vocabularyn.

Brit.

/və(ʊ)ˈkabjᵿləri/, U.S.

/voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri/,

/vəˈkæbjəˌlɛri/

Forms: 1500s vocabularye, 1500s–1600s vocabularie, 1500s– vocabulary.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vocabularius.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin vocabularius, vocabularium wordlist, dictionary (from 1508 in British sources, from 1515 in continental sources), set of words used in a branch of knowledge (a1537) < classical Latin vocābulum vocable n. + -ārius , -ārium -ary suffix¹. Compare vocabuler n. and slightly earlier vocabular n.Compare Middle French, French vocabulaire (1481), Spanish vocabulario (1490), Italian vocabolario (1536 as vocabulario ), all earliest in sense 1a.

a. A collection or list of words with brief explanations, definitions, or translations of their meanings, either in the form of a stand-alone list or book, or (now more usually) as part of an elementary grammar or reader (reader n. 6), esp. one intended for learners of a foreign language; a wordlist.Vocabularies are usually arranged either alphabetically or according to subject headings.In later use vocabulary tends to refer to a list of a restricted set of words compiled for a particular purpose, and so is typically distinguished in meaning from dictionary, although in earlier use the two terms were often used interchangeably (see e.g. quot. 1707). Where such a list is given in a linguistic study, subject-specific text, or in a reader for language learners, glossary is a common alternative term.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words

vocabulist?1523

vocabular1530

vocabuler1530

vocabulary1532

nomenclator1585

wordbook1598

verbal1599

lexicon1647

nomenclature1659

vocabula1698

abecedarium1796

vocab1836

vocabulary book1854

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere ii. p. cxxxvii Then muste he wyth his translacyon make vs an englysh vocabularye of his owne deuyse.

1537 (title) Sex linguarum... A vocabulary in six languages.

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 55 Maister Heskins fareth as hee were halfe madde, sending vs to the Vocabularies, Calepines, and Dictionaries.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. ix. 355 This is the proper signification of the word, [it is] thus used in Scripture by the Septuagint, [and] Greeke vocabularies thus expound it.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 260 A Vocabulary made after this fashion, would, perhaps, with more ease, and in less time, teach the true signification of many Terms.

1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2438 A Latin-Celtick Dictionary: or, a Vocabulary of the Original Languages of Britain and Ireland.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. iv. 76 It is necessary that we should be furnished with Vocabularies and Dictionaries of several Sorts.

?1781 Gentleman's Mag. 51 Suppl. 622/1 He had thrown into his work all the words he could collect from vocabularies of the different dialects of the Celtic.

1867 Times 26 Apr. 6/2 The Dictionnaire Douanier ou Nomenclature Explicative gives a correct version of the Zollverein tariff..with French and German vocabularies of much practical value.

1884 G. G. Bradley Latin Prose Composition 353 The Latin words in this Vocabulary are not necessarily equivalent to the English.

1922 J. R. R. Tolkien (title) A Middle English vocabulary.

1930 Boys' Life Mar. 60/3 Look through your Latin vocabulary to catch up every possible meaning of the words you can't understand in the sentence.

1981 New Scientist 24 Dec. 855/1 As there are 58 such words, it begins to feel as though you're studying a French or German vocabulary for the first 10 minutes.

2004 R. A. Slotten Heretic in Darwin's Court v. 82 He..collected the weapons, implements, and ornaments of the natives..and compiled a vocabulary of the language of one of the tribes.

†b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere iv. p. cxlix Yf he agre that the contempte and dyspysynge of goddes lawe maye be called malyce, and a malycyouse castynge of of the yoke of goddes lawe bothe fro loue and drede, as I wene it is expouned in god almyghtys vocabulary.

1637 R. Ashley tr. V. Malvezzi Davide Perseguitato 2 Will you..conceive what it is that God speakes when hee sends a pestilence, when hee sends a famine, when hee sends warre..? Goe runne over these names in the Vocabulary of the Almighty.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §3 Otherwise all the use of words is to be a meer vocabulary to the understanding, and an Index to memory.

