Whitsundayn.

Brit.

/wɪtˈsʌndeɪ/,

/wɪtˈsʌndi/, U.S.

/ˌ(h)wɪtˈsənˌdeɪ/,

/ˌ(h)wɪtˈsəndi/, Scottish English

/ˈhwɪ(t)ˌsʌnde/

Forms:

α. Old English Hwita Sunnandæg, early Middle English Hwite sune dai, early Middle English Hwitesunedei, early Middle English Whiten-sunen-dæi, early Middle English Whitensunendæi, early Middle English White-sune-dæi, early Middle English White-sunedæi, early Middle English Witeson-daiȝ, early Middle English Wit-suneday, early Middle English Witsuneday, early Middle English Witsunendai, early Middle English Wit-sunne-dei, early Middle English Witsunne dei, early Middle English Wittesunnedei, early Middle English Witte sunnedei, Middle English Qwytesonday, Middle English Qwytesoneday, Middle English Whitsonen day, Middle English Whytesonday, Middle English Whytsonenday, Middle English Wijt sundai, Middle English Witesoneday, Middle English Witesonneday, Middle English Withsonday, Middle English Wit-sonedai, Middle English Witsonedai, Middle English Witsoneday, Middle English Witsonen-day, Middle English Witsonenday, Middle English Witsonen day, Middle English Witsononday, Middle English Witsundai, Middle English Wit-sunday, Middle English Witsunday, Middle English Wittesondaie, Middle English Wittesoneday, Middle English Wittsunday, Middle English Wiȝtsonneday, Middle English Wythsounday, Middle English Wythssonday, Middle English Wytsondaye, Middle English Wytsunday, Middle English Wyttesunday, Middle English–1500s Witsonday, Middle English–1500s Witsondaye, Middle English–1500s Wytsonday, Middle English–1600s Whitsonday, 1500s Vittsonday, 1500s Vytsonday, 1500s Whitesonday, 1500s Whit-sonday, 1500s Whitsondaye, 1500s Whitson daye, 1500s Whytsonday, 1500s Whytsondaye, 1500s Witsounday, 1500s Wittsonday, 1500s Wittson daye, 1500s Wytsounday, 1500s–1600s Whitson day, 1500s–1600s Whit sonday, 1500s–1600s Whittsonday, 1500s– Whitsunday, 1500s– Whit-Sunday, 1600s Whitson-day, 1600s– Whit Sunday, 1800s Whitsun-Day, 1800s Whit-zinday (English regional (Devon)), 1800s Whit-zunday (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 Quhitsonday, pre-1700 Quhitsunday, pre-1700 Quhytsonday, pre-1700 Quitsonday, pre-1700 Qwhitsunday, pre-1700 Qwitsounday, pre-1700 Qwytsonnday, pre-1700 Uhytsunday, pre-1700 Uyssond day, pre-1700 Vitsondai, pre-1700 Vitsonday, pre-1700 Vitsondaye, pre-1700 Vitsonsdaye, pre-1700 Vitsounday, pre-1700 Vitsunday, pre-1700 Vitsundaye, pre-1700 Votsondai, pre-1700 Vytsonday, pre-1700 Vytsondaye, pre-1700 Vytsunday, pre-1700 Weitsounday, pre-1700 Wetsunday, pre-1700 Wheitsunday, pre-1700 Whietsunday, pre-1700 Whitsanday, pre-1700 Whitsondaie, pre-1700 Whitsonday, pre-1700 Whitsondaye, pre-1700 Whitsounday, pre-1700 Whitsunda, pre-1700 Whittsonday, pre-1700 Whyte-Sunday, pre-1700 Whytsonday, pre-1700 Witsinday, pre-1700 Witsomday (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 Witsonda, pre-1700 Witsondai, pre-1700 Witsonday, pre-1700 Witsondy, pre-1700 Witsoneday, pre-1700 Witsonnday, pre-1700 Witsounda, pre-1700 Witsoundai, pre-1700 Witsounday, pre-1700 Witsoundaye, pre-1700 Witsouneday, pre-1700 Witsovnday, pre-1700 Witsownday, pre-1700 Witsundai, pre-1700 Witsvnday, pre-1700 Wossondai, pre-1700 Wossonday, pre-1700 Wotsondai, pre-1700 Wotsonday, pre-1700 Wotsondaye, pre-1700 Wyssunday, pre-1700 Wytsonday, pre-1700 Wytsondaye, pre-1700 Wytsounday, pre-1700 Wytsownday, pre-1700 Wytsunday, pre-1700 1700s– Whitsunday, pre-1700 1900s– Witsunday, 1800s Wutsunday, 1900s– Watsunday (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– Wutsunda; N.E.D. (1924) also records forms Middle English Wit sonday, late Middle English Wyth-sonday; and a form of the first element late Middle English Qwytsonn-.

