vulnerableadj.

Brit.

/ˈvʌln(ə)rəbl/, U.S.

/ˈvəlnər(ə)bəl/

Etymology: < late Latin vulnerābilis wounding, < vulnerāre (see vuln v.), but taken passively in accordance with the more usual sense of -able suffix: compare invulnerable and French vulnérable, Spanish vulnerable, Portuguese -avel, Italian -abile.

†1. Having power to wound; wounding. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] > wounding

wounding?c1225

vulnerable1609

vulnerary1615

vulnerative1818

woundy1826

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > causing a wound or wounds

wounding1596

vulnerable1609

bewounding1612

vulnerary1615

vulnerative1818

woundy1826

1609 Ambassy Sir R. Sherley 13 The male children practise to ride greate horses, to throw the Vulnerable and Ineuitable darte.

a. That may be wounded; susceptible of receiving wounds or physical injury.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > able to be wounded

vulnerablea1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. x. 11 Let fall thy blade on vulnerable Crests, I beare a charmed Life.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Vulnerable, that may be wounded.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 606 Turn, turn, ye Trojans! face your Grecian foes. They, like yourselves, are vulnerable flesh, Not adamant or steel.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 217 [Alligators having] plates or scales, said to be impenetrable..except about their heads and just behind their fore legs, where they are vulnerable.

1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama ix. 91 Thrice through the vulnerable shade The Glendoveer impels the griding blade. The wicked Shade flies howling from his foe.

1867 J. B. Rose tr. Virgil Æneis 151 The vulnerable heel Of dread Æacides.

b. figurative. Open to attack or injury of a non-physical nature; esp., offering an opening to the attacks of raillery, criticism, calumny, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective] > exposed to danger > vulnerable

openeOE

subjectc1384

pregnablec1475

opportunea1500

casuala1535

wide open?1544

obnoxious1572

assailable1589

liable1593

abnoxious1611

woundable1611

obnoxious1612

speeding1612

infectible1634

sufferable1651

attackable1656

vulnerable1678

prejudicial1682

threatenable1841

doable1849

infectable1860

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * We had further Observed it, to have been the Method of our Modern Atheists, to make their First Assault against Christianity, as thinking that to be the most Vulnerable.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. vii. 49 Reproaches and enquiries have no power to afflict either the man of unblemished integrity, or the abandoned profligate. It is the middle compound character which alone is vulnerable.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. vii. iii. 34 There, alone, is he vulnerable.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. vi. 135 ‘How delighted I am,’ she said, ‘that I have found out where you are vulnerable!’

1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xvi. 147 His witty tongue was too keen for the easily vulnerable gods of Delphi.

1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. i. 5 Modern society growing more and more vulnerable..is made to tremble by the mere rumour of an appeal to arms.

c. Similarly with part, point, portion.

ΚΠ

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 357 Yet even calumny is sagacious enough to discover and to attack the most vulnerable part.

1789 W. Belsham Ess. II. xxxvi. 290 In this vulnerable part, only, can the shaft of the Satirist find an entrance.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xviii. 85 His private life presented some vulnerable points, through which his adversaries were able to strike more dangerous blows.

1847 H. Miller Test. Rocks (1857) ix. 358 Now this physical department has ever proved the vulnerable portion of false religions.

1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table x. 290 There is a human sub-species..to a certain extent penetrative... It has an instinct which guides it to the vulnerable parts of the victim on which it fastens.

d. Contract Bridge. Of or pertaining to the liability of one side to be awarded increased penalties or increased bonuses as result of having won a game.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [adjective] > liable to greater penalties or bonuses

vulnerable1927

1925 Work-Whitehead Auction Bridge Bull. Oct. 5 In circles where high play predominates, there was introduced a variation of the above count, called ‘Le Vulnerable’.]

1927 Observer 5 June 19/2 The chief new feature [of contract bridge] introduced in America has been what is known as the ‘Vulnerable’ or ‘Danger Zone’.

1965 Listener 23 Sept. 474/3 Playing the Two Club system, my partner, the dealer, opened a vulnerable No Trump (strong).

1977 M. Kenyon Rapist i. 10 Five no trumps! Don't get vulnerable!

a. Of places, etc.: Open to attack or assault by armed forces; liable to be taken or entered in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [adjective] > not

pregnable1387

unfortified1525

expugnable1570

unimmured1615

stormable1645

fenceless1740

vulnerable1790

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 104 The immense expence the Spaniards have since been at, to fortify the city on that side, shews it to have been vulnerable then.

