heat.
16. Into the position or state of being open.Originally implying the raising of a gate, barrier, etc. For the figurative use of open up, see to open up at open v. Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > [adverb]
upc1275
overtly1601
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 854 Vp heo duden heora castels ȝæten.
c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 1115 Horn gan to þe yate turne, And þe wyket op spurne.
a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 783* Þe wy..Brades vppe þe brade ȝate.
c1400 Gamelyn 311 Gamelyn ȝede to þe ȝate & lete it vp wide.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 613 And vp the wyndow dide he hastely.
c1450 Le Morte Arth. 1839 The chamber dore he sette vp ryght.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 778 He..gert all wyde set vp the ȝet.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. xi. 32 He that..Thyr ȝettis suld vp oppin and warp wyd.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxii. 501 With great axes they brake vp the dore.
c1600 W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 183 Blist be that houer..that opned vp the wyndowes to disdayne.
1639 Sir E. Verney in V. Papers (1853) 233 I have broaken upp my packett againe to insert this letter.
1796 A. Wilson Watty & Meg 6 Up the door flew—like a fury, In came Watty's scawlin' wife.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) Set up the door.
17.
a. Into an open or loose condition of surface.See also to break up 6 at break v. Phrasal verbs, break v. 2g, to cut up 5 at cut v. Phrasal verbs, to dig up 3 at dig v. Phrasal verbs, plough v. 9e, to rip up at rip v.1 Phrasal verbs 1, to turn up 4a at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > [adverb] > in or into incohesive condition
up1377
incompactly1846
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 109 Dikeres & delueres digged vp þe balkes.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. ii. 74 The lond vnclene al doluen up mot be.
1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. B.iiii In Ianuary husbandes..will breake vp their lay.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. ii. 86 Sooner this sword shall plow thy bowels vp. View more context for this quotation
1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials I. xxviii. 197 To endure the more pain when they should be cut down and ripped up.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 247 He directs the moss to be delved or dug up with spades.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 484 An Essay..upon the question of breaking up Grass Land.
1894 Times 21 May 4/4 A gang of men was sent..to pick up and relay the part.
1895 Times 5 Feb. 8/2 That would mean taking up all the streets in South London.
b. So as to sever or separate, esp. into many parts, fragments, or pieces.See also break v. 2b, to break up 1 at break v. Phrasal verbs, chop v.1 3, to cut up 2 at cut v. Phrasal verbs. In Old English a similar use occurs in upp forlǽtan, to divide (a river).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > [adverb]
up1530
dividingly1580
divisivelya1600
dividedly1607
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 563 Anatene, up cuttynge.
1530 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 50 To breke vppe or caste downe eny dyche or hedge.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1737 Cut vp: or winne these partriges.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. ii. 131 Breake vp the Seales, and read. View more context for this quotation
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. 47 The tube itself being broken up and disregarded.
1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 295 Hydrosulphide of ammonium..dissolves it up.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. vii. 162 Engaged in tearing up old newspapers..into small pieces.
18. To or towards a state of completion or finality. (Frequently serving merely to emphasize the import of the verb.)
a. With verbs denoting consuming or destroying.See also burn v.1 8b, to eat up at eat v. Phrasal verbs, kill v. 2b, slay v.1 5b, spend v.1 13, stifle v.1 1 (quot. 1582).
ΚΠ
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 1470 She made vp frete here corn.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 81 Thei..brenden up the remenant.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6634 Slas vp yon caitefs al bidene!
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 414 Destroye vp bothe man and place.
1481 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 80 Schepe dys [= dies] wpe in Englelonde.
1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 6 The murtheringe vp of them which hath done yt.
a1555 J. Philpot Apol. spitting vpon Arrian Sig. B4v, in Exam. J. Philpot (?1556) Lyke humbledories, eating vp the hony of the bees.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. Dv I heard where they dide vp all in one family, and not a mothers childe escapt.
1609–10 Act 7 Jas. I c. 20 The Sea hath..surrounded and drowned up much hard groundes.
1636 J. Winthrop Let. in Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. App. 388 The Indians killed up all their swine, so as Capt. Lovell had none.
1647 J. Vicars England's Worthies 64 The Royalists resolving..to gird up Gloucester..on all sides to tire and starve it up if it might be.
1793 Pellew in Osler Life (1835) 89 We dished her up in fifty minutes, boarded, and struck her colours.
1803 Ld. Nelson 27 Dec. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) V. 332 The Kent being done up.
1874 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David IV. Ps. lxxix. 7 The oppressor would quite eat up the saints if he could.
1894 H. Caine Manxman 419 The spendthrift had..sold up the remainder of his furniture.
b. With other verbs, denoting progress to or towards an end.
ΚΠ
1307 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 181 Oute taken girdels that er fully wroght upp.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 14614 Thei..heled him vp with medycyns.
c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 2681 She shal performe vp of ryght Al that euer I haue behight.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 207 Tyl þou haue vp full þi cost & þin expensis.
1480 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 48 Y understond Lombardys has bowght ytt [sc. the wool] up yn Ynglond.
a1547 in J. R. Boyle Early Hist. Town & Port of Hedon (1895) App. p. lxvii Yf any..offycers die..then the common of burgesis to choise other to occupye upe that yeare.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxcviij He will commaunde the fathers..to finish vp their work begon.
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 114 By husbandry..they dry vp and drain fenny and vnholsome places.
1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. xviii. 322 Therefore heale him up with sweet Butter.
1682 J. Dryden Medall Epist. Whigs sig. a1 Whatever the Verses are; buy 'em up I beseech you.
1726 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 120 It is an infinite shame that the debts are not cleared up and paid.
a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 158 Beat up the yolks of three eggs.
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse 121 Lime wetted up in large heaps for use.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. ix. 429 The establishment was paid up and discharged.
1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto III lxiii. 34 Cloves..were boil'd Up with the coffee.
1873 Punch 18 Jan. 21/1 They liquor up despondently.
1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. 195 Could there not be some kind of institution..to force parents to cash up.
1896 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Aug. 5/1 Prices have subsequently firmed up in many instances.
c. With verbs denoting cleaning, putting in order, or fixing in place.See also clean v. 3a, to clear up 3 at clear v. Phrasal verbs, deck v. 2b, to do up 3a at do v. Phrasal verbs 2, dress v. Phrasal verbs, fit v.1 6, to get up 2b at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to get up 2c at Phrasal verbs 1, to make up 10 at make v.1 Phrasal verbs 1, polish v. 3, redd v.2 4c, rig v.2 1c, tackle v. 1, 3, trim v. 7.
ΚΠ
1419–20 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 199 Pro purgacione (anglice clensyng uppe) unius centene [arcuum].
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 406 Polish al vp thy werk in goodly tyme.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 238 Ȝour ladeis, grathit vp gay.
1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles i. i. 73 Spung'd up, adorn'd, and painted.
1706 A. Pope Let. 10 Apr. in Corr. (1956) I. 16 To paint your Shop, and..to brush you up like your Neighbours.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xi. 108 They can do up small cloaths.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 199 The beds..were fixed up..near the fire.
1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 762 The rear-guard of cavalry..remained bridled up all night.
1878 W. S. Gilbert H.M.S. Pinafore 1 I polished up the handle of the big front door.
1900 Daily News 4 June 2/4 We have cleaned up for the month of May,..760 tons.
19.
a. By way of summation or enumeration.See also to cast up 10 at cast v. Phrasal verbs, count v. 1c, to make up 7 at make v.1 Phrasal verbs 1, reckon v. 1b, to run up 13 at run v. Phrasal verbs 1, to sum up 1b at sum v.1 Phrasal verbs, total v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > enumeration, reckoning, or calculation > [adverb] > to a higher number > in summation
upc1400
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 2 Clannesse who-so kyndly cowþe comende, & rekken vp alle þe resounz þat ho by riȝt askez.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 540 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 316 Tyl countes also þer-on ben cast, And somet vp holy at þo last.
1621 in E. Arber Transcript Reg. Company of Stationers 1554–1640 (1877) IV. 23 Compendious tables for the speedy casting vp of anie some.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 252 Relicks..among which they number up the Veronique.
1727 J. Thomson To Mem. Newton 132 But who can number up his labours?
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 127 Hours..spent in casting up and verifying accounts.
1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 4 If..you numbered up the acts of trust.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 125 All my years when added up are many.
b. To a final or total sum or amount.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > [adverb] > to final or total amount
upc1175
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11310 Seofenn siþe sexe gan. Ȝiff þatt tu willt hemm sammnenn Vpp inn till fowwerrtiȝ & twa.
1482 Monk of Evesham 49 Y addyd.. as mony dayes..as wold make vppe the noumbre of the dayes of lente.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E7 Promising them..that they shall pay no more rent yeerelie, till the same be runne vp.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 260 The Enemy, marching along by them, By them shall make a fuller number vp. View more context for this quotation
1629 J. Cole Of Death 195 His deceased children were alive still in heaven; and the ten more given him here, make them up twenty.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew To Push on one's Fortune, to advance, or run it up.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 135 At first, I distributed Linnen sufficient to make every one of them four Shirts, and at the Spaniards request afterwards, made them up six.
1741 in C. F. Jenkins Tortola (1923) 86 Next Week we purpose a Monthly Meeting, here being three little Meetings to make it up.
1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 360 [He] obtains almost full employment,..and ‘knocks’ up £3 or £4 or more weekly.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 9 May 5/3 Hearne..had hit up 8 runs when he lost Wright.
20.
a. Into a close or compact form or condition; so as to be confined or secured.See also bind v. 6, 11b, bundle v. 1, 2, coil v.3 3c, double v. 8a (quot. 1893), fold v.1 1 (quots. 1621 at sense 7a, 1712 at sense 15), gather v. 16b, to roll up 3a at roll v.2 Phrasal verbs 1, to shut up 6 at shut v. Phrasal verbs, to tie up 1 at tie v. Phrasal verbs, truss v. 1, 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adverb] > accumulatively > so as to form compact mass
upc1374
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 517 There as..al þis heigh matere Towchyng here loue were at þe fulle vp bounde.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 681 But hood..wered he noon For it was trussed vp in his walet.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos li. 144 He made hys thye to be dressed and bounden vp.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. av Thai turssit vp tentis and turnit of toun.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. vii. 5 The hayre of thy heade is like the kynges purple folden vp in plates.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 193 Ty vp my louers tongue, bring him silently. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xii. sig. B3v Sommers greene all girded vp in sheaues. View more context for this quotation
1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. ix. 215 Rope up all his legges to the body, not suffering him to lye down.
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 44 He is fairly trust up according to his deserts.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 78 Forester..tied up a small bundle of linen.
1825 C. Lamb Wedding in Elia 2nd Ser. Visitors huddled up in corners.
1851 S. D. Gross Pract. Treat. Dis. Bladder i. iii. 121 The limbs are drawn up, and the body bent forward.
1861 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner II. xxviii. 229 Old Sophy..bound up her long hair for her sleep.
b. Into a closed or enclosed state; so as to be shut or restrained.See also to close up 1 at close v. Phrasal verbs, dam v.1 1, 2a, 2b, pen v.1 1a, pend v.2, pent adj. 1b, to tie up 2 at tie v. Phrasal verbs, to tie up 4 at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [adverb] > so as to be shut in or restrained
up1490
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adverb]
up1615
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiii. 312 I shall bryng hym agen wyth me vnto you all, were he shitte vp in X prisons.
1528 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 20 Mulso..hath vnlawfully enclosyd vppe ageyn the sayd comon grownde.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Carcer Condi in carcerem, to be layed vp in [prison].
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 528 The English men which were shut up in the Castel.
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 12 Take heede of a doore or window..: yea, though it be nailed vp.
1622 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 130/2 The damyng up of the said watter.
1642 Action before Cyrencester 4 The streets were barricadoed up with chaines, harrowes and waggons.
1727 J. Thomson Britannia 244 Her merchants scatter'd wide; Her hollow shops shut up.
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xv. 296 Leave the Barrel open 'till it has done working, then close it well up.
c. So as to cover or envelop. Also in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [adverb] > so as to cover
overa1382
upc1400
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 434 Knelande to grounde [ho] folde vp hyr face.
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) iii. i. ii. 11 Ech peece [of the boar] is wrapped vp..with bulrushes.
1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet B 4 b Hee woulde not smoother vp sinne.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B2 Could not the fretting sea Haue rowl'd me vp in wrinkles of his browe?
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xiii. §3. 418 Those perills: within which they were so speedily folded vp.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 64 I..wrapt it up Parcel by Parcel in Pieces of the Sails.
1792 Munchhausen's Trav. x. 34 The sentinels were wrapped up in the arms of Morpheus.
1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 151 If the wound is covered closely up.
1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron I. viii. 131 The idea of covering up any portion of the rich garden loam with buildings.
21.
a. Into a state of union, conjunction, or combination; so as to bring together.See also to get up 7a at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to make up 9b at make v.1 Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adverb]
togetherc1330
jointlyc1375
joininglyc1430
upa1450
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1904) I. l. 6117 Thus thanne was knyt vpe the pes.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Lvj Thei came into such a tempeste, that they were enforsed to gather vppe theyr sayles.
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 7/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I How sagely Ireneus claspeth vp all the whole controuersie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. 0. 13 With busie Hammers closing Riuets vp. View more context for this quotation
1627 Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 267 Therefore the remain [of the loan] must needs be got up, which is not past 50,000 l.
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 19 If yours were not bound up in one volume with them.
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 16 Those wretched Compounds which make up all your Lives.
1724 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. §6 A Compound Proposition is made up of two or more Subjects.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. x. 41 That he could draw up..a hole in his breeches.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iii. i. 69 Your fame, your name, all mingled up in mine.
1846 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. 8 These substances..being made up of three or four elements.
1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls v. 81 She could only stitch up a straight slant.
b. So as to supply deficiencies, defects, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [adverb] > by way of counter balance or compensation
opposite1523
upa1568
compensatingly1876
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 56v Now to know, what Author doth medle onelie with some one..member of eloquence, and who doth perfitelie make vp the whole bodie.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 88 A sillable ouerplus to annexe to the word precedent to helpe peece vp another foote.
1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. I1 Whilest there is yet but one craze..in the touchstone of thy reputation, peece it vp, and new flourish againe by..the square of thy workmanship.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. ii. 32 Such haue I to fill vp the roomes of them as haue bought out their seruices. View more context for this quotation
1607 B. Jonson Volpone iii. vii. sig. H2v My Dwarfe shall dance, My Eunuch sing, my Foole make vp the antique. View more context for this quotation
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at To Supply To fill up as any deficiencies happen.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 256 It either makes a new web, or patches up the old one.
22.
a. To or towards a person or place; so as to approach or arrive.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [adverb]
up1362
eastbound1886
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. Prol. 70 Þe lewede Men..comen vp knelynge.
c1420 Anturs of Arth. 345 Ho raykes vp..bifor þe rialle, And halsed sir Arthur.
