volkn.

Brit.

/fɒlk/,

/vɒlk/, U.S.

/fɔ(l)k/,

/foʊ(l)k/

Forms: Also Volk.

Etymology: German, Dutch, Afrikaans = nation, people: see folk n.

1. South African.

a. The Afrikaner people.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner > collectively

the Dutch1731

Boerdom1858

South African Dutch1877

volk1880

Amabhunu1883

Afrikanerdom1900

1880 G. Hudson Let. 1 Dec. in B. St. J. Bellairs Transvaal War (1885) 424 I met with a very sullen reception, and Mr Paul Kruger appeared..very anxious that I should keep out of sight of the ‘volk’ (people) as much as possible.

1928 E. A. Walker Hist. S. Afr. xiii. 515 The Afrikaner Volk proceeded to find itself along cultural and then along political lines. The Old Colony led the way.

1948 Press Digest (S. Afr. Jewish Board of Deputies) No. 2. 16 What the nationally-minded Afrikaner wishes for himself and for his volk, he wishes also for other peoples, namely a national home.

1953 P. H. Abrahams Return to Goli 175 It is not only the Afrikaans-speaking Whites, not only ‘Die Volk’, who believe in the colour bar.

1979 J. Drummond Patriots iii. 24 We have to throw out white privilege... That's being said..in the..strongholds of the Afrikaner volk.

b. Among Afrikaans-speakers: black or Coloured (coloured adj. 3d) farm workers.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > labourer or unskilled > collectively

hewers of wood and drawers of water1535

labouring class1753

volk1882

wananchi1965

1882 Cape Q. Rev. 317 The water to be utilised for medicinal purposes in a bathing-house adjacent, which at present serves as a habitat for the ‘volk’ (workmen) of the farm.

1900 B. Mitford Aletta 79 Come this way. My volk will see to your horse.

1939 J. S. Marais Cape Coloured People i. 5 In the western Cape a farmer calls his labourers his ‘volk’—the same word that Adam Tas used for his slaves, as distinguished from his Hottentot labourers, in the early eighteenth century.

1968 K. L. McMagh Dinner of Herbs 30 I get the volk to drag away the carcasses and skin them.

2. The German people, esp. in the ideology of National Socialism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > collectively

volk1933

1933 C. B. Hoover Germany enters Third Reich vii. 175 Das Volk is thought of not as a juridical organization to which one might belong by obtaining citizenship rights through naturalization, but as a community held together by the sacred ties of common blood.

1937 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Nov. 2/3 Like most nations of today, what is known as the Deutsche Volk is in itself a hybrid people composed of Germanic, Celtic, Slavic and Lithuanian elements.

Compounds

C1. In sense 1 (of the Afrikaner people):

ˈvolkspele n. /-spiələ/ plural. Afrikaner folk dances.

ΚΠ

1949 Cape Times 24 Sept. 9/2 There would be volkspele demonstrations, recitations and singing.

1972 Evening Post (Port Elizabeth) 5 Feb. Dancing that night will be confined to volkspele and other typically South African dances.

ˈvolkspeler n. a dancer of these.

ΚΠ

1953 Cape Times 17 Apr. 9/8 The group of volkspelers..will sail on an oversea tour in to-day's mailship.

ˈvolkswil n. /-vil/ the will of the people.

ΚΠ

1948 Cape Argus 2 Dec. 1/5 The numerical question apparently no longer applies, and it is now just a question of ‘volkswil’ and the support of the people.

1956 Star (Johannesburg) 23 Feb. 12/7 South Africa..has heard much sanctimonious talk of the ‘volkswil’ from members of a minority government.

C2. (In English some of these words are used without proper regard for the inflectional endings customary in German itself.) In the possessive in sense 2 (of the people):

Volksdeutsch adj. /ˈfɔlksdɔitʃ/ (fem., pl., Volksdeutsche /-tʃə/) belonging to or characteristic of the Volksdeutsche, ethnically German.

ΚΠ

1952 E. F. Davies Illyrian Venture x. 177 The house~keeper matron, a fat, grim Volksdeutsche woman.

1962 Listener 7 June 1004/2 The old Volksdeutsch grannie who has nothing left to do except learn to die.

1981 I. Boland tr. Ginzburg Within Whirlwind i. x. 83 She..expostulated in her Volksdeutsch dialect that people must be fed before they are turned out to work.

