waywardadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈweɪwəd/, U.S.

/ˈweɪwərd/

Forms: Middle English waiwerd, Middle English weiward, Middle English weiwerd, Middle English weyward, Middle English weywerd, Middle English–1500s waywarde, Middle English–1500s weywarde, Middle English–1600s waiward, Middle English– wayward, 1500s waiwarde, 1500s waywerde, 1600s waward; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s waywart, 1800s wawart, 1900s– wayart (nonstandard).

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: way adv., -ward suffix; awayward adj.

Etymology: Either < way adv. + -ward suffix, or aphetic < awayward adj. (compare sense 2 at that entry). In some uses apparently associated directly with way n.¹, with the assumed basic sense of ‘going one's own way’. Compare waywards adv. Compare also froward adj.

A. adj.

a. Disposed to go against the wishes or advice of others or what is proper or reasonable; intractable; self-willed; perverse; (of a child) disobedient, refractory.In later use, in milder sense, tending to merge with sense A. 2. N.E.D. (1926) states: ‘If applied to conduct deserving severe moral reprobation it would now be apprehended as euphemistic.’

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse

wharfedc1175

thwart-over?c1225

fromwardc1275

thwarta1325

wilgernc1325

contrariousa1340

froward1340

rebours1340

awaywarda1375

overthwartc1384

protervec1384

waywardc1384

arsewardc1386

wrawc1386

wrawfulc1386

crabbeda1400

ungraitha1400

wraweda1400

awklyc1400

perversec1425

awkc1440

perversiosec1475

crooked1508

wrayward1516

awkward1530

difficilec1533

peevish1539

protervous1547

overthwarting1552

untowardly1561

difficult1589

cross1594

cama1600

frowish1601

awkwardish1613

haggardly1635

pigheadeda1637

cross-grained1647

wry1649

crossfulc1680

thwarting1718

kim-kama1734

wronghead1737

piggish1742

witherly1790

top-thrawn1808

contrary1850

cussed1858

three-cornered1863

thwarteous1890

bloody-minded1935

society > authority > lack of subjection > [adjective] > intractable or recalcitrant > and perverse

waywardc1384

contumaxc1386

contumacec1425

perversec1425

gainsaying1489

wrayward1516

untowards1525

untoward1526

wrabbed?1544

contumacious1603

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vi. 23 Ȝif thyn eiȝe be weyward [L. nequam].

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xvii. 16 A! thou generacioun vnbyleeful..and weiward [L. perversa].

?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 376 As waiwerd clerkis wolden in seynt Austyns time haue done.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 143 Pepil So weyward and So vnredy.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fv Than he waxeth testy and weywarde, and for euery trifull is impacient and angry.

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes Gen. Prol. f. Aij Many sorowes endureth the woman in nouryshyng a waywerde chylde.

1589 J. Whitgift Serm. sig. C6^v The third kinde is of those that are conceited and wayward, who onely obey when they list, wherein they list, and so long as they list.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. iv. 4 My wife is in a wayward moode to day.

1651 D. Featley Reinolds in T. Fuller Abel Rediv. 486 A waward Patient maketh a froward Physitian.

1709 H. Sacheverell Perils False Brethern 17 Obstinate, Moody, Wayward, and Self-conceited Hypocrites and Enthusiasts.

1782 J. Barlow Elegy Titus Hosmer 14 The bliss that wayward mortals seldom find.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lxix. 199 The wayward boy soon spurned the shelter of his roof, and sought associates more congenial to his taste.

1894 Lady M. Verney Verney Mem. III. 326 Sir Ralph treated the wayward girl with a courtesy to which her mother never condescended.

1908 Q. Rev. Oct. 340 His wayward temper..inflamed the hostility of his enemies and alienated the sympathy of his friends and natural allies.

1936 D. Powell Turn, Magic Wheel i. 60 A wayward, double-crossing, lying little tramp.

1970 N. Bawden Birds on Trees ii. 35 She..was still a child to her mother; awkward and wayward, always in the wrong.

1984 B. Bainbridge Watson's Apol. ii. 89 The Greek gods were essentially cruel and wayward.

2013 Daily Tel. 11 Jan. 28/2 She is a brilliant but wayward actress.

b. Of judgement: perverse, wrong, unjust.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [adjective] > wrong (of judgement)

waywardc1384

crude1611

misreputed1643

misjudged1644

wrong-headed1735

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hab. i. 4 Weywerd dom [L. judicium perversum].

