conjecturen.

Brit.

/kənˈdʒɛktjʊə/,

/kənˈdʒɛktʃə/, U.S.

/kənˈdʒɛk(t)ʃər/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s -our(e.

Etymology: < French conjecture, or its original Latin conjectūra , a throwing or casting together, a conclusion derived from comparison of facts, an inference, conclusion, guess, etc., < conject- participial stem of conjicĕre , conicĕre to throw together: see -ure suffix¹.

†1. The interpretation of signs or omens; interpretation of dreams; divining; a conclusion as to coming events drawn from signs or omens; a forecast, a prognostication. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun]

whatec1000

conjecturec1384

conjecturingc1384

augurya1413

augurationc1450

augurism1584

halsening1587

auguring1614

augurizing1652

conjectation1652

teratoscopy1665

prognostication1688

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > interpretation of dreams > [noun]

songuary1383

conjecturec1384

sompnary?a1450

oneirocriticism1614

oneirocritics1614

oneiromancy1650

oneirocracy1653

oneirocritic1744

oneirology1818

reading1865

oneirocrisy1976

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ii. 6 Ȝif ȝe shuln telle the sweuen, and coniecture therof [a1425 L.V. the expownyng therof; L. coniecturam ejus].

c1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergile De Invent. i. xix. 34 b A certaine prophet commaunded euery man to stande stil til he had taken a coniecture of the birde that flowe by.

1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. 230 (margin) To give conjectures of mens conditions and fortune by their countenaunces.

1586 Hill's Profitable Arte Gardening (new ed.) (title page) The yerely coniectures meete for Husbandmen.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 333 Out they went together to make conjecture of the thiefe by Augury.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 123 To cast Ominous conjecture on the whole success.

1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. ii. xiii. 281 The Signs by which they made Conjectures.

†2. Conclusion as to facts drawn from appearances or indications. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > conclusion

culorum1362

conclusionc1385

conjecturec1386

issuea1393

deduction1532

overplus1536

gatheringa1555

deducement1605

summation1608

therefore1641

offcome1655

deductivea1676

empiricism1724

wrap-up1960

inference1972

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 349 By conjecture Hem thought sche was another creature.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 346 It is sothe, thoughe men by conjecture Of resoun..it ne kan determyne.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvii. sig. f.iiii^v More lyke an angell by all coniecture Than a fragyll mayde.

†3. The supposing or putting of an imaginary case; supposition. (Cf. conject v. 1c) Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > [noun]

weeningc900

wenc1000

susposea1325

deeming1340

supposala1425

conjecturec1460

supposing1530

supposition1565

suppose1582

surmise1593

surmisal1641

putation1649

expectation1793

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) ix. 128 We nede in this case to vse coniecture and ymaginacion, as to thynk that þer is no lordis livelod in Englond sufficient, etc.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. 0. 1 Now entertaine coniecture of a time, When creeping Murmure..Fills..the Vniuerse.

a. The formation or offering of an opinion on grounds insufficient to furnish proof; the action or habit of guessing or surmising; conclusion as to what is likely or probable. In textual criticism, the proposal of a reading not actually found in the traditional text. † Formerly sometimes in a bad sense: Suspicion, evil surmise.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun]

ettlingc1225

guessc1330

guessing1340

conjecting1382

cast1519

surmising1526

conjecturation1533

conjecture1535

foreguessing1548

speculation1575

estimation1598

conjecturing1643

guesswork1725

guesstimation1937

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > without evidence

suspicionc1290

conjecture1535

misprision1657

society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > textual criticism, reading not found in text

conjecture1765

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > conjectural reading

conjecture1765

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 25 Tindale accuseth..me of coniecture and temerariouse iugement.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 14 Out of these things thus alledged, I might (as mee thinketh) draw probable coniecture.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 106 And on my eie-liddes shall Coniecture hang, To turne all beautie into thoughts of harme.

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 1 Speake you this by conjecture..or by due experience of your owne?

1665 R. Boyle Disc. iii. ii, in Occas. Refl. sig. C8^v But this is only Conjecture; and whether it be true or no, [etc.].

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. i. 4 The region of pure fable and conjecture.

1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. lxi Of these [passages] the restoration is only to be attempted by collation of copies or sagacity of conjecture.

1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 105 Always ready to have recourse to conjecture and guess-work.