†c. More generally: a full or extensive listing or enumeration of a number of things; a list. Usually with of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > list > [noun]

tableOE

scorec1325

billa1340

calendar?a1400

legendc1400

librarya1450

Ragmanc1450

Ragman rollc1450

cataloguea1464

repertory1542

scrowa1545

bedroll?1552

roll1565

file1566

state1582

inventory1589

brief1600

series1601

counter-roll1603

list1604

muster roll1605

cense1615

pinax1625

repertoirec1626

diagram1631

recensiona1638

repertorium1667

vocabulary1694

albe1697

enumeration1725

screed1748

album1753

tableau1792

roll-call1833

shopping list1923

laundry list1958

remainder list1977

1694 J. C. de Lacroze Hist. & Geogr. Descr. France Pref. sig. A5^v A Vocabulary of this Authors Faults would make up a small Volume, and therefore I shall only add an instance or two more.

1806 T. E. Hook Invisible Girl i. 11 If once you begin the vocabulary of my misdemeanours I never shall have courage to attack.

1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 242 He heard a vocabulary of dishes enumerated with grace and fluency [by the French cook].

1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xvi. 360 The most complete vocabulary of arms..in the Old Testament is taken from the panoply of a Philistine warrior.

a. The body or range of words used in a particular language; = lexicon n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > words collectively vocabulary

wordhoardeOE

vocabulary1701

wordage1829

word-stock1858

wordlore1904

lexicon1933

lexis1960

vocab1971

1701 W. Pittis True-born Englishman Answer'd 46 He would have shewn he had pick'd out the worst [Word] he could find in the whole English Vocabulary.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Pref. p. vi The Vocabulary of any Language, is representative of the several Notices of the People among whom it obtains.

1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 107 It is no longer a sealed language, its laws, structure, and vocabulary being sufficiently well known.

1882 A. W. Ward Dickens vii. 206 He recognised his responsibility..in keeping the vocabulary of the language pure.

1920 Cassell's New Pop. Educ. I. 72/2 In its early stages English was much more like German than it is now. This is clear..in the vocabulary of the language.

1967 A. J. Toynbee Between Maule & Amazon 123 None of them [sc. Indian languages] have vocabularies that can convey the ideas and describe the apparatus of modern civilization.

2001 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 23 Dec. (Mag.) 9/2 There are other much more interesting and colourful words in the Scottish vocabulary. Like, for example, ‘dobber’.

b. The body of words known or habitually used by an individual; the range of language of a particular author, group, book, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > vocabulary of individual or group

dictionary1579

vocabulary1710

1710 Medley 16–23 Oct. I have..ras'd necessary means, Revolution, Toleration, Bank, Hanover, &c. out of my Vocabulary, to make room for his Hereditary, Republican, Schismatical, Antimonarchical, Occasional, and so forth.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. v. 232 Let nerves be discarded from the female vocabulary.

1819 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 44 The taste of the instructer..can have little effect on the pupil, till he..has acquired a vocabulary of considerable extent.

1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. 2 An Innocent, in Shakesperian vocabulary, signifies an Idiot.

1892 C. Taylor Witness of Hermas 130 On the principle that vocabulary is an indication of an author's literary sources.

1979 Ebony Sept. 79/1 (advt.) The average adult has a vocabulary of only 30,000 to 60,000 words.

2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 8 Feb. 29/1 ‘The cricket test’, as it came to be called, entered the British political vocabulary.

2011 T. Ronald Becoming Nancy (2012) ii. 28 Why me?.. Was it perhaps because I had a vocabulary of more than fourteen words and I preferred Kate Bush to Thin Lizzy?

c. Frequently with of. The range of language used to convey a particular emotion, associated with a particular concept, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > words collectively vocabulary > of a quality or feeling

vocabulary1768

1768 A. Portal Indiscreet Lover iv. 62 O, that such a Word should be found in the Vocabulary of Love!

1805 T. G. Fessenden Democracy Unveiled (ed. 2) I. iii. 80 Coining new phrases to enrich the vocabulary of sedition.

1853 Oakmote Hall lv. 453 The homely phrase..is, perhaps, the only one, after all, that we could select, out of all love's vocabulary, to express our full meaning.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 5 The rank vocabulary of malice and hate.

