upgraden.adv.

Brit.

/ˈʌpɡreɪd/, U.S.

/ˈəpˌɡreɪd/

Etymology: up- prefix 1b(c).

Originally U.S.

a. An upward slope or incline.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > upward

ascendant1548

uphill1548

uprising1598

acclivity1614

upgrade1873

uprise1875

1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xv. 257 Forty miles of staging over boulder and rocky up-grade.

1888 J. Pennell & E. R. Pennell Sent. Journey 236 There were so many long up-grades, and the sign-posts were all wrong.

1893 K. Sanborn Truthful Woman S. Calif. 87 I have no taste for overtaking runaway mules on a steep and interminable up-grade.

b. adv. Uphill.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [adverb] > in an upward direction

upgrade1899

1899 Lutheran (Philadelphia) 6 Apr. 327 A railroad train will go for some distance upgrade after the engine is detached.

2. on the upgrade, ascending, rising; improving.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > increasing in quantity, amount, or degree [phrase]

on the increase1752

on the upgrade1892

1892 Daily News 26 Sept. 2/4 In the iron trade..demand seems to be on the up grade.

1914 A. Bennett Price of Love vi. 110 ‘Auntie still on the up-grade?’ he inquired... He guessed..that Mrs. Maldon must be still better.

1926 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Oct. 143 Monty's been the hardest child we've had to handle,..but I believe he's on the upgrade.

1951 ‘J. Tey’ Daughter of Time iv. 55 Don't you worry. I'm on the up-grade. Even my temper has improved.

1972 Daily Tel. 21 Jan. 1/2 Various indices..show that the economy is now firmly on the upgrade.

3. [ < upgrade v.] An upgraded version. Also, an upgrading to a higher standard (chiefly, in Computing, to a larger and more powerful system).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun]

betteringeOE

amendmentc1230

bote of beam1330

meliorationa1400

upraisingc1400

reformation?a1425

amelioration?a1450

enrichinga1513

amendsa1547

gooding1567

betterment1594

meliorization1599

endearment1612

raisure1613

betterance1614

ascenta1616

ascension1617

enrichmenta1626

improvement1625

booty beam1642

meliorating1647

bonification1652

uplift1873

work1914

pickupa1916

upgrading1920

tone-up1943

stepping1958

upgradation1979

upgrade1980

society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > upgraded version

upgrade1980

1980 Nature 17 Apr. 599/1 The upgrade of this facility, PBFA-II, will deliver 3.5 MJ at 100 TW and will be available for experiments in 1986.

1982 Which Computer? June 55/2 They can reach down to the more sophisticated microcomputer user, holding out the possibility of an upgrade to a larger machine.

1983 What's New in Computing Jan. 30 (advt.) PT7/s powerful local processing..allows simpler planning of mainframe upgrades.

Draft additions 1993

a. That which serves to upgrade or improve; an additional feature or enhancement. Chiefly North American.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > that which improves

plough1526

improver1651

ameliorator1794

ameliorative1816

meliorant1920

upgrade1979

1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 28 Apr. (Advt. Suppl.) 16/7 3 bedroom, 1¾ bath, family room, many upgrades, ready to move into. Priced at $51,500.

1989 San Diego Oct. 57/3 This elegant home has beautiful upgrades like tiled floors.

1991 Unix World Jan. 27/2 Some high-level features previously limited to workstations include a 24-bit Z-buffer as an optional upgrade (for the AT board only), as well as single or double buffering.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

upgradev.

Brit.

/ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/, U.S.

/ˈəpˌɡreɪd/,

/ˌəpˈɡreɪd/

Forms: Also up-grade.

Etymology: < up- prefix 3a: compare upgrade n. and adv.

1. transitive. To increase the grade or status of (a job); to raise (an employee) to a higher grade or rank. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > promote or upgrade

advancec1300

promote1402

to kick (someone) upstairs1678

upgrade1920

to bump up1957

1920 [see upgrading n. at Derivatives].

1928 Daily Express 5 Mar. 3/5 His job..has become so important that the post is being ‘up-graded’.

1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 2 130 In future they are going to be upgraded [from angels] to archangels.