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cii Suche prowde lewde ouerthwarte and waywarde Iudgementes [L. superba, absurda ac morosa iudicia].

1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 62 Her skittish wits and wayward minde can fancy nothing right.

1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 126 The vapours of his way-ward disposition, of his distrust and vnequalnesse.

1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 51 The wayward authority of an old man in his own house.

1735 J. Danvers Tipping Tipt Justice 28 Their wayward Judgment we'll indict, and our own Panegyrick write.

1808 W. Scott in J. Dryden Wks. X. 6 Wayward opinions formed upon speculative doctrine.

1866 Galaxy 1 May 61 Farewell, Bohemia..with all thy wayward judgments, and flexible convictions, and dissolute skepticisms!

1910 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 285 Emancipation from the wayward authority of nature.

1949 A. Ogle Trag. Lollards' Tower 63 Joan held, and was compelled to abjure, certain wayward opinions.

1973 V. V. John Misadventures in Higher Educ. i. 22 The juxtaposition will discourage inflation of marks in the internal grading, and whimsical or wayward assessment in the external.

2004 R. Cross Steven Berkoff & Theatre of Self-performance Acknowl. p. xi I bear sole responsibility for any errors or wayward judgements expressed in the pages that follow.

c. Of a person's appearance, words, actions, etc.: indicating or manifesting obstinate self-will.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > wilful

onwileOE

wilfulc1200

willesfulc1225

headstronga1398

wilsomea1400

headya1425

overthrowing?a1425

self-willya1425

self-willedc1450

sensual1524

wayward1528

headish1530

affectionate1534

self-will1562

strongheaded1579

hard-mouthed1610

brag-brained1648

self-wilful1648

overwilled1650

will-strong1654

cobby1785

willyart1791

brain-strong1863

1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Bii An ineuytably prepensed answere to all waywarde or frowarde altercacyons.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 44 An other he [sc. the Evil One] sturreth to make som weywarde token..where thrughe other ar taryed in theyre myndes.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 507 Suspecting euery peevish & wayward countenance.

1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. sig. I4 If a man shuld heap together all the cholericke speeches, all the wayward actions, that ever scaped from him in his life.

1630 Pathomachia i. iv. 8 From wayward words they passed on to bloody blowes.

1759 W. Mason Caractacus 36 Restrain thy way-ward tongue, Insolent youth! in such licentious mood To interrupt our speech ill suits thy years.

1785 T. Holcroft Choleric Fathers iii. 55 The wayward tongue, fond Love repelling.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. xii. 281 I shall never forget the diabolical sneer which writhed Rashleigh's wayward features.

1870 J. Pomeroy Double Secret & Golden Pippin I. x. 90 Sir Thomas put his arm round her for support but she resented it for one moment with the old wayward gesture.

1904 A. E. Thomas Cynthia's Rebellion iv. 46 I did restrain my wayward tongue.

1961 H. E. Neal Hallelujah Army vii. 94 Kathy's parents are puzzled and hurt by their daughter's wayward action.

2011 E. S. Gellman & J. Roll Gospel Working Class i. 17 She was too temperamental and likely to get herself into trouble with wayward words.

d. Of a thing, condition, etc.: contrary to what is expected or desired; untoward. In later use chiefly used of fortune, destiny, etc. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] > unfavourable

contrariousc1320

bada1325

contraryinga1340

adversea1393

frowarda1400

contrairc1400

fremd1423

adversant?a1425

sinister1432

perversea1450

undisposed1456

sinistral?a1475

contrary1477

favourless1509

unfriendlya1513

thwarting1530

wayward?1544

contrariant1548

disfavourable1561

cross1565

unindifferent1565

sinistrous1566

haggard1578

unkindly1579

backward1582

awkward1587

improsperous1598

thwart1610

unpropitious1613

averted1619

untoward1621

averse1623

impropitious1638

sinister1726

unfavourable1748

untowardly1756

unfavouring1835

?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iv^v By theyr condicions so croked and crabbed Frowardly fashonde so waywarde and wrabbed.