1906 Daily Chron. 19 Feb. 10/1 Pronounced slowly and with the proper emphasis, ‘gongoozler’ merits a very high place in the vocabulary of opprobrium.

1951 F. J. Sheen Three to get Married xi. 113 There are only two words in the vocabulary of love: ‘you’ and ‘always’.

2017 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 22 Jan. 2 With this vocabulary of hate, he has advocated for exclusionary policies that will hurt women, immigrants, [etc.].

d. Used metaphorically in various negative constructions to indicate that a particular concept is foreign to a person's nature, lies outside his or her sphere of experience, etc., as in —— is not in my vocabulary, etc.

ΚΠ

1797 Monthly Mag. Mar. 183/1 Finishing is no part of her system, and the word complete is, I believe, not in her vocabulary.

1815 J. Cormack Abol. Fem. Infanticide Guzerat x. 196 The almost infinite labours of an individual, from whose vocabulary the word impossible seems to have been excluded.

1862 Ann. Monitor 1863 (Soc. of Friends) 162 I do not use the word tired, it is not in my vocabulary.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxix. 272 The actor..had erased the words ‘ought’ and ‘ought not’ from his vocabulary as completely as most of his contemporaries.

1921 ‘M. Brand’ Seventh Man ii. 11 Speed was not in her vocabulary, and accordingly it was late afternoon..when Gregg..steered her through Murphy's Pass.

1998 Eng. Bridge Oct. 25/4 Harold explained (not patiently, the word wasn't in his vocabulary) that all I had to do was [etc.].

2009 Daily Mail (Nexis) 15 July Apology scarcely figures in the politician's vocabulary.

e. In extended use: any formally organized collection of signs or symbols having a communicative function analogous to the components of a spoken or written language.In quot. 1881: such signs collectively.

ΚΠ

1881 Evening Jrnl. (Fairfield, Iowa) 12 Feb. An important and interesting work is being done by the Bureau of Ethnology in collecting and publishing the vocabulary of the Indian sign language.

1895 Amer. Ann. Deaf Apr. 151 From this time the child's vocabulary of signs grows apace if he be a bright child.

1941 M. W. de Laubenfels Life Sci. viii. 298/1 An ape has a vocabulary of 4 noises.

1960 Bell Lab. Rec. 38 330/2 There are over 100 different types of instructions in the computer's vocabulary.

2007 D. F. Armstrong & S. E. Wilcox Gestural Origin Lang. ii. 25 Apes, and especially chimpanzees, can acquire a substantial vocabulary of signs.

3. Nautical. A system of signals, made using flags, originally devised by Sir Home Popham (1762–1820) for use in communicating between ships at sea. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > signalling > [noun] > system or code of signals

vocabulary1803

international code1855

1803 H. Popham (title) Telegraphic signals; or marine vocabulary.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 714 Vocabulary, the system of naval signals based on Sir Home Popham's improvements.

1986 T. Wilson Flags at Sea v. 81/2 To increase its scope..a supplementary ‘vocabulary’ was devised by Captain Sir Home Popham in 1800.

4. The words and phrases in a foreign language taught or used as part of a language-learning course or exercise.

ΚΠ

1850 J. von Tautphœus Initials I. xii. 298 What is the use of a sword and uniform, when I must learn vocabulary, and write French exercises?

1941 F. L. Ruch Psychol. & Life (new ed.) xi. 374 In French I have to review, or learn, my grammar..and I have to learn some vocabulary too.

2017 Korea Times (Nexis) 1 Mar. I believe that learning while interacting with others is more efficient than taking notes and memorizing vocabulary.

5. figurative. A set of artistic or stylistic forms, techniques, movements, etc.; the range of such forms, etc., available to a particular artist, performer, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > for expression of

vocabulary1860

1860 A. Phelps et al. Hymns & Choirs iii. 374 It was not strange, that practised singers should desire a richer and more copious musical vocabulary in which to express their public praises.

1879 Manch. Weekly Times 27 Dec. Suppl. 423/1 He contends..that people of humble position and scanty education in the present have a very limited vocabulary of colours.

