untilprep.conj.

Brit.

/(ə)nˈtɪl/,

/(ˌ)ʌnˈtɪl/, U.S.

/ˌənˈtɪl/,

/ənˈtɪl/

Forms: α. Middle English Orm. unntill, Middle English–1600s vn-, Middle English–1800s untill (1600s untell), Middle English, 1500s vn-, Middle English–1500s untyll (Middle English unetyll); Middle English vn-, Middle English (1800s archaic) untille, Middle English untylle, vntylle ( yn-); Middle English–1600s vntil, Middle English–1500s vntyl, Middle English– until. β. Middle English (1800s dialect) ontil, ScottishMiddle English ontyll, onetil, Middle English–1500s ontill.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Etymons: Norse und, English till.

Etymology: Middle English (originally northern) untill , < Old Norse und (retained only in unz , undz = und es ), = Gothic und (and untē ), Old Saxon und (usually unt ), Old Frisian und (ont ), up to, as far as + till till prep., conj., and adv.

A. prep.In poetry occasionally put after the n. (or pron.).

I. Local (and derived senses), dative, etc. Latterly Scottish and northern.

a. To, unto (denoting motion to and reaching a person or place); = till prep. 1.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1399 Forr whatt teȝȝ fellenn sone dun Off heoffne. & inn till helle.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13086 Wiþ hym vntil wode þey fled.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2311 Þe Amerel vm-til a wyndow ran.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5123 Þan he went vntil his in.

a1450 Le Morte Arth. 3858 Streyght vnto hys bed he yode, And clepyd the bysshope hym vntylle.

1478 Eng. Misc. (Surtees Soc. 85) 37 Unto all theis untill whome this presentes shal com.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. iv. f. iiij Then came vntyll hym the tempter.

1561 Newe Enterlude Script. Queene Hester sig. Bj^v Then shall I brynge her the kynge vntyll.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. K7^v He rousd himselfe full blyth, and hastned them vntill.

?a1800 Jock o' the Side xiii, in W. Scott Min. When they cam the gate until.

1824 J. Telfer Border Ballads 43 It dirlit upthrow the twinklinge holes, The second lifte untille.

b. Up to (a point or limit); as far as; so as to reach; = till prep. 1b.

ΚΠ

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10554 Fro þe Weste or Est vntil Moungow He was told of non honour.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 42 Þe folk vntille Humber to Suane gan þei loute.

c1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 52 I prechid in Neptalym, þat lande, And Zabulon even vn-till ende.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xx. 1 Then wente the children of Israel out and gathered a congregacion,..from Dan vntill Bersaba.

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Communion sig. D.i Upon the holy dayes..shalbe sayde all that is appoynted.., vntyl the ende of the Homelie.

1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 211 Staires of yron ascending vp vntill the midst of the pillers.

1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale xi. 311 A woman..Which att her necke, vntill her dugges dependinge, Wore the ritch rubie.

a1765 Ld. Thomas & Fair Annet xxviii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. 183/2 Lord Thomas..strake the dagger untill his heart.

c. In contact with; against.

ΚΠ

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1138 Sarmentes..Vntil a reed for turnyng bounden fast.

1777 R. Forbes Ulysses' Answer 38 in Sel. Coll. Sc. Poems He shook the blade, an'..Set the heft to the ground, The nib until his breast.

a1803 Cruel Mother iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 221/1 She's set her back untill an oak.

a1803 Cruel Mother iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i.

a. To, towards; unto; = till prep. 2.

ΚΠ

a1300 Cursor Mundi 23286 Þai..Ne wald noght here bot þair delices, Þat drogh þam vntil oþer vices.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6484 Þogh now we ȝaue alle þy gode vntyl pore mannes fode.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 237 Ȝit auanced he þat file vntille a faire þing.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 448 Mynge hit yurne Tyl euery part vntyl on body turne.

c1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. ii. (E.E.T.S.) 429 Howe terribly shall he lay this vntyll our charge, whan we shal be called vntyll a rekenynge for this matter!

1566 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms cxxxix. 6 It is so hye that I the same Can not attayne vntill.

1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippodamia (1878) 77 Perchance y^e gods haue you preseru'd vntil some better end.

c1675 in Shirburn Ballads (1907) 171 Good or euill, which his minde was bent vntill.

c1800 in Chambers Pop. Poems Scotl. (1862) 64 Ge—en—tlemen o' the Jury, Ye'll answer until a' your names.