1865 J. Conington Wks. Virgil I. Pref. to ed. 2 The more important MSS...supply each other's defects..The need of critical conjecture is almost wholly removed.

1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. II. vii. 277 It is probable that this report..rests largely on conjecture.

b. Absorption of mind in conjecturing; puzzlement.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [noun]

mingingOE

riddleOE

cumbermentc1300

willa1325

encumbrancec1330

were1338

perplexitya1393

discomfiturea1425

cumbrancec1460

confuse1483

proplexity1487

perplexion?c1500

amazedness?1520

amazement1553

subversion1558

amaze?1560

perplexednessa1586

confusedness1587

puzzle1599

confusion1600

mizmaze1604

discomfita1616

embarras1627

obfuscation1628

mystery1629

confoundedness1641

puzzledness1662

confuseness1710

puzzlement1731

puzzledom1748

embarrassment1751

puzzleation1767

bepuzzlement1806

conjecture1815

mystification1817

bewilderment1819

perplexment1826

fuddle1827

wilderment1830

discomforture1832

head-scratching1832

baffle1843

posement1850

muddlement1857

turbidity1868

fogging1878

bemuddlement1884

harl1889

befuddlement1905

turbidness1906

wuzziness1942

perplexability1999

1815 M. Pilkington Celebrity I. 199 Her inquietude became less violent, though her conjecture was increased.

1815 M. Pilkington Celebrity II. 233 He was so completely lost in conjecture.

a. (with a and plural) An opinion offered on insufficient presumptive evidence; an unverified supposition put forth to account for something. In textual criticism, a proposed emendation of a text.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] > a conjecture, guess

guessc1330

aimc1450

conjecturea1527

guessing1535

foreguessing1548

fact1566

conjectural1579

surmise1593

speculation1796

shot1840

guesstimate1936

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > emendation of text > proposed emendation

conjecture1765

a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. D^v By all coniectures of reason.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 17 This ys a mere coniecture, and of no valydytye.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 289 Dreams, Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm.

1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. liii Perverse interpretations, and..improbable conjectures.

1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 196 Men have so long mistaken their conjectures concerning facts, for facts themselves.

1863 J. Conington Wks. Virgil II. Pref. In several places he [Ribbeck] has introduced emendations into the text, generally conjectures of his own.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 213 In spite of a thousand conjectures, we know little of the life of our first great poet.

†b. An evil surmise or suspicion. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > without evidence > instance of

conjecturea1513

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvi. sig. e.vii^v Ioseph..There was inprysoned, by a false coniectour.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. D1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) To satisfie you, and..to expell those easelesse [sic] coniectures of him.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 15 Shee may strew Dangerous coniectures in ill breeding mindes.

1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 110 You would be ruined by the Malice of his Conjectures.

†6. A ground or reason for conclusion (not amounting to demonstration). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony

witnessc950

proof?c1225

witnessingc1330

evidencea1387

probacyc1460

probation?a1475

testimonial?a1475

testimony?a1475

testimonage1483

testamentc1485

conjecture1526

fact?1531

trial1532

teste1567

suffragy1571

attest1609

probate1610

testa1616

testate1619

discovery1622

constat1623

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. fiii^v [They] may haue a great coniecture of grace.

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xvii. f. cxvi I..had & yet haue very good coniectures to put litle dowt therin.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. vii. f. 33 Whiche thynge..they suspected by a thousand coniectures.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 8 Whether the ancient Germans..held any such fear..we have no Authentick conjecture.

†7. A device, contrivance; esp. for an evil purpose; a plot, conspiracy. Obsolete. (Cf. conject v. 3.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot

devicec1290

wanlace1303

conjecturea1464

machinationa1475

practice1533

draught1535

plot?c1550

plat1584

design1590

contrivement1608

intrigo1648

complotment1660

underplot1668

contrivance1689

intrigue1692

scheme1719

infanglement1753

fix-up1832

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient

costOE

craftOE

custc1275

ginc1275

devicec1290

enginec1300

quaintisec1300

contrevurec1330

castc1340

knackc1369

findinga1382

wilea1400

conject14..