1797 St. Vincent 16 Aug. in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1845) II. 434 (note) The Tower of Santa Cruz in the Island of Teneriffe, which, from a variety of intelligence, I conceived was vulnerable.

1809 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 331 In the action of yesterday, our position was vulnerable only on the right.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. iii. 65 She felt herself vulnerable in Ireland, and on the Scottish border.

1884 Manch. Examiner 27 May 5/1 We should find it easier to hold [Russia] in check in the far East if she had vulnerable possessions nearer home.

b. Similarly with part, point, side.

ΚΠ

1798 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 8 A vulnerable part of the frontiers of the Company's territory.

1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames v. 210 Every vulnerable point was guarded.

1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 52 Even within those limits her Lombard subjects had discovered her vulnerable side.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. viii. 277 Charles..was looking for the most vulnerable point at which to strike.

Derivatives

ˈvulnerableness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > liability to harm, loss, etc.

danger1377

obnoxiousness1611

vulnerableness1727

vulnerability1808

assailableness1830

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Vulnerableness, Capableness of being wounded.

1842 H. E. Manning Serm. v. 69 There comes over us what I may call a vulnerableness of mind.

1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. i. ix. 166 The inner vulnerableness, the inner need of her affection and of peace with her.

ˈvulnerably adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adverb] > in danger > liable to injury or harm

vulnerably1837

1837 Foreign Q. Rev. XIX. 39 We do not think a passage can be quoted to which criticism can be vulnerably attached.

Draft additions June 2012

Designating a person in need of special care, support, or protection (esp. provided as a social service) because of age, disability, risk of abuse or neglect, etc.

ΚΠ

1947 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 20 261 We have cited above the more dramatic ways in which children are hurt and neglected by their communities and their families. These are the ‘vulnerable’ children, those who need extra care, extra protection, and a background of careful planning for them.

1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Feb. 112/3 The care of vulnerable groups is one indication of a country's degree of civilization... One especially vulnerable group, handicapped children, has never been as well cared for as now.

1978 E. J. Ferguson Protecting Vulnerable Adult 5 Community resources available to assist vulnerable adults in the areas of their lives where they have functional deficits, chronic or temporary.