β. Middle English Qvhissonday, Middle English Qwyssinday, Middle English Qwyssonday, Middle English Whissonday, Middle English Whyssonday, Middle English Whyssoneday, Middle English Whysunday, Middle English Wissonday; English regional (northern) 1800s– Whisnday, 1800s– Whissenday, 1800s– Whisson-day, 1800s– Whissunday, 1800s– Whussenday, 1800s– Wissenday; Scottish pre-1700 Quhissondai, pre-1700 Quhissonday, pre-1700 Quhissunday, pre-1700 Quhysson day, pre-1700 Quyssunday, pre-1700 Quyssynday, pre-1700 Qvhissonday, pre-1700 Qwhisonday, pre-1700 Qwhissonday, pre-1700 Qwhyssonday, pre-1700 Qwissonday, pre-1700 Qwissunday, pre-1700 Qwysonday, pre-1700 Qwyssinday, pre-1700 Qwyssonday, pre-1700 Qwyssunday, pre-1700 Whyssonday, pre-1700 1800s Whissonday, 1800s Whusunday, 1800s Wissonday, 1800s Wyssonday, 1800s– Whussenday, 1900s– Whussinday.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., Sunday n.

Etymology: < white adj. (compare forms at that entry) + Sunday n., probably with reference to the ancient custom of the newly-baptized wearing white robes at the feast of Pentecost, which was an alternative baptismal date (besides the more common Easter) in some regions (see note). The occurrence in early Middle English of Whitsuntide n. and Whitsun n. suggests that the composition of the word had become opaque by this date.Formal parallels in other European languages. Use of classical Latin albus white (see album n.¹) or alba alb n. is widely attested with reference to various church festivals, apparently all connected with either the wearing or the shedding of white robes by the newly baptized. Compare post-classical Latin Dominica in albis (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources; more fully Dominica in albis depositis ), the name of the First Sunday after Easter (Low Sunday), and also pascha album Low Sunday (c1200 in a British source), as well as e.g. albae paschae (c700 in a British source), albae paschales (9th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), both in sense ‘Easter week’. In continental Germanic languages, formal parallels or analogues of Whitsunday are chiefly applied to the First Sunday after Easter or to the First Sunday in Lent. Compare: Middle Low German witte sondach Low Sunday, also the First Sunday or the Fifth Sunday in Lent, German Weisser Sonntag Low Sunday (1613 or earlier; earlier denoting the First Sunday in Lent (mid 14th cent.)), Danish (now rare) hvidesøndag First Sunday in Lent, Low Sunday, Pentecost (a1719), Old Swedish hvita sunnodagher First Sunday in Lent (Swedish regional hvitsöndag ). Compare also (supported only by glosses in dictionaries): early modern Dutch witten sondagh Whitsunday, Sunday of Pentecost (1599 in Kiliaan, who gives it as an obsolete regional (Flanders) term), Palm Sunday (1648 in Hexham), both in isolated attestations, French †dimanche de blanches Palm Sunday (1611 in Cotgrave in an apparently isolated attestation). Compare also Old Frisian hwīta thunresdei , Middle Dutch witte donresdach (Dutch witte donderdag ), Middle Low German witte donnerdach , early modern German weisser donnerstag (1588 or earlier), all in sense ‘Maundy Thursday’. The Old English term was apparently borrowed into early Scandinavian; compare Old Icelandic hvítasunnudagr in same sense, as well as the Old Icelandic compounds cited at Whitsun n. (Old Icelandic hvítadagr , lit. ‘white day’, hvítadróttinsdagr , lit. ‘white Lord's-day’, and hvítadagavika ‘Whitsun week’ cannot be taken as evidence of an independent Scandinavian origin, as they are probably due to post-Christianization attempts to obliterate pagan traces from the name of the festival.) In Old English the usual name of Whitsunday was pentecosten Pentecost n.; for the usual term in other Germanic languages, see discussion at Pinkster n. Semantic motivation. The semantic motivation for the different senses of these terms appears to be the white colour of vestments or paraments used on the feast day in question: in sense ‘Maundy Thursday’, probably the white altar hangings and vestments, as well as the white vestments worn by public penitents on that day, when they received absolution after performing their penance; with reference to Sundays in Lent, the white paraments formerly used on some of the Sundays in Lent; with reference to Low Sunday, the shedding of their white robes by the neophytes who had been baptized at Easter; with reference to Pentecost Sunday, probably the white colour of the baptismal robes. Pentecost was an alternative date for baptisms in the early medieval period (it is mentioned as such e.g. by Bede, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and in Icelandic sagas), perhaps because of the biblical account (Acts 2:41) of the baptism of about three thousand people on that day; it has also been suggested that the colder climate in Northern European countries may have favoured a baptism date later than Easter. Specific senses. As the name of a Scottish quarter day (see sense 2), apparently an extended use (although long dissociated from the church festival); for this sense N.E.D. (1924) records stress on the final syllable. Notes on forms. In Old English the first element is treated as a normal adjective inflected for case. The β. forms reflect assimilation of consonants. According to different apprehensions of the composition of the word (the origin of which was obscured by the shortening of the first syllable: compare discussion at white adj.), it has been divided either as Whitsun day or as Whit Sunday ; compare also Whitsun n. and Whitsuntide n., and later Whit n.²