1814 W. Scott Waverley I. x. 134 The Laird..had devoted his leisure untill tillage and agriculture.

†b. like until, like; resembling. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1375 Leg. Rood (1871) 123 It was like untill a heuyn.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vii. 26 Þe fruyt..es lyke vntill hostez.

3. Indicating the person towards whom an action, feeling, statement, etc., is directed. Frequently after verbs of telling, teaching, calling, doing, giving, making, listening, etc. = till prep. 3.

ΚΠ

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1069 Vntil his broþer nith he bare.

1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (T.) 56 Seuen dedis of merci until oure euen-cristen.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 227 Tauerners vn-til hem tolde þe same.

c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 378 Al þat scho sal tech oþer vntill.

1417 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 183 He that es noght obeiant untill sercheours and till his crafte.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 77 What is that the vntylle?

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. xv. 752 She cryed on loude vntyl hym.

a1500 Coventry Corpus Christi Plays 966 The furst byddyng, Wyche Moses dyd rede vs vntill.

?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. Dv He shal be a comforter vntyl vs.

1565 J. Hall Courte of Vertue 31 The rounde earth he hath forth lente The sonnes of mortall men vntyll.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 82 Than ȝe present ane peirles sing, Of lyfe serene, the warld vntill.

a1780 Archie o' Cawfield xxxv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi The lieutenant Until a bonny lad said..‘Who is the man..?’

a1780 Archie o' Cawfield xxxvi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi

†4. Up to (a given number); amounting or extending to. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxii. 102 Diuerse bestez, as marmusetes, apes and oþer many vntil iii^m or iiii^m.

1539 Bible (Great) Matt. xviii. 22 Lorde howe oft shall I forgeue my brother..: Tyll seuen tymes? Iesus sayeth vnto him: I saye not vnto the vntill seuen tymes: but seuenty times seuen tymes.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Luke ii. 37 And she was a widow vntil eightie and foure yeres.

II. With reference to time.

a. Onward till (a time specified or indicated); up to the time of (an action, occurrence, etc.); = till prep. 5.

ΚΠ

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1424 Stil ai stod þai wandes thre Fra adam tim until noe.

c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 555 þe wilk reches fra þe bygynnyng Of mans lyfe un-til þe endyng.

a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) iii. 39 All þat land vntill þis day Fars þe better for þat iornay.

c1420 Anturs of Arth. (T.) 702 Þay made hyme..a knyghte of þe tabylle rownde, Vn-tille his lyues ende.

a1461 J. Radclyff in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 226 I pray ȝow that hyt may be re[s]pytyd vn-tyll the tyme that I speke wyth ȝow.

1539 Bible (Great) Luke xvi. 16 The lawe and the Prophetes raygned vntyll Iohn.

1554 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 154 From the laste daye of Maye..vntill the vj^t daye of June.

1592 Arden of Feversham iii. vi. 36 I doo but slip it vntil better time.

1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox x. 229 Intreating him to stay there untill further intelligence from him.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) 138 With little action with foreign Nations untill the union of the Heptarchy under Egbert.

1721 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husb. (ed. 2) II. 133 [To] hang them up until the end of February.

1754 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 55 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Taking upon himself the stile or title of lord Nairn..until pay[men]t.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists i. 10 He waits and waits until nightfall.

1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 255/2 Brooks's comet..may be visible..until the end of the year.

b. With (usually after) a negative, = till prep. 5b.

ΚΠ

1543 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 267 Straungers..will not vtter their wares..vntill the Faire.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 123 Things growing are not ripe, vntill their season.

1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 103 Tiberius ceased not vntill such time as the Senate did content him.

1671 tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania 21 Although this be a countrey where, untill this very day, we see no man so venterous as to hazard himself, but by Hostages.

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v Until this hour I never set eyes on this damsel.

1872 J. L. Sanford Estimates Eng. Kings: Charles I 333 He did not become a person of real importance..until the death of his elder brother.

1893 W. O. Morris Napoleon (1894) 158 Nelson had not left Europe until the second week of May.

c. Followed by an adverb (or adverbial phr.) of time. = till prep. 5c.

ΚΠ

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 58 Godwyn..fro London went away, He stode vntille no more, defaute he mad þat day.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Etiamnum, vntyll than.