1589 P. Jones in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 228 Vp comes toward them the other frigat.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. ii. 29 If they set downe before's: for the remoue Bring vp your Army. View more context for this quotation
1659 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. xvi. 279 The wind coming at North and by West, they could not get up to them.
1669 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 429 He rid up to meet him.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 348 We all mended our Pace, and rid up as fast as the Way..would give us leave.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 147 Hot-steaming, up behind him comes again Th' inhuman rout.
1780 Mirror No. 108 The train of Sir Edward brought up their master in the condition I have described.
1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel i. 4 The Spring comes slowly up this way.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lix. 280 She thought..how he would have rode boldly up, and dashed in among these villains.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native II. iv. iii. 293 Leave me before they come up.
b. To or towards a particular point or line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place
uponc1475
up1513
down along1525
towards1590
on1804
downlong1863
againwards1876
to1889
the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > directed (of the mind, etc.) to or towards
up1513
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xvi. 58 [She] hir hornit bow has bent, Quharin onon the takyll vp is stent; Syne halis vp in ire and felloun haist.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxii. 55 The enemies in vew, draw vp your powers. View more context for this quotation
1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice Introd. 15 As if he [sc. Christ] were engaged to even up the score of penalty.
1901 Munsey's Mag. 25 371/1 To even up my account with his people.
c. To or into later life.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adverb] > advancing in age
upwardc1530
up1535
and upwards1570
upwardsa1807
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Luke xviii. 21 All these haue I kepte fro my youth vp.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 235 Frome his barneheid vpp, he was brocht vpp be S. Columba.
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion i. 5 We were tried Friends: I from my Childhood up Had known him.
1890 Rev. of Reviews 2 427/2 It has been so from his youth up.
d. So as to find, come upon, overtake, or keep on the track of. (Cf. look v. 1e, to look to —— 6 at look v. Phrasal verbs 2, to look up 8 at look v. Phrasal verbs 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > [adverb]
up1622
1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lii. 123 Being out of hope to fetch vp this shippe.
1657 J. Owen Of Communion with God iii. iii. 286 I cannot intend to run this expression up into its rise and original.
1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 488 They enter..with a view of..hunting up the sturdy bear.
1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ix. 228 It comes next to be considered, how far these accounts are confirmed, or followed up by other evidence.
1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 265 It sometimes happens that he is two days in ‘hunting them [sc. stray hogs] up’.
1868 Field 18 July 49/1 Failing to get quite up, [he] was beaten cleverly by three parts of a length.
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 204 I..hit off the tracks of a large herd of bison and followed them up.
23. To a stop or halt.See also to bring up 6 at bring v. Phrasal verbs 1, to bring in 7 at Phrasal verbs 1, to draw up 10 at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1, to fetch up 9 at fetch v. Phrasal verbs, to pull up 3a at pull v. Phrasal verbs, 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [adverb] > to a stop or halt
up1623
1623 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) II. 392 A man, thinking nothing, pulled up his coach, and so made the horse start a little.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Bring-up, a provincial phrase peculiar to the seamen in the coal-trade, signifying to anchor, &c.
1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes (ed. 3) 14 At Kylakin we were obliged to bring up for the night.
1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 214 When the river is foggy, the boats have to bring up at night.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 26 May 7/3 If all goes well it should fetch up at Sheerness..to-morrow morning.
III. With a preposition following.1845 R. Buchanan in Howie Scots Worthies p. xix Up till that time they had still continued to attend public worship.1886 Manch. Examiner 13 Jan. 4/7 Up till now Greece has altogether disregarded the..admonitions.
24. up against ——. to knock or run up against, to come across, to fall in with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > encounter or experience
ymetec893
findeOE
meetOE
counterc1325
overtakec1390
limp?a1400
tidea1400
runa1450
to fall with ——?c1475
onlightc1475
recounterc1485
recount1490
to come in witha1500
occur1531
to fall on ——1533
to fall upon ——1533
beshine1574
rencontre1582
entertain1591
cope with1594
happen1594
tocome1596
incur1599
forgather1600
thwart1601
to fall in1675
cross1684
to come across ——1738
to cross upon (or on)1748
to fall across ——1760
experience1786
to drop in1802
encounter1814
to come upon ——1820
to run against ——1821
to come in contact with1862
to run across ——1864
to knock or run up against1886
to knock up against1887
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Aug. 3/1 Our extradition treaty with the United States has run up against its first snag.
1886 B. M. Butt Lesterre Durant I. xv. 222 The very man I have been hoping I'd run up against one of these days.
1887 A. Birrell Obiter Dicta 2nd Ser. 264 When Montaigne was in Rome..he complained bitterly that he was always knocking up against his own countrymen.
25. up till ——. = up to —— at sense 26 (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > upwards in the direction of
up to ——c900
anovewardlOE
up till ——c1175
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11317 Upp till heoffness ærd.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1281 Ȝiff þatt tu forrlangedd arrt. To cumenn upp till criste.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1606 Iacob..slep and sag..Fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem A leddre stonden.
1599 R. Barnfield in W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. D6 Shee (poore Bird) as all forlorne, Leand her breast vp-till a thorne.
26. up to ——.
a.
(a) As high or as far as (a specified height or altitude) by ascent or extension.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > [phrase] > as far as
up to ——944
the length ofa1500
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > in height [phrase] > as high as (spec. height)
up to ——944
944 Charter in Sweet A.S. Reader (1908) 58 Andlang dic to ðam wege þe scytt up to ðam hricgge.
c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxvi. 183 Heofonlic leoht ofer þæt geteld astreht stod up to heofonum.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1070 Hi..clumben upp to þe stepel.
c1200 Vices & Virtues 119 He..bar up to heuene ure loac.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 137 A tree..Whos heihte straghte up to the hevene.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 273 He styh up to his fader.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 22569 (MED) Op to þe lift ris sal þe se.
a1400 Coer de L. 4171 The pytte..was feld and fordytte, Up to the bank maad al playn.
c1430 T. Hoccleve New Ploughman's Tale 114 Shee vp to heuene ascendid up and sty.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 15 So it was cristened Merlyn, and was delyuered to the women vpe to the wyndowe to the moder.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John iii. f. cxxij Noo man hath ascended vppe to heven, butt he that cam doune from heven.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. P. de Mornay Woorke concerning Trewnesse Christian Relig. i. ⁋5 Like as from the Earth wee have styed up too the Ayre.
1623 W. Gouge Serm. Extent God's Provid. §15 A partition..which reached up to the floore of the garret.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 198 Ye Birds, That singing up to Heaven Gate ascend. View more context for this quotation
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 20 Let the most blessed be my guide..Up to his Holy Hill. View more context for this quotation
1799 G. S. Carey Balnea (ed. 2) 178 Whatever way you approach Ludlow, you find an ascent up to the market-place.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 491 When the cuttings get up to the glass,..the outer pot can be changed.
1850 D. G. Rossetti Blessed Damozel in Germ Feb. 81 The souls, mounting up to God.
(b) As high or as far as (a certain part of the body, containing vessel, penetrating weapon, etc.). For the figurative import of the phrases up to the ears, etc., see the nouns. Other figurative phrases denoting completeness or fullness are illustrated under hub n.1 2, knocker n. 2c, nine n. 4b, notch n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > in height [phrase] > as high as (spec. height) > on the body, a vessel, weapon, etc.
up to ——c950
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 7 Gefyldon ða ilca uið to briorde up.
c1175 Lambeth Hom. 47 Ieremie þe prophete stod..in þe uenne up to his muðe.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 96 Hi fuleþ hit vp to þe chynne.
c1305 Land Cokayne 181 He mot wade..up to þe chynne So he schal þe londe winne.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) John ii. 7 Fille ȝe the pottis with watir. And thei filliden hem, vp to the mouth.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1594 For þe mon..Hit hym vp to þe hult.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 802 Vp to the Anclees foghte they in hir blood.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 1641 With' in þe se, Vp to þe nek naked stode he.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xvii. 61 Her horses went in blood vp to the fytlokys.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. i. sig. A.iij If any woman smyle..Up is he to the harde eares in loue.
1590 E. Webbe Rare & Wonderfull Things (new ed.) sig. Dv She might haue gone vp to the mid leg in..mire.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe iv. sig. F2v Weele draw all our arrowes of reuenge vp to the head.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. i. 63 Ile run him vp to the hilts, as I am a soldier. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 108 Let vs bathe our hands in Cæsars blood Vp to the Elbowes. View more context for this quotation
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1706 The richer sort doe stand vp to the chin In delicates.
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Tot den Hecht toe, up to the Haft.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 64 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors They go bare-breasted, and bare-arm'd up to the Elbows.
1687 R. L'Estrange Answer to Let. to Dissenter 45 He is All, Politiques here, up to the Hilts.
1790 J. Bruce Trav. Source Nile I. v. 106 The girls..stand up to their knees in the water for a considerable time.
1808 A. Scott Poems (ed. 2) 101 Up to the haft at ilka stroke Some clash their hooks.
1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 5 Jan. 1630 With white aprons and bibs..going from the apron up to the bosom.
1883 A. Robson Dead Letter ii. v Up to our Elbows making Damson Jam.
1884 C. Reade Born to Good Luck in Good Stories A neighbour's estate, mortgaged up to the eyes, was sold under the hammer.
1889 G. Stables in Boy's Own Paper 16 Nov. 103/3 The stewards were up to their eyes packing baskets and making preparations.
(c) Raised or short so as to leave uncovered.
ΚΠ
1835 Lady Dufferin Charming Woman 22 Her shoulders are rather too bare, And her gown's nearly up to her knees.
1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. iv. 64 Sometimes she is so bad, her frock is up to her knees.
b. Up towards; aloft in the direction of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > upwards in the direction of
up to ——c900
anovewardlOE
up till ——c1175
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. vii. 38 Albanus..his eagan ahof upp to heofonum.
971 Blickl. Hom. 227 He..mid his eagum up to heofenum locade.
c1000 Ælfric Genesis iv. 10 Þines broðor blod clypað up to me of eorðan.
c1220 Bestiary 187 Deme ðe noȝt wurdi, ðat tu dure loken up to ðe heuene~ward.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9342 Ȝoure riȝt honden holdeþ vp to god.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 19468 Vp to heuen he helde his honde.
c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 566 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 125 Hevand his handis vpe to þe hevyn.
1626 F. Bacon New Atlantis 7 in Sylva Let vs looke vp to God, and euery man reforme his owne wayes.
1719 I. Watts Psalms of David 331 Up to the hills I lift mine eyes.
1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 204 Oh! my heart was lift to thee Like a glass up to a star.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxvii. 120 But, oh, if Mas'r could only look up,..—up to the dear Lord Jesus!
c. elliptical.1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xxvi. 68 By councils,—from Nicæa up to Trent.
(a) So as to reach or arrive at (a particular place or person). The precise force of up varies in accordance with sense 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > [adverb]
awayeOE
forneOE
forthc1000
forthwardc1175
furtherlyc1175
toforec1330
forea1400
forwarda1400
furtherwarda1400
avauntc1400
forwardsc1400
onwardc1425
toward1426
forouth1487
up to ——1516
forth on1529
onwards1540
aheada1615
forrita1796
advancingly1820
onwardly1831
forwardly1876
society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > so as to arrive at or reach [phrase]
up to ——1516
(a)
(b)1589 R. Tomson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 581 We did vnbarke our selues and went on lande vp to the citie or head towne.1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 17 The three riuers that vagary vp to her.1659 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. xvi. 279 The wind coming at North and by West, they could not get up to them.1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 21 When Christiana came up to the Slow of Despond.1694 London Gaz. No. 3023/1 He..could not get up again to the Fleet.1709 Tatler No. 114. ⁋1 When he came up to me, he took me by the Hand.1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. viii. 135 I was forced to swim till I got up to it [sc. the boat].1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 46 He could not get the bomb vessels up to the point of attack.1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. 171 A carriage with six mules drew up to the guard-house.1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. xii. 84 They will never catch up to that horse.1516 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 15 If I shulde com up to London the next terme.
1518 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 150 Oder evill disposed persones..ben commyn vp to hym to maynteyn hym.
1592 Arden of Feversham i. i. 531 Ile vp to London straight.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 38 When I first brought my Collection of these Things up to London.
1774 A. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 48 Mr. Hill's father had some thoughts of removing up to Braintree.
1810 in Milner Suppl. Mem. Eng. Catholics (1820) 153 To wait..until Bishop Gibson should come up to town.
1821 J. H. Newman Lett. & Corr. (1891) I. 56 Coming up to Oxford to study.
1889 ‘J. S. Winter’ Mrs. Bob xxvi In time to catch the next train up to Town.
(b) As far as (a specified point).
ΚΠ
1832 L. Hunt Poems 193 With green up to the door.
1865 J. Earle Two Saxon Chron. p. xiii Back into the mists of high mythology,..and so up to Adam.
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 637/1 Up to the book of Joshua all three [narratives] run side by side.
1881 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 173 483 The rostrum is very uniform up to near the front end.
(c) Till, until (a specified time). In frequent use from c1835. Cf. up to date adv. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [phrase] > until
up to ——1803
1803 M. Venzee Fate 187 Up to the present time.
1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 415/2 Up to 1750, he had made about two hundred tons [of zinc].
1849 D. Rock Church of our Fathers i. ii. 125 Up to the present day is still kept..this very rubric.
1864 W. Lewins Her Majesty's Mails 311 Government letters..may be posted, without extra fee, up to the latest moment.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors II. xi. 270 A comprehensible pride..keeps the forsaken man silent up to death.
(d) colloquial. Before (one's face).
ΚΠ
1862 A. Trollope Orley Farm II. xiv. 111 She told me so, up to my face.
(e) As a task or responsibility upon (a person). Cf. up adv.2 19d.
ΚΠ
1908 ‘F. Danby’ Heart of Child xviii We'll let them know what is going on, and put it up to them to take action.
d.
(a) So as to reach or attain (a specified point or stage) by action directed to an end. See also act v. 2g, to come up 20 at come v. Phrasal verbs 1, to keep up 9 at keep v. Phrasal verbs 1, to live up at live v.1 Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > so as to reach a specific point
up to ——a1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 533 Your discontenting Father, striue to qualifie And bring him vp to liking. View more context for this quotation
1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) v. sig. C2 A verse or some such worke he may sometimes get vp to, but seldome aboue the stature of an Epigram.
1688 J. Dryden tr. D. Bouhours Life St. Francis Xavier i. 10 To Exhort them to live up to the Rules of Christianity.
1748 Biographia Britannica II. 1305 He was not unacquainted with the antient rules of Poetry, nor was he incapable of writing up to them.
1751 F. Coventry Hist. Pompey the Little ii. v. 166 A Country Gentleman, who had lived, as it is called, up to his Income.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. 128 Boiling at different temperatures will of course communicate heat up to their boiling points.
1834 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (1837) I. xx. 313 Such men do not practise up to their knowledge.