a. The seventh Sunday after Easter, observed as a Christian festival in commemoration of the events described in Acts 2, when the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples. Cf. Pentecost n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Pentecost > [noun]

PentecosteOE

WhitsundayOE

Whitsundaya1250

Whitsuntidec1275

Lok-Soundayc1315

Lokes1340

Whitsun Sunday1532

White Sunday1546

W.c1565

Whit week1728

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1067 Ealdred arcebiscop hig gehalgode to cwene on Westmynstre on Hwitan Sunnandæg.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 45 Heo [sc. uwilc sunne-dei] is muneȝing..of þam hali gast þe he sende in his apostles on þon dei þe is icleped wit-sunne-dei.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8725 Þat al his folc..come to Amberes-buri..to White-sune-dæie [c1300 Otho Witesone-daiȝe].

c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 151 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 224 Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo & þis wit-sonedai also.

1398 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 488 At þe fest of qvhissonday.

a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 16 He made a feste, þe soth to say, Opon þe Witsononday At Kerdyf, that [es] in Wales.

1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xlvii On ascensyon day and wythssonday he put no lyght to hym. the whiche yn these festis specialy were wonte to brenne.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) clxxxi. 731 On a witsonday themperour and thempresse helde estate royall at there palayes for y^e solempnyte of that day.

a1558 Royal Househ. Regulations in I. W. Archer et al. Relig., Politics, & Society in 16th-cent. Eng. (2003) 31 These are the iiij offering dayes for the kyng: Easter day, Wittsonday, All hallonday and Christmas day.

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 35 A little meade called Riam, whither on Sunday next after Whitsunday resorted the youthes of both sexes.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 4 The next morning early, being Whit Sunday, was discovered land.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Term Oxford Terms... Easter Term begins the 10th Day after Easter, and ends the Thursday before Whitsunday.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. xlvii. 185 (heading) Whitsunday.

1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 188 The coronation took place at Westminster on Whitsun-Day.

1950 Life 12 June 29/1 Whitsunday..was a very discouraging day for an uprising.

2011 M. Morrissey Politics & Paul's Cross Serm. iii. 77 As bishop of London he would have officiated in St Paul's on Whitsunday.

b. The day on which the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples, as described in Acts 2. Cf. Pentecost n. 2b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Pentecost > [noun]

PentecosteOE

WhitsundayOE

Whitsundaya1250

Whitsuntidec1275

Lok-Soundayc1315

Lokes1340

Whitsun Sunday1532

White Sunday1546

W.c1565

Whit week1728

a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 209 Þe ȝeoue of þe holi goste þet þu on hwite sune dai sendest þine deorewurðe deciples.

a1300 Passion our Lord 657 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 56 At þon heye vndarne, a wit-suneday..Þe holy gost heom com vp-on in fury tunge.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 351 Bytwene þe ascencioun, þat is holy Þorsday, and Witsonday, Mathias was i-chose.

c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 40 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 8 Petir broucht to cristis fay thre thowsand men on witsonday.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts xx. B Paul had determed to sayle ouer by Ephesus..for he haisted to be at Ierusalem vpon the Whitsondaye.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Joel ii. 28 (side-note) The mission of the Holie Ghost performed on Whitsunday.