Volksdeutsche n. (plural) people of German origin resident outside Germany and Austria; ethnic Germans.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun]

Almainc1330

Dutchmana1387

Germana1387

High Dutchmana1450

Hans1569

Muff1585

Teutonic1638

Herr1653

Dutcher1671

mein Herr1796

Teuton1833

Dutchy1834

sour-crout1841

Fritz1887

sausage1890

Heinie1904

Boche1914

Fritzie1915

Hun1915

Jerry1916

sauerkraut-eater1918

sausage-eater1918

sale Boche1919

Volksdeutsche1937

1937 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Nov. 16/3 The Germans of foreign citizenship are called ‘Volksdeutsche’, or ‘racial Germans’.

1944 I. Origo Diary 7 June in War in Val d'Orcia (1947) 193 The Italian patriots..are..to give shelter to Volksdeutsche who have deserted from the German Army.

1961 R. Kee Refugee World iii. 20 Ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) living in east and south-east Europe.

Volksdeutscher n. a member of the Volksdeutsche, an ethnic German; also attributive.

ΚΠ

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Volksdeutscher.

1978 H. Wouk War & Remembrance xlvi. 463 A tall thin horribly pimpled Volksdeutscher burglar from Prague.

1981 I. Boland tr. Ginzburg Within Whirlwind i. xiii. 108 He was a German. A Crimean Volksdeutscher.

Volksgeist n. /ˈfɔlksɡaist/ the spirit or genius which marks the thought or feeling of a nation or people.

ΚΠ

1936 L. Wirth & E. A. Shils tr. K. Mannheim Ideol. & Utopia ii. 59 During this period the Volksgeist, ‘folk spirit’, comes to represent the historically differentiated elements of consciousness.

1977 D. Watkin Morality & Archit. iii. i. 79 Our fundamental concern is..with the impression left by the emphasis on national character or Volksgeist as a determinant of artistic style.

Volkskammer n. /ˈfɔlkskamər/ the parliament of the German Democratic Republic.

ΚΠ

1949 Times 8 Oct. 4 The German ‘People's Council’ proclaimed itself in Berlin yesterday to be the provisional Volkskammer, or Lower House, of the Parliament of the new ‘German Democratic Republic’.

1977 Whitaker's Almanack 865/1 Further amendments came into force on October 7, 1974 after adoption by the Volkskammer on September 27, 1974.

Volksoper n. /ˈfɔlksɔːpər/ the light opera house in Vienna; also transferred.

ΚΠ

1928 J. A. Mahan Vienna of Yesterday & Today ix. 210 Two opera houses, the Staatsoper..and the Volksoper..are in use every day of the season.

1968 Vogue 15 Apr. 23/1 Theoretically, the difference between the Wells and the Garden is that between Volksoper and Staatsoper in Vienna.

1980 Times 31 Dec. 3/5 The report rejects the idea that the D'Oyly Carte company should be built up..to become a British ‘Volksoper’, performing light music and operetta.

Volkspolizei n. /ˈfɔlkspolitsai/ a police force of the German Democratic Republic; members of this.

ΚΠ

1964 L. Deighton Funeral in Berlin vi. 38 A volkspolizei troop carrier was parked at the roadside.

1967 R. V. Beste Repeat Instruct. (1968) ix. 94 He walked past Volkspolizei, who eyed him suspiciously.

1980 A. Coppel Hastings Conspiracy vii. 52 Two uniformed officers of the Volkspolizei..had hurried him to the military airfield at Bützow.

Volkspolizist n. /ˈfɔlkspolitsist/ a member of the Volkspolizei.

ΚΠ

1974 ‘J. D. White’ Leipzig Affair vii. 63 There was a volkspolizist waiting outside my room.

Volkssturm n. /ˈfɔlksʃturm/ a territorial army established in Germany during the last years of the Third Reich; also attributive.

ΚΠ

1944 Nation (N.Y.) 25 Nov. 653 The Volkssturm is necessarily largely composed of men between fifty and sixty, with a sprinkling of sixteen- and seventeen-year-old boys.

1969 A. Marin Rise with Wind ii. 12 He could still remember the..day when a Volkssturm officer dug him out of the rubble.

Volkswanderung n. /ˈfɔlksvandəruŋ/ = Völkerwanderung n.