1855 Poultry Chron. 2 538/2 Without it amateurs scarcely know what points to breed up to.
1908 Animal Managem. (War Office) 69 Where horses are called on to work up to their rations.
(b) So as to reach by progression or gradual rise.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > increasing in quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > so as to reach by progressive increase
up to ——17..
17.. A. Ramsay Ode Birth of Drumlanrig vii Your Prince, who late Up to the state of manhood run.
1772 Regul. H.M. Service at Sea 5 The youngest Officer shall vote first, proceeding in Order up to the President.
1793 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 482 Money being so flush, the six per cents run up to twenty-one and twenty-two shillings.
(c) As many or as much as; including all below (a specified number, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > [phrase] > to the amount of
to the tune of1692
up to ——1892
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. p. cl The sizes..up to and including 9 inches focus.
1910 T. A. Joyce Handbk. Ethnogr. Coll. Brit. Mus. 259 Good canoes..carrying up to thirty-six men.
e. Bridge. to lead up to: to lead in a manner which allows (a particular card or suit) to be played from the third or fourth hand. Also after the noun.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics
declare1895
promote1899
to lead up to1911
to take out1918
squeeze1926
push1927
spread1929
cash1934
overtake1939
underlead1945
finesse1960
1911 L. Leigh Blue Bk. Bridge & Auction iii. 97 In a trump deal, if the lead has been a low card the suit cannot be more than moderately strong, and the third hand..may lead up to a weak holding in Dummy's hand.
1927 L. Hattersley Contract & Auction Bridge Clarified xxv. 251 The Queen should never be led up to the Ace with the vain idea of making a finesse.
1950 G. S. Coffin Learn Bridge iv. 26 He must lead a ? away from his king up to dummy's ace-queen.
1964 R. L. Frey & A. F. Truscott Official Encycl. Bridge 655/2 The old maxim recommending a lead ‘up to weakness’ is valid but not very helpful.
1973 T. Reese & A. Dormer Compl. Bk. Bridge xvii. 223 He leads up to and not away from dummy's high cards.
27. up until ——. = 26c(c). Cf. 25.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] > until
tillc1330
up until ——1938
1938 Tablet 28 May 698/2 Up until the time when Mit Brennender Sorge and the associated Encyclicals appeared, there was indeed some reason for believing that the idea of Catholic Action was to be interpreted more or less in such a manner.
1971 Sci. Amer. Oct. 118/3 Up until the past few years all the pictures we saw of that world..seemed less photographic, for all their authenticity, than maplike.
28. up with ——. (Cf. 32.)
a. So as to reach.
ΚΠ
1659 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1920) IV. 95, 3 Spanish men of warre..who..came vp with vs and fired at vs.
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 35 Just as Christian came up with the Cross. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 19 Finding the Pirate..would certainly come up with us in a few Hours, we prepar'd to fight.
1761 Ann. Reg., Chron. 156/2 At five a.m. we got almost up with the chace.
1795 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 13 As he drew up with the Enemy.
1795 Ann. Reg. i. 15 The Russians..came up with his rear.
b. to put up with: see to put up 5b at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.
c. to draw up with: see to draw up 8 at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1. to take up with: see to take up 18 at take v. Phrasal verbs 1.
IV. In elliptic uses.Naut.1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer III. iv. 116 We agreed to up helm.1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster I. x. 129 As soon as the jolly-boat comes on board we'll up anchor.1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. xxii. 286 She up courses and took in her topgallant sails.1840 N. P. Willis in S. Longfellow Life H. W. Longfellow (1891) I. 371 So I up helm for my sister's house in Brighton.1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) To up jib, to be off. A sailor's phrase.1859 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem II. xc. 66 See if he does not up helm, and make the best run of it he can.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 707–8 Up anchor... Up boats!.. Up courses!.. Up screw!1893 McCarthy in Westm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 5/1 That moment he and his companions would up steam and make for the shores of Gloria.
29.
a. Used imperatively (with ellipse of verb), as a command or exhortation to action, activity, rising from bed, movement, etc. Cf. up v. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > invitation or encouragement to action [interjection]
comeOE
upa1300
to come offc1405
to come ona1470
via1595
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2819 Vp loth,..þat ȝee ne be tint wit þis cite.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iv. 4 Debbora sayde vnto Barak: Vp, this is the daie wherin [etc.].
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 47 Then vp I say,..Let not my small demaund be so contempt.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion iii. 39 Vp with the iocund Larke (Too long we take our rest).
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 295 Vp higher to the plaine, where we'l set forth In best appointment all our Regiments. View more context for this quotation
a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 315 Dauid..was the first which said, ‘Vp, let vs flie!’
1625 R. Sanderson Serm. I. 131 Up then with the zeal of Phinehas, up for the love of God and of His people.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 18 Up alaft [sic] to the Top-mast-head, and look abroad.
1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 5 These with the Thistles, and many others when they get the Dominion, is, up Weed and down Corn.
1798 W. Wordsworth Tables Turned in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 186 Up! up! my friend, and clear your looks,..Up! up!
1816 W. Scott Paul's Lett. to Kinsfolk 181 ‘Up, Guards, and at them,’ cried the Duke of Wellington.
1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. iii. 9 Awake!.. Up from your beds of sloth for shame.
b. With auxiliary or other verbs: To go or come up; to rise. Also rarely without verb.An Old English instance occurs in Genesis 497.
ΚΠ
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xi[i]. 6 I wil vp (sayeth the Lorde).
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 108 Wee will..vp to the mountaines toppe. View more context for this quotation
c1630 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 280 He would up therefore to a higher..Judge; and that was the Lord.
1637 R. Ashley tr. V. Malvezzi Davide Perseguitato 205 The great favorites of Princes..fall headlong, they are gone, they cannot up againe.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 184 Perceiving that the Kings spirit would up againe.
1678 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 2 On the 9th the king came..and sent for the house of commons up.
1727 J. Swift Horace Imitated 16 in Misc. Last vol. ii. 34 Lewis; the Dean will be of Use, Send for him up, take no Excuse.
1816 G. Muir Clydesdale Minstrelsy 27 (E.D.D.) Up they till't like twa game cocks.
30. Followed by a noun in objective relationship to a verb omitted (e.g. hold, raise, pull, etc.). Originally only with imperative force; now frequently in other uses and tending to assume the function of a verb. (Cf. up v. 3, 4.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > [adverb]
upc888
upwardsc888
upwardOE
upc1384
roofward1844
roofwards1845
whereup1880
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 1021 Now vp the hede for alle ys wele.
1628 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 425 Courage, up your heart.
a1751 in A. Whitelaw Bk. Sc. Song (1866) 29 She rants up some fule-sang, like, Up your heart, Charlie!
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. xii. 279 Up heart, master, or we are but gone men!
1828 P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 343 I ‘up gun’ and down came a bird.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxx. 264 When the weather is very cold, I up hood.
1854 F. W. Mant Midshipman 88 So that I am free to up stick and away.
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed viii. 147 He wants to up-stakes and move out.
31. elliptical for up with (also †mid) —— at sense 32. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [adverb] > in support or advocacy of
up1937
1937 S. Beckett in A. Chisholm Nancy Cunard (1979) xxiii. 241 Up the Republic!
a1966 ‘M. na Gopaleen’ Best of Myles (1968) 330 ‘Up the Prince of Wales’ or something, I suppose.
1980 M. McMullen My Cousin Death (1981) xi. 131 Conor's taken him off... Up Conor, I say.
32. up with (also †mid) ——. (Cf. 28.)(b)1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas II. vi. i. 424 Up with you! up with you! was the alarum of..Ambrose.1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. iii. 81 Up, up, with you, my master, and it please you.in combination.1902 G. K. Menzies Provincial Sketches 105 A ‘down-with-the-Lords’ young man, An up-with-myself young man.
a. Denoting the raising of a weapon, the hand, etc., esp. so as to strike. (Cf. up v. 8b.)
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > [adverb] > raising of weapon
up with (also mid) ——c1275
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 23931 Arthur vp mid his spere..and pungde vppen Frolle.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 355 Judas..up wiþ a stoon and smoot Ruben on þe hede.
c1400 Gamelyn 535 Gamelyn vp with his staff..And girt him in þe nek.
c1450 Knt. de la Tour xix. 27 Her husbonde up with his fust, and gaue her .ij. or .iij. gret strokes.
1584 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 82 The Earle..up with his fiste and gave the poore man a great blow upon the face.
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. xiv. 688 Hercules..one time vp with his harpe and knockt out his maisters braynes.
1689 E. Hickeringill Ceremony-monger Concl. iii He up with his foot, and kick't it off from the King's Head.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 202 He would down with his Knees, up with his Eyes, and fall to Prayers.
1885 R. L. Stevenson Prince Otto i. ii Otto..up with his whip and thrashed him.
1893 Daily Tel. 17 July 6/4 She ‘up with her fist’.
b. Denoting erecting, raising, drawing or pulling up, etc. Chiefly in imperative use. Also up with you! = rise, get up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > raising up [phrase]
up with (also mid) ——c1377
c1377 in Minor Poems Vernon MS. 718/99 I ou rede..Þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And mayntene him boþe heiȝe and lowe.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 294 Vp with the tymbre [= cross]!
a1596 Sir Thomas More (1911) ii. iii. 24 Vpp with the drawbridge, gather som forces To Cornhill.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. iii. 7 Vp with my tent there, here will I lie to night! View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Fary Gods Severity 26 Can it..be endured that a tree should stand, yeelding no increase?.. No, the good husband-man will up with it.
1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xxii. 38 Alla Hu! Up to the skies with that wild halloo!
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. vi. 149 ‘Let's toss two of them together, Walker,’.. ‘Up with another one.’
1863 A. Young Naut. Dict. (ed. 2) 432 Up with the helm.
c. To drink off, consume.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [adverb] > drink off
up with (also mid) ——1542
supernaculum1592
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 30 He demaunded, how that medeicine was to bee taken?.. The seruaunte had aunswered, that he must vp with it all at a draught.
d. To ‘come out’ with, to utter or sing (something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)]
speakc825
queatheOE
forthdoc900
i-seggenc900
sayeOE
speak971
meleOE
quidOE
spella1000
forthbringc1000
givec1175
warpa1225
mootc1225
i-schirea1250
upbringa1250
outsay?c1250
spilec1275
talec1275
wisea1300
crackc1315
nevena1325
cast1330
rehearsec1330
roundc1330
spend1362
carpa1375
sermona1382
to speak outc1384
usea1387
minc1390
pronouncea1393
lancec1400
mellc1400
nurnc1400
slingc1400
tellc1400
wordc1400
yelpc1400
worka1425
utterc1444
outspeakc1449
yielda1450
arecchec1460
roose?a1475
cutc1525
to come forth with1532
bubble1536
prolate1542
report1548
prolocute1570
bespeak1579
wield1581
upbraid1587
up with (also mid) ——1594
name1595
upbrayc1600
discoursea1616
tonguea1616
to bring out1665
voice1665
emit1753
lip1789
to out with1802
pitch1811
go1836
to open one's head1843
vocabulize1861
shoot1915
verbal1920
be1982
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. B2 He badde me declare my minde... I vp with a long circumstance..& discourst vnto him what [etc.].
1680 R. L'Estrange tr. Erasmus 20 Select Colloquies xiii. 190 Then Fawn up with his story, and tells him [etc.].
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xvii. 174 ‘He has taught that song to our Dick.’.. ‘Then let us have it..let him up with it boldly.’
e. Denoting support or advocacy of a person or thing. †to be up with, to commend, praise, laud, extol. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > denoting support [interjection]
up with (also mid) ——a1792
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. E4 Then..run their words at random.., and are vppe with this man and that man.
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 24 One is vp with the excellence of the browne bill and the long bowe.
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xxxi. 44) 251 Laban likewise talks a great deal here; and is up with the more, and down with the less, (as they say).
a1792 in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. II. 436 That song, ‘Up with the souters of Selkirk, and down with the Earl of Hume’.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vi. 87 After some clubs had drunk Up with this statesman, and others Down with him.
33.
a. up and —— ,denoting the act of rising or starting up, accompanied by subsequent action.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > action of standing [phrase]
up and ——13..
13.. Sir Orfeo 96 (A.) Ac euer sche held in o cri, And wold vp and owy.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 548 Pandare vp and..straught a morwe vn-to his nece wente.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 180v Achilles..vp and gaue hym suche a cuff on the eare, that he slewe hym.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 240 At the sound of their feet he would up and run, and meet them half way. View more context for this quotation
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxx. 192 Why didn't you up, and collar him?
1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 258 Refreshed, I up and plod on again.
1901 ‘L. Malet’ Hist. Sir Richard Calmady iii. ii. 171 When there was no hiding any longer how it was with her, he up and awayed to London.
b. With verbs of speaking or saying, implying a sudden or open declaration.
ΚΠ
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiv. 13–24 Thei..vp & declare at large vnto Jesus the summe of al ye wholle matier.
1560 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique (new ed.) f. 79 The Italian vp and tolde him all.
1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. I He forswore all, I vp and opened all.
a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) ii. xxxi. 111 For the man..up and told them all that had fallen out.
1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xlvi. 181 Whereupon she up and told him all that had passed between them.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 44 He seed her several times; and then he up and said he'd keep company with her.
1880 E. G. O'Reilly Sussex Stories I. 239 She'll up and speak to the gentry themselves.
1891 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Sydney-side Saxon Introd. I wonder what he would say if I up and asked him for Miss Cissie.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
upadv.2
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ I. In senses denoting position in space.1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) ii. 38 For Sym wes bettir sittin, Nor Will, Vp at the Drum that day.1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World viii. 218 The City..is 20 mile up in the Country.1710 Tatler No. 254. ⁋7 I proposed a visit to the Dutch cabbin, which lay about a mile further up in the country.1825 W. Scott Betrothed vii, in Tales Crusaders II. 145 The Red Pool..lies up towards the hills.1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. ii. 16 Recollect wut fun we hed..Up there to Waltham plain last fall.1855 R. Browning Up at Villa ii Up at a villa one lives, I maintain it, no more than a beast.† 4. Of a gate, door, etc.: Open. Obsolete.
1. in extended use.a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. v. 21 The day shall not be vp so soone as I. View more context for this quotation
a. At some distance above the ground or earth; high in the air; on high; aloft.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adverb] > removed
upc897
outeOE
awayc1661
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xvi. 101 He geseah ane hlædre standan æt him on eorðan. Oðer ende wæs uppe on hefenum.
975 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) And þa wearð ætywed uppe on roderum steorra on staðole.
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) cxiii. 11 Ys ure se halga God on heofon-dreame, uppe mid englum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 259 Sannt iohan..sahh upp inn heffne an boc.
c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 1171 Ayol was op in toure.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 3148 Vp hey a-pon ȝone felle. sal þou bren þi sone for me.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. v. 111 Mount mount my soule, thy seate is vp on high. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 156 True prayers, That shall be vp at heauen, and enter there Ere Sunne rise. View more context for this quotation
1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 23 The ringing of basons,..which I haue often heard when a swarme is up, or in rising.