1752 T. Birch Life John Tillotson 388 The great effusion of the Holy Ghost on Whitsunday was then to be dwelt on.

1869 J. T. Jeffcock Serm. Town & Country v. 71 On Whitsunday, or Pentecost, was shed abroad the gift of the Holy Ghost in the hearts of the first apostles.

2009 T. C. Lyby in J. Stewart Kierkegaard & his Danish Contemporaries II. 197 The story of..what happened on Whitsunday cannot, as is usual, be seen as the founding of the Christian Church.

2. Originally and chiefly Scottish. The Scottish quarter day occurring in May. See note at quarter day n.In Scotland, Whitsunday, together with Martinmas, was one of the two quarter days most usually appointed as a term day (term day n. 2) for the hiring of servants or the start of tenancies.The date established for Whitsunday was formerly 15 or 26 May, but is now fixed for legislative purposes at 28 May.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > periodic payment > time of

term1393

Whitsunday1450

quarter1644

term day1681

term time1770

1450 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 84/1 Full powar..my malis..to raise and to ressave, my Witsondais to set and to halde.

1539 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 164 Mertimes and Vytsonday.

1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 174 Thre merkis, to be payit be the said maisteris of wark at Vitsounday and Mertimess be equall portionis.

1693 Laws & Acts 4th Sess. 1st Parl. William & Mary (Scotl.) c. 25. 38 Our Soveraign Lord and Lady, The King and Queens Majesties..Declare, that the fifteenth day of May, was since the date of the foresaid Act, and shall be in all time coming, in place of the former Term of Whitsunday, to all Effects whatsoever.

1705 Charter 6 Mar. in ‘I. Hay’ Royal Company Archers (1951) 232 Rendering..yearly, the said Royal Company, to us and our successors, one pair of barbed arrows at the term of Whitsunday, if asked only.

1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. I. ii. ix. §64 The one-half [of the rents] at Whitsunday, when the corns are presumed to be fully sown.

1806 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. III. 66 The term at which a new tenant enters upon the possession of the land is Martinmas; but the houses and pasturages are retained by the former possessor till Whitsunday following.

1871 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 206 866 The 15th of May, the Scotch Whitsuntide term, commonly called Whitsun-day, was the most important business day in the year.

1908 Scot. Law Reporter 45 297/1 In pastoral farms where Whitsunday was the term of entry, the first half-year's rent was legally due at entry.

2012 C. Van Der Merwe & A.-L. Verbeke Time-limited Interests Land ii. vi. 309 Where the tenant takes entry on Whitsunday (28 May) 2011, the first legal term on which rent is due is Whitsunday 2012.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1451 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 93 The Wendisdaye of Wytsondaye tyme.

1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cviii The malis of the samyn landis of the Witsonday terme last bipast.

1504 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1504/3/120 Upoune Thurisday in Witsonday wolk.

1534 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. 67 Upone Wytsunday evyn.

c1557 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 153 Debtes..to my lorde of durh'm for whitson daye rent of thold p'ke xl^s.

a1677 I. Barrow Serm. in Wks. (1686) III. xlv. 521 (heading) A Whitsunday-sermon on the gift of the Holy Ghost.

