Westphaliann.adj.

Brit.

/wɛs(t)ˈfeɪlɪən/, U.S.

/ˌwɛs(t)ˈfeɪljən/,

/ˌwɛs(t)ˈfeɪliən/

Forms: 1500s– Westphalian, 1600s Westfalian.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Westphalia , -an suffix.

Etymology: < the name of Westphalia (see Westphalia n.) + -an suffix. With sense A. 1 compare Middle Low German Westvāl , Westvale , Westvēlink a Westphalian, Old High German Westfala , Westfalon the Westphalians, Middle High German Westvælinc a Westphalian, German Westfale a Westphalian. With use as adjective compare Middle Low German westvalesch , westvēlisch , westvēlsch , Middle High German westvælisch (German westfälisch ). Compare French westphalien (1601 as noun, 1715 as adjective). In senses A. 2 and B. 2 after French westphalien ( A. de Lapparent Traité de géol. (ed. 3, 1893) 819).

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the region of Westphalia in north-western Germany.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of

Easterling1253

Sprucier1443

Suevian1549

High German1550

Low German1550

Prussian1554

Lusatian1555

Westphalian1576

Borussian1607

Rhinelander1608

Eastman1610

Belgic1615

Franconian1615

Thuringian1618

Swab1637

spruce1640

Silesian1669

Swabian1675

palatinate1709

Hessian1729

Saxon1737

Austrasian1833

East German1838

Balt1854

West German1855

Württemberger1896

Sudeten1938

East German1947

West German1947

Saarlander1955

Ossi1989

Wessi1990

1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 341 The man, whom I meane, is named Conradus Goclenius a Westphalian.

1622 J. Taylor Great O'Toole sig. A6^v Thou kildst the gammon visag'd poore Westphalians.

1689 Irish Hudibras 3 [A tree-trunk] Digg'd up with Chissels undermining, Such as Westphalians feed their Swine in.

1766 T. Nugent Hist. Vandalia I. ii. xii. 389 Henry count of Ratzeburg introduced also a colony of Westphalians into the country of the Polabi.

1820 Mem. Court Westphalia 220 The Westphalians lost, in this battle, many valuable officers.

1854 J. S. Sleeper Salt Water Bubbles xix. 283 A ham of a size and flavor to make a Westphalian commit suicide through envy and despair.

1934 W. S. Churchill Marlborough II. xxiv. 539 The Würtembergers and Westphalians were only now approaching.

1996 T. R. Nevin E. Jünger & Germany v. 148 He meets German monks, mostly Westphalians and Swabians, in a Benedictine cloister.

2. Geology. The Westphalian division of the Carboniferous (see sense B. 2); the rocks deposited during this time.Synonymous with Moscovian, the term preferred in F. Gradstein et al. Geologic Time Scale 2004 (cf. quot. 1915).In Britain the Westphalian includes the Coal Measures and Millstone Grits.

ΚΠ

1915 C. Schuchert Text-bk. Geol. II. xl. 729 The Coal Measures formation is again divided into two series, the earlier half, or Middle Carboniferous, being widely known as the Westphalian..when coal bearing, and Moscovian..when of normal marine deposits.

1931 A. C. Seward Plant Life through Ages xii. 272 Species with ribbed stems..are characteristic of the Westphalian and relatively rare in the Stephanian.

1997 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 158 679/1 Sediments as old as the early Westphalian or Namurian.

2002 W. A. Read et al. in N. H. Trewin Geol. Scotl. (ed. 4) ix. 274/1 During the Mid to late Namurian and Westphalian the new Uddingston and Falkirk–Stane synclines started to subside.

B. adj.

1. Of, belonging to, or connected with Westphalia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Germanic region > [adjective] > districts of Germany

Westphalian1599

Thuringian1607

Franconian1608

Bavarian1638

Lusatian1862

1599 tr. Briefe Disc. Dealings Spanyards (title page) A copie of his excellencies [i.e. Maurice, Prince of Orange's] letter to the states of the Westphalian Creits at Dormont.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis viii. 621 The Westfalian Romanists [L. e Westfalico pago Romanenses], making use of this division..by offering a three moneths Tribute.

1668 J. Wilson tr. Erasmus Praise of Folly 17 As plump, and round as a Westphalian Hogg.

1766 W. Falconer Demagogue 7 Her vital blood, that pour'd from every vein, So late, to fill th' accurst Westphalian drain.

1788 H. Walpole Reminiscences (1924) vii. 55 A bluff Westphalian accent.

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV lxv. 37 They also set a glazed Westphalian ham on.

