waulkern.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːkə/, U.S.

/ˈwɔkər/,

/ˈwɑkər/, Scottish English

/ˈwɔkər/

Forms: Old English wealcere, Middle English waliker (as surname), Middle English walkare, Middle English walkere, Middle English–1500s walkar, Middle English– walker (now chiefly English regional (northern and midlands)), 1900s– waulker; Scottish pre-1700 vaillker, pre-1700 valcar, pre-1700 valkar, pre-1700 wacker, pre-1700 wakir, pre-1700 wakker, pre-1700 walcar, pre-1700 walcker, pre-1700 walkar, pre-1700 walkare, pre-1700 walker, pre-1700 walkere, pre-1700 warlker, pre-1700 wikir, pre-1700 1700s wakar, pre-1700 1700s waker, pre-1700 1700s– waulker, 1700s–1800s wauker.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: waulk v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < waulk v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Dutch walker (1599 as walcker), Old High German walcāri (Middle High German walker, German Walker), and also Old French (Douai) waukier (13th cent.; < a Germanic language).Attested early as a surname, e.g. Willielmus Waliker (1224), Richard le Walkere (c1248), Willelmus le Walkere (1254), Mariota le Walker (1301), etc., and in place names, as Walkergate (street name in Lincoln, c1250; now Water Lane). The form waulker , which is the usual spelling in Scots, has to some extent been adopted in standard English historical use, and is now more common than walker (formerly the usual English spelling), except in certain fixed collocations (e.g. walker's clay n., walker's earth n.) and in specifically English regional contexts.

In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern and midlands). Now historical.

A fuller of cloth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > one who

waulkereOE

fullerOE

waulkster1355

tucker1388

cloth-thicker?1518

thicker1520

waulk miller1753

plash-miller1822

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 204 Fullonis, wealceres.

c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1135 To Lincolne he com. At a walkeres house his in he nom there.

1379 Poll-tax W. Riding in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1886) 5 25/2 Johannes Louot' & Alicia vx^r ejus, Walkere, xij.d.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 409 Þey smyte out his brayn wiþ a walkere his perche [L. pertica fullonis].

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 135 (MED) A Walker: fullo.

1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 The Walker and Fuller shall truely walke fulle thikke and werke every webbe of wollen yerne.

a1525 (?1435) Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 172 No walker off the Cite of Couentre..Shall Rakke no Clothe on the Tey[n]tur that schall be solde ffor wette-clothe.

1560 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 227 Williame Cowpar ane walcar dwelland in Edinburgh.

1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments ii. 90 The Hus-wife..can challenge no propertie more then to intreate them..to discharge their duties with a good conscience; that is say..that the Walker or Fuller, Mill it carefullie, and looke well to his scowring-earth for feare of beating holes into the cloth.

a1700 Boy & Mantle xxix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1884) I She curst the weaver and the walker, That clothe that had wrought.

1787 ‘J. Clinker’ Oration Virtues Old Women 4 They..scour'd their din-skins as a wauker does worsted blankets.

1791 P. White Present State Sc. Fisheries 181 The said person or persons should be taken bound..to bring into the said village, and keep there as aforesaid, four wool-combers, one dyer, and one waulker, for instructing apprentices.

1871 J. H. Thomson in Cloud of Witnesses 566 (note) John Parker was a waulker in East Kilbride.

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Walker, a fuller.

1888 W. W. Smith Poems 146 When guid King Aylsander was marriet.., The waukers, wabsters, and the smiths and souters.., And every cadger frae the kintra roun', Wad celebrate The Weddin'!

1913 Eng. Hist. Rev. 28 456 Most of them [sc. burghs] were..granted liberty to have a market, and given authority to have a gild merchant, sometimes with the exception of the weavers and waulkers.

1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Walker, a fuller.

2001 Anchorage (Alaska) Daily News (Nexis) 2 Sept. d1 Some of the waulkers joined in [singing], but others had all they could do to keep the cloth moving.

Compounds

General attributive, and in genitive compounds, frequently in names of implements, materials, etc., used in fulling cloth. Now rare.

ΚΠ

a1387 [see main sense].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 21144 (MED) A wicked iuu..Smate him wid a walker stang.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 21144 Þei..Siþen smoot him with a walker staue.

c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 215 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 156 Þane ane, a walkare perk, hynt & gafe sancte Iamis sic a dynte þat he þe harne-pane brak in twyn.

1497–8 in N. Riding Rec. (1894) New Ser. I. 188 A payer Sheres, called Walkar Sheres.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 140 (MED) A curset man..wyth a walkerys staf smot hym on þe hed.

1587 St. Andrews Test. II. f. 86 He..levis to the said David Watsoun his walker scheris with his haill werklwmis.

1654 Edinb. Test. LXVIII. f. 2, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Walkar My whole woork loomes both of my clothier & walker craft apperteineing to my lik house.

1668 Edinb. Test. LXXIII. f. 171, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Walkar Ane paire of wakers sheires.