1790 C. Dibdin Coll. Songs I. 154 There's a sweet little cherub that sits up aloft, To keep watch for the life of poor Jack.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. v. 79 A flag that's up yonder in the garret.
1851 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clare (rev. ed.) in Poems (ed. 7) 350 The time when..clouds are highest up in air.
b. Of the heavenly bodies: Risen above the horizon; ascended into the sky.
ΚΠ
a1000 in Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 29 Næs se mona þa gyt uppe.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 272 On winterlicre tide hi [sc. the Pleiades] beoð on niht uppe & on dæg adune.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 222 Sunne of riȝtwisnesse is uppe.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) lxxii. 116 In the morne whan the sonne was vp.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xvijv When the sun was vppe, hitt..wyddred awaye.
1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered v. 15 If the Sunne were vp..he was punished.
1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 32 If the Sun be down though the Stars be up.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 229 Tho' the Moon was up.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Honey The Bees only gather it after the Sun is up.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. xxi. 71 The moon is up; by Heaven a lovely eve.
1844 N. P. Willis Contempl. 1 They are all up—the innumerable stars.
2. On high or (more) elevated ground; more inland; further from the coast or sea.In Old English also ‘on shore; on land; inland’. Cf. upaland adv., uponland adv.
ΚΠ
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxviii. 197 Ða Saul hine wolde secean uppe on ðæm munte.
a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iii. xxiii. 230 Se biscop..him stowe geceas mynster to getimbrigenne in heawum morum uppe.
OE Beowulf 566 Hie..on mergenne..be yðlafe uppe lægon.
a1050 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) ann. 1016 Ða se kyning geahsade þæt se here uppe wæs, þa gesamnade he..ealle Engla þeode.
3.
a. In an elevated position; at some distance above a usual or natural level.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > [adverb] > in more than usually elevated position
upc897
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxiii. 222 Swæ swæ iu..wæron ða lac forbærndu uppe on ðæm altere.
OE Dream of Rood 8 Gimmas stodon fægere æt foldan sceatum, swylce þær fife wæron uppe on þam eaxlegespanne.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1169 All þatt iudewisshe lac Þatt ȝuw her uppe iss shæwedd.
a1200 Vices & Vertues 95 Ðe postes þat sculen beren up ðis weorc.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 17495 He bar þare his croune heȝe vppe on his heued.
c1275 Doomsday 51 in Old Eng. Misc. 167 Heo schule iseon þene kyng..vppe on þe rode myd stronge pyne abouhte.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vii. 91 As wilde bestis with wehe [ȝe] worthen vppe and worchen.
a1400–50 Alexander 198 Quen he was semely vp set with septour in hand.
a1400–50 Alexander 977 Alexander hys ayre vppe in hys awne trone.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. iv. f. iiij With there handes they shall stey the vpp.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. F3v Edwards great linage..Fiue hundred yeeres hath helde the scepter vp. View more context for this quotation
1667 S. Pepys Diary 22 July (1974) VIII. 347 In my Lord's Roome,..where all the Judges' pictures hang up.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 68 As you hale him out, keep him up that you may bring no Powder out with the Ladle.
1764 S. Foote Patron i. 22 He never brought them..a birth till the christening was over; nor a death till the hatchment was up.
1799 Hull Advertiser 13 Apr. 2/1 Cutter-built sloop,..measures up aloft thirty-two feet.
1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 48 At anes the bells baith up and under Begoud to rattle on like thunder.
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 233 An object seems to us to be up or down according as we raise or lower the pupil of the eye in order to see it.
1899 Daily News 6 Nov. 4/5 The accommodation is limited to one room down and two up.
b. In figurative phrases or expressions.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 675 As doon thise louerys in hir queynte gerys.. Now vp, now down, as boket in a welle.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. lxxviii. 46 So michel þow didest, what up what doun, þat to mariage þow haddest hire.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 758/1 Wee must..be readie to forgoe all: wee must alwayes haue one foote vp.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 199 There I stood, my Heart up at my Mouth.
1749 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 23 Mar. Ned's envy, which was always up at high-water-mark.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) I can find him nayther up-ner-down; i.e. I can find him no where.
c. Of an adjustable (esp. sliding) device or part: Raised.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [adverb] > raised (of a movable part or device)
up1600
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V ii. i. 50 Pistolls flashing firy cock is vp.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vi. xxvi. 98 Her ventall vp so hie, that he descride Her goodly visage.
1610 R. Vaughan Most Approved Water-workes P 4 b Vnlesse..my seruants suffer the Sluces to be vpp when they should be downe.
1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body iv. ii. 49 He has escap'd out of the Window, for the Sash is up.
1764 E. Carter Let. 3 Feb. in Series of Lett. E. Carter & C. Talbot (1808) II. 3 The glasses [of the coach] were up and broke to shivers.
1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ii. 488 I saw him.. Riding from rank to rank, his beaver up.
1799 C. Lamb Let. Dec. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1975) I. 173 Travelling with the coach windows sometimes up.
1838 J. F. Cooper Excurs. Italy I. 57 We were closely curtained and had the glasses up [in the travelling-carriage].
1879 G. Meredith Egoist i The visitor carried a bag, and his coat-collar was up.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 407 It closes itself either way, with the piston up or down.
d. colloquial. On horseback; riding. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. (at cited word) A man who is ‘in swell-street’, that is, having plenty of money, is said to be ‘up in the stirrups’.
1856 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock vi. 93 His running in a sweepstakes, when Sam [the jockey] was not ‘up’.
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iii A match for £50, 10 st. 7 lb. each. Owners up.
1886 in Fores's Sporting Notes III. 6 To pace the paddock when Archer's up.
e. Poker. At the top of a flush.
ΚΠ
1882 Poker; how to play It 83 A flush should always be dropped in a three or four handed game, except with Ace up when four are playing.
f. Of a woman's hair: worn tied or pinned on top of or at the back of the head, not hanging down; spec. as an indication of entry into adult society.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adverb] > of hair worn on top of the head
up1911
1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson xiv. 207 Her hair, tied back at the nape of her neck, would very soon be ‘up’.
a1976 A. Christie Autobiogr. (1977) iv. i. 166 I was now ready to ‘come out’. My hair was ‘up’, which at that period meant.. large knots of curls high up on the head.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > [adverb] > of a door, gate, etc.
up1340
openlya1425
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 255 Yef hi vyndeþ þe gate oppe, hi guoþ in liȝtliche.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 336 The dore is up, and he in wente.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 24423 All vp [Vesp. opind] war þair grauis sene.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 305 in Poems (1981) 15 Bot on he went, and left the dure vp wyde.
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Avi In seruice tyme no dore standeth vp, Where such men are wonte to fyll can and cuppe.
5.
a. High, in respect of the river-bank or shore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [adverb] > high with respect to bank or shore
upa1387
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [adverb] > high with respect to bank
upa1387
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 51 Seuarne is ofte vppe and passeþ þe brynkes.
1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1894) I. 209 At such tyme when the waters be uppe.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 216 The Tide was up.
1844 W. H. Maxwell Wanderings in Highlands xxxvii The sea was up.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It vii. 60 The Platte was ‘up’, they said—which made me wish I could see it when it was down.
b. Out of the stomach, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [adverb] > vomiting > out of stomach
up1579
1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 82 If I giue them a Pil to purge their humor, they neuer leaue belking till it bee vp.
c. On or above the surface of the ground or water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > ground > [adverb] > above
above grounda1393
up1835
overground1855
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [adverb] > on or above surface of water
up1835
1835 Trans. Zoological Soc. I. 234 By remaining perfectly quiet when the animal is ‘up’ the spectator is enabled to attain an excellent view of its movements in the water.
1854 J. Ruskin Let. to Miss Mitford 7 Aug. The soldanella..is..distinguished for its hurry to be up in the spring.
1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. viii. 42 She was as lonely as if she had anticipated the hour of the resurrection, and was the little only one up of the buried millions.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 268 Up, on the bank, or on the surface.
6.
a. In a standing posture; on one's feet; standing (and delivering a speech).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > [adverb]
up1297
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [adverb] > standing (and speaking)
up1297
(a)
(b)1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 319 I only stood up first, to speak to the orders of the House. But now I am up, I desire [etc.].1762 S. Foote Orators iii. 64 Silence, gentlemen,..A worthy member is up.1779 Ann. Reg. 1778 133/2 The Minister concluded a long..speech, which kept him full two hours up.1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 254 Members arrive..to report that ‘The Chancellor of the Exchequer's up’.1899 Daily News 24 Mar. 2/1 He had a comparatively small audience, augmenting in numbers as news went round that he was up.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3828 Is suerd he drou þere Vor to asaile him þerwiþ, ac þe oþer was vp ere.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. liv. 170 The fote..beryth vp all the body.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 537 Hijs fete him bers up fra fall.
c1440 Generydes 44 An hert was fownde.., And vppe vppon his fete he was a non.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 29 O ȝe souerens þat sytt and ȝe brotherne þat stonde ryght wppe.
1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript i. v. sig. E6v They..are so quickly up in a brauado.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 138 He that stands vpon a slipp'ry place, Makes nice of no vilde hold to stay him vp. View more context for this quotation
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 164 They were not able without staggering to stand up under it. View more context for this quotation
1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 19 The standing up in your stirrups, whilst trotting.., has a most elegant and genteel effect.
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Holmby House xviii. 266 ‘Hold up!’ exclaimed Humphrey, as the sorrel cleared a high wall, with a drop into a sandy lane.
1888 J. H. Stirling in A. H. Stirling Life (1912) 310 The student up was just translating in the ordinary slip-slop, unthinking fashion.
b. In an upright position.Also bolt up, right up, straight up: see these words.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adverb] > uprightly
upwardc1290
uprightsa1375
bolt uprightc1405
rect1557
uprightly1601
bolt up1638
erectly1646
up1669
1669 S. Pepys Diary 3 Mar. (1976) IX. 465 My Lord Mayor did retreat out of the Temple by stealth, with his sword upp.
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) To sit up in one's Bed, se tenir assis dans son Lit.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 74 Bound on a foray,..[the earl] Came riding with a hundred lances up.
1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. ii. 60 He kept up his wicket until the finish.
c. Erected, built.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adverb] > uprightly > erected
upa1652
a1652 I. Jones in B. Allsopp & R. A. Sayce Inigo Jones on Palladio (1970) II. ii. 6 This hether part..is finished the rest hath sum Part of the bacemont vp and no more.
1742 Leoni in Leoni Palladio's Archit. II. 69 Of the Rings for Races... A third is yet up.., though half~ruined.
d. Baseball. At bat.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [adverb] > at bat
up1896
1862 N.Y. Sunday Mercury 13 July 6/1 Crane came up to open the inning.]
1896 Sun (N.Y.) 13 May 4/1 At the beginning of the tenth inning the score was a tie. Van Haltren was the first New Yorker up.
1909 R. H. Barber Double Play xvii. 208 The fourth man up chose a ball to his liking and sliced it down the first-base line.
1942 P. Gallico Lou Gehrig viii. 97 Koenig was up next, a precision machine at getting a man along to second with hit or sacrifice.
1976 E. Blackwell in Baseball between Lines 52 They got a man in scoring position with two out and Buddy Kerr up.
7.
a. Out of bed; risen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [adverb] > out of or risen from bed
upc1390
in, to, out of beda1739
astir1823
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 234 In þe morwe he was vppe and roises þis oþure.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 16992 The sonne is rysen & schynes bryght, And thei are vppe & redi dyght.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxv. 311 Take youre rest and loke that ye be vp by tymes.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lii Go to thy bedde & slepe, and be vp betyme.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions iv. 19 Those people..be drousie when they are vp, for want of their sleepe.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. i. sig. B4 We..must be vp with the lark.
1641 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 78 I vas upe this morninge be two a cloacke.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires iii. 41 In vain we rise, and to their Levees run; My Lord himself is up, before, and gone.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 62 Another..ask'd, who it was that was up?
a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 255 When the family is up, she should set open the windows of the bed-chambers.
1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. xi. 282 Mrs. Jorrocks,..and Benjamin, were up with the lark.
1873 E. Bulwer-Lytton Kenelm Chillingly I. ii. xiv. 289 One of the young ladies who attended..to the dairy was already up.
b. Not gone to bed; not yet abed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [adverb] > in bed > not yet
upa1535
a1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1875) 367 Peraduenture he was late vp the night before.
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Ci Our drunkards that sytte vp so late.
1622 J. Taylor Shilling B 5 Whilst all the Drawers must stay vp and waite Vpon these fellowes be it ne're so late.
1763 G. Williams in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1843) I. 250 While Lord March and I are up half the night with people of a profligate character.
1779 J. Warner in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) IV. 274 I was in hopes that some of the servants were still up.
1834 Maginn in Blackwood's Mag. 35 748 My eye caught a light in the window... Seeing that the old fellow was up, I determined to step over.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lviii. 565 The corporation of servants are dismissed to bed (not unwilling to go, for they were up all last night).
1855 A. Trollope Warden xviii. 283 Dr. Grantly..and Mrs. Grantly..are waiting up for you.
c. Of game: Roused, started.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > [adverb] > start (game)
upa1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iii. 117 Hearke, the Game is rows'd... The Game is vp.
d. In various colloquial phrases: up and about, around, active, moving about, esp. of a person who has been ill, no longer in bed; up and doing, busy and active.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb] > briskly or actively
quiverlyOE
smartc1300
smartlyc1300
spacklya1350
merrilyc1390
sprackly1393
livelyc1425
activelya1500
busilya1513
allegrement1608
alacriously1609
nippily1650
briskly1665
alertly1725
up and doing1817
pert1859
brash1884
stirringly1889
bobbishly1936
the world > action or operation > doing > in action [phrase]
in action1584
on the stir1805
up and about, around1893
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > brisk or active
sprindeOE
whata1000
braga1350
prestc1390
yarea1400
stirringc1400
startingc1440
actious1441
actuala1470
activea1522
queemc1540
skeetc1540
lively1567
alive-like1582
pragmatical1590
spruce1590
agilious1599
brisk1599
sprightly?c1599
brisky1600
alives-like1601
alacrious1602
smart1602
eyebright1603
whisking1611
deedy1615
vibrant1616
sprunt1631
perking1653
alert1654
exilient1654
alacrative1657
eveillé1676
budge1691
jaunty1705
spry1746
sprack1747
alive1748
high-geared1795
rash1805
spicy1828
live1830
deedful1834
yary1855
sprucy1858
alacritous1859
sprackish1882
brash1884
up-and-coming1889
up and doing1901
loose1907
bright-eyed and bushy-tailed1936
buzzy1978
1817 H. Granville Let. in B. Askwith Piety & Wit (1982) vii. 103 We are all much better for her presence—it says ‘up and doing’, she looks so reviving.