1539 Bible (Great) Num. xiv. 19 As thou hast forgeuen this people from Egipte euen vntyll now.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xi. 12 From the dayes of Iohn the Baptist vntil novv.

a1631 J. Donne Paradoxes (1652) sig. E5 A vertue which..untill then, is kept with a modest chastity.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Tot wanneer? Untill when?

1721 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1910) 8 301 From the end of Compline untill after Prime the next day.

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v It was not until after frequent discourses with Isabella..that he was persuaded.

1826 D. Booth Art of Brewing (ed. 2) 126 [It] has, until lately, been a question among chemists.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 175/2 The results..cannot be appreciated until after the lapse of years.

1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. v. 385 Until late in the thirteenth century.

1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. p. xv Until four years ago.

6. Before (a specified time).

ΚΠ

1887 A. Brassey Last Voy. (1889) viii. 201 Having quite abandoned all hope of our appearing until the morning.

B. conj. (See till conj.)Not common during 18th c.; in frequently use from c1820.

a. Up to the time that; till the point or degree when; = till prep. 1. Also with that.

ΚΠ

c1330 (a1250) Harrowing of Hell (Auch.) (1907) 29 [They were in woe] Vntil crist loked þaim vnto.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 56 Þei..duelled þer for drede, Untille þe kyng turned, & his wrath ouer ȝede.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 619 The cok..his briddis hateth Vntil the crest uppon theire hedis growe.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxiv. f. cxviij^v Tary ye in..Ierusalen, vntill ye be endewed with power.

1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. C2^v The Maledictione of the pure. Sall on ȝow, and ȝour seid Indure Vntyll that ȝe, be rutit oute.

1580 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. iv. 426 [The jury] shall contynue together..untill they be fullie agreed upon their verdicte.

1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. F1 Now get you in, vntill I call for you.

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 126 He..did them all abuse; Until that I, I Great-heart, arose.

1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. II. i. 482 In the meantime, until exact copies be published,..variations and alterations..may be shown [etc.].

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v Manfred..pushed on the feast until it waxed late.

1802 Lochmaben Harper xvi, in W. Scott Min. The fiend dought they do but listen him to, Until that the day began to daw.

1870 M. Arnold St. Paul & Protestantism 9 Man is altogether passive in this call, until the Holy Spirit enables him to answer it.

elliptical.1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 148 As doubtfull whether what I see be true, Vntill confirmd, signd, ratified by you. 1855 Poultry Chron. 3 296/2 After this, until feathered, they should be fed on rich food.

b. With negative (expressed or implied) in the principal clause, = till prep. 1b. Also with that.

ΚΠ

a1300 E.E. Psalter xciii. 15 For lauerd sal noght his folke schouue awai,..Vntil þat rightwisenes Be turned in dome.

c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3213 Na man may..Out of þat hard payn þam wyn, Until þe fire haf wasted þair bandes of syn.

c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3271 Til þat sight þai may never wyn, Until þai be clensed þar of al syn.

c1477 Stoner Papers (Camden) II. 29 Fore we may nat go yn-tylle ȝe comme.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xiv. 12 But when man slepeth, he ryseth not agayne, vntill the heauen perish.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 116 I will fall prostrate at his feete, And neuer rise vntill my teares..Haue won his grace to come in person hither.

1662 J. Dryden To Ld. Chancellor 2 In open prospect nothing bounds our eye Until the Earth seems joyn'd unto the Sky.

1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus' Mor., On Enchiridion That Truth they could not find Until the Morning-Star..form'd the Gospel Day.

1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy iv It will not freeze at all, until it has deposited all its salt.

1798 W. Wordsworth Peter Bell Prol. 4 Through the clouds I'll never float Until I have a little Boat.

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 187 No man living should see this Until that thou..Hast given it to the seneschal.

1893 Spectator 22 July 101 The answer..will probably not be published until these pages are in our readers' hands.

elliptical.1895 C. J. Cornish Wild Eng. Today 248 Often they will..not move until almost trodden on.

c. In similar sense without a negative: Before the time that; before. Cf. till conj. 1c.

ΚΠ

1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. A3^v One tale is good vntill another's told.

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 51 He refused to yield..untell the fees..were payed him.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 143 'Tis held a great part of incivility for maydens to drinke wine until they are married.