ΚΠ

1855 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 9 Jan. (1954) II. 190 The subject I now propose is ‘Women in Germany’..through the periods of the Volkswanderung and the romantic..life of the Middle Ages up to our own day.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	volk
释义	volkn. Brit. /fɒlk/, /vɒlk/, U.S. /fɔ(l)k/, /foʊ(l)k/ Forms: Also Volk. Etymology: German, Dutch, Afrikaans = nation, people: see folk n. 1. South African. a. The Afrikaner people. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner > collectively the Dutch1731 Boerdom1858 South African Dutch1877 volk1880 Amabhunu1883 Afrikanerdom1900 1880 G. Hudson Let. 1 Dec. in B. St. J. Bellairs Transvaal War (1885) 424 I met with a very sullen reception, and Mr Paul Kruger appeared..very anxious that I should keep out of sight of the ‘volk’ (people) as much as possible. 1928 E. A. Walker Hist. S. Afr. xiii. 515 The Afrikaner Volk proceeded to find itself along cultural and then along political lines. The Old Colony led the way. 1948 Press Digest (S. Afr. Jewish Board of Deputies) No. 2. 16 What the nationally-minded Afrikaner wishes for himself and for his volk, he wishes also for other peoples, namely a national home. 1953 P. H. Abrahams Return to Goli 175 It is not only the Afrikaans-speaking Whites, not only ‘Die Volk’, who believe in the colour bar. 1979 J. Drummond Patriots iii. 24 We have to throw out white privilege... That's being said..in the..strongholds of the Afrikaner volk. b. Among Afrikaans-speakers: black or Coloured (coloured adj. 3d) farm workers. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > labourer or unskilled > collectively hewers of wood and drawers of water1535 labouring class1753 volk1882 wananchi1965 1882 Cape Q. Rev. 317 The water to be utilised for medicinal purposes in a bathing-house adjacent, which at present serves as a habitat for the ‘volk’ (workmen) of the farm. 1900 B. Mitford Aletta 79 Come this way. My volk will see to your horse. 1939 J. S. Marais Cape Coloured People i. 5 In the western Cape a farmer calls his labourers his ‘volk’—the same word that Adam Tas used for his slaves, as distinguished from his Hottentot labourers, in the early eighteenth century. 1968 K. L. McMagh Dinner of Herbs 30 I get the volk to drag away the carcasses and skin them. 2. The German people, esp. in the ideology of National Socialism. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > collectively volk1933 1933 C. B. Hoover Germany enters Third Reich vii. 175 Das Volk is thought of not as a juridical organization to which one might belong by obtaining citizenship rights through naturalization, but as a community held together by the sacred ties of common blood. 1937 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Nov. 2/3 Like most nations of today, what is known as the Deutsche Volk is in itself a hybrid people composed of Germanic, Celtic, Slavic and Lithuanian elements. Compounds C1. In sense 1 (of the Afrikaner people): ˈvolkspele n. /-spiələ/ plural. Afrikaner folk dances. ΚΠ 1949 Cape Times 24 Sept. 9/2 There would be volkspele demonstrations, recitations and singing. 1972 Evening Post (Port Elizabeth) 5 Feb. Dancing that night will be confined to volkspele and other typically South African dances. ˈvolkspeler n. a dancer of these. ΚΠ 1953 Cape Times 17 Apr. 9/8 The group of volkspelers..will sail on an oversea tour in to-day's mailship. ˈvolkswil n. /-vil/ the will of the people. ΚΠ 1948 Cape Argus 2 Dec. 1/5 The numerical question apparently no longer applies, and it is now just a question of ‘volkswil’ and the support of the people. 1956 Star (Johannesburg) 23 Feb. 12/7 South Africa..has heard much sanctimonious talk of the ‘volkswil’ from members of a minority government. C2. (In English some of these words are used without proper regard for the inflectional endings customary in German itself.) In the possessive in sense 2 (of the people): Volksdeutsch adj. /ˈfɔlksdɔitʃ/ (fem., pl., Volksdeutsche /-tʃə/) belonging to or characteristic of the Volksdeutsche, ethnically German. ΚΠ 1952 E. F. Davies Illyrian Venture x. 177 The house~keeper matron, a fat, grim Volksdeutsche woman. 