skiftc1400

policy?1406

subtilityc1410

policec1450

conjecturea1464

industry1477

invention1516

cunning1526

shift1530

compass1540

chevisance1548

trade1550

tour1558

fashion1562

invent?1567

expediment1571

trick1573

ingeny1588

machine1595

lock1598

contrival1602

contrivement1611

artifice1620

recipea1643

ingenuity1651

expedient1653

contrivance1661

excogitation1664

mechanism1669

expediency1683

stroke1699

spell1728

management1736

manoeuvre1769

move1794

wrinkle1817

dodge1842

jigamaree1847

quiff1881

kink1889

lurk1916

gadget1920

fastie1931

ploy1940

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 192 Þe kyng taried..in Walis tyl, as he supposed, þe lordes conjecture was sesed.

c1475 Partenay Prol. 100 Which..Ful wel lernid were in knightly coniectures.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxii. f. li Fredegunde entendyng to make a douorce atwene Chilperich, and his wyfe by hir subtile, & false coniectour.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

conjecturev.

/kənˈdʒɛktjʊə/

Etymology: < French conjecture-r (13th cent. in Littré), < conjecture. Cognate forms appear in the other Romanic languages, Italian congetturare, Spanish conjeturar, medieval Latin conjecturāre.

†1. transitive and intransitive. To infer or gather from signs or omens; to divine, prognosticate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (transitive)]

conjecturec1384

conject1496

augurate1571

augur1593

augurize1596

ominate1599

portend1605

ariolate1652

tell1891

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (intransitive)]

conject1496

halsen1587

preominate1594

augurize1596

augur1599

signa1616

ominate1637

augurate1642

conjecture1652

auspicate1848

c1384 [see conjecturing n. and adj. at Derivatives].

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) viii. 29 By þe chaungeyng of þe coloures men..knawes and coniectures wheder it schall be derthe of corne.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft vii. xi. 145 Coniecture vnto me by thy familiar spirit.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 311 Melampus the Augur conjectured at the slaughter of the Greeks, by the flight of little birds.

†2. transitive. To conclude, infer, or judge, from appearances or probabilities. (With object or clause.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > conjecture, guess [verb (transitive)] > form approximate judgement

guessc1330

conjecturea1513

guesstimate1942

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxvi. f. cx Whiche thynge thus by the kynge desyred, the Lordes anone coniectured in their myndes that he desyred the kepynge of theyr yonge lorde, to y^e ende that he myght the more easyerly optayne the possession of that Dukedome.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. vi. f. 30^v They coniectured that these thynges portended sum great matter.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 346 Occupying his pen (as by the course of his wordes, is to be conjectured) so unnecessarily.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. ii. xv. 203 The furie of the rebels may be coniectured by this, that they pluckt downe house-tops.

3. To form an opinion or supposition as to facts on grounds admittedly insufficient; to guess, surmise; to propose as a conjecture in textual or historical criticism, etc.

a. with object clause.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > conjecture, guess [verb (transitive)]

readOE

ettlec1275

divine1362

areadc1374

conjectc1374

aima1382

imaginec1405

supposec1405

imagine1477

conjecture1530

guessa1535

harpa1616

foreguess1640

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 494/1 As I conjecture, it wyll be founde.

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 40 Being not able to coniecture what purpose he should have in his hed.

1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 57 I can lesse conjecture, that you are hindred by want of Health..I will therefore imagine whatsoever you will have me to thinke.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 117 We conjectured he meant Dr. Burney.

1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxvi. 451 I found it difficult even to conjecture from his countenance what thoughts were passing through his mind.

b. with simple object.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > propose as conjecture

conjecture1879

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > emend > propose emendation

conjecture1879

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature Dram. Pers. sig. Gj^v The rest of the partes are easye ynough to coniecture.

a1610 J. Healey tr. Cebes' Table in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) 106 A table..the meaning whereof we could not possibly conjecture.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 169 The number of Protestants at this time it is difficult to conjecture.

1879 L. Campbell Sophocles I. Pref. 8 Αἰκάλλουσι for ἐκκαλοῦσι in O.T. 597 was conjectured independently by Musgrave and L. Dindorf.

1885 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. v. 128 We can conjecture the direction in which further advances will be made.

c. with object and infinitive.

ΚΠ

1587 D. Fenner Def. Godlie Ministers sig. Li^v I coniecture..their meaning to be this.

1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. vi. 102 in Church-hist. Brit. Let me conjecture him..of Buckingham Colledge.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 31 July (1965) I. 420 I conjecture them to be the remains of that city.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 302 That I should conjecture to be the truth.

