watchingn.

/ˈwɒtʃɪŋ/

Etymology: -ing suffix¹.

a. The action of watch v. in various senses. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > [noun]

watchc888

watching1479

vigilation1598

outlook1815

vigil1816

vigil-keeping1897

watch-keeping1946

1479–81 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 99 Item, payd to the Clerke and paris for mete and drynke, for wecchynge of the Sepulcre [etc.] xxiij d.

c1480 (a1400) St. Mark 131 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 243 The bischapis..gret wechyne mad besyly, to tak sancte marke, for invy.

?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Bij^v His hede was heuy for watchynge ouer nyghte.

1530 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 136 For the wetching and keping of this gude tovne baitht be nicht and day.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 78 For sleeping England long time haue I watcht, Watching breedes leanenesse.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 169 The Marques wondering at the watching of his lodging.

1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 412 Tired indeede as he was with griefe & watching.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough v. i Of all modes of suspense, the watching for a loitering mistress is the worst.

1830 Act 11 Geo. IV c. 27 §1 To make Provision for the lighting and watching of the several Parishes in England and Wales.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 444 The king had been exhausted by long watching and by many violent emotions. He now retired to rest.

1903 Mrs. De la Pasture Cornelius xvi. 183 She is very far from strong, and requires a deal of watching over.

1911 H. Wace Prophecy Jewish & Christian ix. 172 He taught His disciples and ourselves to live in a constant state of watching for the complete and final revelation of that kingdom.

b. An act or instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > an act or instance of

watchingc1400

c1400 Sc. Trojan War (Horstm.) ii. 614 Gregeois, yharnande with mayne & mude The wachingis [v.r. vachingis] for to execude Of þare fraudfull gyle but delay.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. SSSii^v This honour, that the christen people rendreth to their lorde..is compared to a custody or watchyng.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. v. xxiii. 225 The romanis in þe capitoll war sowpit & oursett with continuall statiouns & watchingis.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 348 Leonato My lord, I am for you, though it cost me ten nights watchings .

a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant i. ii, in Comedies (1651) sig. a4 Hard watchings and rough Guards Fill and make up the field.

1669 E. Stillingfleet Serm. (1673) ix. 167 Their frequent watchings, fastings, hunger and thirst.

1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. v. 405 It was celebrated..with solemn Watchings.

1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. X5^v These Vigiliæ or Watchings are performed at determined hours of the day, when plants open, expand, and shut their flowers daily.

1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 194 Hours were past by the tender, agitated Emily, in anxious watchings.

1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 80 They had to wait for the successive ‘watching’ of each buoy, as its first appearance on the surface is technically termed.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) ii. vi. 212 It is the dead man's kindred and next friends who thus deprecate his fury with nocturnal watchings.

c. Scottish. watching and warding: see watch v. 6b, 10.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > as a watchman or sentinel

wardOE

day watchOE

watch1377

watch and ward1390

wakingc1440

scout-watch1464

watching and warding1579

sentinel1585

day ward1597

romboyle1612

escouta1627

sentry1639

watchment1740

wardage1878

sentry-go1880

sentry-going1901

1579 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. III. 217 Subject to all taxationis, wacheing, warding, and utheris impositionis liand upoun the said burgh.

1600 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 378/1 Quod omnes in dicto burgo manentes..auxilia ferrent cum burgensibus ad lie watching, wairding, [etc.].

1711 E. Ward Vulgus Britannicus (ed. 3) iii. 95 For Watching, Warding, and Trainbanding, Tho' Customs of an ancient standing.

1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iv. §8 This service of watching and warding..is due by the burgesses within the..territory of the borough.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 106 The citizens [of Edinburgh] performed a species of personal service for defence of the town, called watching and warding.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 117 The reddendo (now merely nominal) of watching and warding.

2. The state or condition of being awake, wakefulness; often, wakefulness from disinclination or incapacity for sleep; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun]

watchc1000

wakea1250

watching?1550

wakeness1585

vigilation1598

wakerifeness1606

wakefulness1626

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. C.viii Agaynst to much watchynges... The Sygnes. That he can not slepe after his accustomyd fashyon.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 250 Yea and after a man hath recouered his health, yet is he neuerthelesse disquieted by much watching for a long time after.

1669 E. Maynwaring Vita Sana & Longa viii. 90 The Life of Man..spends its whole course in these two different states, Sleep and Watching: the one appointed for Rest and Ease, the other for Action and Labour.