1893 ‘M. Twain’ in Cent. Mag. Dec. 234/2 She was up and around the same day.
1901 Daily Chron. 17 Dec. 3/2 She was..the most up-and-doing woman of all her generation.
1909 Dial. Notes 3 385 Up and about,..used in expressing moderate health.
1927 G. Hunting Vicarion xxi. 350 It required another week for him to get up and about.
1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) Prol. 3 Steamy rains wash..from men's minds all desire to be up and doing.
1978 Lancashire Life Sept. 88/2 It was not unusual to hear her up and about in the middle of the night, checking on a seriously ill patient.
8. 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London II. v. 133 ‘Is my chariot up?’ said the captain... ‘Next to the duchess of Belgrave's, sir.’1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 368 Hard up, the tiller so placed as to carry the rudder close over to leeward of the stern-post.1903 P. F. Warner in H. G. Hutchinson Cricket iii. 65 If the ball is a half-volley or well up.
a. Further away from the mouth towards the source of a river, the inner part of a bay, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adverb] > towards source
upwarda1122
up1600
1600 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 194 Wee..arriued in the Easter-side thereof some ten leagues vp within the Bay.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World i. 7 We..rowed up to the head of the Creek, being about a mile up, and there we landed.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iii. 30 By taking the current a little farther up, the rest of the family got safely over.
1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) vi. 223 At day-light sent off all..the people who had been up with me, to the transport.
1862 C. Kingsley Lett. (1877) II. 139 I never saw such a river, though there are very few salmon up.
b. Pointing or directed to the stream.
ΚΠ
1821 Acct. Peculations Coal Trade 7 Then he recollects there is a punt head up in Mill-hole tier.
c. Towards a place or position; forward; advanced in place.
ΚΠ
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 86 Porter. Make way there... Man. You great fellow, Stand close vp. View more context for this quotation
d. At or in a place of importance (spec. London).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > position or situation > [adverb] > at a place (of importance)
up-by1768
up1845
1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 116 ‘Dick Cromwell and his Wife’ seem to be up in Town on a visit.
1866 A. Trollope Claverings iv You'll be up in London by the 10th of next month.
1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) ii. 37 Literary parsons ‘up’ for a week or two's reading at the British Museum.
e. colloquial. At or in school or college. Cf. sense 16 below.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > [adverb] > at school or college
at study1539
up1847
up at ——1873
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess Prol. 9 We seven stay'd at Christmas up to read.
1866 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 197 The boys were still ‘up’, that is, in school [= Eton].
1886 Law Times' Rep. 53 664/2 The permission to remain up during the vacation.
f. Of a foxhound or a follower of the hunt: keeping pace with the fox; present at its death.
ΚΠ
1839 ‘Harkaway’ Jrnl. 4 Jan. in E. A. Pease Cleveland Hounds (1887) iii. 63 Sly Reynard ran down the lane a field's length, and then took the fields. This gave the leaders a sob and the second-raters time to get up.
1889 F. Mason Flowers of Hunt 199 Ride as they might, the pace was so great that only a select few were on anything like terms with the hounds. ‘Only eight of us up!’ remarked Tom Chirpington.
1908 Punch 8 Apr. 267/1 Biggest ole dog-fox what ever I see!.. Nobody up but the Master an' me!
1972 Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 19 On the second occasion the pack accounted for a brace of foxes, but the Princess's party was not up at either kill.
9. In miscellaneous uses:
a. Facing upward.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > facing upwards
up1683
1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise v. i. 55 The World's..better, now 'tis downside up.
1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 289 The skin is stretched over this, with the grain side up.
1891 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 65 The tissue should be completely immersed, face up.
b. Off the ground; in store; in a proper place or receptacle. to keep up: see to keep up 1 at keep v. Phrasal verbs 1, to keep up 11 at Phrasal verbs 1 to lie up (= in bed, etc.): see to lie up at lie v.1 Phrasal verbs.
ΚΠ
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. iii. 58 Our hay has been all up these three weeks.
c. With the surface broken or removed.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [adverb] > with the surface broken or removed
up1886
1886 Daily News 14 Oct. (Encycl. Dict.) Streets that are up.
1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole 1 A great deal of road~way was ‘up’.
1908 Times 28 July 2/6 There was a good deal of traffic in the road, part of which was up for repairs.
II. In figurative senses.
10. (b)1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso (1674) ii. xi. 150 People that are up in commotion.1844 P. Harwood Hist. Irish Rebellion 137 The British fleet was then up in mutiny.
a. In a state of disorder, tumult, revolt, or insurrection; risen in rebellion. Also const. in (mutiny, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adverb]
upc1400
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 834 Fro þe seggez haden souped.., Er euer þay bosked to bedde þe borȝ was al vp.
c1420 Contin. Brut. 358 And anon come tydyngez þat Harry of Bolyngbroke was vp with a strong power of pepill.
1487 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 166 The comens of the town..hawe ben upp onys or twyse allredy.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccviijv All the Realme was vp, and by open Proclamacion commaunded to make warre agaynst hym.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. C3v Tis treason to be vp against the king.
1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 298 The Levellers wilbe spedily vpp against Cromwell.
1688 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 284 Lord de la Mere up in Cheshire with forces and crie ‘No bishops!’
1695 C. Hatton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) II. 216 For thes 2 nights a great mob have been up in Holborn and Drury Lane.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 529 The eastern counties were up.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke vii. 58 I had heard that Monmouth was up, and I knew that you would not lose a night ere starting.
b. up in arms: see arms n. Phrases 2d.
c. Actively stirring or moving about. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > [adverb] > in action or actively about
upc1460
asteer1786
astir1823
around1849
c1460 Wisdom 518 in Macro Plays 52 ‘Farewell,’ quod I; ‘þe deuyll ys wppe’.
1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster i. 5 This earth you tread vpon..was not left..to your inheritance, and I vp and liuing.
1838 H. W. Longfellow Psalm of Life ix Let us, then, be up and doing.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxii. 714 They pursued him: the hue and cry was raised:..the whole country was up.
1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxxvii. 6 He was up and at it, resolutely resolved that he would not tamely die of despair.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 288 Bob's a queer chap when the porter's up in him.
d. In a state of agitation, excitement, exaltation, or confidence.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > [adverb] > in a state of excitement
agogc1450
up1470
full scent1614
atop of the house?1651
astir1837
a-seethe1879
above oneself1890
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxxv. 546 What,..is your herte vp? yester daye ye ferd as though ye had dremed.
1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions 18 When theyr rage is vp, they will not easily be pacifyed.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B4 Now the blood is vp.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida ii. sig. C3 My stomack's vp... The match of furie is lighted.
1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 21 Our Passions,..when they are up, and would hurry us into evil Actions.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. ix. 40 It was a nice Part to act; and all his Observations were up, I dare say, on the Occasion.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xvii. 174 Let us have a bottle of the best gooseberry wine, to keep up our spirits.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) iii. 70 My spirit was up, my thoughts were full of hope.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. xiii. 302 His pluck was up, and feeling himself in a fighting humour, he [etc.].
1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. v. 58 Up one minute and down the next; now in spirits and now in despondency!
1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon I. 111 When his temper is up he might do anything.
e. Bound for (a place); ready for (something). Cf. 19a (d).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] > readily or promptly
rifea1275
fastlyc1275
gradelya1300
rada1325
readya1325
wellc1325
readilyc1330
fast1477
with a wet finger1542
forwardly1552
like one o'clock1847
up1870
like a shot1885
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > on course [phrase] > bound for
bound1589
up1870
1870 H. W. Longfellow John Endicott ii On board the Swallow,..Up for Barbadoes.
1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. xvi. 243 Christie was quite up for it. She loved a bit of skirmish.
11. † b. In power or force. Obsolete.
a. In a state of prevalency, performance, or progress. (In later use mainly with keep v.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > [adverb]
upc1290
underhandc1400
adoing1429
under way1788
c1290 Beket 229 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 113 Þis Ercedekne..stifliche heold op hire riȝte.
c1290 Beket 229 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 404 Þou auȝtest more to holden op þane to with-seggen mi power.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iv. 58 Bot ȝif Meede make hit þi Mischef is vppe.
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles i. 29 Þey..cowde no mysse amende whan mysscheff was vp.
14.. Siege Jerusalem 295 Now is ȝour sorow vppe.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 53/1 For his dissimulacion onelye kepte all that mischyefe vppe.
1537 in J. Gairdner Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1890) (modernized text) XII. i. 206 In formation against John Hogon, who, going about the country with a ‘crowde’ or a fiddle..sang a song with these words, ‘The hunt is up’, etc.
1582 in Bible (Rheims) Acts iv. (annot.) Let no Catholike man be scandalized that this heresie holdeth vp for a time.
1670 T. S. & A. Roberts Adventures Eng. Merchant 51 Orders of Men..that keep up the Honour of Religion amongst them.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > [adverb] > in power
up1541
1541 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 163 He shold se er he died friers and monks uppe agayn.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 112 To know, when two Authorities are vp,..How soone Confusion May enter. View more context for this quotation
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 89 They are such beasts as while the Law was up,..furnished Gods Altar with Sacrifices.
c. Much or widely spoken of, whether favourably or (latterly) unfavourably.Cf. the Old English sense ‘disclosed, made known’, and Old Norse and Icelandic uppi, noted, remembered.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [adverb] > much talked about
up1619
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. (1636) 265 The name of Caius Cæsar was up, for eloquence, and spirit.
1680 V. Alsop Mischief Impositions vii. 41 His name being up, he may lie abed till noon.
1766 G. Williams in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1843) II. 33 [He] has again taken to his bed, and now, since his name is up, there he may lie.
1789 Loiterer No. 43. 4 The ill effects of possessing an extensive reputation, or as an old English Phrase expresses it, having one's name up.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. viii. x. 329 When once my name was up, for a man after the duke of Lerma's own heart, I had very soon my court about me.
1812 Sporting Mag. 39 283 He observed his name was up there, and he should be suspected.
1824 L. L. Cameron Pink Tippet iii. 16 Your name's up in the town.
d. colloquial. Occurring (as a special, unusual, or undesirable event); taking place, going on; amiss, wrong. (Very frequently from c1850.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [adverb]
on1830
up1838
1838 E. C. Gaskell Let. 19 Aug. (1966) 37 I did not mention a word to Lucy but she must have guessed something was ‘up’.
1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy ix. 75 He saw something was ‘up’.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 19/1 A shout in answer from the other asks ‘What's up?’
1908 Times 29 May 15/6 We constantly thought that something was going to be up.
e. Amiss or wrong with a person, etc.
ΚΠ
1887 H. R. Haggard Jess vii There's something up with that girl.
f. Of food, drink, etc.: ready, served; frequently ( tea up!, etc.) as an indication that something is ready to be served, eaten, or drunk. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > meal-time > [adverb] > summons to meal
up1941
1941 J. Smiley Hash House Lingo 55 Up. This is usually added to another as ‘coffee up’ ‘waitress up’ or ‘bread up’ and designates the want or approach of a person or thing.
1950 ‘D. Divine’ King of Fassarai xxi. 177 They heard her voice, ‘Chow up!’
1972 J. Porter Meddler & her Murder xi. 138 Grub's up!.. Them as wants forks can fetch 'em!
1981 J. Wainwright All on Summer's Day 14 ‘Tea up.’ Wooley..carrying a steaming pot.
12. In senses denoting completion.
a. Of a period of time, etc.: Completed, ended, expired, over. (Cf. Uphaliday n.)Cf. the same sense of Old Norse and Icelandic uppi, Low German up, Dutch op, German auf.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > in a way tending to completeness
upc1400
perfectively1657
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adverb] > over, finished, or expired
over?c1225
outa1400
upc1400
all up1825
c1400 Destr. Troy 7207 When the tyme was ourtyrnyt, and þe tru vp, Agamynon þe grekys gedrit in þe fild.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 86 The king..commandis..to lat him pas frie,..or vp trues, against thame he sal proclayme weiris.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. II. 235.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ffff2/1 The Quarter is up.
1776 in Sparks Corr. Am. Rev. (1853) I. 310 Whose time of enlistment will be up in a few days.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxix. 333 He should want a second mate before the voyage was up.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xix. viii. 585 So that the Ball is up; dress-pumps and millineries getting all locked into their drawers again.
1878 H. C. Adams Wykehamica xv. 268 As soon as morning school was up, there was a general rush..to breakfast.
1889 ‘J. S. Winter’ Mrs. Bob xxi As his leave was nearly up, he..would be off in the morning.
b. Of an assembly: Risen; adjourned; over.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > [adverb] > adjourned
up1632
1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry i. sig. D The court is vp, make way.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iv. 319 The Duke said..that..all men being upon their feet, and out of their places, he conceived the House had been Up.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 May (1948) I. 263 Yet perhaps it may not be 'till Parliament is up.
1776 S. Foote Bankrupt iii. 63 As both the houses are up, I shall adjourn..'till their meeting again.
1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 492 After parliament's up.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxxix. 387 The Chancellor is, within these ten minutes, ‘up’ for the long vacation.
1881 J. Hatton New Ceylon Pref. There was much bustle of departing travellers. Parliament was up.
c. (At) the number or limit agreed upon as the score or game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > [adverb] > (at) the number or limit agreed upon
up1668
1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all i. 5 Which most mads me, I lose all my Sets, when I want but one of up.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 30 Of Trucks... The Game, because it is sooner up than Billiards, is Nine, and sometimes Fifteen.
1685 N. Tate Cuckolds-Haven ii. ii. 15 Security and his Wife playing at Putt.. Sec. There's up, Wynny, there's up; Come give me my Winnings.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 259 I had all four Honours the first time, and we were up at one Deal.
1873 J. Bennett & ‘Cavendish’ Billiards 5 The game was twelve up.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 180/2 (Bowls) The game..is ‘up’ or won when the number of casts agreed on have been obtained by the winning side.
d. Come to a fruitless or undesired end; ‘played out’. Usually with game.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [adverb] > come to an unsuccessful end
up1787
belly-up1920
1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 283 Are we to suppose the game already up?
1800 Aurora (Philadelphia) 17 Dec. in R. H. Thornton Amer. Gloss. (1912) As the Baltimore paper says, ‘The Jigg's up, Paddy’.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xix. 318 He feared the game was up.
1848 W. T. Thompson Major Jones's Sketches Trav. 14 (Farmer) I know'd the jig was up.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 558 Godwine might well think that the game was up.
e. all up, completely done or finished; quite over. Also all U P /juː piː/. (See also U n.1 Initialisms 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adverb] > over, finished, or expired
over?c1225
outa1400
upc1400
all up1825
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > the end [phrase] > at an end
at an upshot1653
all over1664
the jig is over1777
the jig is up1800
all up1825
the last of pea-time1834
(all) washed up1923
the party is over1931
1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 322 That's all up now.