1863 Times 9 Oct. 8/5 The Bulgarians broke no special engagement when they invaded the Westphalian castle.

1946 H. La Farge Lost Treasures Europe 31 The mighty western tower [of Paderborn Cathedral]..is a very good example of Westphalian high Romanesque architecture.

1992 R. Harris Fatherland ii. 79 He bought a loaf of black bread, some Westphalian ham and a quarter-bottle of Scotch whisky.

2. Geology. Designating a division of the Upper Carboniferous in Europe, above the Namurian and below the Stephanian; of or relating to this division.See note at sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > carboniferous > specific

Bernician1856

seral1858

vespertine1858

Mississippian1891

Pennsylvanian1891

Westphalian1895

Stephanian1901

Viséan1905

Tournaisian1910

Namurian1915

1895 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 48 410 It is to the Westphalian series that belongs the vast Coal measure band which extends from England to the Donetz.

1931 A. C. Seward Plant Life through Ages xii. 272 Pteridosperm fronds are among the more abundant Westphalian and Stephanian fossils.

1979 R. Anderton et al. Dynamic Stratigr. Brit. Isles xi. 163/2 The upper Carboniferous humid tropical climate is traditionally thought to have ended in late Westphalian to Stephanian times.

2006 C. N. Waters & S. J. Davies in P. J. Brenchley & P. F. Rawson Geol. Eng. & Wales (ed. 2) ix. 213/1 In contrast to the Namurian, the Westphalian Series includes relatively few marine bands with thick-shelled ammonoids.

3. In political theory: of or relating to the concept of nation-state sovereignty established by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

ΚΠ

1919 P. Lefaivre tr. J. Bainville Two Hist. Face to Face ii. 94 The masterpiece of the Westphalian system was perhaps that the Germans themselves showed their satisfaction with it.

1972 World Politics 24 179 The present political organization of the world into sovereign, territorially-based nation-states—sometimes called the Westphalian System, after the Treaty that marked an end to the universalism of the Middle Ages.

1993 J. D. Armstrong Revol. & World Order iv. 152 The Westphalian model of international relations, in which states had the right to pursue whatever internal policies they chose.