1798 Edinb. Mag. Sept. 219/2 (title) The Whitsunday Duel. 4to. 3s. 6d.

1835 M. Banim & J. Banim Mayor of Wind-gap II. vi. 138 On a Whit-sunday mornin', afore the day dawns in the sky.

1900 G. Hodges Path Life 172 The Whitsunday story,..the account of the beginning of the Christian Church.

1996 D. MacCulloch Thomas Cranmer x. 410 The festivities were somewhat dampened by the failure of Cranmer's chosen Whitsunday preacher to turn up.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	whitsunday
释义	Whitsundayn. Brit. /wɪtˈsʌndeɪ/, /wɪtˈsʌndi/, U.S. /ˌ(h)wɪtˈsənˌdeɪ/, /ˌ(h)wɪtˈsəndi/, Scottish English /ˈhwɪ(t)ˌsʌnde/ Forms: α. Old English Hwita Sunnandæg, early Middle English Hwite sune dai, early Middle English Hwitesunedei, early Middle English Whiten-sunen-dæi, early Middle English Whitensunendæi, early Middle English White-sune-dæi, early Middle English White-sunedæi, early Middle English Witeson-daiȝ, early Middle English Wit-suneday, early Middle English Witsuneday, early Middle English Witsunendai, early Middle English Wit-sunne-dei, early Middle English Witsunne dei, early Middle English Wittesunnedei, early Middle English Witte sunnedei, Middle English Qwytesonday, Middle English Qwytesoneday, Middle English Whitsonen day, Middle English Whytesonday, Middle English Whytsonenday, Middle English Wijt sundai, Middle English Witesoneday, Middle English Witesonneday, Middle English Withsonday, Middle English Wit-sonedai, Middle English Witsonedai, Middle English Witsoneday, Middle English Witsonen-day, Middle English Witsonenday, Middle English Witsonen day, Middle English Witsononday, Middle English Witsundai, Middle English Wit-sunday, Middle English Witsunday, Middle English Wittesondaie, Middle English Wittesoneday, Middle English Wittsunday, Middle English Wiȝtsonneday, Middle English Wythsounday, Middle English Wythssonday, Middle English Wytsondaye, Middle English Wytsunday, Middle English Wyttesunday, Middle English–1500s Witsonday, Middle English–1500s Witsondaye, Middle English–1500s Wytsonday, Middle English–1600s Whitsonday, 1500s Vittsonday, 1500s Vytsonday, 1500s Whitesonday, 1500s Whit-sonday, 1500s Whitsondaye, 1500s Whitson daye, 1500s Whytsonday, 1500s Whytsondaye, 1500s Witsounday, 1500s Wittsonday, 1500s Wittson daye, 1500s Wytsounday, 1500s–1600s Whitson day, 1500s–1600s Whit sonday, 1500s–1600s Whittsonday, 1500s– Whitsunday, 1500s– Whit-Sunday, 1600s Whitson-day, 1600s– Whit Sunday, 1800s Whitsun-Day, 1800s Whit-zinday (English regional (Devon)), 1800s Whit-zunday (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 Quhitsonday, pre-1700 Quhitsunday, pre-1700 Quhytsonday, pre-1700 Quitsonday, pre-1700 Qwhitsunday, pre-1700 Qwitsounday, pre-1700 Qwytsonnday, pre-1700 Uhytsunday, pre-1700 Uyssond day, pre-1700 Vitsondai, pre-1700 Vitsonday, pre-1700 Vitsondaye, pre-1700 Vitsonsdaye, pre-1700 Vitsounday, pre-1700 Vitsunday, pre-1700 Vitsundaye, pre-1700 Votsondai, pre-1700 Vytsonday, pre-1700 Vytsondaye, pre-1700 Vytsunday, pre-1700 Weitsounday, pre-1700 Wetsunday, pre-1700 Wheitsunday, pre-1700 Whietsunday, pre-1700 Whitsanday, pre-1700 Whitsondaie, pre-1700 Whitsonday, pre-1700 Whitsondaye, pre-1700 Whitsounday, pre-1700 Whitsunda, pre-1700 Whittsonday, pre-1700 Whyte-Sunday, pre-1700 Whytsonday, pre-1700 Witsinday, pre-1700 Witsomday (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 Witsonda, pre-1700 Witsondai, pre-1700 Witsonday, pre-1700 Witsondy, pre-1700 Witsoneday, pre-1700 Witsonnday, pre-1700 Witsounda, pre-1700 Witsoundai, pre-1700 Witsounday, pre-1700 Witsoundaye, pre-1700 Witsouneday, pre-1700 Witsovnday, pre-1700 Witsownday, pre-1700 Witsundai, pre-1700 Witsvnday, pre-1700 Wossondai, pre-1700 Wossonday, pre-1700 Wotsondai, pre-1700 Wotsonday, pre-1700 Wotsondaye, pre-1700 Wyssunday, pre-1700 Wytsonday, pre-1700 Wytsondaye, pre-1700 Wytsounday, pre-1700 Wytsownday, pre-1700 Wytsunday, pre-1700 1700s– Whitsunday, pre-1700 1900s– Witsunday, 1800s Wutsunday, 1900s– Watsunday (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– Wutsunda; N.E.D. (1924) also records forms Middle English Wit sonday, late Middle English Wyth-sonday; and a form of the first element late Middle English Qwytsonn-. β. Middle English Qvhissonday, Middle English Qwyssinday, Middle English Qwyssonday, Middle English Whissonday, Middle English Whyssonday, Middle English Whyssoneday, Middle English Whysunday, Middle English Wissonday; English regional (northern) 1800s– Whisnday, 1800s– Whissenday, 1800s– Whisson-day, 1800s– Whissunday, 1800s– Whussenday, 1800s– Wissenday; Scottish pre-1700 Quhissondai, pre-1700 Quhissonday, pre-1700 Quhissunday, pre-1700 Quhysson day, pre-1700 Quyssunday, pre-1700 Quyssynday, pre-1700 Qvhissonday, pre-1700 Qwhisonday, pre-1700 Qwhissonday, pre-1700 Qwhyssonday, pre-1700 Qwissonday, pre-1700 Qwissunday, pre-1700 Qwysonday, pre-1700 Qwyssinday, pre-1700 Qwyssonday, pre-1700 Qwyssunday, pre-1700 Whyssonday, pre-1700 1800s Whissonday, 1800s Whusunday, 1800s Wissonday, 1800s Wyssonday, 1800s– Whussenday, 1900s– Whussinday. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., Sunday n. Etymology: < white adj. (compare forms at that entry) + Sunday n., probably with reference to the ancient custom of the newly-baptized wearing white robes at the feast of Pentecost, which was an alternative baptismal date (besides the more common Easter) in some regions (see note). The occurrence in early Middle English of Whitsuntide n. and Whitsun n. suggests that the composition of the word had become opaque by this date.Formal parallels in other European languages. Use of classical Latin albus white (see album n.¹) or alba alb n. is widely attested with reference to various church festivals, apparently all connected with either the wearing or the shedding of white robes by the newly baptized. Compare post-classical Latin Dominica in albis (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources; more fully Dominica in albis depositis ), the name of the First Sunday after Easter (Low Sunday), and also pascha album Low Sunday (c1200 in a British source), as well as e.g. albae paschae (c700 in a British source), albae paschales (9th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), both in sense ‘Easter week’. In continental Germanic languages, formal parallels or analogues of Whitsunday are chiefly applied to the First Sunday after Easter or to the First Sunday in Lent. Compare: Middle Low German witte sondach Low Sunday, also the First Sunday or the Fifth Sunday in Lent, German Weisser Sonntag Low Sunday (1613 or earlier; earlier denoting the First Sunday in Lent (mid 14th cent.)), Danish (now rare) hvidesøndag First Sunday in Lent, Low Sunday, Pentecost (a1719), Old Swedish hvita sunnodagher First Sunday in Lent (Swedish regional hvitsöndag ). Compare also (supported only by glosses in dictionaries): early modern Dutch witten sondagh Whitsunday, Sunday of Pentecost (1599 in Kiliaan, who gives it as an obsolete regional (Flanders) term), Palm Sunday (1648 in Hexham), both in isolated attestations, French †dimanche de blanches Palm Sunday (1611 in Cotgrave in an apparently isolated attestation). Compare also Old Frisian hwīta thunresdei , Middle Dutch witte donresdach (Dutch witte donderdag ), Middle Low German witte donnerdach , early modern German weisser donnerstag (1588 or earlier), all in sense ‘Maundy Thursday’. The Old English term was apparently borrowed into early Scandinavian; compare Old Icelandic hvítasunnudagr in same sense, as well as the Old Icelandic compounds cited at Whitsun n. (Old Icelandic hvítadagr , lit. ‘white day’, hvítadróttinsdagr , lit. ‘white Lord's-day’, and hvítadagavika ‘Whitsun week’ cannot be taken as evidence of an independent Scandinavian origin, as they are probably due to post-Christianization attempts to obliterate pagan traces from the name of the festival.) In Old English the usual name of Whitsunday was pentecosten Pentecost n.; for the usual term in other Germanic languages, see discussion at Pinkster n. Semantic motivation. The semantic motivation for the different senses of these terms appears to be the white colour of vestments or paraments used on the feast day in question: in sense ‘Maundy Thursday’, probably the white altar hangings and vestments, as well as the white vestments worn by public penitents on that day, when they received absolution after performing their penance; with reference to Sundays in Lent, the white paraments formerly used on some of the Sundays in Lent; with reference to Low Sunday, the shedding of their white robes by the neophytes who had been baptized at Easter; with reference to Pentecost Sunday, probably the white colour of the baptismal robes. Pentecost was an alternative date for baptisms in the early medieval period (it is mentioned as such e.g. by Bede, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and in Icelandic sagas), perhaps because of the biblical account (Acts 2:41) of the baptism of