1841 J. R. Hope-Scott in R. Ornsby Mem. (1884) I. 305 There will probably be an interval of six months, at least, until they can meet.

1852 D. Rock Church our Fathers III. 76 The unfitness of man's soul to go to heaven until cleansed from every smallest speck of sin.

d. = till conj. 1d.

ΚΠ

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 417 Mallobantes..was much troubled, thinking it long untill he might advance his standerd against the enemie.

1611 R. Fenton Treat. Vsurie 97 The time is not long, vntill thou must trust him with a far greater matter.

1804 Lady Hunter in M. Hunter Jrnl. (1894) 202 We had not sat long until one roll of the ship brought such a sea on deck as [etc.].

e. So long or so far that; = till conj. 1e.

ΚΠ

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1143 In water first this opium relent, Of sape vntil hit ha similitude.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xliv. 27 All the men of Iuda..shal perish with the swearde,.. vntill they be vtterly destroyed.

1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. vi. vii. 625 They eate, vntil they be faine to per~breake.

1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario K iij Heat it vntill the Cheese curd.

1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 5 If the decoction stand..for two or three days untill the yellow colour be changed black.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 82 We were obliged to bear away until they had made all fast.

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v A silly wench, who has heard stories of apparitions until she believes them.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. 247 The flames were spread by the wind, until almost the whole island was left bare.

1901 Scribner's Mag. 29 511/2 It was comparatively easy to repeat the drawing until the whole design was accurately copied.

elliptical.1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xviii. 476 A mixture made by rubbing down very poor cheese with water.., until of the consistency of cream.

†f. so long (…) until, = till conj. 1f. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxxi. 263 So this syr Gareth rode soo longe in that forest vntyl the nyghte came.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Eatenus Thou shouldest so longe beare vntill he had..neglected those lawes.

1595 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 346 The Universitie of Oxford, where he continwed so longe untill he was thought fitt for the degree of Bacheler of Artes.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xxiv. 127 Eating grasse like oxen, euen so long, vntill his haire was growene stiffe.

1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours 226 Wee must persist so long in the use of remedies, untill..we perceive [etc.].