1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. ii. 8 The Bullet not having been drawn out,..occasioned great pain with Inflammation, great heat and watchings.

1784 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children 36 (heading) Watching, or want of sleep.

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Pervigilium, term for disinclination to sleep; watching.

†3. = watch n. 1b. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Luscinia > luscinia megarhynchos (nightingale) > flock of

watch of nightingalesc1452

watching1688

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xii. 311/1 A Watching of Nightingales.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

watching-hole n.

ΚΠ

1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xiv. 306 I accordingly ordered the usual watching-hole to be constructed.

watching-place n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > post or place of

stand1392

guardc1500

vigil1533

watching-place1847

watch room1850

watch-post1852

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiii. 108 Sambo..saw the little girl..jump up from her watching-place in the window.

C2.

watching brief n. a brief instructing counsel to ‘watch’ a case; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > [noun] > instructions or briefs

instructions1529

breviate1594

brief1631

memorial1729

soup1856

watching brief1886

docker1889

dock brief1909

amicus curiae brief1919

1886 Daily News 17 July 2/1 ‘Watching’ briefs are held by the Attorney General..and Sir H. James, Q.C. for Sir Charles Dilke.

1905 H. G. Wells Kipps iii. i. §4 Ann held a watching brief for herself.

watching candle n. a candle used at the ‘watching’ of a shrine or of a corpse; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > for keeping watch

watching candle1526

watch-candle1601

1526 Will of T. Stow in Beauties of Eng. & W. X. iii. 261 Item to have on every aultar a wacchyng candle burning from vi of the clocke tyll it be past seven.

1592 R. Greene Vision sig. D4 The Mother and the daughter sette vppe a watching Candle, and sat verie mannerly by a good fier, looking when [he] should wake.

1634 Noble Souldier iv. ii Beauty was turn'd into a watching Candle that went out stinking.

† watching-chamber n. Obsolete (a) ? a guardroom adjoining a royal apartment; (b) a room adjoining a shrine, to be occupied by a watcher.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of use > [noun] > others

speech-housec1050

watching-chamber1533

music room1608

service room1669

amphitheatre1694

lararium1706

well-room1731

lumber room1740

water room1774

bird room1776

grubbery1791

bookery1798

study1808

service room1833

selamlik1838

serving room1838

social space1851

mail room1856

rumpus room1930

birthing room1936

home office1960

romper room1961

dungeon1969

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > other parts > [noun] > room adjoining shrine for a watcher

watching-chamber1856

1533 in W. H. St. J. Hope Windsor Castle (1913) I. 253 [A] Galary betwene the Kynges halle and hys watching chambre.

1533 in W. H. St. J. Hope Windsor Castle (1913) I. 255 The Quenes watchyng chambre.

1856 Builder 14 June 325/3 The Watching Chamber on the north side of the Saint's Chapel [St. Albans], wherein a monk was posted as a guard of honour to the shrine.

1862 R. J. King Eastern Cathedr. 22 (Oxford) The watching chamber which, here as elsewhere, adjoined the shrine for the protection of the gold and jewels which enriched it.

† watching lamp n. Obsolete cf. watching candle n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp > used for a specific purpose or occasion

watching lamp1597

midge1883

1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus i. i. 77 If they have lived by a watchinge lampe, Prysinge each minute of a flyinge houre.

watching-rate n. = watch rate n. at watch n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > local or municipal taxes or dues > [noun] > rates > for watchmen