1854 J. W. Warter Last of Old Squires ix Now corrupted into the simpler saw, ‘It's all U P—up!’
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough 94 Consequently, when you drop into a run, he goes as long as he can, and it's all u p!
f. Const. with, in previous sense.
ΚΠ
1829 P. Egan Boxiana New Ser. II. 243 When time was called, it was ‘all up’ with Bob, and Jem was declared the winner.
1832 B. Disraeli Contarini Fleming II. ii. vii. 78 It is all up with him by this time.
1837 P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 121 It appears now to be ‘all up’ with coast gunning.
1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) xxxvi. 282 Crikey! they're past! and its U. P. with old Pug!
1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery I. ix. 221 It was all but up with me.
g. In other applications.
ΚΠ
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 268 A stall or heading is said to be up when it is driven or worked up to a certain line.., beyond which nothing further is to be worked.
1909 Cent. Suppl. (at cited word) Up,..in printing, finished; noting completion of a task: as, the chapter is up; the paper is up.
13. figurative.1919 J. B. Morton Barber of Putney vi It's one up to 'im for stickin' it.
a. Higher in the ascending scale in respect of position, rank, fortune, etc.; in a position of affluence or influence. Also figurative (quot. 1791).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [adverb]
highlyOE
up1509
greatly1684
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. xviiiv He that lyeth on hye [is] Nowe vp, nowe downe vnsure as a Balaunce.
1791 F. Burney Diary 4 June (1842) V. 207 I shall be apt to be rather up in the world, as the folks say, if I tope on at this rate?
1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold i. i. 5 For in our windy world What's up is faith, what's down is heresy.
1905 Eng. Dial. Dict. VI. 323/2 They're up, but not for long I reckon.
b. Increased in power, force, strength, or vigour; actually blowing; ready for action. Also (in Computing), in working condition. Frequently in up and running. Cf. uptime n. and down adv. 24b(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb] > increased in vigour
upa1549
society > computing and information technology > [adverb] > connection status
offline1950
online1955
down1965
up1978
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 127 Yf the winde be any thyng vp.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2197/1 The winde was somwhat vp, and it caused the fire to be ye fiercer.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. i. 68 The Storme is vp, and all is on the hazard. View more context for this quotation
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 500 His often hushing of the winds, when they are up.
1743 R. Blair Grave 4 The Wind is up: Hark! how it howls!
1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism i. 16 What shall be the movements of the deep..when the winds are up!
1848 J. Mitchel Jail Jrnl. 27 May (1854) i. 26 A government-steamer..lay in the river with steam up.
1889 A. C. Gunter That Frenchman! xxi. 298 Steam is up, and the boat is soon ready to leave her dock.
1978 Computing 9 Feb. 1/1 British Steel's giant private packet-switched network is up—and running successfully.
1978 Nature 24 Aug. 746/1 The host computer had just broken down, forcing a delay until it could be brought up again.
1983 Austral. Personal Computer IV. 106/3 A lot of other facilities need to be available to make a complete up-and-running software package.
c. Advanced, increased, or high in number, value, or price.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [adverb] > increasing or increased in price
up1546
on the rise1805
upward1874
upwards1874
1546 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 175 Th' exchaunge is vp agen above xxiiijs.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 144 The Bill was up at 2785.
1801 H. Swinburne in Crts. Europe close last Cent. (1841) II. 299 This ridiculous folly keeps the stocks up.
1855 W. Bagehot Lit. Stud. (1879) I. 3 A head full of sums, an idea that tallow is ‘up’.
1887 A. Birrell Obiter Dicta 2nd Ser. 93 The price of £100 stock was up to £340.
1891 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 27 51/1 Six shillings a couple for ducks, and four for teal, as they're up now.
d. Advanced in years.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adverb]
oldlyc1175
on old toesa1400
agedly1538
upa1822
decrepitly1848
a1822 A. Boswell Old Beau iii Though up in life, I'll get a wife.
1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 417/1 An Irishman, rather up in years.
1884 T. Speedy Sport in Highlands ii. 13 Gentlemen who are somewhat up in years.
e. (So many points, etc.) in advance of a competitor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [adverb] > with success or victory > in advance of a competitor
up1894
1894 Times 19 July 7/2 They were two up at the third hole.
1900 ‘J. Doe’ Bridge Man. 61 When the adversaries are 28 up.
1903 Times 6 Feb. 7/6 The former pair winning by three up and two to play.
f. At a high or lofty pitch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [adverb] > pitch > high pitch
up1902
1902 O. Wister Virginian ix. 105 All the ladies thought the world of her, and McLean had told him she was ‘away up in G’.
1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 81 He has a giggle right up in the treble.
14.
a. Before a magistrate, etc., in court. (Cf. up adv.1 12b.)
b. Offered or exposed publicly.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > [adverb] > on sale > available for sale
in1687
up1921
1921 Conquest Sept. 480/1 His business is to set a value on the teas up for sale.
III. With a preposition following.
15. up against —— faced or confronted by (difficulties, etc.). colloquial (originally North American).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > confronted by difficulty [preposition]
in (the) face of1612
up against ——1896
1896 G. Ade Artie i. 7 I saw I was up against it.
1901 S. Crane Monster 231 All he's up against is a case of grand larceny.
1910 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 232/1 In Canadian phraseology, we were ‘up against it’ with a vengeance!
16. up at —— attending (a specified college or university). Cf. sense 8e.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > [adverb] > at school or college
at study1539
up1847
up at ——1873
1873 A. Trollope in Fortnightly Rev. May 652 The grand idea that young Jack Bluestone, who was up at Brasenose, should marry the Lady Anna.
1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor i. i. 11 It's old Milburne. He's up at Magdalen with me.
17. up for ——
a. Liable to, having to submit to, due to receive; under consideration for, having been proposed for.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [phrase] > due to receive
up for ——1918
society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > responsibility rests here [phrase] > liable for
up for ——1918
1918 L. E. Ruggles Navy Explained 52 Down for a shoot,..or up for a shot are all the same. It means that a man has been placed on the report and will have to appear at the mast before the captain.
1921 [see sense 14b]. a1936 R. Kipling Something of Myself (1937) ii. 29 The Prefects..were all of the ‘Army Class’ up for the Sandhurst or Woolwich Preliminary.
1979 A. Scholefield Point of Honour 34 She said he was up for a medal... And a few weeks later there was the announcement of the VC.
b. up for grabs: see grab n.2 1b.
18. up in —— expert or versed, well informed or instructed, in a subject, matter, work, etc. colloquial.In frequent use from c1860.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > skilled at or versed in [phrase]
up to ——1800
up in ——1839
up on ——1896
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxiii. 222 Intrigue, and Ways and Means, you're all up in, so we shall only want one rehearsal.
1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain i. xxx As to the examination..the very subjects had been chosen in which he was most up.
1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 100 I did think Potter was better up in his work.
19. up to ——
a. (b)?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship i. 4 Two showy saddle-horses, the best being up to fifteen stone with any hounds.1861 E. Yates in Temple Bar II. 473 A cob ‘well up to fourteen stone’.
(a) Able to perform, do, or undertake; fit or qualified for; capable of.In frequent use from c1850. For phrases involving this or one of the following senses see also slum n.1 4, snuff n.3 3a, thing n.1 Phrases 7, trap n.1 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > able, capable, or competent [phrase] > for something
up to ——1785
good-for1821
good1893
1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times I. 88 He was up almost to any villainy.
1792 T. Paine Rights of Man: Pt. Second ii. 17 Man, naturally as he is, with all his faults about him, is not up to the character.
1801 F. Leighton Let. to J. Boucher 15 May (MS.) I hope you will have no strangers with you... I am not up to that.
1820 Examiner No. 659. 761/2 An old..hardy Highland Chieftain was up to no such mawkish sentiments.
1856 J. W. Carlyle Lett. (1883) II. 282 I was up to nothing but lying on the sofa all the evening.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 225 The fence..is barely up to the weight of six hundred bullocks..at a high degree of momentum.
1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xvii. 179 To provide situations for elderly men who are no longer up to their work.
(b) Well aware of and prepared for; competent to deal with; a match for.
ΚΠ
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) Up to their gossip.
1806 S. Lennox Life & Lett. (1901) II. 202 To be up to all the wiles and arts used to entrap them.
c1830 M. M. Sherwood Houlston Tracts III. lxxxi. 10 To use a vulgar phrase very common with us servants at that time, I was so far up to Anne Simpson, that..I would not be put upon by her.
1864 W. H. Ainsworth John Law III. v. ix. 19 Sir Patrick and I are both wide awake,..so we shall be up to their tricks.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 321 It takes a smart man to be up to chaps of their sort.
(c) Thoroughly acquainted with; expert or versed in; possessing a thorough knowledge of.In frequent use from c1840.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > skilled at or versed in [phrase]
up to ——1800
up in ——1839
up on ——1896
1800 C. Lamb Let. 3 Nov. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1975) I. 244 Does not want explanations, translations, limitations, as Professor Godwin does when you make an assertion. Up to any thing. Down to every thing.
1823 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner (ed. 2) iii. v. 88 Sam is not up to many things about a horse.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxii. 171 They are a..well-educated set of men, thoroughly up to the history of what has been done by others.
(d) Ready for. (Cf. 10e.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adjective] > ready or prompt
radeOE
rekenOE
ratheOE
freshc1175
gradelyc1275
quickc1300
freea1393
readya1425
promptc1425
forward1523
forwards1598
cheerful1600
alacritous1821
up to ——1849
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxv. 236 She was up to any party of pleasure by whomsoever proposed.
1893 C. M. Yonge Girl's Little Bk. 23 Boys fancy they like a jolly girl up to anything,..but they do not respect her.
b.
(a) Equal in quality or quantity to (something specified); on a level with.See also to keep up 9 at keep v. Phrasal verbs 1, and the phrases under dick n.3, knocker n. 2c, nine n. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > equality [phrase] > equal
of a rate1542
much at one1686
on a par1726
much of a muchness1728
much of a piece1741
up to ——1809
honours even1864
1809 W. Windham Let. in Speeches Parl. (1812) I. 114 Though I am considerably above my rate of London health, I am..not quite up to that which residence here ought to have given me.
1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 11 He feared that Mr. Nicholas, whose mind was not yet up to the mark of the times, would undertake the answer.
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xv. 222 The Baronet is not up to the nineteenth century.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Excursions (1863) 293 Of course no flavors are thrown away; they are intended for the taste that is up to them.
1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/5 The harvest of this year was up to a full average.
(b) not up to much, of no great ability, importance, or worth.
ΚΠ
1863 M. E. Braddon Aurora Floyd xxi The new chap warn't up to mooch.
1884 G. A. Sala Journey due South i. ix The shoes were not, to use a vulgarism, ‘up to much’.
(c) dialect. Even with (a person). Cf. 20b.
ΚΠ
1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xiv But I'll be up to her... I'll make her a pudding, and a pudding she'll like, too.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 371 ‘I'll be up to you’; i.e. I'll retaliate.
c. Engaged in or bent on (some activity, esp. of a reprehensible nature); occupying or concerning oneself with; doing or planning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupied or busy [phrase] > in some pursuit
in wing of?1482
up to ——1837
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxvii. 278 What's the old 'un up to, now?
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxxix. 392 They are still up to it, sir,..still taking stock, still examining papers.
1875 W. S. Gilbert Tom Cobb i That Whipple's up to some bedevilment.
1890 R. C. Lehmann Harry Fludyer 84 I suppose you've been up to some of your games again.
d. colloquial. Obligatory or incumbent upon. Originally U.S.From the game of poker; in common use from c1913.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > [phrase] > incumbent upon
on (also upon) one's hands (also hand)?1529
up to ——1896
1896 G. Ade Artie ii. 11 Up to me—see!
1901 S. Crane Monster 212 It's up to us to whirl in an' git some of it.
1902 J. B. Greenough & G. L. Kittredge Words 56 So with the poker terms ‘ante up’ and ‘it is up to you’.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 4/2 It was ‘up to him’, then, as an American would put it, to say that he had done this thing.
e. to be up to (a master), to be tutored by (him). Public School colloquial (chiefly Eton College slang).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > [verb (transitive)] > be pupil of
to go to school (to, (also with))a1450
to sit at the feet of1578
to sit under ——1631
to be up to1874
1874 C. M. Yonge Life J. C. Patteson I. ii. 19 The lower remove of the fourth form..was then ‘up to’ the Rev. Charles Old Goodford, i.e. that was he who taught the division so called in school.
1910 A. Huxley Let. 15 Feb. (1969) 33 This half we are all up to that ignorant creature Heygate. I have successfully proved his ignorance.
1927 H. E. Wortham Oscar Browning vii. 99 Curzon was subsequently ‘up to him’.
1977 A. J. Ayer Part of My Life ii. 36 In the official language of the school..to be in a master's division was to be up to him.
20. up with —— (See also 11e, 12f.)figurative.1785 R. Burns Poems 211 We'll gar our streams an' burnies shine Up wi' the best.1899 A. Werner Captain of Locusts 41 But I don't worry myself to keep up with things, as people say.
a. On a level with (a person, place, etc.).
ΚΠ
1623 R. Jobson Golden Trade 8 When the day appeared we were up with the Iland of Launcerot.
a1633 G. Herbert Priest to Temple (1652) ii. 5 They are not to be over-submissive and base, but to keep up with the Lord and Lady of the house.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii We have a stearn-Chase, but we shall be up with her presently.
1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xxxviii She makes for the vestry... The two whiskeyfied gentlemen are up with her, however.
1893 G. Chesney Lesters ii. xxi Lionel..was the only one quite up with the hounds at the last.
b. Even with; quits with. Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > equality [phrase] > equal or even with
on even board with1631
on (also upon) the square1692
in with1741
up with ——1741
upsides with1746
(to be) upshots (with)1877
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxiii. 308 Let me turn myself about, and I'll be up with you, never fear, Madam.
1775 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 3 Feb. (1778) But I will certainly be up with him to-morrow.
1800 F. Lathom Dash of Day iv. i I'll be up with her for her deceit, I am determined.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) I'se be up wi' him for that.
1899 Cumberland Gloss. 351.
Compounds
General attributive in phrases used attributively. Cf. up-and-coming adj.
up-all-night adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [adjective] > out of bed or staying up
perdu1634
up-all-night1856
up1958
1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xx. 170 A curious up-all-night air about it.
