单词 | vitriol |
释义 | vitrioln. 1. One or other of various native or artificial sulphates of metals (see 2, 3) used in the arts or medicinally, esp. sulphate of iron: a. Used in singular without article. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] vitriolc1386 vitriol stone1669 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > used in arts or medicine vitriolc1386 vitriola1425 German vitriol1576 c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 255 Vnslekked lym, chalk,..Poudres diuerse, asshes,..Cered pottes, sal peter, vitriole. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 579 Draganti, vytryole, or coporose. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 40 Puluerez of alume, zucarine brent, of attrament, and of vitriol. 1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy Adm. iv. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 190 Also I wrought in Sulphur and in Vitriall, Whych folys doe call the Grene Lyon. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Fjv Halfe an ounce of vytryol wherof the ynke is made. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 317/1 Bloodstenchinge. Take of the best Vitriolle, beate it smalle, and boulte it through a fine cloth. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 276 Copperas or Vitriole..is a minerall salt, which..doth farre excell many other kinds of salts. 1681 P. Bellon tr. F. de Monginot New Myst. Physick Introd. 38 Those Acides, and acrimonious Particles of the Salt and Vitriol which had caused its Sublimation. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 8 The last is what is forced from Vinegar, Vitriol, and such like acid Substances. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Antients give the Name Chalcitis, or Chalcite, to native Vitriol;..which is a kind of mineral Stone, of a reddish Colour. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 446 Besides sulphur, vitriol is also made here, of a sapphire colour. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 359 The chloride of calcium melting easily in the still, enables the whole of the acetic acid to be evolved at a lower temperature than when vitriol is employed. 1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xviii. 26 The use of vitriol was recommended among other destructive agencies. b. In plural (or with a). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > used in arts or medicine vitriolc1386 vitriola1425 German vitriol1576 a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 79 Of atramentez, i. of vitriolez, bene many kyndez. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. ix. 37 Some of these salts are bytter as wormewood, some sharpe as vitriolls. 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 6 They that drink of them purge forth black excrements by reason of the vitrials. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) According to Boerhaave, Vitriols consist of a metallic Part with a Sulphur adhering, a menstruous Acid, and Water. 1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 395 Vitriols have been discovered buried in the ancient sandy bed of that sea. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1004 The several vitriols being distinguished by their colours, or by the metals which they contain. 2. With distinguishing epithets: a. With adjectives of colour. blue vitriol, green vitriol, red vitriol, white vitriol, sulphate of copper, iron, cobalt, and zinc respectively. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > iron sulphate green vitriolc1400 vitriol of Mars1678 colcothar of vitriol1753 vitriol of iron1753 iron alum1834 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of iron green vitriolc1400 green copperasc1503 vitriol of Mars1678 vitriol of iron1753 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > cobalt sulphate red vitriol1611 vitriol of cobalt1796 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of cobalt red vitriol1611 vitriol of cobalt1796 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > other sulphates aluma1398 aphronitrea1398 white vitriol1676 oxysulphate1802 hyposulphate1819 sulphur salt1836 potash alum1837 hepar1866 kainite1868 kalinite1868 nickel sulphate1868 trisulphate1880 trisulphonate1892 thalline sulphate1899 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of zinc white copperas1464 white vitriol1676 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > copper sulphate Roman vitriol?a1425 blue vitriol1560 blue copperas1646 bluestone1651 crystals, saffron, salt, vinegar, vitriol of Venus1693 vitriol of copper1694 blue vitriol1728 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of copper Roman vitriol?a1425 blue copperas1617 bluestone1651 crystals, saffron, salt, vinegar, vitriol of Venus1693 vitriol of copper1694 blue vitriol1728 copper-vitriol1770 c1400 tr. Lanfranc's Cirurg. 14 Grene vitriol, & he be do to a man of a drie complexioun, engendrith fleisch. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 79 Þer is a spice of vitriol þat is called vitriolum romanum, i. coporose; And it is of ȝalow colour in reward of þe grenner vitriol. And þer is one of white colour bot noȝt schynyng.] 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Marcassin iaulne, Red vitrioll. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 617 A salt that had some resemblance to white Vitriol. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In Blue Vitriol, the Metal, wherewith the Acid, &c. is join'd, is Copper. a1750 W. Gibson New Treat. Dis. Horses (1751) iii. iii. 193 In some cases it [sc. the horse's eye] may be touched with the blue Vitriol stone, or the Lunar caustic. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 66 Green Vitriol hath a saltish and astringent taste. 1819 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. 247 Copper and Sulphuric Acid—Oxysulphate of Copper—Blue Vitriol. 1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 180 Cobalt Vitriol..Red Vitriol. Sulphate of Cobalt. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 402/2 White vitriol is a combination of sulphuric-acid and oxide of zinc. 1887 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. IV. 224/2 Ferrous sulphate is the salt so well known as green vitriol, and also in the impure state as copperas. b. With other adjectives, as English vitriol, German vitriol, Hungarian vitriol, Roman vitriol. ΚΠ 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 7 Then put in it two unces of greene Coporas, or els of Romayne Vitrial, which is beste. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vitriol d'Allemagne, German Vitrioll. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vitriol d'Hongrie, Hungarie Vitrioll. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 134 The English bring into France..Leade, Tynne, English Vitriall, or Shoemakers blacke. 1651 J. French Art Distillation iii. 66 Take of Hungarian, or the best English Vitriall. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Roman Vitriol is made by exposing these Pyrites to the Air, till such time as they calcine. 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. i. 43 Take Hungarian Vitriol, Allom, of each half a Pound, Phlegm of Vitriol 10 Pounds. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 505/1 Sulphuric acid and copper form sulphate of copper, blue vitriol, or Roman vitriol, or blue copperas. 3. a. With term indicating the base, as vitriol of cobalt, vitriol of copper, vitriol of iron, vitriol of lead, vitriol of silver, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > copper sulphate Roman vitriol?a1425 blue vitriol1560 blue copperas1646 bluestone1651 crystals, saffron, salt, vinegar, vitriol of Venus1693 vitriol of copper1694 blue vitriol1728 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > silver sulphate vitriol of silver1694 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of copper Roman vitriol?a1425 blue copperas1617 bluestone1651 crystals, saffron, salt, vinegar, vitriol of Venus1693 vitriol of copper1694 blue vitriol1728 copper-vitriol1770 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of silver vitriol of silver1694 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > iron sulphate green vitriolc1400 vitriol of Mars1678 colcothar of vitriol1753 vitriol of iron1753 iron alum1834 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of iron green vitriolc1400 green copperasc1503 vitriol of Mars1678 vitriol of iron1753 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > cobalt sulphate red vitriol1611 vitriol of cobalt1796 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of cobalt red vitriol1611 vitriol of cobalt1796 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 580/2 Of this opened Sol, to make Vitriol of Gold. 1695 W. W. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum 61 The Pouder consists of a Vitriol of Copper. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vitriol of Copper or Venus, is Blue Chrystals made by a Solution of Copper in Spirit of Nitre, Evaporation, and Chrystallization in a cool place. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vitriol of Silver, or of the Moon. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Of this kind are the Vitriols of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, and tin. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Vitriol of Quicksilver, the name of a chemical preparation of quick~silver, with acid spirits. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Another method of making the Vitriol of mercury. 1791 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 381 Fused..on a plate of platina, with the vitriols of tartar and soda, it appeared entirely to resist their action. 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 90 If they are considered..as Vitriols of Cobalt and Nickel, they are ranged among Ores. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 288 The patient bore large doses of the vitriols of copper and of zinc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > iron sulphate green vitriolc1400 vitriol of Mars1678 colcothar of vitriol1753 vitriol of iron1753 iron alum1834 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of iron green vitriolc1400 green copperasc1503 vitriol of Mars1678 vitriol of iron1753 1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis 836/2 Filings of Steel are digested in Spirit of Vitriol, to make Vitriol of Mars. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Vitriol of Mars, Iron and Spirit of Vitriol mix'd and distill'd together. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vitriol of Mars, or Salt of Steel, is made by dissolving Steel in some proper Acid Menstruum then Evaporating and Chrystallizing to gain the Salt as above in Copper. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 66 These crystals are called Green Vitriol, and Vitriol of Mars. 4. a. oil of vitriol [compare Middle French huile de vitriol (Paré, 16th cent.)] , concentrated sulphuric acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > acids-named > containing sulphur > sulphuric acid oil of vitriol1580 vitriolic acid1748 chamber acid1853 hydrogen sulphate1869 oleum1905 1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Bk. Medicines agaynst Venome in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 117v In our time there hath beene compounded and drawen out an Oyle, which they call Oyle of Uitrioll, or Coporace. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Huile de vie, Oyle of Vitrioll. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxii. 176 This we fill'd with Oyl of Vitriol and fair water. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Oil of Vitriol, which comes out after the Spirit, by heightning the Fire wherewith that had been rais'd. 1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 31 Add, by a little at a time, as much vitriolic acid, commonly sold by the name of oil of vitriol, as will re-dissolve the whole. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xv. 384 Pouring in so much concentrated oil of vitriol as shall moisten the fragments. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 102 Water made slightly sour by addition of a little oil of vitriol. b. spirit(s) of vitriol, a distilled essence of vitriol. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites spirit(s) of vitriol1671 vitriolica1684 sulphate1789 sulphite1789 M.S.1953 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 175 Such as Oyl of Tartar and spirit of Vitriol. 1674 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 9 44 As for the Acid Saline Principle, I suppose no person who hath tasted the Spirit of Vitriol,..will question its abounding in that subject. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Salt Thus Spirit of Nitre, with Salt of Tartar, make Salt-petre; and Spirit of Salt, with Salt of Tartar, make a true Common Salt; and Spirit of Vitriol, with Salt of Tartar, a true Vitriol. 1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. ii. 264 This may be sharpened with the spirits of vitriol. 1771 Encycl. Brit. II. 72/1 If the vitriolic acid contain much water, it is then called spirit of vitriol. 1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1336 Vitriol, Sweet Spirit of,..a term for..sulphuric ether. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > iron sulphate green vitriolc1400 vitriol of Mars1678 colcothar of vitriol1753 vitriol of iron1753 iron alum1834 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician i. 21 Comatous children are..cured by Vomitive Salt of Vitriol. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 581/2 Terra Vitrioli dulcis, sweet Earth of Vitriol. 1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory i. 21 Take red calcin'd Vitriol. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Sulphur Colcothar, or fixed salt of vitriol. 1755 Dict. Arts & Sci. (at cited word) A fine purple matter, called colcothar of vitriol. 5. figurative. (In allusion to the corrosive properties of vitriol.) Virulence or acrimony of feeling or utterance. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [noun] gallc1175 sourness1482 fellc1494 acerbitya1538 tartness1548 acrimony1597 verjuice1598 vinegara1616 acidness1660 asperity1664 thorniness1674 acidity1687 acerbitude1727 acridity1753 vitriol1769 souredness1858 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xv. 101 Flat and insipid in your retired state, but brought into action, you become vitriol again. 1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lv. 3 They..cast the vitriol of their calumny over me. 1895 Literary World (Boston) 8 Nov. 359/1 This introduction, with its mixture of genius, shrewdness, and vitriol, is a piece of prose not to be missed. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as vitriol bath, vitriol chamber, vitriol-maker, vitriol marcasite, vitriol-thrower, vitriol-throwing, vitriol water. ΚΠ 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 62 The solution of the vitriol marcasite..precipitates the same vitriolick oaker. 1675 E. Wilson Spadacrene Dunelmensis 43 Two vitriol waters in the Copper Mine of Herongrundt. 1755 Dict. Arts & Sci. (at cited word) The old iron, picked up by the poor people about our streets, is sold to the vitriol or copperas makers. 1843 W. M. Thackeray Irish Sketch-bk. I. viii. 158 We had a talk about the vitriol-throwers at Cork, and the sentence just passed upon them. 1849 H. Martineau Introd. Hist. Peace (1877) III. v. v. 263 They mourned over the murders, and vitriol-throwing of the operatives, who were enslaved by mercenary delegates. 1867 C. L. Bloxam Chemistry 205 The vitriol chambers form part of the plant of the alkali works. 1869 A. J. Evans Vashti iv. 59 Compassion is about as welcome to my feelings as a vitriol bath to fresh wounds. C2. vitriol ochre n. a former name of glockerite. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] vitriolc1386 vitriol stone1669 1669 R. Boyle Of Absolute Rest in Bodies 15 in Certain Physiol. Ess. (ed. 2) A bulky Marchasite that I procur'd from a Virtuoso that lives just by a Vitriol-work, whither these among other Vitriol-Stones are brought. 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. v. ix. 378 If in the incarning the Wound the Flesh grows luxurious, touch it with a Vitriol~stone, and it will..dispose it to cicatrize. Derivatives ˈvitriol v. (transitive) to injure (a person) by means of vitriol; to expose (a thing) to the effects of vitriol. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > burn or scald forscalda1225 forseethe?c1225 scald1340 burn1509 powder-burn1782 vitriolize1886 vitriol1897 1897 Westm. Gaz. 16 Dec. 5/2 I do not want to be killed, and I have a particular objection to being vitrioled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1386 |
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