1917 G. B. Shaw in Nation 28 July 429/1 As far as mere grammar and vocabulary go, there is nothing more in the statue scene from Don Juan..than in the exquisite little song of Cherubino.

1949 Ballet Ann. 3 109/2 Repetitions, lengthy passages, obscure symbols and movements..which ever aim not only at enriching the classic vocabulary..but at uplifting the mind.

1960 Economist 22 Oct. 369/2 No country is likely to be able to rely purely on its own ‘vocabulary’ of styling; but British manufacturers..might be glad to escape the dependence on Italian and Swiss fashion leadership in car bodies.

1977 New Yorker 25 July 62/2 Together the two enlarged the vocabulary of lawn tennis and laid the foundation for the all-court game.

2000 Victorian July 5 Its unbroken roof lines, sheer wall surfaces, and flush tracery anticipate the vocabulary of High Victorian gothic.

2017 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 26 Feb. His link to the struggle movement as a student activist generating protest posters..informs his artistic vocabulary.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as vocabulary lesson, vocabulary test, etc.

ΚΠ

1870 Sat. Rev. 29 Jan. 174/1 (advt.) The Seven Kings of Rome: an easy narrative, abridged from the first book of Livy... Vocabulary exercises, 2s. 6d.

1942 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 55 608 5 verbal and 5 performance-tests, with vocabulary-test as alternate.

1952 College Eng. 13 458 The open-book vocabulary test, preceded by proper preparation, produces better learning..than traditional methods of vocabulary drill.

1991 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 29 174 The primary task in vocabulary acquisition is seen as one involving a continuous refining of meaning.

2017 New Yorker (Nexis) 6 Feb. 17 McLeod began with a vocabulary lesson. ‘Wood “chopping” is not this,’ he said, swinging the axe overhead and then down at a log propped up on its end.

C2.

vocabulary book n. a book containing a wordlist intended for learners of a foreign language; = sense 1a; (also) a book in which to write lists of words and their meanings, typically to be committed to memory while learning a foreign language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words

vocabulist?1523

vocabular1530

vocabuler1530

vocabulary1532

nomenclator1585

wordbook1598

verbal1599

lexicon1647

nomenclature1659

vocabula1698

abecedarium1796

vocab1836

vocabulary book1854

1854 R. E. Malone Three Years' Cruise Australasian Colonies ii. 13 All the Maories here could read and understand a vocabulary-book I made a point of carrying ashore with me, till I picked up a little of their language.

1920 Primary Educ. Jan. 12/1 The pupil..will write these newly recalled words in his vocabulary book.

1954 Classical Jrnl. 49 148/1 I wish I knew of a Greek-English vocabulary book with words grouped in families.

2006 J. Carr & A. Pauwels Boys & Foreign Lang. Learning viii. 182 The all-important small vocabulary book in which we wrote our lists of words.

2017 Sun (Nexis) 29 Jan. 7 My sister Nicola would read Nancy Drew mysteries, while I'd study a French, German or English vocabulary book.

vocabulary item n. any item in the vocabulary of a language; a lexical item (see lexical adj. Compounds 1), a word.

ΚΠ

1916 W. Churchill Sissano 160 The numerals in the legend..refer to the vocabulary items in earlier chapters.

1994 M. H. Agar Lang. Shock 33 This is classic raw material for the historical linguist, lists of vocabulary items from universal human domains—kinship, color, and body parts.