4. intransitive. To form a conjecture, make a guess, guess. Const. of (archaic), †at (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > form conjectures, guess [verb (intransitive)]

divine1362

supposea1393

conjecta1425

guessc1535

rove1551

level1580

conjecture1587

to harp at1611

to venture at1623

to make a shot1840

reach1952

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 68^v Coniecture of her cares, imagine her distresse.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 304 If we may conjecture of these by what we finde related of others.

1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 93 I cannot conjecture at the reason, why the second Edition..does change so many materiall passages of the first.

1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 231 The Issue or Events of this War are not so easy to conjecture at.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 63 As a mother Conjectures of the features of her child Ere it is born.

†5. transitive. To devise, contrive, invent; = conject v. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > invent, devise [verb (transitive)]

findeOE

understand1297

devisea1300

shapec1381

warpa1387

enginec1400

weavec1420

reparel1434

studyc1530

conjecture1551

spina1575

ingeniate1592

think1599

to pattern out1601

decoct1602

smooth1603

to fetch about1611

fancy1635

plait1642

erect1646

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Nii They furthwyth verye wyttelye coniectured the thynge [sc. paper-making].

Derivatives

conˈjectured adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [adjective] > formed by conjecture

conjectureda1586

guessed1832

speculated1866

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E1^v A coniectured likelihood.

1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 307 An opportunity of trying our conjectured theory.

conˈjecturing n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun]

whatec1000

conjecturec1384

conjecturingc1384

augurya1413

augurationc1450

augurism1584

halsening1587

auguring1614

augurizing1652

conjectation1652

teratoscopy1665

prognostication1688

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun]

ettlingc1225

guessc1330

guessing1340

conjecting1382

cast1519

surmising1526

conjecturation1533

conjecture1535

foreguessing1548

speculation1575

estimation1598

conjecturing1643

guesswork1725

guesstimation1937

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ii. 5 Bot ȝe shuln shewe to me the sweuen, and the coniecturyng, or menyng, therof.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Devinement, coniecturing, soothsaying.

