† westen.

Forms: early Middle English wesste ( Ormulum), early Middle English weste.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: weste adj.; English westen , western n.¹

Etymology: Either < weste adj., or shortened < westen, variant of western n.¹Probably also attested in the place name Holewyste, Kent (1298; also Holeweste (1389); now lost).

Obsolete.

A desert, a wasteland; wilderness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun]

westerneOE

weste landOE

wastinea1175

westec1175

wastec1200

wildernc1200

wildernessc1200

wildernessc1230

warlottc1290

forestc1320

wastyc1325

deserta1398

wastern?a1400

wildnessa1513

the wilds of1600

vastness1605

vastacy1607

roughet1616

wild1637

wildland1686

bush1780

wastage1823

mesquite1834

wasteland1887

mulga1896

virgin bush1905

boondock1944

boonies1954

virgin land1955

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17408 Alls he comm wiþþ all þe follc. Inn till an wilde wesste.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 (MED) Weste was his [sc. John the Baptist's] wunienge, and stark haire of oluente his wede.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† westeadj.

Forms: early Old English woeste (Mercian), early Old English woste (Mercian), Old English wæste (rare), Old English wesðe (rare), Old English–early Middle English weste, early Middle English wesste ( Ormulum), early Middle English west.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian wōst (West Frisian woast , woest ), Old Dutch wuosti (Middle Dutch woeste , Dutch woest ), Old Saxon wōsti (Middle Low German wōste , wūste ), Old High German wuosti , wuasti , wuoste , wuesti (Middle High German wüeste , wuoste , German wüst ) < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin vāstus (see waste adj.) and Early Irish fās empty, deserted, waste.

Obsolete.

Of a place: uninhabited and uncultivated; wild, desolate, waste. See also weste land n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [adjective]

westeeOE

wildc893

wastyc1230

wastec1290

untilled1297

void1398

wilsomea1400

desolate1413

wastablea1450

unlaboured1474

untilthed1495

spare1508

unmanured1541

unculted1548

uncultured1555

Hyrcan1567

untoiled1578

manureless1595

griggy1597

Wealdish1598

Hyrcanian1600

unwrought1600

wealy1601

uncultived1605

incult1624

unmanaged1634

incultivateda1657

uncultivate1659

uncultivated1684

unreclaimed1753

wildered1810

irreclaimed1814

natural1827

feral1882

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxviii. 25 (26) Fiat habitatio eorum deserta, et in tabernaculis eorum non sit qui inhabitet : sie eardung heara woestu & in geteldum heara ne sie se ineardie.

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxxiv. 6 (7) Neque ab oriente neque ab occidente neque a desertis montibus : ne from eastdęle ne from westdæle ne from woestum muntum.

OE Beowulf (2008) 2456 Gesyhð sorhcearig on his suna bure winsele westne.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 15 Ðeos stow ys weste.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xii. 52 Is sæd of þære tide þe hi ðanon gewiton oð to dæge, þæt hit [sc. þæt land] weste wunige.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1417 All forrþi wass heoffness ærd Swa summ itt wesste wære.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 (MED) He nolde noht folgen here forbisne ne on speche ne on dede, and þerfore ferde into weste wilderne.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1528 Þe were..haueþ at tom his riȝte spuse, Wowes weste [a1300 Jesus Oxf. west] & lere huse.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8650 Ich wulle..maken him weste paðes & wildernes monie.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5282 Al þat lond heo makeden west.

?a1300 Maximian (Digby) l. 211 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 99 (MED) Þis world me þinkeþ west; Deþ ich wilni mest.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† westev.