1764 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. 83/3 The next part of the Waulker-mistery consists in the tenting, racking, pressing, and sheering of the cloth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	waulker
释义	waulkern. Brit. /ˈwɔːkə/, U.S. /ˈwɔkər/, /ˈwɑkər/, Scottish English /ˈwɔkər/ Forms: Old English wealcere, Middle English waliker (as surname), Middle English walkare, Middle English walkere, Middle English–1500s walkar, Middle English– walker (now chiefly English regional (northern and midlands)), 1900s– waulker; Scottish pre-1700 vaillker, pre-1700 valcar, pre-1700 valkar, pre-1700 wacker, pre-1700 wakir, pre-1700 wakker, pre-1700 walcar, pre-1700 walcker, pre-1700 walkar, pre-1700 walkare, pre-1700 walker, pre-1700 walkere, pre-1700 warlker, pre-1700 wikir, pre-1700 1700s wakar, pre-1700 1700s waker, pre-1700 1700s– waulker, 1700s–1800s wauker. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: waulk v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < waulk v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Dutch walker (1599 as walcker), Old High German walcāri (Middle High German walker, German Walker), and also Old French (Douai) waukier (13th cent.; < a Germanic language).Attested early as a surname, e.g. Willielmus Waliker (1224), Richard le Walkere (c1248), Willelmus le Walkere (1254), Mariota le Walker (1301), etc., and in place names, as Walkergate (street name in Lincoln, c1250; now Water Lane). The form waulker , which is the usual spelling in Scots, has to some extent been adopted in standard English historical use, and is now more common than walker (formerly the usual English spelling), except in certain fixed collocations (e.g. walker's clay n., walker's earth n.) and in specifically English regional contexts. In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern and midlands). Now historical. A fuller of cloth. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > one who waulkereOE fullerOE waulkster1355 tucker1388 cloth-thicker?1518 thicker1520 waulk miller1753 plash-miller1822 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 204 Fullonis, wealceres. c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1135 To Lincolne he com. At a walkeres house his in he nom there. 1379 Poll-tax W. Riding in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1886) 5 25/2 Johannes Louot' & Alicia vx^r ejus, Walkere, xij.d. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 409 Þey smyte out his brayn wiþ a walkere his perche [L. pertica fullonis]. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 135 (MED) A Walker: fullo. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 The Walker and Fuller shall truely walke fulle thikke and werke every webbe of wollen yerne. a1525 (?1435) Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 172 No walker off the Cite of Couentre..Shall Rakke no Clothe on the Tey[n]tur that schall be solde ffor wette-clothe. 1560 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 227 Williame Cowpar ane walcar dwelland in Edinburgh. 1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments ii. 90 The Hus-wife..can challenge no propertie more then to intreate them..to discharge their duties with a good conscience; that is say..that the Walker or Fuller, Mill it carefullie, and looke well to his scowring-earth for feare of beating holes into the cloth. a1700 Boy & Mantle xxix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1884) I She curst the weaver and the walker, That clothe that had wrought. 1787 ‘J. Clinker’ Oration Virtues Old Women 4 They..scour'd their din-skins as a wauker does worsted blankets. 1791 P. White Present State Sc. Fisheries 181 The said person or persons should be taken bound..to bring into the said village, and keep there as aforesaid, four wool-combers, one dyer, and one waulker, for instructing apprentices. 1871 J. H. Thomson in Cloud of Witnesses 566 (note) John Parker was a waulker in East Kilbride. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Walker, a fuller. 1888 W. W. Smith Poems 146 When guid King Aylsander was marriet.., The waukers, wabsters, and the smiths and souters.., And every cadger frae the kintra roun', Wad celebrate The Weddin'! 1913 Eng. Hist. Rev. 28 456 Most of them [sc. burghs] were..granted liberty to have a market, and given authority to have a gild merchant, sometimes with the exception of the weavers and waulkers. 1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Walker, a fuller. 2001 Anchorage (Alaska) Daily News (Nexis) 2 Sept. d1 Some of the waulkers joined in [singing], but others had all they could do to keep the cloth moving. Compounds General attributive, and in genitive compounds, frequently in names of implements, materials, etc., used in fulling cloth. Now rare. ΚΠ a1387 [see main sense]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 21144 (MED) A wicked iuu..Smate him wid a walker stang. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 21144 Þei..Siþen smoot him with a walker staue. c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 215 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 156 Þane ane, a walkare perk, hynt & gafe sancte Iamis sic a dynte þat he þe harne-pane brak in twyn. 1497–8 in N. Riding Rec. (1894) New Ser. I. 188 A payer Sheres, called Walkar Sheres. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 140 (MED) A curset man..wyth a walkerys staf smot hym on þe hed. 1587 St. Andrews Test. II. f. 86 He..levis to the said David Watsoun his walker scheris with his haill werklwmis. 1654 Edinb. Test. LXVIII. f. 2, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Walkar My whole woork loomes both of my clothier & walker craft apperteineing to my lik house. 1668 Edinb. Test. LXXIII. f. 171, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Walkar Ane paire of wakers sheires. 1764 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. 83/3 The next part of the Waulker-mistery consists in the tenting, racking, pressing, and sheering of the cloth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
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