2007 A. Heminway French Demystified p. xii In this book you will..find vocabulary items presented both in short lists and in context.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	vocabulary
释义	vocabularyn. Brit. /və(ʊ)ˈkabjᵿləri/, U.S. /voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri/, /vəˈkæbjəˌlɛri/ Forms: 1500s vocabularye, 1500s–1600s vocabularie, 1500s– vocabulary. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vocabularius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin vocabularius, vocabularium wordlist, dictionary (from 1508 in British sources, from 1515 in continental sources), set of words used in a branch of knowledge (a1537) < classical Latin vocābulum vocable n. + -ārius , -ārium -ary suffix¹. Compare vocabuler n. and slightly earlier vocabular n.Compare Middle French, French vocabulaire (1481), Spanish vocabulario (1490), Italian vocabolario (1536 as vocabulario ), all earliest in sense 1a. 1. a. A collection or list of words with brief explanations, definitions, or translations of their meanings, either in the form of a stand-alone list or book, or (now more usually) as part of an elementary grammar or reader (reader n. 6), esp. one intended for learners of a foreign language; a wordlist.Vocabularies are usually arranged either alphabetically or according to subject headings.In later use vocabulary tends to refer to a list of a restricted set of words compiled for a particular purpose, and so is typically distinguished in meaning from dictionary, although in earlier use the two terms were often used interchangeably (see e.g. quot. 1707). Where such a list is given in a linguistic study, subject-specific text, or in a reader for language learners, glossary is a common alternative term. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words vocabulist?1523 vocabular1530 vocabuler1530 vocabulary1532 nomenclator1585 wordbook1598 verbal1599 lexicon1647 nomenclature1659 vocabula1698 abecedarium1796 vocab1836 vocabulary book1854 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere ii. p. cxxxvii Then muste he wyth his translacyon make vs an englysh vocabularye of his owne deuyse. 1537 (title) Sex linguarum... A vocabulary in six languages. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 55 Maister Heskins fareth as hee were halfe madde, sending vs to the Vocabularies, Calepines, and Dictionaries. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. ix. 355 This is the proper signification of the word, [it is] thus used in Scripture by the Septuagint, [and] Greeke vocabularies thus expound it. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 260 A Vocabulary made after this fashion, would, perhaps, with more ease, and in less time, teach the true signification of many Terms. 1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2438 A Latin-Celtick Dictionary: or, a Vocabulary of the Original Languages of Britain and Ireland. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. iv. 76 It is necessary that we should be furnished with Vocabularies and Dictionaries of several Sorts. ?1781 Gentleman's Mag. 51 Suppl. 622/1 He had thrown into his work all the words he could collect from vocabularies of the different dialects of the Celtic. 1867 Times 26 Apr. 6/2 The Dictionnaire Douanier ou Nomenclature Explicative gives a correct version of the Zollverein tariff..with French and German vocabularies of much practical value. 1884 G. G. Bradley Latin Prose Composition 353 The Latin words in this Vocabulary are not necessarily equivalent to the English. 1922 J. R. R. Tolkien (title) A Middle English vocabulary. 1930 Boys' Life Mar. 60/3 Look through your Latin vocabulary to catch up every possible meaning of the words you can't understand in the sentence. 1981 New Scientist 24 Dec. 855/1 As there are 58 such words, it begins to feel as though you're studying a French or German vocabulary for the first 10 minutes. 2004 R. A. Slotten Heretic in Darwin's Court v. 82 He..collected the weapons, implements, and ornaments of the natives..and compiled a vocabulary of the language of one of the tribes. †b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere iv. p. cxlix Yf he agre that the contempte and dyspysynge of goddes lawe maye be called malyce, and a malycyouse castynge of of the yoke of goddes lawe bothe fro loue and drede, as I wene it is expouned in god almyghtys vocabulary. 1637 R. Ashley tr. V. Malvezzi Davide Perseguitato 2 Will you..conceive what it is that God speakes when hee sends a pestilence, when hee sends a famine, when hee sends warre..? Goe runne over these names in the Vocabulary of the Almighty. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §3 Otherwise all the use of words is to be a meer vocabulary to the understanding, and an Index to memory. †c. More generally: a full or extensive listing or enumeration of a number of things; a list. Usually with of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > list > [noun] tableOE scorec1325 billa1340 calendar?a1400 legendc1400 librarya1450 Ragmanc1450 Ragman rollc1450 cataloguea1464 repertory1542 scrowa1545 bedroll?1552 roll1565 file1566 state1582 inventory1589 brief1600 series1601 counter-roll1603 list1604 muster roll1605 cense1615 pinax1625 repertoirec1626 diagram1631 recensiona1638 repertorium1667 vocabulary1694 albe1697 enumeration1725 screed1748 album1753 tableau1792 roll-call1833 shopping list1923 laundry list1958 remainder list1977 1694 J. C. de Lacroze Hist. & Geogr. Descr. France Pref. sig. A5^v A Vocabulary of this Authors Faults would make up a small Volume, and therefore I shall only add an instance or two more. 1806 T. E. Hook Invisible Girl i. 11 If once you begin the vocabulary of my misdemeanours I never shall have courage to attack. 1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 242 He heard a vocabulary of dishes enumerated with grace and fluency [by the French cook]. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xvi. 360 The most complete vocabulary of arms..in the Old Testament is taken from the panoply of a Philistine warrior. 2. a. The body or range of words used in a particular language; = lexicon n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > words collectively vocabulary wordhoardeOE vocabulary1701 wordage1829 word-stock1858 wordlore1904 lexicon1933 lexis1960 vocab1971 1701 W. Pittis True-born Englishman Answer'd 46 He would have shewn he had pick'd out the worst [Word] he could find in the whole English Vocabulary. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Pref. p. vi The Vocabulary of any Language, is representative of the several Notices of the People among whom it obtains. 1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 107 It is no longer a sealed language, its laws, structure, and vocabulary being sufficiently well known. 1882 A. W. Ward Dickens vii. 206 He recognised his responsibility..in keeping the vocabulary of the language pure. 1920 Cassell's New Pop. Educ. I. 72/2 In its early stages English was much more like German than it is now. This is clear..in the vocabulary of the language. 1967 A. J. Toynbee Between Maule & Amazon 123 None of them [sc. Indian languages] have vocabularies that can convey the ideas and describe the apparatus of modern civilization. 2001 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 23 Dec. (Mag.) 9/2 There are other much more interesting and colourful words in the Scottish vocabulary. Like, for example, ‘dobber’. b. The body of words known or habitually used by an individual; the range of language of a particular author, group, book, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > vocabulary of individual or group dictionary1579 vocabulary1710 1710 Medley 16–23 Oct. I have..ras'd necessary means, Revolution, Toleration, Bank, Hanover, &c. out of my Vocabulary, to make room for his Hereditary, Republican, Schismatical, Antimonarchical, Occasional, and so forth. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. v. 232 Let nerves be discarded from the female vocabulary. 1819 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 44 The taste of the instructer..can have little effect on the pupil, till he..has acquired a vocabulary of considerable extent. 1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. 2 An Innocent, in Shakesperian vocabulary, signifies an Idiot. 1892 C. Taylor Witness of Hermas 130 On the principle that vocabulary is an indication of an author's literary sources. 1979 Ebony Sept. 79/1 (advt.) The average adult has a vocabulary of only 30,000 to 60,000 words. 2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 8 Feb. 29/1 ‘The cricket test’, as it came to be called, entered the British political vocabulary. 2011 T. Ronald Becoming Nancy (2012) ii. 28 Why me?.. Was it perhaps because I had a vocabulary of more than fourteen words and I preferred Kate Bush to Thin Lizzy? c. Frequently with of. The range of language used to convey a particular emotion, associated with a particular concept, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > words collectively vocabulary > of a quality or feeling vocabulary1768 1768 A. Portal Indiscreet Lover iv. 62 O, that such a Word should be found in the Vocabulary of Love! 1805 T. G. Fessenden Democracy Unveiled (ed. 2) I. iii. 80 Coining new phrases to enrich the vocabulary of sedition. 1853 Oakmote Hall lv. 453 The homely phrase..is, perhaps, the only one, after all, that we could select, out of all love's vocabulary, to express our full meaning. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 5 The rank vocabulary of malice and hate. 1906 Daily Chron. 19 Feb. 10/1 Pronounced slowly and with the proper emphasis, ‘gongoozler’ merits a very high place in the vocabulary of opprobrium. 1951 F. J. Sheen Three to get Married xi. 113 There are only two words in the vocabulary of love: ‘you’ and ‘always’. 2017 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 22 Jan. 2 With this vocabulary of hate, he has advocated for exclusionary policies that will hurt women, immigrants, [etc.]. d. Used metaphorically in various negative constructions to indicate that a particular concept is foreign to a person's nature, lies outside his or her sphere of experience, etc., as in —— is not in my vocabulary, etc. ΚΠ 1797 Monthly Mag. Mar. 183/1 Finishing is no part of her system, and the word complete is, I believe, not in her vocabulary. 1815 J. Cormack Abol. Fem. Infanticide Guzerat x. 196 The almost infinite labours of an individual, from whose vocabulary the word impossible seems to have been excluded. 1862 Ann. Monitor 1863 (Soc. of Friends) 162 I do not use the word tired, it is not in my vocabulary. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxix. 272 The actor..had erased the words ‘ought’ and ‘ought not’ from his vocabulary as completely as most of his contemporaries. 1921 ‘M. Brand’ Seventh Man ii. 11 Speed was not in her vocabulary, and accordingly it was late afternoon..when Gregg..steered her through Murphy's Pass. 1998 Eng. Bridge Oct. 25/4 Harold explained (not patiently, the word wasn't in his vocabulary) that all I had to do was [etc.]. 2009 Daily Mail (Nexis) 15 July Apology scarcely figures in the politician's vocabulary. e. In extended use: any formally organized collection of signs or symbols having a communicative function analogous to the components of a spoken or written language.In quot. 1881: such signs collectively. ΚΠ 1881 Evening Jrnl. (Fairfield, Iowa) 12 Feb. An important and interesting work is being done by the Bureau of Ethnology in collecting and publishing the vocabulary of the Indian sign language. 1895 Amer. Ann. Deaf Apr. 151 From this time the child's vocabulary of signs grows apace if he be a bright child. 1941 M. W. de Laubenfels Life Sci. viii. 298/1 An ape has a vocabulary of 4 noises. 1960 Bell Lab. Rec. 38 330/2 There are over 100 different types of instructions in the computer's vocabulary. 2007 D. F. Armstrong & S. E. Wilcox Gestural Origin Lang. ii. 25 Apes, and especially chimpanzees, can acquire a substantial vocabulary of signs. 3. Nautical. A system of signals, made using flags, originally devised by Sir Home Popham (1762–1820) for use in communicating between ships at sea. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > signalling > [noun] > system or code of signals vocabulary1803 international code1855 1803 H. Popham (title) Telegraphic signals; or marine vocabulary. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 714 Vocabulary, the system of naval signals based on Sir Home Popham's improvements. 1986 T. Wilson Flags at Sea v. 81/2 To increase its scope..a supplementary ‘vocabulary’ was devised by Captain Sir Home Popham in 1800. 4. The words and phrases in a foreign language taught or used as part of a language-learning course or exercise. ΚΠ 1850 J. von Tautphœus Initials I. xii. 298 What is the use of a sword and uniform, when I must learn vocabulary, and write French exercises? 1941 F. L. Ruch Psychol. & Life (new ed.) xi. 374 In French I have to review, or learn, my grammar..and I have to learn some vocabulary too. 2017 Korea Times (Nexis) 1 Mar. I believe that learning while interacting with others is more efficient than taking notes and memorizing vocabulary. 5. figurative. A set of artistic or stylistic forms, techniques, movements, etc.; the range of such forms, etc., available to a particular artist, performer, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > for expression of vocabulary1860 1860 A. Phelps et al. Hymns & Choirs iii. 374 It was not strange, that practised singers should desire a richer and more copious musical vocabulary in which to express their public praises. 1879 Manch. Weekly Times 27 Dec. Suppl. 423/1 He contends..that people of humble position and scanty education in the present have a very limited vocabulary of colours. 1917 G. B. Shaw in Nation 28 July 429/1 As far as mere grammar and vocabulary go, there is nothing more in the statue scene from Don Juan..than in the exquisite little song of Cherubino. 1949 Ballet Ann. 3 109/2 Repetitions, lengthy passages, obscure symbols and movements..which ever aim not only at enriching the classic vocabulary..but at uplifting the mind. 1960 Economist 22 Oct. 369/2 No country is likely to be able to rely purely on its own ‘vocabulary’ of styling; but British manufacturers..might be glad to escape the dependence on Italian and Swiss fashion leadership in car bodies. 