about three thousand people on that day; it has also been suggested that the colder climate in Northern European countries may have favoured a baptism date later than Easter. Specific senses. As the name of a Scottish quarter day (see sense 2), apparently an extended use (although long dissociated from the church festival); for this sense N.E.D. (1924) records stress on the final syllable. Notes on forms. In Old English the first element is treated as a normal adjective inflected for case. The β. forms reflect assimilation of consonants. According to different apprehensions of the composition of the word (the origin of which was obscured by the shortening of the first syllable: compare discussion at white adj.), it has been divided either as Whitsun day or as Whit Sunday ; compare also Whitsun n. and Whitsuntide n., and later Whit n.² 1. a. The seventh Sunday after Easter, observed as a Christian festival in commemoration of the events described in Acts 2, when the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples. Cf. Pentecost n. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Pentecost > [noun] PentecosteOE WhitsundayOE Whitsundaya1250 Whitsuntidec1275 Lok-Soundayc1315 Lokes1340 Whitsun Sunday1532 White Sunday1546 W.c1565 Whit week1728 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1067 Ealdred arcebiscop hig gehalgode to cwene on Westmynstre on Hwitan Sunnandæg. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 45 Heo [sc. uwilc sunne-dei] is muneȝing..of þam hali gast þe he sende in his apostles on þon dei þe is icleped wit-sunne-dei. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8725 Þat al his folc..come to Amberes-buri..to White-sune-dæie [c1300 Otho Witesone-daiȝe]. c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 151 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 224 Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo & þis wit-sonedai also. 1398 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 488 At þe fest of qvhissonday. a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 16 He made a feste, þe soth to say, Opon þe Witsononday At Kerdyf, that [es] in Wales. 1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xlvii On ascensyon day and wythssonday he put no lyght to hym. the whiche yn these festis specialy were wonte to brenne. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) clxxxi. 731 On a witsonday themperour and thempresse helde estate royall at there palayes for y^e solempnyte of that day. a1558 Royal Househ. Regulations in I. W. Archer et al. Relig., Politics, & Society in 16th-cent. Eng. (2003) 31 These are the iiij offering dayes for the kyng: Easter day, Wittsonday, All hallonday and Christmas day. a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 35 A little meade called Riam, whither on Sunday next after Whitsunday resorted the youthes of both sexes. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 4 The next morning early, being Whit Sunday, was discovered land. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Term Oxford Terms... Easter Term begins the 10th Day after Easter, and ends the Thursday before Whitsunday. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. xlvii. 185 (heading) Whitsunday. 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 188 The coronation took place at Westminster on Whitsun-Day. 1950 Life 12 June 29/1 Whitsunday..was a very discouraging day for an uprising. 2011 M. Morrissey Politics & Paul's Cross Serm. iii. 77 As bishop of London he would have officiated in St Paul's on Whitsunday. b. The day on which the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples, as described in Acts 2. Cf. Pentecost n. 2b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Pentecost > [noun] PentecosteOE WhitsundayOE Whitsundaya1250 Whitsuntidec1275 Lok-Soundayc1315 Lokes1340 Whitsun Sunday1532 White Sunday1546 W.c1565 Whit week1728 a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 209 Þe ȝeoue of þe holi goste þet þu on hwite sune dai sendest þine deorewurðe deciples. a1300 Passion our Lord 657 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 56 At þon heye vndarne, a wit-suneday..Þe holy gost heom com vp-on in fury tunge. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 351 Bytwene þe ascencioun, þat is holy Þorsday, and Witsonday, Mathias was i-chose. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 40 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 8 Petir broucht to cristis fay thre thowsand men on witsonday. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts xx. B Paul had determed to sayle ouer by Ephesus..for he haisted to be at Ierusalem vpon the Whitsondaye. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Joel ii. 28 (side-note) The mission of the Holie Ghost performed on Whitsunday. 1752 T. Birch Life John Tillotson 388 The great effusion of the Holy Ghost on Whitsunday was then to be dwelt on. 1869 J. T. Jeffcock Serm. Town & Country v. 71 On Whitsunday, or Pentecost, was shed abroad the gift of the Holy Ghost in the hearts of the first apostles. 2009 T. C. Lyby in J. Stewart Kierkegaard & his Danish Contemporaries II. 197 The story of..what happened on Whitsunday cannot, as is usual, be seen as the founding of the Christian Church. 2. Originally and chiefly Scottish. The Scottish quarter day occurring in May. See note at quarter day n.In Scotland, Whitsunday, together with Martinmas, was one of the two quarter days most usually appointed as a term day (term day n. 2) for the hiring of servants or the start of tenancies.The date established for Whitsunday was formerly 15 or 26 May, but is now fixed for legislative purposes at 28 May. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > periodic payment > time of term1393 Whitsunday1450 quarter1644 term day1681 term time1770 1450 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 84/1 Full powar..my malis..to raise and to ressave, my Witsondais to set and to halde. 1539 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 164 Mertimes and Vytsonday. 1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 174 Thre merkis, to be payit be the said maisteris of wark at Vitsounday and Mertimess be equall portionis. 1693 Laws & Acts 4th Sess. 1st Parl. William & Mary (Scotl.) c. 25. 38 Our Soveraign Lord and Lady, The King and Queens Majesties..Declare, that the fifteenth day of May, was since the date of the foresaid Act, and shall be in all time coming, in place of the former Term of Whitsunday, to all Effects whatsoever. 1705 Charter 6 Mar. in ‘I. Hay’ Royal Company Archers (1951) 232 Rendering..yearly, the said Royal Company, to us and our successors, one pair of barbed arrows at the term of Whitsunday, if asked only. 1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. I. ii. ix. §64 The one-half [of the rents] at Whitsunday, when the corns are presumed to be fully sown. 1806 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. III. 66 The term at which a new tenant enters upon the possession of the land is Martinmas; but the houses and pasturages are retained by the former possessor till Whitsunday following. 1871 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 206 866 The 15th of May, the Scotch Whitsuntide term, commonly called Whitsun-day, was the most important business day in the year. 1908 Scot. Law Reporter 45 297/1 In pastoral farms where Whitsunday was the term of entry, the first half-year's rent was legally due at entry. 2012 C. Van Der Merwe & A.-L. Verbeke Time-limited Interests Land ii. vi. 309 Where the tenant takes entry on Whitsunday (28 May) 2011, the first legal term on which rent is due is Whitsunday 2012. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1451 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 93 The Wendisdaye of Wytsondaye tyme. 1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cviii The malis of the samyn landis of the Witsonday terme last bipast. 1504 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1504/3/120 Upoune Thurisday in Witsonday wolk. 1534 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. 67 Upone Wytsunday evyn. c1557 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 153 Debtes..to my lorde of durh'm for whitson daye rent of thold p'ke xl^s. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. in Wks. (1686) III. xlv. 521 (heading) A Whitsunday-sermon on the gift of the Holy Ghost. 1798 Edinb. Mag. Sept. 219/2 (title) The Whitsunday Duel. 4to. 3s. 6d. 1835 M. Banim & J. Banim Mayor of Wind-gap II. vi. 138 On a Whit-sunday mornin', afore the day dawns in the sky. 1900 G. Hodges Path Life 172 The Whitsunday story,..the account of the beginning of the Christian Church. 1996 D. MacCulloch Thomas Cranmer x. 410 The festivities were somewhat dampened by the failure of Cranmer's chosen Whitsunday preacher to turn up. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.OE
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