1962 Listener 7 June 1004/2 The old Volksdeutsch grannie who has nothing left to do except learn to die. 1981 I. Boland tr. Ginzburg Within Whirlwind i. x. 83 She..expostulated in her Volksdeutsch dialect that people must be fed before they are turned out to work. Volksdeutsche n. (plural) people of German origin resident outside Germany and Austria; ethnic Germans. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] Almainc1330 Dutchmana1387 Germana1387 High Dutchmana1450 Hans1569 Muff1585 Teutonic1638 Herr1653 Dutcher1671 mein Herr1796 Teuton1833 Dutchy1834 sour-crout1841 Fritz1887 sausage1890 Heinie1904 Boche1914 Fritzie1915 Hun1915 Jerry1916 sauerkraut-eater1918 sausage-eater1918 sale Boche1919 Volksdeutsche1937 1937 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Nov. 16/3 The Germans of foreign citizenship are called ‘Volksdeutsche’, or ‘racial Germans’. 1944 I. Origo Diary 7 June in War in Val d'Orcia (1947) 193 The Italian patriots..are..to give shelter to Volksdeutsche who have deserted from the German Army. 1961 R. Kee Refugee World iii. 20 Ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) living in east and south-east Europe. Volksdeutscher n. a member of the Volksdeutsche, an ethnic German; also attributive. ΚΠ 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Volksdeutscher. 1978 H. Wouk War & Remembrance xlvi. 463 A tall thin horribly pimpled Volksdeutscher burglar from Prague. 1981 I. Boland tr. Ginzburg Within Whirlwind i. xiii. 108 He was a German. A Crimean Volksdeutscher. Volksgeist n. /ˈfɔlksɡaist/ the spirit or genius which marks the thought or feeling of a nation or people. ΚΠ 1936 L. Wirth & E. A. Shils tr. K. Mannheim Ideol. & Utopia ii. 59 During this period the Volksgeist, ‘folk spirit’, comes to represent the historically differentiated elements of consciousness. 1977 D. Watkin Morality & Archit. iii. i. 79 Our fundamental concern is..with the impression left by the emphasis on national character or Volksgeist as a determinant of artistic style. Volkskammer n. /ˈfɔlkskamər/ the parliament of the German Democratic Republic. ΚΠ 1949 Times 8 Oct. 4 The German ‘People's Council’ proclaimed itself in Berlin yesterday to be the provisional Volkskammer, or Lower House, of the Parliament of the new ‘German Democratic Republic’. 1977 Whitaker's Almanack 865/1 Further amendments came into force on October 7, 1974 after adoption by the Volkskammer on September 27, 1974. Volksoper n. /ˈfɔlksɔːpər/ the light opera house in Vienna; also transferred. ΚΠ 1928 J. A. Mahan Vienna of Yesterday & Today ix. 210 Two opera houses, the Staatsoper..and the Volksoper..are in use every day of the season. 1968 Vogue 15 Apr. 23/1 Theoretically, the difference between the Wells and the Garden is that between Volksoper and Staatsoper in Vienna. 1980 Times 31 Dec. 3/5 The report rejects the idea that the D'Oyly Carte company should be built up..to become a British ‘Volksoper’, performing light music and operetta. Volkspolizei n. /ˈfɔlkspolitsai/ a police force of the German Democratic Republic; members of this. ΚΠ 1964 L. Deighton Funeral in Berlin vi. 38 A volkspolizei troop carrier was parked at the roadside. 1967 R. V. Beste Repeat Instruct. (1968) ix. 94 He walked past Volkspolizei, who eyed him suspiciously. 1980 A. Coppel Hastings Conspiracy vii. 52 Two uniformed officers of the Volkspolizei..had hurried him to the military airfield at Bützow. Volkspolizist n. /ˈfɔlkspolitsist/ a member of the Volkspolizei. ΚΠ 1974 ‘J. D. White’ Leipzig Affair vii. 63 There was a volkspolizist waiting outside my room. Volkssturm n. /ˈfɔlksʃturm/ a territorial army established in Germany during the last years of the Third Reich; also attributive. ΚΠ 1944 Nation (N.Y.) 25 Nov. 653 The Volkssturm is necessarily largely composed of men between fifty and sixty, with a sprinkling of sixteen- and seventeen-year-old boys. 1969 A. Marin Rise with Wind ii. 12 He could still remember the..day when a Volkssturm officer dug him out of the rubble. Volkswanderung n. /ˈfɔlksvandəruŋ/ = Völkerwanderung n. ΚΠ 1855 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 9 Jan. (1954) II. 190 The subject I now propose is ‘Women in Germany’..through the periods of the Volkswanderung and the romantic..life of the Middle Ages up to our own day. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1855
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