Forms: Old English gewest (past participle), Old English westan, Old English–early Middle English weste (past tense), early Middle English iwest (past participle), early Middle English wæste (past tense), early Middle English weaste (past tense), early Middle English weste.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon wōstian to devastate, to desert (Middle Low German wōsten ), Middle Dutch, Dutch woesten , Old High German wuosten , both in sense ‘to devastate’ (Middle High German wüesten , German wüsten ) < the Germanic base of weste adj.In Old English the prefixed forms awēstan aweste v. and onwēstan to lay waste to (compare on- prefix) are also attested. Compare also early Middle English i-wēste (compare y- prefix); it is unclear whether Old English and Middle English prefixed past participle forms represent the prefixed or the unprefixed verb (although the former is not otherwise attested in Old English), as formally they may belong to either.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To lay waste to (a place).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.)

harryc893

fordoc900

awesteeOE

westeeOE

losec950

harrowc1000

destroyc1230

wastec1275

ravishc1325

to lie waste1338

exilea1382

to-wastea1382

unronea1400

desolatea1425

vast1434

fruster?a1513

to lay waste1535

wipe1535

devast1537

depopulate1548

populate1552

forwaste1563

ruinate1564

havoc1575

scourge1576

dispopulate1588

destitute1593

ravage1602

harassa1618

devastate1638

execute1679

to make stroy of1682

to lay in ashes1711

untown1783

hell-rake1830

uncity1850

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. x. 29 Hie..þær wæron fiftene gear þæt lond herigende & westende.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxviii. 7 Forþon hi Iacob geara ætan, and his wicstede westan gelome.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxix. 13 Hine utan of wuda eoferas wrotað, and wilde deor westað and frettað.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10449 Heo..sæiden þat heo wolden..westen Arðures lond.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 879 Þus heo westen þat lond.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3915 Ðis folc..his lond tok,..And westen al to flum iordan.

2. intransitive and transitive (reflexive). To waste away. Also transitive: to cause (a humour) to waste away.

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 110 Wið uten wisdom flesch ase wurm for fret hire & westeð hire seoluen.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 72 (MED) Þise philosophes..zuo moche wylnede lyf naȝt dyeadlich þet hi westen be hare wylle.

a1425 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Wellcome 225) 223 (MED) Wynd in mannis body is caused of þis wys: kynd hete is lytyll or ellys less þan nede were & unmyghty for to resolve, id est to breke & undo & weste away & distroy þat wyk hu[mor].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.c1175