1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 80^v When waywarde Winter spits his gall.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxix. sig. Zz8 What spiteful God..hath brought me to such a waywarde case, that neither thy death can be a reuenge, nor thy ouerthrow a victorie.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xviii. 10 Pericles Is now againe thwarting thy wayward seas.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 461 My Coward Soul shall bear its wayward Fate.

1792 F. Burney Diary Apr. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 134 This wayward Month opened upon me with none of its smiles.

1803 E. Helme St. Clair of Isles I. vii. 102 A curse on my wayward fortune for subjecting me to such disgrace!

1876 E. De Celtis Pale & Septs II. vii. 108 I deplore the wayward destiny that hath overtaken him.

1891 M. Reid Scalp Hunters xli. 263 Poor child! a wayward fate has been hers.

1969 M. Puzo Godfather ii. xii. 178 The women he loved most in the world were secretly glad to see him crushed, humiliated, by a wayward fortune.

2. Conforming to no fixed rule or principle of conduct; capricious, unaccountable; erratic, unpredictable; uncontrollable.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical

startfulmood?a1300

wildc1350

volage?a1366

gerfulc1374

geryc1386

wild-headeda1400

skittishc1412

gerish1430

shittle1440

shittle-witted1448

runningc1449

volageous1487

glaikit1488

fantasious1490

giggish1523

tickle or light of the sear?1530

fantastical1531

wayward1531

wantona1538

peevish1539

light-headed1549

humoral1573

unstaid1579

shittle-headed1580

toy-headed1581

fangled1587

humorous1589

choiceful1591

toyish1598

tricksy1598

skip-brain1603

capricious1605

humoursome1607

planetary1607

vertiginous1609

whimsieda1625

ingiddied1628

whimsy1637

toysome1638

cocklec1640

mercurial1647

garish1650

maggoty1650

kicksey-winseya1652

freakish1653

humourish1653

planetic1653

whimsical1653

shittle-braineda1655

freaking1663

maggoty-headed1667

maggot-pated1681

hoity-toity1690

maggotish1693

maggot-headeda1695

whimsy-headed1699

fantasque1701

crotchetly1702

quixotic1718

volatile1719

holloweda1734

conundrumical1743

flighty1768

fly-away1775

dizzy1780

whimmy1785

shy1787

whimming1787

quirky1789

notional1791

tricksome1815

vagarish1819

freakful1820

faddy1824

moodish1827

mawky1837

erratic1841

rockety1843

quirkish1848

maggoty-pated1850

crotchetya1854

freaksome1854

faddish1855

vagrom1882

fantasied1883

vagarisome1883

on-and-offish1888

tricksical1889

freaky1891

hobby-horsical1893

quirksome1896

temperamental1907

up and down1960

untogether1969

fanciful-

fantastic-

1531 Bp. W. Barlow Dyaloge Lutheran Faccyons sig. q4 He sendyth amonge them false prophetes & erronyous teachers, prechyng maters accordynge to theyre waywarde appetytes.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Let. iv. f. 118^v Our lyfe is so doubtefull, and fortune so waywarde, that she dothe not alway threate in strykynge, nor striketh in thretnynge.

1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted f. 118^v Haue regarde vnto not that whereunto better and more considerat times doe prouoke you: that yee may not seeme to be more willing to wander in the wayward course of their errours.

1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. ii. 87 My longings are not wanton, but wayward.

1613 J. Stephens Cinthias Reuenge i. x. sig. D4 Who never was the bounded fauorite Of way-ward rumor.

1653 ‘Musophilius’ Card Courtship 18 I must tell you, Sir, that you have proclaimed your owne unworthiness, with your owne tongue, by this wayward way of wooing.

1684 A. Behn Love-lett. between Noble-man & Sister 293 No bauble of the gaudy world will please my wayward fancy.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 36 This strange wayward Heart of mine, that I never found so ungovernable and awkward before.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xxvii. 10 Hard by yon wood..Mutt'ring his wayward fancies he wou'd rove.