1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 35 When all conjecturing is don.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	conjecture
释义	conjecturen. Brit. /kənˈdʒɛktjʊə/, /kənˈdʒɛktʃə/, U.S. /kənˈdʒɛk(t)ʃər/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s -our(e. Etymology: < French conjecture, or its original Latin conjectūra , a throwing or casting together, a conclusion derived from comparison of facts, an inference, conclusion, guess, etc., < conject- participial stem of conjicĕre , conicĕre to throw together: see -ure suffix¹. †1. The interpretation of signs or omens; interpretation of dreams; divining; a conclusion as to coming events drawn from signs or omens; a forecast, a prognostication. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] whatec1000 conjecturec1384 conjecturingc1384 augurya1413 augurationc1450 augurism1584 halsening1587 auguring1614 augurizing1652 conjectation1652 teratoscopy1665 prognostication1688 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > interpretation of dreams > [noun] songuary1383 conjecturec1384 sompnary?a1450 oneirocriticism1614 oneirocritics1614 oneiromancy1650 oneirocracy1653 oneirocritic1744 oneirology1818 reading1865 oneirocrisy1976 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ii. 6 Ȝif ȝe shuln telle the sweuen, and coniecture therof [a1425 L.V. the expownyng therof; L. coniecturam ejus]. c1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergile De Invent. i. xix. 34 b A certaine prophet commaunded euery man to stande stil til he had taken a coniecture of the birde that flowe by. 1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. 230 (margin) To give conjectures of mens conditions and fortune by their countenaunces. 1586 Hill's Profitable Arte Gardening (new ed.) (title page) The yerely coniectures meete for Husbandmen. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 333 Out they went together to make conjecture of the thiefe by Augury. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 123 To cast Ominous conjecture on the whole success. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. ii. xiii. 281 The Signs by which they made Conjectures. †2. Conclusion as to facts drawn from appearances or indications. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > conclusion culorum1362 conclusionc1385 conjecturec1386 issuea1393 deduction1532 overplus1536 gatheringa1555 deducement1605 summation1608 therefore1641 offcome1655 deductivea1676 empiricism1724 wrap-up1960 inference1972 c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 349 By conjecture Hem thought sche was another creature. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 346 It is sothe, thoughe men by conjecture Of resoun..it ne kan determyne. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvii. sig. f.iiii^v More lyke an angell by all coniecture Than a fragyll mayde. †3. The supposing or putting of an imaginary case; supposition. (Cf. conject v. 1c) Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > [noun] weeningc900 wenc1000 susposea1325 deeming1340 supposala1425 conjecturec1460 supposing1530 supposition1565 suppose1582 surmise1593 surmisal1641 putation1649 expectation1793 c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) ix. 128 We nede in this case to vse coniecture and ymaginacion, as to thynk that þer is no lordis livelod in Englond sufficient, etc. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. 0. 1 Now entertaine coniecture of a time, When creeping Murmure..Fills..the Vniuerse. View more context for this quotation 4. a. The formation or offering of an opinion on grounds insufficient to furnish proof; the action or habit of guessing or surmising; conclusion as to what is likely or probable. In textual criticism, the proposal of a reading not actually found in the traditional text. † Formerly sometimes in a bad sense: Suspicion, evil surmise. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] ettlingc1225 guessc1330 guessing1340 conjecting1382 cast1519 surmising1526 conjecturation1533 conjecture1535 foreguessing1548 speculation1575 estimation1598 conjecturing1643 guesswork1725 guesstimation1937 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > without evidence suspicionc1290 conjecture1535 misprision1657 society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > textual criticism, reading not found in text conjecture1765 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > conjectural reading conjecture1765 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 25 Tindale accuseth..me of coniecture and temerariouse iugement. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 14 Out of these things thus alledged, I might (as mee thinketh) draw probable coniecture. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 106 And on my eie-liddes shall Coniecture hang, To turne all beautie into thoughts of harme. View more context for this quotation 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 1 Speake you this by conjecture..or by due experience of your owne? 1665 R. Boyle Disc. iii. ii, in Occas. Refl. sig. C8^v But this is only Conjecture; and whether it be true or no, [etc.]. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. i. 4 The region of pure fable and conjecture. 1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. lxi Of these [passages] the restoration is only to be attempted by collation of copies or sagacity of conjecture. 1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 105 Always ready to have recourse to conjecture and guess-work. 1865 J. Conington Wks. Virgil I. Pref. to ed. 2 The more important MSS...supply each other's defects..The need of critical conjecture is almost wholly removed. 1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. II. vii. 277 It is probable that this report..rests largely on conjecture. b. Absorption of mind in conjecturing; puzzlement. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [noun] mingingOE riddleOE cumbermentc1300 willa1325 encumbrancec1330 were1338 perplexitya1393 discomfiturea1425 cumbrancec1460 confuse1483 proplexity1487 perplexion?c1500 amazedness?1520 amazement1553 subversion1558 amaze?1560 perplexednessa1586 confusedness1587 puzzle1599 confusion1600 mizmaze1604 discomfita1616 embarras1627 obfuscation1628 mystery1629 confoundedness1641 puzzledness1662 confuseness1710 puzzlement1731 puzzledom1748 embarrassment1751 puzzleation1767 bepuzzlement1806 conjecture1815 mystification1817 bewilderment1819 perplexment1826 fuddle1827 wilderment1830 discomforture1832 head-scratching1832 baffle1843 posement1850 muddlement1857 turbidity1868 fogging1878 bemuddlement1884 harl1889 befuddlement1905 turbidness1906 wuzziness1942 perplexability1999 1815 M. Pilkington Celebrity I. 199 Her inquietude became less violent, though her conjecture was increased. 1815 M. Pilkington Celebrity II. 233 He was so completely lost in conjecture. 5. a. (with a and plural) An opinion offered on insufficient presumptive evidence; an unverified supposition put forth to account for something. In textual criticism, a proposed emendation of a text. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] > a conjecture, guess guessc1330 aimc1450 conjecturea1527 guessing1535 foreguessing1548 fact1566 conjectural1579 surmise1593 speculation1796 shot1840 guesstimate1936 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > emendation of text > proposed emendation conjecture1765 a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. D^v By all coniectures of reason. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 17 This ys a mere coniecture, and of no valydytye. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 289 Dreams, Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm. View more context for this quotation 1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. liii Perverse interpretations, and..improbable conjectures. 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 196 Men have so long mistaken their conjectures concerning facts, for facts themselves. 1863 J. Conington Wks. Virgil II. Pref. In several places he [Ribbeck] has introduced emendations into the text, generally conjectures of his own. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 213 In spite of a thousand conjectures, we know little of the life of our first great poet. †b. An evil surmise or suspicion. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > without evidence > instance of conjecturea1513 a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvi. sig. e.vii^v Ioseph..There was inprysoned, by a false coniectour. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. D1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) To satisfie you, and..to expell those easelesse [sic] coniectures of him. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 15 Shee may strew Dangerous coniectures in ill breeding mindes. View more context for this quotation 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 110 You would be ruined by the Malice of his Conjectures. †6. A ground or reason for conclusion (not amounting to demonstration). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony witnessc950 proof?c1225 witnessingc1330 evidencea1387 probacyc1460 probation?a1475 testimonial?a1475 testimony?a1475 testimonage1483 testamentc1485 conjecture1526 fact?1531 trial1532 teste1567 suffragy1571 attest1609 probate1610 testa1616 testate1619 discovery1622 constat1623 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. fiii^v [They] may haue a great coniecture of grace. 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xvii. f. cxvi I..had & yet haue very good coniectures to put litle dowt therin. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. vii. f. 33 Whiche thynge..they suspected by a thousand coniectures. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 8 Whether the ancient Germans..held any such fear..we have no Authentick conjecture. †7. A device, contrivance; esp. for an evil purpose; a plot, conspiracy. Obsolete. (Cf. conject v. 3.) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot devicec1290 wanlace1303 conjecturea1464 machinationa1475 practice1533 draught1535 plot?c1550 plat1584 design1590 contrivement1608 intrigo1648 complotment1660 underplot1668 contrivance1689 intrigue1692 scheme1719 infanglement1753 fix-up1832 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient costOE craftOE custc1275 ginc1275 devicec1290 enginec1300 quaintisec1300 contrevurec1330 castc1340 knackc1369 findinga1382 wilea1400 conject14.. skiftc1400 policy?1406 subtilityc1410 policec1450 conjecturea1464 industry1477 invention1516 cunning1526 shift1530 compass1540 chevisance1548 trade1550 tour1558 fashion1562 invent?1567 expediment1571 trick1573 ingeny1588 machine1595 lock1598 contrival1602 contrivement1611 artifice1620 recipea1643 ingenuity1651 expedient1653 contrivance1661 excogitation1664 mechanism1669 expediency1683 stroke1699 spell1728 management1736 manoeuvre1769 move1794 wrinkle1817 dodge1842 jigamaree1847 quiff1881 kink1889 lurk1916 gadget1920 fastie1931 ploy1940 a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 192 Þe kyng taried..in Walis tyl, as he supposed, þe lordes conjecture was sesed. c1475 Partenay Prol. 100 Which..Ful wel lernid were in knightly coniectures. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxii. f. li Fredegunde entendyng to make a douorce atwene Chilperich, and his wyfe by hir subtile, & false coniectour. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). conjecturev. /kənˈdʒɛktjʊə/ Etymology: < French conjecture-r (13th cent. in Littré), < conjecture. Cognate forms appear in the other Romanic languages, Italian congetturare, Spanish conjeturar, medieval Latin conjecturāre. †1. transitive and intransitive. To infer or gather from signs or omens; to divine, prognosticate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (transitive)] conjecturec1384 conject1496 augurate1571 augur1593 augurize1596 ominate1599 portend1605 ariolate1652 tell1891 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (intransitive)] conject1496 halsen1587 preominate1594 augurize1596 augur1599 signa1616 ominate1637 augurate1642 conjecture1652 auspicate1848 c1384 [see conjecturing n. and adj. at Derivatives]. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) viii. 29 By þe chaungeyng of þe coloures men..knawes and coniectures wheder it schall be derthe of corne. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft vii. xi. 145 Coniecture vnto me by thy familiar spirit. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 311 Melampus the Augur conjectured at the slaughter of the Greeks, by the flight of little birds. †2. transitive. To conclude, infer, or judge, from appearances or probabilities. (With object or clause.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > conjecture, guess [verb (transitive)] > form approximate judgement guessc1330 conjecturea1513 guesstimate1942 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxvi. f. cx Whiche thynge thus by the kynge desyred, the Lordes anone coniectured in their myndes that he desyred the kepynge of theyr yonge lorde, to y^e ende that he myght the more easyerly optayne the possession of that Dukedome. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. vi. f. 30^v They coniectured that these thynges portended sum great matter. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 346 Occupying his pen (as by the course of his wordes, is to be conjectured) so unnecessarily. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. ii. xv. 203 The furie of the rebels may be coniectured by this, that they pluckt downe house-tops. 3. To form an opinion or supposition as to facts on grounds admittedly insufficient; to guess, surmise; to propose as a conjecture in textual or historical criticism, etc. a. with object clause. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > conjecture, guess [verb (transitive)] readOE ettlec1275 divine1362 areadc1374 conjectc1374 aima1382 imaginec1405 supposec1405 imagine1477 conjecture1530 guessa1535 harpa1616 foreguess1640 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 494/1 As I conjecture, it wyll be founde. 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 40 Being not able to coniecture what purpose he should have in his hed. 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 57 I can lesse conjecture, that you are hindred by want of Health..I will therefore imagine whatsoever you will have me to thinke. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 117 We conjectured he meant Dr. Burney. 1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxvi. 451 I found it difficult even to conjecture from his countenance what thoughts were passing through his mind. b. with simple object. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > propose as conjecture conjecture1879 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > emend > propose emendation conjecture1879 ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature Dram. Pers. sig. Gj^v The rest of the partes are easye ynough to coniecture. a1610 J. Healey tr. Cebes' Table in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) 106 A table..the meaning whereof we could not possibly conjecture. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 169 The number of Protestants at this time it is difficult to conjecture. 1879 L. Campbell Sophocles I. Pref. 8 Αἰκάλλουσι for ἐκκαλοῦσι in O.T. 597 was conjectured independently by Musgrave and L. Dindorf. 1885 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. v. 128 We can conjecture the direction in which further advances will be made. c. with object and infinitive. ΚΠ 1587 D. Fenner Def. Godlie Ministers sig. Li^v I coniecture..their meaning to be this. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. vi. 102 in Church-hist. Brit. Let me conjecture him..of Buckingham Colledge. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 31 July (1965) I. 420 I conjecture them to be the remains of that city. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 302 That I should conjecture to be the truth. 4. intransitive. To form a conjecture, make a guess, guess. Const. of (archaic), †at (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > form conjectures, guess [verb (intransitive)] divine1362 supposea1393 conjecta1425 guessc1535 rove1551 level1580 conjecture1587 to harp at1611 to venture at1623 to make a shot1840 reach1952 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 68^v Coniecture of her cares, imagine her distresse. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 304 If we may conjecture of these by what we finde related of others. View more context for this quotation 1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 93 I cannot conjecture at the reason, why the second Edition..does change so many materiall passages of the first. 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 231 The Issue or Events of this War are not so easy to conjecture at. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 63 As a mother Conjectures of the features of her child Ere it is born. †5. transitive. To devise, contrive, invent; = conject v. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > invent, devise [verb (transitive)] findeOE understand1297 devisea1300 shapec1381 warpa1387 enginec1400 weavec1420 reparel1434 studyc1530 conjecture1551 spina1575 ingeniate1592 think1599 to pattern out1601 decoct1602 smooth1603 to fetch about1611 fancy1635 plait1642 erect1646 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Nii They furthwyth verye wyttelye coniectured the thynge [sc. paper-making]. Derivatives conˈjectured adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [adjective] > formed by conjecture conjectureda1586 guessed1832 speculated1866 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E1^v A coniectured likelihood. 1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 307 An opportunity of trying our conjectured theory. conˈjecturing n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] whatec1000 conjecturec1384 conjecturingc1384 augurya1413 augurationc1450 augurism1584 halsening1587 auguring1614 augurizing1652 conjectation1652 teratoscopy1665 prognostication1688 the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] ettlingc1225 guessc1330 guessing1340 conjecting1382 cast1519 surmising1526 conjecturation1533 conjecture1535 foreguessing1548 speculation1575 estimation1598 conjecturing1643 guesswork1725 guesstimation1937 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ii. 5 Bot ȝe shuln shewe to me the sweuen, and the coniecturyng, or menyng, therof. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Devinement, coniecturing, soothsaying. 1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 35 When all conjecturing is don. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384v.c1384
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