adj.eOE

v.eOE

单词	weste
释义	† westen. Forms: early Middle English wesste ( Ormulum), early Middle English weste. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: weste adj.; English westen , western n.¹ Etymology: Either < weste adj., or shortened < westen, variant of western n.¹Probably also attested in the place name Holewyste, Kent (1298; also Holeweste (1389); now lost). Obsolete. A desert, a wasteland; wilderness. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] westerneOE weste landOE wastinea1175 westec1175 wastec1200 wildernc1200 wildernessc1200 wildernessc1230 warlottc1290 forestc1320 wastyc1325 deserta1398 wastern?a1400 wildnessa1513 the wilds of1600 vastness1605 vastacy1607 roughet1616 wild1637 wildland1686 bush1780 wastage1823 mesquite1834 wasteland1887 mulga1896 virgin bush1905 boondock1944 boonies1954 virgin land1955 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17408 Alls he comm wiþþ all þe follc. Inn till an wilde wesste. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 (MED) Weste was his [sc. John the Baptist's] wunienge, and stark haire of oluente his wede. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † westeadj. Forms: early Old English woeste (Mercian), early Old English woste (Mercian), Old English wæste (rare), Old English wesðe (rare), Old English–early Middle English weste, early Middle English wesste ( Ormulum), early Middle English west. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian wōst (West Frisian woast , woest ), Old Dutch wuosti (Middle Dutch woeste , Dutch woest ), Old Saxon wōsti (Middle Low German wōste , wūste ), Old High German wuosti , wuasti , wuoste , wuesti (Middle High German wüeste , wuoste , German wüst ) < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin vāstus (see waste adj.) and Early Irish fās empty, deserted, waste. Obsolete. Of a place: uninhabited and uncultivated; wild, desolate, waste. See also weste land n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [adjective] westeeOE wildc893 wastyc1230 wastec1290 untilled1297 void1398 wilsomea1400 desolate1413 wastablea1450 unlaboured1474 untilthed1495 spare1508 unmanured1541 unculted1548 uncultured1555 Hyrcan1567 untoiled1578 manureless1595 griggy1597 Wealdish1598 Hyrcanian1600 unwrought1600 wealy1601 uncultived1605 incult1624 unmanaged1634 incultivateda1657 uncultivate1659 uncultivated1684 unreclaimed1753 wildered1810 irreclaimed1814 natural1827 feral1882 eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxviii. 25 (26) Fiat habitatio eorum deserta, et in tabernaculis eorum non sit qui inhabitet : sie eardung heara woestu & in geteldum heara ne sie se ineardie. eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxxiv. 6 (7) Neque ab oriente neque ab occidente neque a desertis montibus : ne from eastdęle ne from westdæle ne from woestum muntum. OE Beowulf (2008) 2456 Gesyhð sorhcearig on his suna bure winsele westne. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 15 Ðeos stow ys weste. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xii. 52 Is sæd of þære tide þe hi ðanon gewiton oð to dæge, þæt hit [sc. þæt land] weste wunige. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1417 All forrþi wass heoffness ærd Swa summ itt wesste wære. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 (MED) He nolde noht folgen here forbisne ne on speche ne on dede, and þerfore ferde into weste wilderne. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1528 Þe were..haueþ at tom his riȝte spuse, Wowes weste [a1300 Jesus Oxf. west] & lere huse. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8650 Ich wulle..maken him weste paðes & wildernes monie. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5282 Al þat lond heo makeden west. ?a1300 Maximian (Digby) l. 211 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 99 (MED) Þis world me þinkeþ west; Deþ ich wilni mest. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † westev. Forms: Old English gewest (past participle), Old English westan, Old English–early Middle English weste (past tense), early Middle English iwest (past participle), early Middle English wæste (past tense), early Middle English weaste (past tense), early Middle English weste. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon wōstian to devastate, to desert (Middle Low German wōsten ), Middle Dutch, Dutch woesten , Old High German wuosten , both in sense ‘to devastate’ (Middle High German wüesten , German wüsten ) < the Germanic base of weste adj.In Old English the prefixed forms awēstan aweste v. and onwēstan to lay waste to (compare on- prefix) are also attested. Compare also early Middle English i-wēste (compare y- prefix); it is unclear whether Old English and Middle English prefixed past participle forms represent the prefixed or the unprefixed verb (although the former is not otherwise attested in Old English), as formally they may belong to either. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To lay waste to (a place). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.) harryc893 fordoc900 awesteeOE westeeOE losec950 harrowc1000 destroyc1230 wastec1275 ravishc1325 to lie waste1338 exilea1382 to-wastea1382 unronea1400 desolatea1425 vast1434 fruster?a1513 to lay waste1535 wipe1535 devast1537 depopulate1548 populate1552 forwaste1563 ruinate1564 havoc1575 scourge1576 dispopulate1588 destitute1593 ravage1602 harassa1618 devastate1638 execute1679 to make stroy of1682 to lay in ashes1711 untown1783 hell-rake1830 uncity1850 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. x. 29 Hie..þær wæron fiftene gear þæt lond herigende & westende. OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxviii. 7 Forþon hi Iacob geara ætan, and his wicstede westan gelome. OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxix. 13 Hine utan of wuda eoferas wrotað, and wilde deor westað and frettað. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10449 Heo..sæiden þat heo wolden..westen Arðures lond. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 879 Þus heo westen þat lond. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3915 Ðis folc..his lond tok,..And westen al to flum iordan. 2. intransitive and transitive (reflexive). To waste away. Also transitive: to cause (a humour) to waste away. ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 110 Wið uten wisdom flesch ase wurm for fret hire & westeð hire seoluen. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 72 (MED) Þise philosophes..zuo moche wylnede lyf naȝt dyeadlich þet hi westen be hare wylle. a1425 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Wellcome 225) 223 (MED) Wynd in mannis body is caused of þis wys: kynd hete is lytyll or ellys less þan nede were & unmyghty for to resolve, id est to breke & undo & weste away & distroy þat wyk hu[mor]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1175adj.eOEv.eOE
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