1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 52 But by the oracle of truth below, The wondrous magnet, guides the wayward prow.

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 69 He left his bed, and took his wayward rout, And down by Simpsons wheel'd the left about.

1817 W. Scott Harold ii. xv. 64 Thus muttering, to the door she bent Her wayward steps.

1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. 88 The movement of events is often as wayward and incomprehensible as the course of human thought.

1894 L. C. Moulton in Friends' Intelligencer & Jrnl. 14 Apr. 236/1 Like April's self, now stormy, now clear, Waywardest month of the wayward year.

1905 C.T.C. Gaz. June 254/1 The wayward hoop is a fruitful cause of those accidents for which no one except the victim gets punished.

1948 G. Greene Heart of Matter ii. i. 186 The dim and wayward light of the kerosene lamp.

2006 Hotdog Nov. 128/1 For all its wayward genius, the film isn't perfect.

3. Of a (case of) disease or other medical condition: †not yielding readily to treatment, stubborn (obsolete); (in later use) unpredictable or anomalous (in course, response to treatment, rate of infection, etc.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > resistant to treatment

contumace?1541

contumaced?1541

rebel?1541

wayward?1541

rebellious1565

pertinacious1578

contumacious1605

surly1609

refractory1634

sturdy1643

irreducible1836

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Fiv, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens By the occasyon of them the vlcere is waywarde [Fr. difficile] and rebel to be healed.

1822 C. M. Sedgwick New-Eng. Tale iii. 39 My wayward disease may be coaxed into a little clemency.

1824 Jrnl. Foreign Med. Sci. & Lit. 4 64 The practical reflection that suggests itself in this singularly wayward case, is that the cathartic power of the croton oil was not steadily applied.

1855 New Orleans Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 11 45 The wayward disease did, it is true, early make its appearance at ‘the caldron’.

1901 Clin. Jrnl. 17 271/1 Many more varieties of this wayward disease could be described.

1956 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 June 1283/1 Cases followed up..illustrate the response of this wayward disease to the therapeutic measures.

B. n.

1. With the. Wayward people as a class.

ΚΠ

1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus Exhort. Studye Script. sig. f.iij^v With the chosen shalte thou be chosen, and with the perverse [Ger. bey den verkereten] and weywarde shalte thou be weywarde.

1582 Bible (Rheims) 1 Pet. ii. 18 Not only the good and modest, but also the waiward [L. dyscolis].

a1626 A. Lake Serm. (1629) 14 Therefore if any thing will win the wayward, it is meeknesse.

1710 tr. C. Quillet Callipædia iv. 51 Study and Exercise, in Time, dispose To vertuous Deeds the wayward and the cross.

1840 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. July 69 He encouraged the good, rebuked the wayward, and punished the wicked.

1893 J. H. Barrows Henry Ward Beecher xlvii. 496 His tenderness toward the wayward and suffering.

1954 M. Connolly Mr. Blue (new ed.) vii. 110 Reaching the indifferent, the callous, the wayward.

2002 D. R. Adams Rock 'n' Roll & Cleveland Connection xiv. 378 A man whose record store had become the home of the wayward and wanton.

2. A wayward person.

ΚΠ

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 63 b Here our old peevish wayward, piketh a new quarell agaynst me.

1777 J. Heely Descr. Envil 9 A yell of exultation on this decisive blow, croaked from the lungs of one of the waywards.

1891 Ann. Early Settlers' Assoc. Cuyahoga 12 545 One of the waywards had so clutched his revolver ready for action that his hand became crampled.

1912 R. Benson Knight in Denim iii. 43 The institution..was the place where waywards were restrained of their liberty.

1969 M. Lee Four Men & Monster 18 He couldn't have put her his own sister nice and clean in a nut house for waywards could he.