1891 S. Mostyn Curatica 158 Chimney tops, and up-all-night-looking window blinds.
up-and-at-'em adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective]
sprindeOE
livelyOE
kaskc1300
wightc1300
courageousc1386
wighty14..
wieldya1413
ablec1440
tall of hand1530
sappy1558
energical1565
energetical1585
greenya1586
stout1600
strenuous1602
forceful?1624
actuous1626
vigorous1638
vivid1638
high-spirited1653
hearty1665
actuose1677
living1699
full-blooded1707
executive1708
rugged1731
sousing1735
energic1740
bouncing1743
two-fisted1774
energetic1782
zestful1797
rollicking1801
through-ganging1814
throughgoing1814
slashing1828
high-powered1829
high pressure1834
rip-roaring1834
red-blooded1836
ripsnorting1846
zesty1853
dynamic1856
throbbing1864
goey1875
torpedoic1893
kinky1903
zippy1903
go-at-it1904
punchy1907
up-and-at-'em1909
driving1916
vibranta1929
kinetic1931
zinging1931
high-octane1936
zingy1938
slam-bang1939
balls-to-the-wall1967
balls-out1968
ass-kicking1977
hi-octane1977
1909 O. H. Ball Their Oxf. Year 193 It was always the up-and-at-'em aspect of things that appealed to him.
1933 D. Thomas Let. 25 Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 82 You like the..‘up-&-at 'em’..shoutings of Mr. Kipling.
up in-the-air adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > [adjective] > of or belonging to the air > existing in the air
aerya1398
airlya1398
airya1398
airishc1450
aerial?1545
airsome1584
aerian1618
aericala1678
atmospheric1789
up in-the-air1848
1848 A. H. Clough Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich ii. 70 A sort of unnatural up-in-the-air balloon-work.
up-in-the-roof adj.
ΚΠ
1898 Westm. Gaz. 4 June 7/1 The mere up in the roof ventilation.
up-with-the-times adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the present (time) > [adjective] > modern
modern1585
new-schoolish1844
New World1847
latter day1850
contemporary1859
unantiquated1859
todayish1864
contemporaneous1871
modernistic1878
presentist1878
up to date1888
down to date1893
up-with-the-times1893
de nos jours1909
up to the minute1909
chromium-plate1924
chromium-plated1924
contempo1944
now1955
New Wave1960
nouveau1974
1893 K. Sanborn Truthful Woman S. Calif. 4 In that brilliant and up-with-the-times city.
Draft additions 1993
up on —— = up in —— at sense 18 above). colloquial (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > skilled at or versed in [phrase]
up to ——1800
up in ——1839
up on ——1896
1896 G. Ade Artie xvi. 150 'Lias asked me to..ask Uncle Matt if he had a left-handed monkey wrench. How was I to know? I ain't up on monkey-wrenches.
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §836/2 Know thoroughly, be hep, be smarted or wised up, be up on one's stuff.
1958 E. H. Clements Uncommon Cold i. 16 Keep me clued up about Remin's doings.
1978 W. Hjortsberg Falling Angel (1979) xxx. 143 ‘Château Margaux forty-seven’, Cyphre said... ‘Thanks’, I said. ‘I'm not much up on wine.’
1987 New Breed Sept. 56/2 Not only must the pseudo know the background and manner of the men they impersonate, but they must be up on the latest news.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† upprep.1
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ Obsolete.
I. Denoting motion or direction.
1.
a. So as to reach, or be on, by ascension.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > up [preposition]
upc1000
upwardc1485
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 30 Þa ferdon hig uppan Oliuetes dune.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1083 Sume of ðam cnihtan ferdon uppon þone uppflore.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12979 Heo..stiȝen up [c1300 Otho vppe] þan hulle.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4179 Þo he com vpe þe hul an hey.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 166 The Philosofre lepid vp the mule.
b. Denoting arrival upon (a coast, etc.) from sea.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6971 Heo droȝen heore scipen uppe þe lond.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 362 Þo he was iwar Þat such folc was ariued..vp his londe.
2.
a. On or upon. (In various contexts.)
ΚΠ
c960 Rule St. Benet (1885) lviii. 100 Sona swa he þæt gewrit uppan ðam altare lecge, beginne þis fers.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxi. 44 Se þe fylð uppan þysne stan, he byð tobrysed.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 35 [Þe] saule..ne mei abeoren alla þa sunne þe þe mon uppon hire deð.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 21 Þe holie gast wile cumen uppen þe.
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 129 Slep go uppe ðe ase þu lokest þeron [sc. holy reading].
c1250 Owl & Night. 1625 Me may vppe [v.r. up one] smale sticke Me sette a wude in þe þikke.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6617 Þe crune he nom an honden. he setten heo vppe Costance.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3242 And þet deor he smat a-nan uppe [c1300 Otho ouenon] þat hæued-bæn.
1297 R. Glouc (Rolls) 3624 Þo þe niȝt vpe hom com.
a1325 Prose Psalter lii. 3 God loked fram heuen vp mennes sones.
a1325 Prose Psalter liv. 4 Drede of deþ fel vp me.
a1325 Prose Psalter cxviii. 135 Liȝt þi face vp þi seruant.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 210 Ssete þe dore ope þe.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xi. 203 For-þi loue we as leue bretheren shal and vche man laughe vp other.
14.. Cron. Eng. (Caxton) ccxxiii. 222 Thousandes fell to the ground eche vp other in to a hepe.
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §1. 14 Rekene..which is the day of thi monthe & ley thi reule vp that same day.
b. Denoting desire: After, for.
ΚΠ
a1200 Vices & Virtues 51 Alle ȝe Adames children ðe bieð lustfull uppe newe wastmes.
3.
a. In hostile encounter with or attack on; in active opposition to.
ΚΠ
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1086 Þa hæðenan men..hergodan uppon þam Xpenan mannan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5268 Carrais..bigon ræuinge uppen [c1300 Otho vppe] Basian þene kinge.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5054 Vor naȝt we abbeþ so ofte vpe hom ywonne þat lond.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8987 Þe erl..bigan to rere worre vpe þe king of france.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 6680 (Kölbing) Þe king of þe hundred kniȝtes Com hem vp þo forþ riȝtes.
b. Against (as an accusation, penalty, etc.).
ΚΠ
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1094 Hi..ealne þone bryce uppon þone cyng tealdon.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Þermide [hie] brohten godes wraðe uppen hem.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 105 Werpeð þat gilt uppen ure drihten.
a1250 Owl & Night. 1683 (Cott.) Schille ich an utest uppen ow grede.
c1290 Beket 1466 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 148 Mo luþere dedene þe king bi-þouȝte ȝeot ope seint thomas.
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xlii. 109 That..bissopes ȝeuen þe grete sentense ope alle þulke þat aȝen þe foreseide chartres goz.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ii. 159 Vp man for hus mysdedes þe mercement he taxeþ.
II. Denoting rest or location.
4.
a. On or upon. (In various contexts.)
ΚΠ
α.
β. a1175 Cott. Hom. 239 Alse fele unþeawes alse [he] hade upe him and sennenn.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 93 Ðe asse þe ure helende uppe set.c1250 in Old Eng. Misc. 164 Moni of þisse riche Þat..rideþ uppe stede and uppen [v.r. uppon] palefrai.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6559 Vppe a chaere he sat adoun al vpe þe se sonde.c1315 Shoreham ii. 176 Ase þou þoledest, lord, for me Ope caluaryes doune.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 180 Þe wedercoc þet is ope þe steple.γ. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 494 Euerich vp oþer rideþ.c1275 Laȝamon Brut 25758 Noht hii ne funde cwic vp þan hulle.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6299 King edmond..lenede vp is sseld.c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 1344 Op þe scheld was drawe A crowch of ihesu cristes lawe.a1325 Prose Psalter xlvi. 8 God shal sitten vp his holy sege.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. i. 12 Þe toure vp þe toft.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. ix. 99 Lesyng of tyme..Is moste yhated vp erthe of hem þat beth in heuene.1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 184 Thay mete wyth kynge Gurgnynce vp the See.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xli. 408 What sygnefyeth this kynge and this quene, and that knyght standynge vp bothe their hedes?c1000 Ælfric Genesis xlix. 32 He feold his fet uppan his bed.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 19 Þa gesawon hig þone Hælend uppan þære sæ gan.
a1175 Cott. Hom. 243 Cnihtscipe is mannes lif upen eorðe.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 147 Þa þe he hefde uppen his hefde þornene helm.
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 108 Ȝe beoð ouer þisse worldes see uppen ðe brugge of heouene.
c1250 Prov. Ælfred 262 in Old Eng. Misc. 118 For he schal vppen eorþe dreori i-wurþe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11969 Uppen [c1300 Otho vp-on] þan gras-bedde his gost he bi-læfde.
b. So as to be suspended from or supported on.
ΚΠ
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 41 Uppon þan treon he him sceawede þe wrecche saulen a-honge.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13214 Alle heo sculleð heongien. heȝe uppen [c1300 Otho vppe] treouwe.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 5863 Of ȝoure hors a-liþteþ and vp ȝoure feot stondeþ.
c1280 Christ on Cross 23 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 21 Man bi-hold what ic for þe þolid up þe rode tre.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7734 He wolde him sulf vp is fot..Liȝtliche ssete.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2809 Þe hert & þe hind..ferden ferst on foure fet & seþþe vp tweyne.
c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) i. 273 This ferdell of gere I ley vp my bakke.
c. In transferred or figurative uses.
ΚΠ
α., β.
γ. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2320 Vp quam ðu it findes, witterlike.a1325 Prose Psalter xl. 3 Our Lord be to hym helpe up þe charge of his sorowe.a1325 Prose Psalter xlvi. 8 God shal regne vp men.c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. xi. 21 Vp vnnobley [L. secundum ignobilitatem].1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 129 Ther-for god..granted hym mervellous victori vp his enemys.., Namly vp the morthes.c1200 Vices & Vertues 31 Ðat liht of his ansiene is ȝemarked riht uppen us.
c1200 Vices & Vertues 71 Bereð min ȝoc uppe ȝeu.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5032 Þo vel he in siknesse & sorwe vpen oþer.
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxxvii. 99 Þat he..vsurpede some fraunchises, ore occupiede, ope þe kinge ore his predecessours.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 861 Whan a wolf wanteþ his fode,..he ne fundeþ no flech to feden him vppe.
c1340 Ayenb. 54 Þo þet habbeþ þe lhordssip ope þe bodyes.
5.
a. up(pe) land, = uponland adv.
ΚΠ
?c1000 Ags. Letter in Eng. Stud. VIII. 62 Þu byst uppan lande mid wimmannum oftor þonne ic beo.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1086 To ælcen cyrcean uppe land.
c1250 Owl & Night. 733 Preostes vpe londe singeþ.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 698 (Kölbing) Al þe men..Boþe vp lond & in cite.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Aij Well he noted, the madde enormyte Enuy,..Whiche reygne in cytes, therfore he ledde his lyfe Up londe in vyllage.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. x. sig. V7v They came vnto a Citie farre vp land . View more context for this quotation
b. On the bank or brink of; close beside.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14244 Uppe [c1300 Otho Vppen] þere Tambre heo tuhte to-somne.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4 He wonede..at æðelen are chirechen. vppen Seuarne staþe.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 251 Ope þo welle þe herte resteþ efter þe trauayl of guode workes.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 251 He him zette and restede ope þe welle.
a1500 in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 96 The kyng made a grete justysse be-syde Kyngys towne uppe Temys.
6.
a. On or upon, in respect of belief, etc.
ΚΠ
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 Cursed be þe man þe leueð upen hwate.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 93 Þo forsineȝede þe hauen al here þonc uppen eorðliche richeise.
a1240 in Old Eng. Hom. I. 213 Þu..lettest me al iwurden wið þeo þet ich truste uppon.
a1300 X Commandments 23 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 16 Hi..þat liuiþ op goddis mo þan one.
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 922 So frendely, and so wel y-grounded, Vp al resoun so wel y-founded.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 88 Up trust of absolucioun.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 333 Vp trist of ȝoure tresour tryennels to haue.
?1462 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 99 Vp trust that the same John Paston shuld founde ther a college.
b. According to; in accordance or agreement with; to the extent of.
ΚΠ
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5137 Ac vpe godes wille it is, wanne it ssal be.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5657 He.. vpe is poer destruede..cristendom.
c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 456 And helpe þou me to knicte Oppe þine myȝte.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ix. 29 Vp ȝour feith be it don to ȝou.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 2 Sam. xxii. 21 The Lord schal ȝelde to me vp my riȝtfulnesse.
c. By (chance, guess, etc.).
ΚΠ
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2722 So brod was þe see þat sayle hem bihoued holliche al a niȝt & vp happe, wel more.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 421 I nam nouȝte shryuen..tweies in two ȝere and þanne vp gesse I schryue me.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 375 But vp hap þu art a clerke or a religious man.
c1510 Gest Robyn Hode 49 Wayte after some vnkuth gest Vp chaunce ye may them mete.
d. In comment on or explication of; concerning.
ΚΠ
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 187 Ase zayþ a glose ope the sautere.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xi. 113 Þre daies to-gederes we ȝeoden, Disputynge vp dowel daye after oþere.
c1400 Three Kings Cologne 39 After þe glose þat is made vp þis tixt.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 123 Wp whych matyer, Arystotle answerid in this maner.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 202 Vp this texte Saynte Austyn sayth thus.
7.
a. On or upon (oath, condition, etc.).
ΚΠ
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1095 Forþam se cyng him naþer nolde ne gislas syllan, ne uppon trywðan geunnon þæt he..cumon moste.
a1200 Vices & Virtues 11 Ic habbe..uppe mine lahfulnesse ofte him behet, þat ic næure eft him neȝelæste.
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse (Fairf.) 750 I telle hyt the vp a condicioun.
a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 228 ‘Dame,’ he saide, ‘beo thou nought loth, Y am y-come to telle up oth’.
c1400 Gamelyn 411 Vp suche forward..I wil do þerto alle þat in me is.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 175 The tyraunt hit grauntid vp that covnantte.
b. Upon pain or under penalty of; on.Frequently c1380–1430, esp. with pain, peril.
ΚΠ
(a)
(b)c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2552 Al comen to Lundene. uppe wite of feowerti punden.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 24 Þat þei ben holden to vp peyne of lesynge of here lordischipe.c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 563 And ye shul seen, vp peril of my lyf,..That [etc.].1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 128 Neiþer graue ne vngraue of gold ne of suluer, Vp forfeture of þe fee.14.. Cron. Eng. (Caxton) ccxxi. 213 That they shold smyte of syr edmondes heede..vp payne of lyf and lymme.1474 Cov. Leet Bk. 389 Vp þe peyn of vj s. viij d. at euery defalt.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 251 Þat come to hirede...vppen [c1300 Otho vppe] lif & vppen [c1300 Otho uppe] leomen al þes londes folc.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2378 Helpes hastily, hende men i hote, vp ȝour liues!
a1400 Coer de L. 3875 He..bad hys folk, up lyff and leme, Noo good off hem for to neme.
c1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 120 He.., vp mansynge, forbed lered & lewed, that non [etc.].
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 38 A confortatife And remedye I shal make, up my life.