g. unless and until: see unless conj. 1c.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	until
释义	untilprep.conj. Brit. /(ə)nˈtɪl/, /(ˌ)ʌnˈtɪl/, U.S. /ˌənˈtɪl/, /ənˈtɪl/ Forms: α. Middle English Orm. unntill, Middle English–1600s vn-, Middle English–1800s untill (1600s untell), Middle English, 1500s vn-, Middle English–1500s untyll (Middle English unetyll); Middle English vn-, Middle English (1800s archaic) untille, Middle English untylle, vntylle ( yn-); Middle English–1600s vntil, Middle English–1500s vntyl, Middle English– until. β. Middle English (1800s dialect) ontil, ScottishMiddle English ontyll, onetil, Middle English–1500s ontill. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Etymons: Norse und, English till. Etymology: Middle English (originally northern) untill , < Old Norse und (retained only in unz , undz = und es ), = Gothic und (and untē ), Old Saxon und (usually unt ), Old Frisian und (ont ), up to, as far as + till till prep., conj., and adv. A. prep.In poetry occasionally put after the n. (or pron.). I. Local (and derived senses), dative, etc. Latterly Scottish and northern. 1. a. To, unto (denoting motion to and reaching a person or place); = till prep. 1. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1399 Forr whatt teȝȝ fellenn sone dun Off heoffne. & inn till helle. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13086 Wiþ hym vntil wode þey fled. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2311 Þe Amerel vm-til a wyndow ran. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5123 Þan he went vntil his in. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 3858 Streyght vnto hys bed he yode, And clepyd the bysshope hym vntylle. 1478 Eng. Misc. (Surtees Soc. 85) 37 Unto all theis untill whome this presentes shal com. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. iv. f. iiij Then came vntyll hym the tempter. 1561 Newe Enterlude Script. Queene Hester sig. Bj^v Then shall I brynge her the kynge vntyll. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. K7^v He rousd himselfe full blyth, and hastned them vntill. ?a1800 Jock o' the Side xiii, in W. Scott Min. When they cam the gate until. 1824 J. Telfer Border Ballads 43 It dirlit upthrow the twinklinge holes, The second lifte untille. b. Up to (a point or limit); as far as; so as to reach; = till prep. 1b. ΚΠ c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10554 Fro þe Weste or Est vntil Moungow He was told of non honour. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 42 Þe folk vntille Humber to Suane gan þei loute. c1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 52 I prechid in Neptalym, þat lande, And Zabulon even vn-till ende. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xx. 1 Then wente the children of Israel out and gathered a congregacion,..from Dan vntill Bersaba. 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Communion sig. D.i Upon the holy dayes..shalbe sayde all that is appoynted.., vntyl the ende of the Homelie. 1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 211 Staires of yron ascending vp vntill the midst of the pillers. 1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale xi. 311 A woman..Which att her necke, vntill her dugges dependinge, Wore the ritch rubie. a1765 Ld. Thomas & Fair Annet xxviii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. 183/2 Lord Thomas..strake the dagger untill his heart. c. In contact with; against. ΚΠ c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1138 Sarmentes..Vntil a reed for turnyng bounden fast. 1777 R. Forbes Ulysses' Answer 38 in Sel. Coll. Sc. Poems He shook the blade, an'..Set the heft to the ground, The nib until his breast. a1803 Cruel Mother iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 221/1 She's set her back untill an oak. a1803 Cruel Mother iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 2. a. To, towards; unto; = till prep. 2. ΚΠ a1300 Cursor Mundi 23286 Þai..Ne wald noght here bot þair delices, Þat drogh þam vntil oþer vices. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6484 Þogh now we ȝaue alle þy gode vntyl pore mannes fode. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 237 Ȝit auanced he þat file vntille a faire þing. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 448 Mynge hit yurne Tyl euery part vntyl on body turne. c1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. ii. (E.E.T.S.) 429 Howe terribly shall he lay this vntyll our charge, whan we shal be called vntyll a rekenynge for this matter! 1566 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms cxxxix. 6 It is so hye that I the same Can not attayne vntill. 1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippodamia (1878) 77 Perchance y^e gods haue you preseru'd vntil some better end. c1675 in Shirburn Ballads (1907) 171 Good or euill, which his minde was bent vntill. c1800 in Chambers Pop. Poems Scotl. (1862) 64 Ge—en—tlemen o' the Jury, Ye'll answer until a' your names. 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. x. 134 The Laird..had devoted his leisure untill tillage and agriculture. View more context for this quotation †b. like until, like; resembling. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1375 Leg. Rood (1871) 123 It was like untill a heuyn. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vii. 26 Þe fruyt..es lyke vntill hostez. 3. Indicating the person towards whom an action, feeling, statement, etc., is directed. Frequently after verbs of telling, teaching, calling, doing, giving, making, listening, etc. = till prep. 3. ΚΠ a1300 Cursor Mundi 1069 Vntil his broþer nith he bare. 1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (T.) 56 Seuen dedis of merci until oure euen-cristen. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 227 Tauerners vn-til hem tolde þe same. c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 378 Al þat scho sal tech oþer vntill. 1417 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 183 He that es noght obeiant untill sercheours and till his crafte. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 77 What is that the vntylle? 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. xv. 752 She cryed on loude vntyl hym. a1500 Coventry Corpus Christi Plays 966 The furst byddyng, Wyche Moses dyd rede vs vntill. ?