1977 New Yorker 25 July 62/2 Together the two enlarged the vocabulary of lawn tennis and laid the foundation for the all-court game. 2000 Victorian July 5 Its unbroken roof lines, sheer wall surfaces, and flush tracery anticipate the vocabulary of High Victorian gothic. 2017 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 26 Feb. His link to the struggle movement as a student activist generating protest posters..informs his artistic vocabulary. Compounds C1. General attributive, as vocabulary lesson, vocabulary test, etc. ΚΠ 1870 Sat. Rev. 29 Jan. 174/1 (advt.) The Seven Kings of Rome: an easy narrative, abridged from the first book of Livy... Vocabulary exercises, 2s. 6d. 1942 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 55 608 5 verbal and 5 performance-tests, with vocabulary-test as alternate. 1952 College Eng. 13 458 The open-book vocabulary test, preceded by proper preparation, produces better learning..than traditional methods of vocabulary drill. 1991 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 29 174 The primary task in vocabulary acquisition is seen as one involving a continuous refining of meaning. 2017 New Yorker (Nexis) 6 Feb. 17 McLeod began with a vocabulary lesson. ‘Wood “chopping” is not this,’ he said, swinging the axe overhead and then down at a log propped up on its end. C2. vocabulary book n. a book containing a wordlist intended for learners of a foreign language; = sense 1a; (also) a book in which to write lists of words and their meanings, typically to be committed to memory while learning a foreign language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words vocabulist?1523 vocabular1530 vocabuler1530 vocabulary1532 nomenclator1585 wordbook1598 verbal1599 lexicon1647 nomenclature1659 vocabula1698 abecedarium1796 vocab1836 vocabulary book1854 1854 R. E. Malone Three Years' Cruise Australasian Colonies ii. 13 All the Maories here could read and understand a vocabulary-book I made a point of carrying ashore with me, till I picked up a little of their language. 1920 Primary Educ. Jan. 12/1 The pupil..will write these newly recalled words in his vocabulary book. 1954 Classical Jrnl. 49 148/1 I wish I knew of a Greek-English vocabulary book with words grouped in families. 2006 J. Carr & A. Pauwels Boys & Foreign Lang. Learning viii. 182 The all-important small vocabulary book in which we wrote our lists of words. 2017 Sun (Nexis) 29 Jan. 7 My sister Nicola would read Nancy Drew mysteries, while I'd study a French, German or English vocabulary book. vocabulary item n. any item in the vocabulary of a language; a lexical item (see lexical adj. Compounds 1), a word. ΚΠ 1916 W. Churchill Sissano 160 The numerals in the legend..refer to the vocabulary items in earlier chapters. 1994 M. H. Agar Lang. Shock 33 This is classic raw material for the historical linguist, lists of vocabulary items from universal human domains—kinship, color, and body parts. 2007 A. Heminway French Demystified p. xii In this book you will..find vocabulary items presented both in short lists and in context. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). vocabularyadj. Brit. /və(ʊ)ˈkabjᵿləri/, U.S. /voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri/, /vəˈkæbjəˌlɛri/ Forms: 1600s vocabularie, 1900s– vocabulary. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vocabularius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin vocabularius of or relating to words (a1563 in a British source) < classical Latin vocābulum vocable n. + -ārius -ary suffix¹. Compare slightly earlier vocabular adj. and earlier vocabulary n. rare. Of, relating to, consisting of, or concerned with words or vocabulary; = vocabular adj.In later use more likely to be understood as an attributive use of vocabulary n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [adjective] > relating to words vocabular1608 verbatical1612 vocabulary1616 verbarian1830 lexical1836 lexicalic1860 lexic1900 morpholexical1939 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Vocabularie, of or belonging to words, which consisteth onely of words. 1903 Daily Chron. 21 Apr. 6/3 The vocabulary code compiled by the International Bureau of Telegraphic Administrations. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 May 2/1 Treating it as a vocabulary quarrel to which it would be childish to attach any importance. 1972 Hubbard (Ohio) News 19 July 11/7 Your mechanical and vocabulary aptitudes will be finely tuned at the school to meet your new challenge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1532adj.1616
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vocabularyn.

Compounds

vocabularyadj.