2004 L. Steven in J.-F. Leroux & C. R. La Bossière Worlds of Wonder 68 It collects the waywards and castoffs and gives them a place, a home.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wayward
释义	waywardadj.n. Brit. /ˈweɪwəd/, U.S. /ˈweɪwərd/ Forms: Middle English waiwerd, Middle English weiward, Middle English weiwerd, Middle English weyward, Middle English weywerd, Middle English–1500s waywarde, Middle English–1500s weywarde, Middle English–1600s waiward, Middle English– wayward, 1500s waiwarde, 1500s waywerde, 1600s waward; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s waywart, 1800s wawart, 1900s– wayart (nonstandard). Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: way adv., -ward suffix; awayward adj. Etymology: Either < way adv. + -ward suffix, or aphetic < awayward adj. (compare sense 2 at that entry). In some uses apparently associated directly with way n.¹, with the assumed basic sense of ‘going one's own way’. Compare waywards adv. Compare also froward adj. A. adj. 1. a. Disposed to go against the wishes or advice of others or what is proper or reasonable; intractable; self-willed; perverse; (of a child) disobedient, refractory.In later use, in milder sense, tending to merge with sense A. 2. N.E.D. (1926) states: ‘If applied to conduct deserving severe moral reprobation it would now be apprehended as euphemistic.’ ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse wharfedc1175 thwart-over?c1225 fromwardc1275 thwarta1325 wilgernc1325 contrariousa1340 froward1340 rebours1340 awaywarda1375 overthwartc1384 protervec1384 waywardc1384 arsewardc1386 wrawc1386 wrawfulc1386 crabbeda1400 ungraitha1400 wraweda1400 awklyc1400 perversec1425 awkc1440 perversiosec1475 crooked1508 wrayward1516 awkward1530 difficilec1533 peevish1539 protervous1547 overthwarting1552 untowardly1561 difficult1589 cross1594 cama1600 frowish1601 awkwardish1613 haggardly1635 pigheadeda1637 cross-grained1647 wry1649 crossfulc1680 thwarting1718 kim-kama1734 wronghead1737 piggish1742 witherly1790 top-thrawn1808 contrary1850 cussed1858 three-cornered1863 thwarteous1890 bloody-minded1935 society > authority > lack of subjection > [adjective] > intractable or recalcitrant > and perverse waywardc1384 contumaxc1386 contumacec1425 perversec1425 gainsaying1489 wrayward1516 untowards1525 untoward1526 wrabbed?1544 contumacious1603 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vi. 23 Ȝif thyn eiȝe be weyward [L. nequam]. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xvii. 16 A! thou generacioun vnbyleeful..and weiward [L. perversa]. ?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 376 As waiwerd clerkis wolden in seynt Austyns time haue done. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 143 Pepil So weyward and So vnredy. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fv Than he waxeth testy and weywarde, and for euery trifull is impacient and angry. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes Gen. Prol. f. Aij Many sorowes endureth the woman in nouryshyng a waywerde chylde. 1589 J. Whitgift Serm. sig. C6^v The third kinde is of those that are conceited and wayward, who onely obey when they list, wherein they list, and so long as they list. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. iv. 4 My wife is in a wayward moode to day. View more context for this quotation 1651 D. Featley Reinolds in T. Fuller Abel Rediv. 486 A waward Patient maketh a froward Physitian. 1709 H. Sacheverell Perils False Brethern 17 Obstinate, Moody, Wayward, and Self-conceited Hypocrites and Enthusiasts. 1782 J. Barlow Elegy Titus Hosmer 14 The bliss that wayward mortals seldom find. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lxix. 199 The wayward boy soon spurned the shelter of his roof, and sought associates more congenial to his taste. 1894 Lady M. Verney Verney Mem. III. 326 Sir Ralph treated the wayward girl with a courtesy to which her mother never condescended. 1908 Q. Rev. Oct. 340 His wayward temper..inflamed the hostility of his enemies and alienated the sympathy of his friends and natural allies. 1936 D. Powell Turn, Magic Wheel i. 60 A wayward, double-crossing, lying little tramp. 1970 N. Bawden Birds on Trees ii. 35 She..was still a child to her mother; awkward and wayward, always in the wrong. 1984 B. Bainbridge Watson's Apol. ii. 89 The Greek gods were essentially cruel and wayward. 2013 Daily Tel. 11 Jan. 28/2 She is a brilliant but wayward actress. b. Of judgement: perverse, wrong, unjust. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [adjective] > wrong (of judgement) waywardc1384 crude1611 misreputed1643 misjudged1644 wrong-headed1735 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hab. i. 4 Weywerd dom [L. judicium perversum]. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cii Suche prowde lewde ouerthwarte and waywarde Iudgementes [L. superba, absurda ac morosa iudicia]. 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 62 Her skittish wits and wayward minde can fancy nothing right. 1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 126 The vapours of his way-ward disposition, of his distrust and vnequalnesse. 1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 51 The wayward authority of an old man in his own house. 1735 J. Danvers Tipping Tipt Justice 28 Their wayward Judgment we'll indict, and our own Panegyrick write. 1808 W. Scott in J. Dryden Wks. X. 6 Wayward opinions formed upon speculative doctrine. 1866 Galaxy 1 May 61 Farewell, Bohemia..with all thy wayward judgments, and flexible convictions, and dissolute skepticisms! 1910 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 285 Emancipation from the wayward authority of nature. 1949 A. Ogle Trag. Lollards' Tower 63 Joan held, and was compelled to abjure, certain wayward opinions. 1973 V. V. John Misadventures in Higher Educ. i. 22 The juxtaposition will discourage inflation of marks in the internal grading, and whimsical or wayward assessment in the external. 2004 R. Cross Steven Berkoff & Theatre of Self-performance Acknowl. p. xi I bear sole responsibility for any errors or wayward judgements expressed in the pages that follow. c. Of a person's appearance, words, actions, etc.: indicating or manifesting obstinate self-will. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > wilful onwileOE wilfulc1200 willesfulc1225 headstronga1398 wilsomea1400 headya1425 overthrowing?a1425 self-willya1425 self-willedc1450 sensual1524 wayward1528 headish1530 affectionate1534 self-will1562 strongheaded1579 hard-mouthed1610 brag-brained1648 self-wilful1648 overwilled1650 will-strong1654 cobby1785 willyart1791 brain-strong1863 1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Bii An ineuytably prepensed answere to all waywarde or frowarde altercacyons. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 44 An other he [sc. the Evil One] sturreth to make som weywarde token..where thrughe other ar taryed in theyre myndes. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 507 Suspecting euery peevish & wayward countenance. 1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. sig. I4 If a man shuld heap together all the cholericke speeches, all the wayward actions, that ever scaped from him in his life. 1630 Pathomachia i. iv. 8 From wayward words they passed on to bloody blowes. 1759 W. Mason Caractacus 36 Restrain thy way-ward tongue, Insolent youth! in such licentious mood To interrupt our speech ill suits thy years. 1785 T. Holcroft Choleric Fathers iii. 55 The wayward tongue, fond Love repelling. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. xii. 281 I shall never forget the diabolical sneer which writhed Rashleigh's wayward features. 1870 J. Pomeroy Double Secret & Golden Pippin I. x. 90 Sir Thomas put his arm round her for support but she resented it for one moment with the old wayward gesture. 1904 A. E. Thomas Cynthia's Rebellion iv. 46 I did restrain my wayward tongue. 1961 H. E. Neal Hallelujah Army vii. 94 Kathy's parents are puzzled and hurt by their daughter's wayward action. 2011 E. S. Gellman & J. Roll Gospel Working Class i. 17 She was too temperamental and likely to get herself into trouble with wayward words. d. Of a thing, condition, etc.: contrary to what is expected or desired; untoward. In later use chiefly used of fortune, destiny, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] > unfavourable contrariousc1320 bada1325 contraryinga1340 adversea1393 frowarda1400 contrairc1400 fremd1423 adversant?a1425 sinister1432 perversea1450 undisposed1456 sinistral?a1475 contrary1477 favourless1509 unfriendlya1513 thwarting1530 wayward?1544 contrariant1548 disfavourable1561 cross1565 unindifferent1565 sinistrous1566 haggard1578 unkindly1579 backward1582 awkward1587 improsperous1598 thwart1610 unpropitious1613 averted1619 untoward1621 averse1623 impropitious1638 sinister1726 unfavourable1748 untowardly1756 unfavouring1835 ?