1955 Times 27 Aug. 6/6 The dispute arose from a wartime agreement under which some N.U.R. wagon shop men were upgraded to fitters. Because of the redundancy of 15 fitters, the local branch of the Amalgamated Engineering Union claimed that the N.U.R. men should be downgraded once more.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 20 Nov. 14/2 The commission agreed to upgrade controllers at 32 facilities, but fewer controllers would be promoted than the union demands.

1985 Contact (Pre-School Playgroups Assoc.) Feb. 23/1 Teachers who underestimate the richness of children's homes decide to upgrade the children's language skills.

a. To raise (something, esp. equipment or facilities) from one grade to another; to improve or enhance physically.

ΚΠ

1935 [see upgraded adj. at Derivatives].

1955 M. Reifer Dict. New Words 217/2 Upgrade, to improve the grade of a product.

1959 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 July 13/3 If Canada were to maintain and extend its capabilities in this field, it was necessary that its effective weapons be continuously upgraded.

1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? vii. 143 These old places are really quite comfortable, you know; they've been up-graded out of all recognition.

1971 Daily Tel. 13 Sept. 10/6 The money..would be spent on financing sewerage schemes and up~grading existing effluent treatment facilities.

1976 A. Hope Hi-fi Handbk. 14 If you wish to up-grade a music centre, you can only throw it out and replace it with a better one.

1979 ‘J. le Carré’ Smiley's People xvii. 211 He booked a first-class seat and said he would upgrade his economy ticket on arrival at the airport.

b. More generally, to raise to a higher level; to improve.

ΚΠ

1959 G. D. Mitchell Sociol. 120 Generally it was found that women were more likely than men to up-grade them~selves.

1962 M. McLuhan Gutenberg Galaxy 43 For until men have up-graded the visual component communities know only a tribal structure.

1977 New Yorker 24 Oct. 79/2 They have upgraded their criminal expertise by watching such programs as..‘Kojak’.

1983 Times 29 Oct. 16/4 A lunch in the City..led to one broker upgrading his forecast for the year.

c. absol. or intransitive (for reflexive).

ΚΠ

1950 Sun (Baltimore) 2 Oct. 9/1 Movers say that the bulk of families moving are ‘upgrading’. By that they mean that they are occupying new apartments renting for much more than they have been paying.

1967 Boston Sunday Globe 23 Apr. b41/5 The head of a family..wants to upgrade—and usually does.

1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers iii. 60 This may differ slightly if we already possess some items of equipment and merely wish..to upgrade by changing a particular item..for an equivalent of improved quality.

Derivatives

upˈgraded adj.

ΚΠ

1935 Times 1 Oct. 4/4 The rates on the upgraded stretch and the 1 in 22½ Dashwood Hill were 15 and 50 and 30 and 44 m.p.h.

1976 P. R. White Planning for Public Transport viii. 186 A preliminary study suggests that investment in an upgraded rail link may provide net benefits as high as for a parallel road scheme.

upˈgrading n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun]

waxingc1055

increasingc1340

increasec1374

echinga1382

creasing1398

augmentinga1400

alarginga1425

moringa1425

augmentc1425

incrementc1425

creasec1440

increasement1509

enlarginga1513

enlargement1564

amplification1569

accession1570

usury1576

enhancement1577

growth1587

creasement1592

accrease1598

crescence1602

improvement1607

excrement1608

majoration1626

heightening1629

auction1692

turgescence1806

outgrowth1837

steepening1868

prolating1919

upgrading1920

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun]

betteringeOE

amendmentc1230

bote of beam1330

meliorationa1400

upraisingc1400

reformation?a1425

amelioration?a1450

enrichinga1513

amendsa1547

gooding1567

betterment1594

meliorization1599

endearment1612

raisure1613

betterance1614

ascenta1616

ascension1617

enrichmenta1626

improvement1625

booty beam1642

meliorating1647

bonification1652

uplift1873

work1914

pickupa1916

upgrading1920

tone-up1943

stepping1958

upgradation1979

upgrade1980

society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading

advancementc1325

promotion?a1425

promoving1496

motion1641

lift1711

upgrading1920

bump1949

1920 Glasgow Herald 19 Aug. 8/3 The government proposals for..the upgrading of the unskilled labourers..were rejected by the operatives.

1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 214/1 The Burnham Committee..dealt with the up-grading and down-grading of Elementary Schools for the assessment of Head Teachers' salaries.