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. Dv He shal be a comforter vntyl vs. 1565 J. Hall Courte of Vertue 31 The rounde earth he hath forth lente The sonnes of mortall men vntyll. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 82 Than ȝe present ane peirles sing, Of lyfe serene, the warld vntill. a1780 Archie o' Cawfield xxxv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi The lieutenant Until a bonny lad said..‘Who is the man..?’ a1780 Archie o' Cawfield xxxvi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi †4. Up to (a given number); amounting or extending to. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxii. 102 Diuerse bestez, as marmusetes, apes and oþer many vntil iii^m or iiii^m. 1539 Bible (Great) Matt. xviii. 22 Lorde howe oft shall I forgeue my brother..: Tyll seuen tymes? Iesus sayeth vnto him: I saye not vnto the vntill seuen tymes: but seuenty times seuen tymes. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Luke ii. 37 And she was a widow vntil eightie and foure yeres. II. With reference to time. 5. a. Onward till (a time specified or indicated); up to the time of (an action, occurrence, etc.); = till prep. 5. ΚΠ a1300 Cursor Mundi 1424 Stil ai stod þai wandes thre Fra adam tim until noe. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 555 þe wilk reches fra þe bygynnyng Of mans lyfe un-til þe endyng. a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) iii. 39 All þat land vntill þis day Fars þe better for þat iornay. c1420 Anturs of Arth. (T.) 702 Þay made hyme..a knyghte of þe tabylle rownde, Vn-tille his lyues ende. a1461 J. Radclyff in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 226 I pray ȝow that hyt may be re[s]pytyd vn-tyll the tyme that I speke wyth ȝow. 1539 Bible (Great) Luke xvi. 16 The lawe and the Prophetes raygned vntyll Iohn. 1554 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 154 From the laste daye of Maye..vntill the vj^t daye of June. 1592 Arden of Feversham iii. vi. 36 I doo but slip it vntil better time. 1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox x. 229 Intreating him to stay there untill further intelligence from him. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) 138 With little action with foreign Nations untill the union of the Heptarchy under Egbert. 1721 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husb. (ed. 2) II. 133 [To] hang them up until the end of February. 1754 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 55 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Taking upon himself the stile or title of lord Nairn..until pay[men]t. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists i. 10 He waits and waits until nightfall. 1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 255/2 Brooks's comet..may be visible..until the end of the year. b. With (usually after) a negative, = till prep. 5b. ΚΠ 1543 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 267 Straungers..will not vtter their wares..vntill the Faire. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 123 Things growing are not ripe, vntill their season. View more context for this quotation 1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 103 Tiberius ceased not vntill such time as the Senate did content him. 1671 tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania 21 Although this be a countrey where, untill this very day, we see no man so venterous as to hazard himself, but by Hostages. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v Until this hour I never set eyes on this damsel. 1872 J. L. Sanford Estimates Eng. Kings: Charles I 333 He did not become a person of real importance..until the death of his elder brother. 1893 W. O. Morris Napoleon (1894) 158 Nelson had not left Europe until the second week of May. c. Followed by an adverb (or adverbial phr.) of time. = till prep. 5c. ΚΠ 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 58 Godwyn..fro London went away, He stode vntille no more, defaute he mad þat day. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Etiamnum, vntyll than. 1539 Bible (Great) Num. xiv. 19 As thou hast forgeuen this people from Egipte euen vntyll now. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xi. 12 From the dayes of Iohn the Baptist vntil novv. a1631 J. Donne Paradoxes (1652) sig. E5 A vertue which..untill then, is kept with a modest chastity. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Tot wanneer? Untill when? 1721 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1910) 8 301 From the end of Compline untill after Prime the next day. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v It was not until after frequent discourses with Isabella..that he was persuaded. 1826 D. Booth Art of Brewing (ed. 2) 126 [It] has, until lately, been a question among chemists. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 175/2 The results..cannot be appreciated until after the lapse of years. 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. v. 385 Until late in the thirteenth century. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. p. xv Until four years ago. 6. Before (a specified time). ΚΠ 1887 A. Brassey Last Voy. (1889) viii. 201 Having quite abandoned all hope of our appearing until the morning. B. conj. (See till conj.)Not common during 18th c.; in frequently use from c1820. a. Up to the time that; till the point or degree when; = till prep. 1. Also with that. ΚΠ c1330 (a1250) Harrowing of Hell (Auch.) (1907) 29 [They were in woe] Vntil crist loked þaim vnto. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 56 Þei..duelled þer for drede, Untille þe kyng turned, & his wrath ouer ȝede. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 619 The cok..his briddis hateth Vntil the crest uppon theire hedis growe. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxiv. f. cxviij^v Tary ye in..Ierusalen, vntill ye be endewed with power. 1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. C2^v The Maledictione of the pure. Sall on ȝow, and ȝour seid Indure Vntyll that ȝe, be rutit oute. 1580 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. iv. 426 [The jury] shall contynue together..untill they be fullie agreed upon their verdicte. 