watch1430

watch and ward1546

watch1566

watch rate1835

watching-rate1836

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 35 Watching rates, lighting rates, paving rates.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	watching
释义	watchingn. /ˈwɒtʃɪŋ/ Etymology: -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The action of watch v. in various senses. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > [noun] watchc888 watching1479 vigilation1598 outlook1815 vigil1816 vigil-keeping1897 watch-keeping1946 1479–81 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 99 Item, payd to the Clerke and paris for mete and drynke, for wecchynge of the Sepulcre [etc.] xxiij d. c1480 (a1400) St. Mark 131 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 243 The bischapis..gret wechyne mad besyly, to tak sancte marke, for invy. ?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Bij^v His hede was heuy for watchynge ouer nyghte. 1530 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 136 For the wetching and keping of this gude tovne baitht be nicht and day. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 78 For sleeping England long time haue I watcht, Watching breedes leanenesse. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 169 The Marques wondering at the watching of his lodging. 1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 412 Tired indeede as he was with griefe & watching. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough v. i Of all modes of suspense, the watching for a loitering mistress is the worst. 1830 Act 11 Geo. IV c. 27 §1 To make Provision for the lighting and watching of the several Parishes in England and Wales. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 444 The king had been exhausted by long watching and by many violent emotions. He now retired to rest. 1903 Mrs. De la Pasture Cornelius xvi. 183 She is very far from strong, and requires a deal of watching over. 1911 H. Wace Prophecy Jewish & Christian ix. 172 He taught His disciples and ourselves to live in a constant state of watching for the complete and final revelation of that kingdom. b. An act or instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > an act or instance of watchingc1400 c1400 Sc. Trojan War (Horstm.) ii. 614 Gregeois, yharnande with mayne & mude The wachingis [v.r. vachingis] for to execude Of þare fraudfull gyle but delay. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. SSSii^v This honour, that the christen people rendreth to their lorde..is compared to a custody or watchyng. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. v. xxiii. 225 The romanis in þe capitoll war sowpit & oursett with continuall statiouns & watchingis. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 348 Leonato My lord, I am for you, though it cost me ten nights watchings . View more context for this quotation a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant i. ii, in Comedies (1651) sig. a4 Hard watchings and rough Guards Fill and make up the field. 1669 E. Stillingfleet Serm. (1673) ix. 167 Their frequent watchings, fastings, hunger and thirst. 1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. v. 405 It was celebrated..with solemn Watchings. 1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. X5^v These Vigiliæ or Watchings are performed at determined hours of the day, when plants open, expand, and shut their flowers daily. 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 194 Hours were past by the tender, agitated Emily, in anxious watchings. 1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 80 They had to wait for the successive ‘watching’ of each buoy, as its first appearance on the surface is technically termed. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) ii. vi. 212 It is the dead man's kindred and next friends who thus deprecate his fury with nocturnal watchings. c. Scottish. watching and warding: see watch v. 6b, 10. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > as a watchman or sentinel wardOE day watchOE watch1377 watch and ward1390 wakingc1440 scout-watch1464 watching and warding1579 sentinel1585 day ward1597 romboyle1612 escouta1627 sentry1639 watchment1740 wardage1878 sentry-go1880 sentry-going1901 1579 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. III. 217 Subject to all taxationis, wacheing, warding, and utheris impositionis liand upoun the said burgh. 1600 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 378/1 Quod omnes in dicto burgo manentes..auxilia ferrent cum burgensibus ad lie watching, wairding, [etc.]. 1711 E. Ward Vulgus Britannicus (ed. 3) iii. 95 For Watching, Warding, and Trainbanding, Tho' Customs of an ancient standing. 1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iv. §8 This service of watching and warding..is due by the burgesses within the..territory of the borough. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 106 The citizens [of Edinburgh] performed a species of personal service for defence of the town, called watching and warding. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 117 The reddendo (now merely nominal) of watching and warding. 2. The state or condition of being awake, wakefulness; often, wakefulness from disinclination or incapacity for sleep; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] watchc1000 wakea1250 watching?1550 wakeness1585 vigilation1598 wakerifeness1606 wakefulness1626 ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. C.viii Agaynst to much watchynges... The Sygnes. That he can not slepe after his accustomyd fashyon. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 250 Yea and after a man hath recouered his health, yet is he neuerthelesse disquieted by much watching for a long time after. 1669 E. Maynwaring Vita Sana & Longa viii. 90 The Life of Man..spends its whole course in these two different states, Sleep and Watching: the one appointed for Rest and Ease, the other for Action and Labour. 