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iv^v By theyr condicions so croked and crabbed Frowardly fashonde so waywarde and wrabbed. 1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 80^v When waywarde Winter spits his gall. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxix. sig. Zz8 What spiteful God..hath brought me to such a waywarde case, that neither thy death can be a reuenge, nor thy ouerthrow a victorie. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xviii. 10 Pericles Is now againe thwarting thy wayward seas. View more context for this quotation 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 461 My Coward Soul shall bear its wayward Fate. 1792 F. Burney Diary Apr. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 134 This wayward Month opened upon me with none of its smiles. 1803 E. Helme St. Clair of Isles I. vii. 102 A curse on my wayward fortune for subjecting me to such disgrace! 1876 E. De Celtis Pale & Septs II. vii. 108 I deplore the wayward destiny that hath overtaken him. 1891 M. Reid Scalp Hunters xli. 263 Poor child! a wayward fate has been hers. 1969 M. Puzo Godfather ii. xii. 178 The women he loved most in the world were secretly glad to see him crushed, humiliated, by a wayward fortune. 2. Conforming to no fixed rule or principle of conduct; capricious, unaccountable; erratic, unpredictable; uncontrollable. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical startfulmood?a1300 wildc1350 volage?a1366 gerfulc1374 geryc1386 wild-headeda1400 skittishc1412 gerish1430 shittle1440 shittle-witted1448 runningc1449 volageous1487 glaikit1488 fantasious1490 giggish1523 tickle or light of the sear?1530 fantastical1531 wayward1531 wantona1538 peevish1539 light-headed1549 humoral1573 unstaid1579 shittle-headed1580 toy-headed1581 fangled1587 humorous1589 choiceful1591 toyish1598 tricksy1598 skip-brain1603 capricious1605 humoursome1607 planetary1607 vertiginous1609 whimsieda1625 ingiddied1628 whimsy1637 toysome1638 cocklec1640 mercurial1647 garish1650 maggoty1650 kicksey-winseya1652 freakish1653 humourish1653 planetic1653 whimsical1653 shittle-braineda1655 freaking1663 maggoty-headed1667 maggot-pated1681 hoity-toity1690 maggotish1693 maggot-headeda1695 whimsy-headed1699 fantasque1701 crotchetly1702 quixotic1718 volatile1719 holloweda1734 conundrumical1743 flighty1768 fly-away1775 dizzy1780 whimmy1785 shy1787 whimming1787 quirky1789 notional1791 tricksome1815 vagarish1819 freakful1820 faddy1824 moodish1827 mawky1837 erratic1841 rockety1843 quirkish1848 maggoty-pated1850 crotchetya1854 freaksome1854 faddish1855 vagrom1882 fantasied1883 vagarisome1883 on-and-offish1888 tricksical1889 freaky1891 hobby-horsical1893 quirksome1896 temperamental1907 up and down1960 untogether1969 fanciful- fantastic- 1531 Bp. W. Barlow Dyaloge Lutheran Faccyons sig. q4 He sendyth amonge them false prophetes & erronyous teachers, prechyng maters accordynge to theyre waywarde appetytes. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Let. iv. f. 118^v Our lyfe is so doubtefull, and fortune so waywarde, that she dothe not alway threate in strykynge, nor striketh in thretnynge. 1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted f. 118^v Haue regarde vnto not that whereunto better and more considerat times doe prouoke you: that yee may not seeme to be more willing to wander in the wayward course of their errours. 1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. ii. 87 My longings are not wanton, but wayward. 1613 J. Stephens Cinthias Reuenge i. x. sig. D4 Who never was the bounded fauorite Of way-ward rumor. 1653 ‘Musophilius’ Card Courtship 18 I must tell you, Sir, that you have proclaimed your owne unworthiness, with your owne tongue, by this wayward way of wooing. 1684 A. Behn Love-lett. between Noble-man & Sister 293 No bauble of the gaudy world will please my wayward fancy. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 36 This strange wayward Heart of mine, that I never found so ungovernable and awkward before. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xxvii. 10 Hard by yon wood..Mutt'ring his wayward fancies he wou'd rove. 1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 52 But by the oracle of truth below, The wondrous magnet, guides the wayward prow. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 69 He left his bed, and took his wayward rout, And down by Simpsons wheel'd the left about. 1817 W. Scott Harold ii. xv. 64 Thus muttering, to the door she bent Her wayward steps. 