| 释义 |
acolyten. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French Etymons: Latin acoluthus; French acolyte. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin acoluthus (see below); subsequently reinforced (compare β. forms) by Anglo-Norman acolit, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French acolite, Middle French acoluthe, Middle French, French acolyte person who attends a priest, member of one of the four Minor Orders of the Roman Catholic Church (a1180), an animal or plant which appears subservient to another (1850 in the title of a work by P. J. van Benenden (compare quot. 1874 at sense 4), apparently originally with reference to tapeworms) < post-classical Latin acoluthus person who attends a priest (3rd cent.; also acolitus , acolithus , acolythus , acholitus ) < ancient Greek ἀκόλουθος following, attending upon, (noun) attendant, in Hellenistic Greek also person who attends a priest < ἀ- , probably representing ἁ- , copulative prefix, with loss of aspiration by dissimilation before -θ- + κέλευθος road, path (perhaps < κελεύειν to order (see celeusma n.) + -θος, suffix forming nouns), with -ο- vocalism in a compound. Compare Old Occitan acolit (c1420), Catalan acòlit (13th cent.), Spanish acólito (end of the 12th cent. in a Mozarab source), Portuguese acólito (1508), Italian accolito (mid 14th cent.).The etymology of ancient Greek ἀκόλουθος was already recognized by Plato ( Cratylus 405 d). In Old English used with Latin case inflections (compare quot. OE2 at sense 1α. ). I. An attendant person. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > person in minor orders > acolyte > [noun] α. OE Ælfric 1st Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr. 190) in B. Fehr (1914) 108 Acolitus is seþe tapor byrð æt Godes þenungum. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) lxxxiii. 335 Ne sceal nan accolitus, þæt is husolþen, forsecgan nanne subdiacon, ne nan exorcista..forsecgan nanne accolitum. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 97 He ordeynede degrees of ordres in holy chirche: hostiarius, lector, exorcista, and acolitus. 1567 J. Jewel ii. iii. §1. 98 For neither doothe the Ostiarius keepe out the Excommunicates: Nor doothe the Acoluthus waite vpon the Bishop: Nor doothe the Exorciste cast foorthe Diuels. 1616 P. Simson III. ix. 225 Hee practised the office of Acoluthus. 1673 W. Cave i. viii. 208 Of inferiour orders. The Subdeacon. The Acolythus. The Exorcist. The Reader. The Door-keeper. 1753 Suppl. Candle-lighter, an officer in the antient church, called also accensor and acolythus. 1798 R. Hawes & R. Loder 211 John Elingham, acolythus and subdeacon 1376. 1836 I. 23/1 In the Roman church, the consecration of an acolythus is the highest of the lower kind of ordination. 1860 A. Edersheim tr. J. H. Kurtz I. 113 The Acolythi accompanied the bishop to wait on him. 1971 46 432 Persons portrayed in clerical garb in early mediaeval manuscripts..are..sometimes..dressed..as lower clerics—subdiaconi, acolythi, and below. society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > disciple the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > adherent the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person 1623 T. Jackson 48 Let us all be Acolytes;..by Acolytes, I meane..let us follow Christ his doctrine, and morall conversation. 1688 T. Brown 16 I would..put the Theater under an Interdict,..even the Sub-Deacons and Acolyths of the Stage. 1796 H. M. Williams IV. 7 His [sc. Robespierre's] acolyte Lebon, who had desolated the departments of the North. 1802 J. J. Chapman 17 And he—an acolyte of the profession [of philosophy]. 1829 W. Scott vii. 213 Nor are such acolytes found to evade justice with less dexterity than the more advanced rogues. 1864 C. Dickens (1865) I. ii. i. 162 It was the function of the acolyte to dart at sleeping infants. 1917 ‘I. Hay’ viii. 212 A humorous sergeant, followed by acolytes bearing bombs. 1988 M. Bradbury 94 It was Auden's modish way to sit in his darkened set..conducting classes in advanced literary criticism with a group of acolytes. 2001 Mar.–Apr. 44/1 Women like Ms. O'Meally-Nelson and her adoring acolyte, Ms. Moses have confused, I believe, real strength with mere snottiness. II. Extended uses. the world > the universe > star > kind of star > by position > [noun] > companion 1844 W. H. Smyth II. 155 Certain small acolyte stars shine by reflected light. 1863 J. R. Hind (ed. 3) 170 The companion or lesser component of a double star; sometimes termed an Acolyte. the world > animals > by habits or actions > [noun] > attendant the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined as social insect or association of > worker 1874 tr. P. J. van Beneden in 8 525 Should an animal kindly render a service to his neighbor,..it is no more a parasite than..he who contents himself with the fragments that fall from the jaws of his acolyte. 1876 P. J. Van Beneden 4 Species at the mercy of others, and dependent on acolytes , which are in every respect inferior to themselves. 1979 34 4 The pistillate flower is accompanied by a sterile ‘acolyte’ staminate flower. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.OE |