1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. ii. 8 The Bullet not having been drawn out,..occasioned great pain with Inflammation, great heat and watchings. 1784 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children 36 (heading) Watching, or want of sleep. 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Pervigilium, term for disinclination to sleep; watching. †3. = watch n. 1b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Luscinia > luscinia megarhynchos (nightingale) > flock of watch of nightingalesc1452 watching1688 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xii. 311/1 A Watching of Nightingales. Compounds C1. General attributive. watching-hole n. ΚΠ 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xiv. 306 I accordingly ordered the usual watching-hole to be constructed. watching-place n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > post or place of stand1392 guardc1500 vigil1533 watching-place1847 watch room1850 watch-post1852 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiii. 108 Sambo..saw the little girl..jump up from her watching-place in the window. C2. watching brief n. a brief instructing counsel to ‘watch’ a case; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > [noun] > instructions or briefs instructions1529 breviate1594 brief1631 memorial1729 soup1856 watching brief1886 docker1889 dock brief1909 amicus curiae brief1919 1886 Daily News 17 July 2/1 ‘Watching’ briefs are held by the Attorney General..and Sir H. James, Q.C. for Sir Charles Dilke. 1905 H. G. Wells Kipps iii. i. §4 Ann held a watching brief for herself. watching candle n. a candle used at the ‘watching’ of a shrine or of a corpse; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > for keeping watch watching candle1526 watch-candle1601 1526 Will of T. Stow in Beauties of Eng. & W. X. iii. 261 Item to have on every aultar a wacchyng candle burning from vi of the clocke tyll it be past seven. 1592 R. Greene Vision sig. D4 The Mother and the daughter sette vppe a watching Candle, and sat verie mannerly by a good fier, looking when [he] should wake. 1634 Noble Souldier iv. ii Beauty was turn'd into a watching Candle that went out stinking. † watching-chamber n. Obsolete (a) ? a guardroom adjoining a royal apartment; (b) a room adjoining a shrine, to be occupied by a watcher. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of use > [noun] > others speech-housec1050 watching-chamber1533 music room1608 service room1669 amphitheatre1694 lararium1706 well-room1731 lumber room1740 water room1774 bird room1776 grubbery1791 bookery1798 study1808 service room1833 selamlik1838 serving room1838 social space1851 mail room1856 rumpus room1930 birthing room1936 home office1960 romper room1961 dungeon1969 society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > other parts > [noun] > room adjoining shrine for a watcher watching-chamber1856 1533 in W. H. St. J. Hope Windsor Castle (1913) I. 253 [A] Galary betwene the Kynges halle and hys watching chambre. 1533 in W. H. St. J. Hope Windsor Castle (1913) I. 255 The Quenes watchyng chambre. 1856 Builder 14 June 325/3 The Watching Chamber on the north side of the Saint's Chapel [St. Albans], wherein a monk was posted as a guard of honour to the shrine. 1862 R. J. King Eastern Cathedr. 22 (Oxford) The watching chamber which, here as elsewhere, adjoined the shrine for the protection of the gold and jewels which enriched it. † watching lamp n. Obsolete cf. watching candle n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp > used for a specific purpose or occasion watching lamp1597 midge1883 1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus i. i. 77 If they have lived by a watchinge lampe, Prysinge each minute of a flyinge houre. watching-rate n. = watch rate n. at watch n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > local or municipal taxes or dues > [noun] > rates > for watchmen watch1430 watch and ward1546 watch1566 watch rate1835 watching-rate1836 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 35 Watching rates, lighting rates, paving rates. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2021). watchingadj. /ˈwɒtʃɪŋ/ Etymology: -ing suffix². That watches; observant, vigilant, unsleeping. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [adjective] wakerc1000 watchingOE wakingc1175 wakerlyc1400 circumspect1430 vigilant?a1500 prick-eared?1550 invigilant1570 vigil?1576 wakeful1589 eyeful1594 open-eyed1601 argus-eyed1603 watchful1603 alert1618 awake1619 vigilant1655 guardful1749 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > looking at or beholding > relating to viewing1563 spectating1709 watching1902 OE Beowulf 1268 Se æt Heorote fand wæccendne wer wiges bidan. c1000 Laws Eccl. Inst. in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 400 Þæt ge mid wæccendre gymen gehycgen. a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xvii. ix Up, Lord..And bring to naught those watching pawes. 1674 R. Fleming Faithfulness of God vi. 219 A watching Providence over the Church. 1728 A. Ramsay Falling of Slate v But watching sylphs flew round, To guard dear Madie from all skaith. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlvii. 468 He..kept his watching eyes that way. 1902 Daily Chron. 24 July 5/2 Hence the interesting spectacle of a class rivalry has not been presented to a watching nation. Derivatives ˈwatchingly adv. rare Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [adverb] vigilantly1531 watchfully1538 watchingly1552 wakefullya1586 guardfully?1611 unwinkingly1849 a-watch1856 alertly1865 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Watchyngelye, uigilanter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1400adj.OE
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watchingn.

Compounds

watchingadj.

Derivatives