1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. 88 The movement of events is often as wayward and incomprehensible as the course of human thought. 1894 L. C. Moulton in Friends' Intelligencer & Jrnl. 14 Apr. 236/1 Like April's self, now stormy, now clear, Waywardest month of the wayward year. 1905 C.T.C. Gaz. June 254/1 The wayward hoop is a fruitful cause of those accidents for which no one except the victim gets punished. 1948 G. Greene Heart of Matter ii. i. 186 The dim and wayward light of the kerosene lamp. 2006 Hotdog Nov. 128/1 For all its wayward genius, the film isn't perfect. 3. Of a (case of) disease or other medical condition: †not yielding readily to treatment, stubborn (obsolete); (in later use) unpredictable or anomalous (in course, response to treatment, rate of infection, etc.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > resistant to treatment contumace?1541 contumaced?1541 rebel?1541 wayward?1541 rebellious1565 pertinacious1578 contumacious1605 surly1609 refractory1634 sturdy1643 irreducible1836 ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Fiv, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens By the occasyon of them the vlcere is waywarde [Fr. difficile] and rebel to be healed. 1822 C. M. Sedgwick New-Eng. Tale iii. 39 My wayward disease may be coaxed into a little clemency. 1824 Jrnl. Foreign Med. Sci. & Lit. 4 64 The practical reflection that suggests itself in this singularly wayward case, is that the cathartic power of the croton oil was not steadily applied. 1855 New Orleans Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 11 45 The wayward disease did, it is true, early make its appearance at ‘the caldron’. 1901 Clin. Jrnl. 17 271/1 Many more varieties of this wayward disease could be described. 1956 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 June 1283/1 Cases followed up..illustrate the response of this wayward disease to the therapeutic measures. B. n. 1. With the. Wayward people as a class. ΚΠ 1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus Exhort. Studye Script. sig. f.iij^v With the chosen shalte thou be chosen, and with the perverse [Ger. bey den verkereten] and weywarde shalte thou be weywarde. 1582 Bible (Rheims) 1 Pet. ii. 18 Not only the good and modest, but also the waiward [L. dyscolis]. a1626 A. Lake Serm. (1629) 14 Therefore if any thing will win the wayward, it is meeknesse. 1710 tr. C. Quillet Callipædia iv. 51 Study and Exercise, in Time, dispose To vertuous Deeds the wayward and the cross. 1840 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. July 69 He encouraged the good, rebuked the wayward, and punished the wicked. 1893 J. H. Barrows Henry Ward Beecher xlvii. 496 His tenderness toward the wayward and suffering. 1954 M. Connolly Mr. Blue (new ed.) vii. 110 Reaching the indifferent, the callous, the wayward. 2002 D. R. Adams Rock 'n' Roll & Cleveland Connection xiv. 378 A man whose record store had become the home of the wayward and wanton. 2. A wayward person. ΚΠ 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 63 b Here our old peevish wayward, piketh a new quarell agaynst me. 1777 J. Heely Descr. Envil 9 A yell of exultation on this decisive blow, croaked from the lungs of one of the waywards. 1891 Ann. Early Settlers' Assoc. Cuyahoga 12 545 One of the waywards had so clutched his revolver ready for action that his hand became crampled. 1912 R. Benson Knight in Denim iii. 43 The institution..was the place where waywards were restrained of their liberty. 1969 M. Lee Four Men & Monster 18 He couldn't have put her his own sister nice and clean in a nut house for waywards could he. 2004 L. Steven in J.-F. Leroux & C. R. La Bossière Worlds of Wonder 68 It collects the waywards and castoffs and gives them a place, a home. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † waywardv. Forms: 1500s waiward. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: wayward adj. Etymology: < wayward adj. Obsolete. rare. transitive (in passive). To be prejudiced. ΚΠ 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 76/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I If any bee so ouerthwartly waywarded [1587 waiwarded], as he wil sooner long for y^t I haue omitted, than he will be contented with that I haue chronicled. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1384v.1577
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waywardadj.n.

† waywardv.