8. More than; above.
ΚΠ
a1325 Prose Psalter l. 8 Y shal be made whyȝte vp snowe.
a1325 Prose Psalter li. 3 Þou louedest malice up blisfolhede.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Þer byeþ zuo uele oþre maneres.., þet long þing hit were to zigge, ac zome byeþ y-contined, ope þan þet byeþ yzed.
III. In respect of time.
9. After (a specified time). Cf. over prep. 18.
ΚΠ
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) x. 11 (margin) On sunnan dæg feowertyne nyht uppan eastron.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1095 Uppon Eastron on sancte Ambrosius mæsse niht, þæt is .ii. no. Apr. [etc.].
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1103 On morgen uppon sancte Laurentius mæsse dæg.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11133 Seouen niht uppen [c1300 Otho vppe] Æstre.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3193 Þa hit wes muchel uppe non þe king þene duc ouer-com.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 2632 Vppen one stunde þe sipes i-maked were.
c1290 Beket 1123 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 138 Þene moruwe ope seint lucus day, tiwesdai it was þo [sc. 19 Oct.], he departede fram þe kingus court.
10. At; upon (a stated time).
ΚΠ
a1200 Vices & Virtues 123 Ȝif mann ware..uppen his deaðe, and he prest ne mihte habben.
c1290 Beket 825 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 130 Alle..seide þo þat..ope þe pointe he was to beon i-cast In prisone.
c1315 Shoreham v. 151 Ope þe heȝe eȝtynde day He order-ȝede þe gywen lay.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 1153 Here woful spirit from his propre place, Right with þe word, alwey vp poynt to pace.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
upprep.2
/ʌp/, U.S. /əp/ I. Denoting or implying movement.
1. in combination.1732 E. Erskine Wks. (1791) 598/2 This phrase..implies, that religion is an up-the-hill work and way.figurative.1824 Wilson in Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 242 Abusing the Germans up-hill and down-dale.1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxv. 416 All this time, Martin was cursing Mr. Pecksniff up hill and down dale.
a. From a lower to a higher point on or along (an ascent); so as to ascend or mount (a stair, slope, etc.).
ΚΠ
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1555) xxvii. Q iij After that they brought me vp a stayre Into a chambre.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 828/1 Up the hyll and downe the vale.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. iii. 36 As you go vp the lobby.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 9 Hee may eyther runne..vp hils, or down hils.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 155 Vp Fish-streete, downe Saint Magnes corner,..throw them into Thames. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 112 The Sun..When up the Skies, he shoots his rosie Head. View more context for this quotation
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 160 The..exhalations, check'd As up the middle sky unseen they stole.
a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 297 Sae far I sprachl'd up the brae.
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 30 A heaven-illumined road; That..Reach'd o'er the hills, and lengthen'd up the sky.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xviii. 174 If your way is up Pall Mall, I have no objection to join you.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 366 By which the weight on the horse's back is regulated in going up or down hill.
1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason i. 8 Who, up the temple steps, beneath the weight Of precious things went bending.
b. Extending upwards on.
ΚΠ
1574 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) i. 101 The Raylles vpe the steares goynge vpe vnto the Wache towere.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 159 The vineyard..Spreads o'er the vale; or up the mountain climbs.
1756 Constat in L.T.R. Particulars for Leases 4974 (P.R.O.) The dimensions up one pair of Stairs are only Thirty one Feet.
c. Up into. U.S. local.
ΚΠ
1774 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. 16 July in Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 209 She then retired up chamber.
1775 Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. XLVIII. 48 Stevens ordered us out of our chamber..so we moved up garet.
1834 C. A. Davis Lett. J. Downing, Major xvi. 110 I..walked straight up chamber.
1834 S. Smith Sel. Lett. Major Jack Downing lix. 195 When they undertook to cum up-chamber,..it was time to snub 'em.
1853 B. F. Taylor January & June (1871) 208 Let us go up garret and play.
1893 S. Hale Let. 22 May (1919) 282 Louise..is now carrying some new pails up garret.
d. coarse slang. Of a man: having sexual intercourse with.
ΚΠ
1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 926/2 Up,..in coïtion with (a woman): low: late (? mid-) C. 19–20.
1973 ‘J. Patrick’ Glasgow Gang Observed xii. 108 We've aw been up her.
1977 C. Watson One Man's Meat viii. 74 The younger man said to the older: ‘I'd rather be up her than up in Newcastle.’
2. Along (a river, etc.) in a direction from the mouth towards the source.
ΚΠ
1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 465 To ane bot [going] wp the watter with cabillis,..xiiij s.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccclxv They brought in vitayle both vp the streame & down.
1600 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 384/1 Haldand up the said burne to the inver of the burne of Auldclachrie.
1659 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1920) IV. 95 Alexandria, from whence I went up the Riuer Nilus to Cairo.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 38 All the Factories on the Coast..as far as the Bay of Bengala, and up Huygly River.
1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 15 It was propos'd we should take a Voyage up its Banks.
1814 W. Scott Diary 3 Sept. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. viii. 266 With the purpose of running up the loch to see Londonderry.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 191 The Dutch fleet sailed up the Thames.
1877 A. B. Edwards (title) A Thousand Miles up the Nile.
3.
a. Towards the inner or upper end of; into or towards the interior of. Also transferred.
ΚΠ
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ix. sig. T7v His name was Awe; by whom they passing in Went vp the hall. View more context for this quotation
a1700 in Orpheus Caledonius (1725) 28 The wooer he step'd up the House.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 63 The Treasure..being sent up the Country..out of our Reach.
1808 Sketches of Character I. iii. 54 Lady Aucherly..sauntered up the room with her three disconsolate nieces.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 482 William's army began to march up the country.
1863 M. Reid Croquet (1865) i. 25 A ball croque'd beyond the boundaries is sent to ‘Hong Kong’, or ‘up the country’.
b. up yours, an exclamation of contemptuous rejection, often used imperatively (and accompanied by an impolite gesture) [shortened < up your arse (or a similar expression): compare shove v.1 10e.] coarse slang.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [adjective] > obscene oaths
white-arsed1903
frigging1930
up yours1956
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > obscene oaths
kiss my arse1705
to shove something up your ass1895
get stuffed1952
up yours1956
ya bass1968
feck1992
kiss my chuddies1998
1956 ‘E. McBain’ Cop Hater ii. 18 ‘How's the graft these days?’.. ‘Up yours,’ Carella answered drily.
1969 B. Malamud Pictures of Fidelman vi. 208 Fidelman blew a..green horse for Beppo..‘Up yours,’ said the glass blower.
1970 A. Toffler Future Shock viii. 154 The upraised finger—the ‘up yours’ gesture—appears to be gaining greater respectability.
1975 J. Symons Three Pipe Probl. xviii. 208 She made a V sign at the audience, said distinctly ‘Up yours’.
1978 J. Hyams Pool xi. 168 ‘Up yours, Richie Lesser,’ Freda said without malice. ‘I'm smarter than you are any day.’
4. In a direction contrary to; against.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Prendre le vent, to goe vp, or against, the wind.
1618 N. Breton Court & Country A 4 For one that goes up the weather a number goe downe the winde.
1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 77 The Hunts-man [should]..then draw round apace, first down the Wind, though usually Deer go up the Wind.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 269 The Fox has broke Covert..she runs up the Wind.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 45 I gaed a mile round to get up the wind to them.
1838 W. Scrope Art Deer-stalking 17 Deer..always run up wind.
5. Along (in a horizontal direction or straight course). up street (dialect), along the street or village.
ΚΠ
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 20 Port, edge towards him [sc. a ship]. We will run up his Side.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 318 Thus Beating from the hither towards the farther side, is in Press-mens phrase called Going up the Form.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 181 I went up the Shore and down the Shore, but..could see no other Impression.
1760 S. Johnson Idler 19 Jan. 17 He..walks up a By-street.
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. xxv. 134 The sun strikes, through the windows, up the floor.
1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 718/1 It is approached up an avenue.
1886 J. A. Froude Oceana 63 After breakfast we went up the town.
II. Denoting location.
6. in combination.1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xi. 210 We're just plain up-the-country folk.1897 Outing 29 424 Up-the-creek natives.
a. In that part of (a place) which is (regarded as) higher than another, or is more remote from the chief centre.
ΚΠ
1667 S. Pepys Diary 8 Sept. (1974) VIII. 426 Nova Scotia, which hath a River 300 miles up the country, with copper mines.
1751 T. Gray Elegy xxviii. 10 Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood was he.
1795 T. Wilkinson Wandering Patentee III. 244 She turned quite round up the stage, (though not in character) as much as to say, kiss—.
1799 Hull Advertiser 12 Oct. 1/1 All those five tenements up the yard.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 92 Far up the lake 'twere safest land.
1885 J. K. Jerome On Stage 43 Mind you all keep well up the stage (‘up’ the stage means towards the back).
1890 Cent. Mag. Aug. 634/1 The man who abandoned a farm up the Hudson.
b. U.S. Up in (the), up at. Cf. sense 1c.
ΚΠ
1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. ix. 344 You will find..in the bottom of my chest, up garret, five dollars and a quarter.
1862 M. D. Colt Went to Kansas xiv. 274 My nephew is..teaching among the Indians up Lake Superior.
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxvi. 220 Up garret was a little cubby, with a pallet in it.
1923 R. Frost Two Witches in New Hampsh. 66 Then we asked was there anything Up attic that we'd ever want again.
c. Up at. colloquial and dialect.
ΚΠ
1960 M. Spark Ballad of Peckham Rye vi. 122 Collie Gould up the Elephant with young Leslie.
1967 J. Burke Till Death us do Part xi. 165 ‘Where you been? That's what I want to know.’ ‘Up the pictures.’
1975 A. Drummond Thames Jrnls. Vicesimus Lush 23 Vicesimus Lush..was living in a cottage near the Hape mine—‘up the Hape’ in the local speech.
7.
a. At the top of. Cf. upstairs adv. and n. 2.
ΚΠ
1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith xxiii. 261 Heaven.., when sight [of faith] faileth us, [is] toylesome and up the mount.
1741 Mem. Martinus Scriblerus 4 in A. Pope Wks. II His lodging was in a small chamber up four pair of stairs.
1833 T. Moore Trav. Irish Gentleman in Search Relig. I. 1 As I was sitting alone in my chambers, up two pair of stairs, Trinity College.
1846 Ld. Tennyson Golden Year in Poems (ed. 4) II. 88 We that day had been Up Snowdon.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. ii. 12 He'll..sleep up three pair o' stairs—or four, for what I know.
b. At some distance up on or in. Cf. uphill adj., upstairs adv. and n. 2.For figurative expressions see gum tree n. Phrases 1, tree n. Phrases, sleeve n. 2b, spout n. Phrases 2.
ΚΠ
1890 Daily News 19 June 6/1 At the finish Barrett had considerably more up his sleeve than the three lengths with which he finished.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
> see also
also refers to : up-prefix
also refers to : -upsuffix
> as lemmas
U.P.
U.P. n. United Presbyterian.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [adjective] > United Presbyterian
United Presbyterian1847
U.P.1864
1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) U.P., United Presbyterian. Scotch clerical Slang.
1878 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 647/1 Protracted negotiations for union between the U.P. and Free Churches have been without result.
U.P.
U.P. n. United Provinces (of Agra and Oudh, India), now, Uttar Pradesh.
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [noun] > India > parts of
W.I.1848
U.P.1908
Hindi belt1956
Hindi heartland1962
1908 Resolution on Administration Famine Relief in United Provinces of Agra & Oudh 1907 & 1908 ii. 18 (table) Statement showing percentage outturn of the autumn harvest in terms of normal yield on normal area... Total, U.P. of Agra and Oudh. 39 31.
1919 Indian Ann. Reg. iv. 148 U.P. Provincial Conference. Special Session—11 Aug. 1918.
1947 G. Cunningham Diary in N. Mitchell Sir George Cunningham (1968) vii. 146 He has been in Kashmir (Uri front) for three-and-a-half-months with 200 of his ‘fanatics’ (mostly U.P. Muslims).
1963 Listener 21 Mar. 520/2 One would pass them [sc. Gurkhas] in the U.P. foothills.
1975 Listener 30 Oct. 558/3 Mrs Naidu, the famous poetess..was..Governor of the UP.
U.P.
U.P. n. United Press.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > news agency > specific
Reuters1860
Reuters1870
U.P.1915
Tass1925
U.P.I.1958
1915 Oregon Daily Jrnl. 13 Apr. 1/2 London, April 13.—(U.P.)—French aviators dropped bombs upon Hamburg..yesterday.
1943 C. Hollingworth German just behind Me v. 84 The Ministry of Propaganda issued a statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which denied the U.P. story entirely.
1960 R. St. John Foreign Correspondent x. 222 We were forty-eight hours ahead of UP.
U.P.
U.P. n. United Party (spec. of South Africa).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > African politics > [noun] > South African politics > specific parties
remskoen party1898
S.A.P.1920
African National Congress1923
OB1940
Ossewa Brandwag1940
U.P.1943
ANC1952
1943 Cape Times 29 July 4/7 The first election result to arrive at this office last evening was Major Piet van der Byl's at Bredasdorp—a smashing U.P. victory.
1959 Ann. Reg. 1958 101 On 10 November, the detention of 43 members of the U.P. was ordered after government allegations of a plot to assassinate Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister.
1971 Progress (Cape Town) May 1/2 Cutting the U.P. majority in North Rand by 1688 votes..Progressive candidate John Wilding has shown a considerable swing to the Progressive Party.
U.P.
U.P. n. the spelling pronunciation of up adv.2 12e, = over, finished, beyond remedy.extracted from Un.1UP
UP n. U.S. Upper Peninsula (of the state of Michigan).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun] > specific
fare1653
the Cape1667
UP1881
1881 C. F. Wheeler & E. F. Smith Catal. Phaenogamous & Vascular Cryptogamous Plants Mich. 22 Frequent in the U. P., and abundant in the lower, forming extensive groves either alone or in connection with beech.
1958 Mich. Alumnus Q. Rev. 24 May 270 The author has three other novels based on law practising in the U.P.
1997 Daily Globe (Ironwood, Mich.) 29 July 13/6 We're pleased Superior Transportation is..putting these buses back into service to meet the mobility needs of the UP region.
2005 M. O'Connor Bitch Posse iii. 22 After their wedding came the move to the Upper Peninsula... Her in-laws, the parents she never had, initiated her into all the charming ways of the UP.
<
n.1536
adj.a1400v.1560
adv.1c825adv.2c897
prep.1c960
prep.21509see also
as lemmas
- premonstrate
- premonstratense
- pre-eminenced
- pre-eminency
- pre-eminent
- pre-eminently
- pre-eminentness
- pre-emphasis
- pre-emphasize
- pre-emphasized
- pre-employ
- pre-employment
- pre-empt
- pre-empted
- pre-emptible
- pre-empting
- pre-emption
- pre-emption right
- pre-emptioner
- pre-emptive
- pre-emptive right
- pre-emptive self-defence
- pre-emptive strike
- pre-emptively
- pre-emptor