2004 Community Care 8 Apr. 66/1 (advt.) You will work on a multi-agency basis with parents/carers, be flexible and have experience of working with disengaged and vulnerable young people.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vulnerable
释义	vulnerableadj. Brit. /ˈvʌln(ə)rəbl/, U.S. /ˈvəlnər(ə)bəl/ Etymology: < late Latin vulnerābilis wounding, < vulnerāre (see vuln v.), but taken passively in accordance with the more usual sense of -able suffix: compare invulnerable and French vulnérable, Spanish vulnerable, Portuguese -avel, Italian -abile. †1. Having power to wound; wounding. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] > wounding wounding?c1225 vulnerable1609 vulnerary1615 vulnerative1818 woundy1826 the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > causing a wound or wounds wounding1596 vulnerable1609 bewounding1612 vulnerary1615 vulnerative1818 woundy1826 1609 Ambassy Sir R. Sherley 13 The male children practise to ride greate horses, to throw the Vulnerable and Ineuitable darte. 2. a. That may be wounded; susceptible of receiving wounds or physical injury. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > able to be wounded vulnerablea1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. x. 11 Let fall thy blade on vulnerable Crests, I beare a charmed Life. View more context for this quotation 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Vulnerable, that may be wounded. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 606 Turn, turn, ye Trojans! face your Grecian foes. They, like yourselves, are vulnerable flesh, Not adamant or steel. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 217 [Alligators having] plates or scales, said to be impenetrable..except about their heads and just behind their fore legs, where they are vulnerable. 1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama ix. 91 Thrice through the vulnerable shade The Glendoveer impels the griding blade. The wicked Shade flies howling from his foe. 1867 J. B. Rose tr. Virgil Æneis 151 The vulnerable heel Of dread Æacides. b. figurative. Open to attack or injury of a non-physical nature; esp., offering an opening to the attacks of raillery, criticism, calumny, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective] > exposed to danger > vulnerable openeOE subjectc1384 pregnablec1475 opportunea1500 casuala1535 wide open?1544 obnoxious1572 assailable1589 liable1593 abnoxious1611 woundable1611 obnoxious1612 speeding1612 infectible1634 sufferable1651 attackable1656 vulnerable1678 prejudicial1682 threatenable1841 doable1849 infectable1860 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * We had further Observed it, to have been the Method of our Modern Atheists, to make their First Assault against Christianity, as thinking that to be the most Vulnerable. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. vii. 49 Reproaches and enquiries have no power to afflict either the man of unblemished integrity, or the abandoned profligate. It is the middle compound character which alone is vulnerable. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. vii. iii. 34 There, alone, is he vulnerable. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. vi. 135 ‘How delighted I am,’ she said, ‘that I have found out where you are vulnerable!’ 1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xvi. 147 His witty tongue was too keen for the easily vulnerable gods of Delphi. 1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. i. 5 Modern society growing more and more vulnerable..is made to tremble by the mere rumour of an appeal to arms. c. Similarly with part, point, portion. ΚΠ 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 357 Yet even calumny is sagacious enough to discover and to attack the most vulnerable part. 1789 W. Belsham Ess. II. xxxvi. 290 In this vulnerable part, only, can the shaft of the Satirist find an entrance. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xviii. 85 His private life presented some vulnerable points, through which his adversaries were able to strike more dangerous blows. 1847 H. Miller Test. Rocks (1857) ix. 358 Now this physical department has ever proved the vulnerable portion of false religions. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table x. 290 There is a human sub-species..to a certain extent penetrative... It has an instinct which guides it to the vulnerable parts of the victim on which it fastens. d. Contract Bridge. Of or pertaining to the liability of one side to be awarded increased penalties or increased bonuses as result of having won a game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [adjective] > liable to greater penalties or bonuses vulnerable1927 1925 Work-Whitehead Auction Bridge Bull. Oct. 5 In circles where high play predominates, there was introduced a variation of the above count, called ‘Le Vulnerable’.] 1927 Observer 5 June 19/2 The chief new feature [of contract bridge] introduced in America has been what is known as the ‘Vulnerable’ or ‘Danger Zone’. 1965 Listener 23 Sept. 474/3 Playing the Two Club system, my partner, the dealer, opened a vulnerable No Trump (strong). 1977 M. Kenyon Rapist i. 10 Five no trumps! Don't get vulnerable! 3. a. Of places, etc.: Open to attack or assault by armed forces; liable to be taken or entered in this way. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [adjective] > not pregnable1387 unfortified1525 expugnable1570 unimmured1615 stormable1645 fenceless1740 vulnerable1790 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 104 The immense expence the Spaniards have since been at, to fortify the city on that side, shews it to have been vulnerable then. 1797 St. Vincent 16 Aug. in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1845) II. 434 (note) The Tower of Santa Cruz in the Island of Teneriffe, which, from a variety of intelligence, I conceived was vulnerable. 1809 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 331 In the action of yesterday, our position was vulnerable only on the right. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. iii. 65 She felt herself vulnerable in Ireland, and on the Scottish border. 1884 Manch. Examiner 27 May 5/1 We should find it easier to hold [Russia] in check in the far East if she had vulnerable possessions nearer home. b. Similarly with part, point, side. ΚΠ 1798 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 8 A vulnerable part of the frontiers of the Company's territory. 1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames v. 210 Every vulnerable point was guarded. 1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 52 Even within those limits her Lombard subjects had discovered her vulnerable side. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. viii. 277 Charles..was looking for the most vulnerable point at which to strike. Derivatives ˈvulnerableness n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > liability to harm, loss, etc. danger1377 obnoxiousness1611 vulnerableness1727 vulnerability1808 assailableness1830 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Vulnerableness, Capableness of being wounded. 1842 H. E. Manning Serm. v. 69 There comes over us what I may call a vulnerableness of mind. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. i. ix. 166 The inner vulnerableness, the inner need of her affection and of peace with her. ˈvulnerably adv. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adverb] > in danger > liable to injury or harm vulnerably1837 1837 Foreign Q. Rev. XIX. 39 We do not think a passage can be quoted to which criticism can be vulnerably attached. Draft additions June 2012 Designating a person in need of special care, support, or protection (esp. provided as a social service) because of age, disability, risk of abuse or neglect, etc. ΚΠ 1947 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 20 261 We have cited above the more dramatic ways in which children are hurt and neglected by their communities and their families. These are the ‘vulnerable’ children, those who need extra care, extra protection, and a background of careful planning for them. 1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Feb. 112/3 The care of vulnerable groups is one indication of a country's degree of civilization... One especially vulnerable group, handicapped children, has never been as well cared for as now. 1978 E. J. Ferguson Protecting Vulnerable Adult 5 Community resources available to assist vulnerable adults in the areas of their lives where they have functional deficits, chronic or temporary. 2004 Community Care 8 Apr. 66/1 (advt.) You will work on a multi-agency basis with parents/carers, be flexible and have experience of working with disengaged and vulnerable young people. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1609
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