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Oct. 579/1 The danger of ‘escalation’—the upgrading of the size of the weapons in reply to the apparent use by the enemy of bigger types.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	upgrade
释义	upgraden.adv. Brit. /ˈʌpɡreɪd/, U.S. /ˈəpˌɡreɪd/ Etymology: up- prefix 1b(c). Originally U.S. 1. a. An upward slope or incline. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > upward ascendant1548 uphill1548 uprising1598 acclivity1614 upgrade1873 uprise1875 1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xv. 257 Forty miles of staging over boulder and rocky up-grade. 1888 J. Pennell & E. R. Pennell Sent. Journey 236 There were so many long up-grades, and the sign-posts were all wrong. 1893 K. Sanborn Truthful Woman S. Calif. 87 I have no taste for overtaking runaway mules on a steep and interminable up-grade. b. adv. Uphill. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [adverb] > in an upward direction upgrade1899 1899 Lutheran (Philadelphia) 6 Apr. 327 A railroad train will go for some distance upgrade after the engine is detached. 2. on the upgrade, ascending, rising; improving. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > increasing in quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] on the increase1752 on the upgrade1892 1892 Daily News 26 Sept. 2/4 In the iron trade..demand seems to be on the up grade. 1914 A. Bennett Price of Love vi. 110 ‘Auntie still on the up-grade?’ he inquired... He guessed..that Mrs. Maldon must be still better. 1926 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Oct. 143 Monty's been the hardest child we've had to handle,..but I believe he's on the upgrade. 1951 ‘J. Tey’ Daughter of Time iv. 55 Don't you worry. I'm on the up-grade. Even my temper has improved. 1972 Daily Tel. 21 Jan. 1/2 Various indices..show that the economy is now firmly on the upgrade. 3. [ < upgrade v.] An upgraded version. Also, an upgrading to a higher standard (chiefly, in Computing, to a larger and more powerful system). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] betteringeOE amendmentc1230 bote of beam1330 meliorationa1400 upraisingc1400 reformation?a1425 amelioration?a1450 enrichinga1513 amendsa1547 gooding1567 betterment1594 meliorization1599 endearment1612 raisure1613 betterance1614 ascenta1616 ascension1617 enrichmenta1626 improvement1625 booty beam1642 meliorating1647 bonification1652 uplift1873 work1914 pickupa1916 upgrading1920 tone-up1943 stepping1958 upgradation1979 upgrade1980 society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > upgraded version upgrade1980 1980 Nature 17 Apr. 599/1 The upgrade of this facility, PBFA-II, will deliver 3.5 MJ at 100 TW and will be available for experiments in 1986. 1982 Which Computer? June 55/2 They can reach down to the more sophisticated microcomputer user, holding out the possibility of an upgrade to a larger machine. 1983 What's New in Computing Jan. 30 (advt.) PT7/s powerful local processing..allows simpler planning of mainframe upgrades. Draft additions 1993 a. That which serves to upgrade or improve; an additional feature or enhancement. Chiefly North American. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > that which improves plough1526 improver1651 ameliorator1794 ameliorative1816 meliorant1920 upgrade1979 1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 28 Apr. (Advt. Suppl.) 16/7 3 bedroom, 1¾ bath, family room, many upgrades, ready to move into. Priced at $51,500. 1989 San Diego Oct. 57/3 This elegant home has beautiful upgrades like tiled floors. 1991 Unix World Jan. 27/2 Some high-level features previously limited to workstations include a 24-bit Z-buffer as an optional upgrade (for the AT board only), as well as single or double buffering. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). upgradev. Brit. /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/, U.S. /ˈəpˌɡreɪd/, /ˌəpˈɡreɪd/ Forms: Also up-grade. Etymology: < up- prefix 3a: compare upgrade n. and adv. 1. transitive. To increase the grade or status of (a job); to raise (an employee) to a higher grade or rank. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > promote or upgrade advancec1300 promote1402 to kick (someone) upstairs1678 upgrade1920 to bump up1957 1920 [see upgrading n. at Derivatives]. 1928 Daily Express 5 Mar. 3/5 His job..has become so important that the post is being ‘up-graded’. 1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 2 130 In future they are going to be upgraded [from angels] to archangels. 1955 Times 27 Aug. 6/6 The dispute arose from a wartime agreement under which some N.U.R. wagon shop men were upgraded to fitters. Because of the redundancy of 15 fitters, the local branch of the Amalgamated Engineering Union claimed that the N.U.R. men should be downgraded once more. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 20 Nov. 14/2 The commission agreed to upgrade controllers at 32 facilities, but fewer controllers would be promoted than the union demands. 1985 Contact (Pre-School Playgroups Assoc.) Feb. 23/1 Teachers who underestimate the richness of children's homes decide to upgrade the children's language skills. 2. a. To raise (something, esp. equipment or facilities) from one grade to another; to improve or enhance physically. ΚΠ 1935 [see upgraded adj. at Derivatives]. 1955 M. Reifer Dict. New Words 217/2 Upgrade, to improve the grade of a product. 1959 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 July 13/3 If Canada were to maintain and extend its capabilities in this field, it was necessary that its effective weapons be continuously upgraded. 1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? vii. 143 These old places are really quite comfortable, you know; they've been up-graded out of all recognition. 1971 Daily Tel. 13 Sept. 10/6 The money..would be spent on financing sewerage schemes and up~grading existing effluent treatment facilities. 1976 A. Hope Hi-fi Handbk. 14 If you wish to up-grade a music centre, you can only throw it out and replace it with a better one. 1979 ‘J. le Carré’ Smiley's People xvii. 211 He booked a first-class seat and said he would upgrade his economy ticket on arrival at the airport. b. More generally, to raise to a higher level; to improve. ΚΠ 1959 G. D. Mitchell Sociol. 120 Generally it was found that women were more likely than men to up-grade them~selves. 1962 M. McLuhan Gutenberg Galaxy 43 For until men have up-graded the visual component communities know only a tribal structure. 1977 New Yorker 24 Oct. 79/2 They have upgraded their criminal expertise by watching such programs as..‘Kojak’. 1983 Times 29 Oct. 16/4 A lunch in the City..led to one broker upgrading his forecast for the year. c. absol. or intransitive (for reflexive). ΚΠ 1950 Sun (Baltimore) 2 Oct. 9/1 Movers say that the bulk of families moving are ‘upgrading’. By that they mean that they are occupying new apartments renting for much more than they have been paying. 1967 Boston Sunday Globe 23 Apr. b41/5 The head of a family..wants to upgrade—and usually does. 1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers iii. 60 This may differ slightly if we already possess some items of equipment and merely wish..to upgrade by changing a particular item..for an equivalent of improved quality. Derivatives upˈgraded adj. ΚΠ 1935 Times 1 Oct. 4/4 The rates on the upgraded stretch and the 1 in 22½ Dashwood Hill were 15 and 50 and 30 and 44 m.p.h. 1976 P. R. White Planning for Public Transport viii. 186 A preliminary study suggests that investment in an upgraded rail link may provide net benefits as high as for a parallel road scheme. upˈgrading n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] waxingc1055 increasingc1340 increasec1374 echinga1382 creasing1398 augmentinga1400 alarginga1425 moringa1425 augmentc1425 incrementc1425 creasec1440 increasement1509 enlarginga1513 enlargement1564 amplification1569 accession1570 usury1576 enhancement1577 growth1587 creasement1592 accrease1598 crescence1602 improvement1607 excrement1608 majoration1626 heightening1629 auction1692 turgescence1806 outgrowth1837 steepening1868 prolating1919 upgrading1920 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] betteringeOE amendmentc1230 bote of beam1330 meliorationa1400 upraisingc1400 reformation?a1425 amelioration?a1450 enrichinga1513 amendsa1547 gooding1567 betterment1594 meliorization1599 endearment1612 raisure1613 betterance1614 ascenta1616 ascension1617 enrichmenta1626 improvement1625 booty beam1642 meliorating1647 bonification1652 uplift1873 work1914 pickupa1916 upgrading1920 tone-up1943 stepping1958 upgradation1979 upgrade1980 society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading advancementc1325 promotion?a1425 promoving1496 motion1641 lift1711 upgrading1920 bump1949 1920 Glasgow Herald 19 Aug. 8/3 The government proposals for..the upgrading of the unskilled labourers..were rejected by the operatives. 1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 214/1 The Burnham Committee..dealt with the up-grading and down-grading of Elementary Schools for the assessment of Head Teachers' salaries. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Oct. 579/1 The danger of ‘escalation’—the upgrading of the size of the weapons in reply to the apparent use by the enemy of bigger types. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adv.1873v.1920
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