2004 Foreign Affairs Mar. 79 Having moved beyond the Westphalian order into a postmodern, supranational order, Europe is the Kantian miracle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	westphalian
释义	Westphaliann.adj. Brit. /wɛs(t)ˈfeɪlɪən/, U.S. /ˌwɛs(t)ˈfeɪljən/, /ˌwɛs(t)ˈfeɪliən/ Forms: 1500s– Westphalian, 1600s Westfalian. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Westphalia , -an suffix. Etymology: < the name of Westphalia (see Westphalia n.) + -an suffix. With sense A. 1 compare Middle Low German Westvāl , Westvale , Westvēlink a Westphalian, Old High German Westfala , Westfalon the Westphalians, Middle High German Westvælinc a Westphalian, German Westfale a Westphalian. With use as adjective compare Middle Low German westvalesch , westvēlisch , westvēlsch , Middle High German westvælisch (German westfälisch ). Compare French westphalien (1601 as noun, 1715 as adjective). In senses A. 2 and B. 2 after French westphalien ( A. de Lapparent Traité de géol. (ed. 3, 1893) 819). A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of the region of Westphalia in north-western Germany. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of Easterling1253 Sprucier1443 Suevian1549 High German1550 Low German1550 Prussian1554 Lusatian1555 Westphalian1576 Borussian1607 Rhinelander1608 Eastman1610 Belgic1615 Franconian1615 Thuringian1618 Swab1637 spruce1640 Silesian1669 Swabian1675 palatinate1709 Hessian1729 Saxon1737 Austrasian1833 East German1838 Balt1854 West German1855 Württemberger1896 Sudeten1938 East German1947 West German1947 Saarlander1955 Ossi1989 Wessi1990 1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 341 The man, whom I meane, is named Conradus Goclenius a Westphalian. 1622 J. Taylor Great O'Toole sig. A6^v Thou kildst the gammon visag'd poore Westphalians. 1689 Irish Hudibras 3 [A tree-trunk] Digg'd up with Chissels undermining, Such as Westphalians feed their Swine in. 1766 T. Nugent Hist. Vandalia I. ii. xii. 389 Henry count of Ratzeburg introduced also a colony of Westphalians into the country of the Polabi. 1820 Mem. Court Westphalia 220 The Westphalians lost, in this battle, many valuable officers. 1854 J. S. Sleeper Salt Water Bubbles xix. 283 A ham of a size and flavor to make a Westphalian commit suicide through envy and despair. 1934 W. S. Churchill Marlborough II. xxiv. 539 The Würtembergers and Westphalians were only now approaching. 1996 T. R. Nevin E. Jünger & Germany v. 148 He meets German monks, mostly Westphalians and Swabians, in a Benedictine cloister. 2. Geology. The Westphalian division of the Carboniferous (see sense B. 2); the rocks deposited during this time.Synonymous with Moscovian, the term preferred in F. Gradstein et al. Geologic Time Scale 2004 (cf. quot. 1915).In Britain the Westphalian includes the Coal Measures and Millstone Grits. ΚΠ 1915 C. Schuchert Text-bk. Geol. II. xl. 729 The Coal Measures formation is again divided into two series, the earlier half, or Middle Carboniferous, being widely known as the Westphalian..when coal bearing, and Moscovian..when of normal marine deposits. 1931 A. C. Seward Plant Life through Ages xii. 272 Species with ribbed stems..are characteristic of the Westphalian and relatively rare in the Stephanian. 1997 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 158 679/1 Sediments as old as the early Westphalian or Namurian. 2002 W. A. Read et al. in N. H. Trewin Geol. Scotl. (ed. 4) ix. 274/1 During the Mid to late Namurian and Westphalian the new Uddingston and Falkirk–Stane synclines started to subside. B. adj. 1. Of, belonging to, or connected with Westphalia. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Germanic region > [adjective] > districts of Germany Westphalian1599 Thuringian1607 Franconian1608 Bavarian1638 Lusatian1862 1599 tr. Briefe Disc. Dealings Spanyards (title page) A copie of his excellencies [i.e. Maurice, Prince of Orange's] letter to the states of the Westphalian Creits at Dormont. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis viii. 621 The Westfalian Romanists [L. e Westfalico pago Romanenses], making use of this division..by offering a three moneths Tribute. 1668 J. Wilson tr. Erasmus Praise of Folly 17 As plump, and round as a Westphalian Hogg. 1766 W. Falconer Demagogue 7 Her vital blood, that pour'd from every vein, So late, to fill th' accurst Westphalian drain. 1788 H. Walpole Reminiscences (1924) vii. 55 A bluff Westphalian accent. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV lxv. 37 They also set a glazed Westphalian ham on. 1863 Times 9 Oct. 8/5 The Bulgarians broke no special engagement when they invaded the Westphalian castle. 1946 H. La Farge Lost Treasures Europe 31 The mighty western tower [of Paderborn Cathedral]..is a very good example of Westphalian high Romanesque architecture. 1992 R. Harris Fatherland ii. 79 He bought a loaf of black bread, some Westphalian ham and a quarter-bottle of Scotch whisky. 2. Geology. Designating a division of the Upper Carboniferous in Europe, above the Namurian and below the Stephanian; of or relating to this division.See note at sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > carboniferous > specific Bernician1856 seral1858 vespertine1858 Mississippian1891 Pennsylvanian1891 Westphalian1895 Stephanian1901 Viséan1905 Tournaisian1910 Namurian1915 1895 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 48 410 It is to the Westphalian series that belongs the vast Coal measure band which extends from England to the Donetz. 1931 A. C. Seward Plant Life through Ages xii. 272 Pteridosperm fronds are among the more abundant Westphalian and Stephanian fossils. 1979 R. Anderton et al. Dynamic Stratigr. Brit. Isles xi. 163/2 The upper Carboniferous humid tropical climate is traditionally thought to have ended in late Westphalian to Stephanian times. 2006 C. N. Waters & S. J. Davies in P. J. Brenchley & P. F. Rawson Geol. Eng. & Wales (ed. 2) ix. 213/1 In contrast to the Namurian, the Westphalian Series includes relatively few marine bands with thick-shelled ammonoids. 3. In political theory: of or relating to the concept of nation-state sovereignty established by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. ΚΠ 1919 P. Lefaivre tr. J. Bainville Two Hist. Face to Face ii. 94 The masterpiece of the Westphalian system was perhaps that the Germans themselves showed their satisfaction with it. 1972 World Politics 24 179 The present political organization of the world into sovereign, territorially-based nation-states—sometimes called the Westphalian System, after the Treaty that marked an end to the universalism of the Middle Ages. 1993 J. D. Armstrong Revol. & World Order iv. 152 The Westphalian model of international relations, in which states had the right to pursue whatever internal policies they chose. 2004 Foreign Affairs Mar. 79 Having moved beyond the Westphalian order into a postmodern, supranational order, Europe is the Kantian miracle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1576
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