1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. F1 Now get you in, vntill I call for you. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 126 He..did them all abuse; Until that I, I Great-heart, arose. View more context for this quotation 1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. II. i. 482 In the meantime, until exact copies be published,..variations and alterations..may be shown [etc.]. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v Manfred..pushed on the feast until it waxed late. 1802 Lochmaben Harper xvi, in W. Scott Min. The fiend dought they do but listen him to, Until that the day began to daw. 1870 M. Arnold St. Paul & Protestantism 9 Man is altogether passive in this call, until the Holy Spirit enables him to answer it. elliptical.1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 148 As doubtfull whether what I see be true, Vntill confirmd, signd, ratified by you. View more context for this quotation1855 Poultry Chron. 3 296/2 After this, until feathered, they should be fed on rich food. b. With negative (expressed or implied) in the principal clause, = till prep. 1b. Also with that. ΚΠ a1300 E.E. Psalter xciii. 15 For lauerd sal noght his folke schouue awai,..Vntil þat rightwisenes Be turned in dome. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3213 Na man may..Out of þat hard payn þam wyn, Until þe fire haf wasted þair bandes of syn. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3271 Til þat sight þai may never wyn, Until þai be clensed þar of al syn. c1477 Stoner Papers (Camden) II. 29 Fore we may nat go yn-tylle ȝe comme. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xiv. 12 But when man slepeth, he ryseth not agayne, vntill the heauen perish. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 116 I will fall prostrate at his feete, And neuer rise vntill my teares..Haue won his grace to come in person hither. View more context for this quotation 1662 J. Dryden To Ld. Chancellor 2 In open prospect nothing bounds our eye Until the Earth seems joyn'd unto the Sky. 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus' Mor., On Enchiridion That Truth they could not find Until the Morning-Star..form'd the Gospel Day. 1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy iv It will not freeze at all, until it has deposited all its salt. 1798 W. Wordsworth Peter Bell Prol. 4 Through the clouds I'll never float Until I have a little Boat. 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 187 No man living should see this Until that thou..Hast given it to the seneschal. 1893 Spectator 22 July 101 The answer..will probably not be published until these pages are in our readers' hands. elliptical.1895 C. J. Cornish Wild Eng. Today 248 Often they will..not move until almost trodden on. c. In similar sense without a negative: Before the time that; before. Cf. till conj. 1c. ΚΠ 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. A3^v One tale is good vntill another's told. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 51 He refused to yield..untell the fees..were payed him. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 143 'Tis held a great part of incivility for maydens to drinke wine until they are married. 1841 J. R. Hope-Scott in R. Ornsby Mem. (1884) I. 305 There will probably be an interval of six months, at least, until they can meet. 1852 D. Rock Church our Fathers III. 76 The unfitness of man's soul to go to heaven until cleansed from every smallest speck of sin. d. = till conj. 1d. ΚΠ 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 417 Mallobantes..was much troubled, thinking it long untill he might advance his standerd against the enemie. 1611 R. Fenton Treat. Vsurie 97 The time is not long, vntill thou must trust him with a far greater matter. 1804 Lady Hunter in M. Hunter Jrnl. (1894) 202 We had not sat long until one roll of the ship brought such a sea on deck as [etc.]. e. So long or so far that; = till conj. 1e. ΚΠ c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1143 In water first this opium relent, Of sape vntil hit ha similitude. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xliv. 27 All the men of Iuda..shal perish with the swearde,.. vntill they be vtterly destroyed. 1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. vi. vii. 625 They eate, vntil they be faine to per~breake. 1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario K iij Heat it vntill the Cheese curd. 1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 5 If the decoction stand..for two or three days untill the yellow colour be changed black. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 82 We were obliged to bear away until they had made all fast. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto v A silly wench, who has heard stories of apparitions until she believes them. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. 247 The flames were spread by the wind, until almost the whole island was left bare. 1901 Scribner's Mag. 29 511/2 It was comparatively easy to repeat the drawing until the whole design was accurately copied. elliptical.1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xviii. 476 A mixture made by rubbing down very poor cheese with water.., until of the consistency of cream. †f. so long (…) until, = till conj. 1f. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxxi. 263 So this syr Gareth rode soo longe in that forest vntyl the nyghte came. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Eatenus Thou shouldest so longe beare vntill he had..neglected those lawes. 1595 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 346 The Universitie of Oxford, where he continwed so longe untill he was thought fitt for the degree of Bacheler of Artes. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xxiv. 127 Eating grasse like oxen, euen so long, vntill his haire was growene stiffe. 1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours 226 Wee must persist so long in the use of remedies, untill..we perceive [etc.]. g. unless and until: see unless conj. 1c. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < prep.conj.c1175
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