单词 | xylo- |
释义 | xylo-comb. form before a vowel xyl-, representing Greek ξυλο-, ξυλ-, combining form of ξύλον wood: the first element of various scientific and technical words, the more important of which see in their alphabetical places. xylochlore n. Brit. /ˈzʌɪlə(ʊ)klɔː/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪləˌklɔr/ [ < German xylochlor (von Waltershausen, 1853), < Greek χλωρός green] Mineralogy an altered form of apophyllite, found in olive-green crystals in a fossil tree-stem in a volcanic rock in Iceland.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > feldspathoid > zeolite > apophyllite fish-eye-stone1805 ichthyophthalmite1805 apophyllite1810 albin1818 tessellite1819 oxhaverite1827 xylochlore1868 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1060 Xylochlore...Kenngott..has shown that it is an altered form of apophyllite. xylochloric adj. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈklɔːrɪk/ , /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈklɒrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈklɔrɪk/ (also xyloˈchloeric) [ < French xylochlorique, -chloérique, < Greek χλοερός = χλωρός green] Chemistry in xylochlo(e)ric acid: see quots.ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > green colouring matter > [noun] > of natural bodies chlorophyll1819 chlorophyllite1838 xylochlo(e)ric acid1862 phytochlore1866 phycochrome1867 marennin1885 phytochrome1893 the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > plant pigments > green > others xylochlo(e)ric acid1862 1862 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XV. 534 Xylochloric acid. C30H26O34?.. A green colouring matter, which sometimes forms on decayed pieces of wood. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1060 Xylochloeric acid, a term applied by Fordos..to the green colouring-matter of decayed wood, which may be extracted by chloroform. xylochrome n. Brit. /ˈzʌɪlə(ʊ)krəʊm/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪləˌkroʊm/ [Greek χρῶμα colour] Chemistry a colouring matter produced by chemical alteration of decayed wood.ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes pallOE sanders1329 raddlea1350 nutgallc1450 bark1565 logwood1581 sanders-wood1615 catechu1682 cate1698 cachou1708 valonia1722 India wood1742 cutch1759 alizari1769 standard1808 iron buff1836 colorine1838 acid dye1840 garancin1843 French tub1846 suranji1848 morindin1849 water blue1851 union dye1852 indigo-carmine1855 hernant1858 pigment colour1862 rosaniline1862 rose aniline1862 bezetta1863 bottom1863 acid colour1873 paraphenylenediamine1873 indigo-extract1874 tin-pulp1874 phthalein1875 sightening1875 chrome1876 rose bengal1878 azo-colours1879 azine1887 basic dye1892 chromotrope1893 garance1896 ice colour1896 xylochrome1898 cross-dye1901 indanthrene1901 Lithol1903 vat dye1903 thioindigo1906 para red1907 vat colour1912 vat dyestuff1914 indanthrone1920 ionamine1922 Soledon1924 Solochrome1924 Solacet1938 indigoid1939 thioindigoid1943 fluorol1956 Procion1956 1898 H. C. Porter tr. E. Strasburger et al. Text-bk. Bot. 124 The tannins impart to the dead wood a distinct colour, often very characteristic, especially when it has been transformed into wood dyes, or so-called xylochrome. xylocopid adj. Brit. /zʌɪˈlɒkəpɪd/ , U.S. /zaɪˈlɑkəˌpɪd/ [modern Latin Xylocopa ; Greek -κοπος cutting, -id suffix3] Entomology belonging or related to the genus Xylocopa, comprising the carpenter-bees.ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [adjective] > belonging to division Petiolata > belonging to division Anthophila > of or belonging to bees > belonging to genus Xylocopa xylocopid1904 1904 Athenæum 24 Dec. 881/1 A photograph..showing the Xylocopid model and its Asilid mimic. xylocryptite n. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈkrɪptʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈkrɪpˌtaɪt/ [Greek κρυπτός hidden: see -ite suffix1] Mineralogy see quots.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [noun] > asbestos > others rock cork1762 rock flesh1762 rock leather1762 rock wood1762 asbestinite1794 asbestoid1794 xylocryptite1820 byssolite1847 xylite1850 xylotile1864 xylolite1868 wood-rock1889 amosite1918 1820 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Jan. 352 It may be named provisionally Xylocryptite, expressive of its being hidden in fossil wood. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1060 Xylocryptite, a mineral apparently related to Scheererite, occurring in yellow waxy crystalline particles on lignite. (Becquerel.) xylolite n. Brit. /ˈzʌɪlə(ʊ)lʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪləˌlaɪt/ [-lite comb. form1] Mineralogy (see quot. 1868).ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [noun] > asbestos > others rock cork1762 rock flesh1762 rock leather1762 rock wood1762 asbestinite1794 asbestoid1794 xylocryptite1820 byssolite1847 xylite1850 xylotile1864 xylolite1868 wood-rock1889 amosite1918 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1061 Xylolite. Syn. with mountain-wood, or ligniform asbestos. xylolith n. Brit. /ˈzʌɪlə(ʊ)lɪθ/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪləˌlɪθ/ [ < Greek λίθος stone] a composition made with sawdust.Π 1908 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry V. 616 With cement, soluble glass and gypsum, it [sc. sawdust] is converted into xylolith or papyrolith. xylometer n. Brit. /zʌɪˈlɒmᵻtə/ , U.S. /zaɪˈlɑmədər/ an instrument for measuring the volume of wood by the amount of water which it displaces.Π 1911 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry III. 26 The instrument used is called a xylometer. xylometric adj. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈmɛtrɪk/ Π 1911 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry III. 48 The xylometric method has been explained. xylometrically adv. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrᵻkli/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈmɛtrək(ə)li/ Π 1911 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry III. 33 In many cases it is desirable to ascertain the volume of the bark... This can be done stereometrically or xylometrically. xylophilan adj. and n. Brit. /zʌɪˈlɒfᵻlən/ , U.S. /zaɪˈlɑfələn/ [Greek ϕίλος loving: compare -phile comb. form] Entomology (a) adj. belonging to the group Xylophili of beetles, which live in decayed wood; (b) n. a beetle of this group.ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Heteromera > member of family Xylophilidae xylophilan1842 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1337/1 Xylophilans, Xylophili, the name of a tribe of beetles, consisting of those which live on decayed wood. xylophilous adj. Brit. /zʌɪˈlɒfᵻləs/ , U.S. /zaɪˈlɑfələs/ living or growing in or on wood, as an insect or a fungus.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective] fieldya1382 waterya1382 agrestial1608 subterranean1638 lucifugous1654 nemoral1656 subcutaneous1664 subterraneous1832 subtidal1852 xylophilous1862 xerophilous1863 acid-loving1870 aerobic1878 aerobian1879 aerobious1879 aerobiotic1880 subaquatic1880 aerophilous1885 facultative1887 pelagic1887 aerophile1888 autotrophic1893 heterotrophic1893 plastic1893 thermophilic1894 thermophil1896 mesophilic1897 halolimnic1898 polybathic1898 tolerant1898 limnetic1899 thermophilous1899 metatrophic1900 mixotrophic1900 paratrophic1900 mesophilous1901 benthic1902 epibenthic1902 eurybathic1902 microaerophilic1903 sympatric1904 benthoal1905 cryophile1907 benthonic1909 microaerophile1909 lenitic1916 lotic1916 psychrotolerant1924 oligosaprobic1925 polysaprobic1925 aerophilic1929 saprobic1932 primary1934 lentic1935 chemoautotrophic1936 eurytopic1937 psammic1938 saprotrophic1942 prototrophic1946 chemolithoautotrophic1949 auxotrophic1950 chemolithotrophic1953 chemoorganotrophic1953 opportunist1956 psychrophile1956 psychrophilic1958 opportunistic1960 psychrotrophic1960 oligosaprobe1990 1862 R. G. Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) Xylophilus..growing upon, or living in decayed wood; xylophilous. xylopolist n. Brit. /zʌɪˈlɒpəlɪst/ , U.S. /zaɪˈlɑpələst/ [Greek ξυλοπώλης] rare a timber-merchant.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.ΚΠ 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Xylopolist..a Woodmonger. xylopyrography n. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)pʌɪˈrɒɡrəfi/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˌpaɪˈrɑɡrəfi/ [Greek πῦρ fire, -graphy comb. form] = pokerwork n.ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pokerwork > [noun] pokerwork1813 poker1827 xylopyrography1850 pyrogravure1888 pyrography1891 1850 J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Xylopyrography. 1901 Daily Chron. 27 May 6/1 [Baron Auer's] father was..an inventor in typography and xylopyrography. xyloretin n. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈriːtɪn/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈritn/ , /ˌzaɪləˈritn/ [German xyloretin (Forchhammer, 1840), Greek ῥητίνη resin] Chemistry a white crystalline resin obtained from fossil pinewood.ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > derived from fossil pine-wood xyloretin1852 xyloretinite1868 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > resins > others Highgate1813 lucullite1819 guayaquillite1838 fichtelite1844 ixolite1846 branchite1851 xyloretin1852 retinite1853 anthracoxene1858 kauri resin1858 tasmanite1864 kauri gum1867 xyloretinite1868 wheelerite1874 ionite1877 muckite1879 1852 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 417 Tekoretine, Phylloretine, Xyloretine, and Boloretine, are the names of four resinous compounds, found in the peat of Denmark, on the remains of pine-trees. xyloretinite n. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈrɛtᵻnʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈrɛtnˌaɪt/ Chemistry = xyloretin n.ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > derived from fossil pine-wood xyloretin1852 xyloretinite1868 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > resins > others Highgate1813 lucullite1819 guayaquillite1838 fichtelite1844 ixolite1846 branchite1851 xyloretin1852 retinite1853 anthracoxene1858 kauri resin1858 tasmanite1864 kauri gum1867 xyloretinite1868 wheelerite1874 ionite1877 muckite1879 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 743 Xyloretinite was derived by Forchhammer through the action of alcohol on fossil pine-wood from the marshes of Holtegaard in Denmark. Thesaurus » Categories » xylostroma n. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈstrəʊmə/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈstroʊmə/ [modern Latin, < Greek στρῶμα something spread out, a bed, coverlet] Botany the mycelium of certain polyporoid fungi (originally supposed a distinct genus) which forms a dense leathery sheet on the surface of wood. xylostromatoid adj. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈstrəʊmətɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈstroʊməˌtɔɪd/ [-oid suffix] resembling a xylostroma.ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [adjective] > of, bearing, or characterized by parts umbonated1752 operculate1775 veiled1776 adnexed1821 pileate1828 sorediferous1829 umbonate1829 floccose1830 adglutinate1831 angiosporous1847 stylosporous1851 byssoid1857 mycelioid1857 sclerotioid1857 soredioid1857 pileiform1858 basidiosporous1859 pileated1859 sorediform1859 tigellular1860 tetradymous1866 tigellate1866 mycelial1867 xylostromatoid1871 hymenial1874 hyphal1875 aecidial1876 pycnidial1877 teleutosporic1880 sorediate1881 pollinodial1886 peridial1887 promycelial1887 mycelian1891 uredosporiferous1895 uredosporous1895 hemiangiocarpous1900 uredinial1900 periplasmic1901 hemiangiocarpic1902 wefted1902 zygophoric1904 aecial1905 pycnial1905 telial1905 sporodochial1913 holocarpic1916 uredinoid1929 uredial1937 monokaryotic1941 protoperithecial1948 parathecial1953 1871 M. C. Cooke Handbk. Brit. Fungi I. 282 Polyporus vitreus... ‘Glassy Polyporus.’.. Distinguished by its distinct xylostromatoid sub-stratum, which separates easily from the matrix. xylotherapy n. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˈθɛrəpi/ [Greek θεραπεία healing] Medicine the use of certain kinds of wood in the cure of disease (see quot.).ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > treatment with specific substances > xylotherapy xylotherapy1880 1880 Boston Jrnl. Chem. Dec. 144 At a recent meeting of the Société de Thérapeutique M. Dujardin-Beaumetz read for M. Jourdanis a note on the æsthesiogenic properties of certain woods applied to the skin, which he calls xylotherapy. M. Jourdanis has applied plates of wood to the insensible skin, and as with plates of metal, magnets,..and blisters has obtained a return of sensibility. xylotile n. Brit. /ˈzʌɪlətʌɪl/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪləˌtaɪl/ (also xylotil Brit. /ˈzʌɪlətɪl/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪləd(ə)l/ ) [German xylotil; Greek τίλος down, fine hair] Mineralogy a mineral allied to (or a variety of) asbestos, also called mountain-wood.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [noun] > asbestos > others rock cork1762 rock flesh1762 rock leather1762 rock wood1762 asbestinite1794 asbestoid1794 xylocryptite1820 byssolite1847 xylite1850 xylotile1864 xylolite1868 wood-rock1889 amosite1918 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Xylotile. 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 406 Xylotile..is probably only an altered asbestus. It occurs delicately fibrous;..wood-brown, light or dark, and also green in color. xylotomous adj. Brit. /zʌɪˈlɒtəməs/ , U.S. /zaɪˈlɑdəməs/ [Greek -τομος cutting] that cuts or pierces wood, as an insect. xylotypographic adj. Brit. /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)tʌɪpəˈɡrafɪk/ , /ˌzʌɪlə(ʊ)tɪpəˈɡrafɪk/ , U.S. /ˌzaɪloʊˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪk/ [typographic adj.] printed from wooden blocks or types.ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [adjective] > printing from blocks tabular1816 xylotypographic1872 block-printed1883 1872 W. Skeen Early Typogr. 417 The xylotypographic text. xylulose n. Brit. /ˈzʌɪljᵿləʊs/ , U.S. /ˈzaɪl(j)əˌloʊs/ , /ˈzaɪl(j)əˌloʊz/ [-ulose suffix2] Chemistry a keto pentose that corresponds to the aldo pentose xylose and occurs in the urine of pentosurics.ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > substances from animals or humans > [noun] > miscellaneous other substances guanine1850 amyloid1872 chitosan1895 chondroitin1895 xanthopterin1926 lipocaic1936 xylulose1936 1936 Levene & Tipson in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 115 731 For simplicity it would seem desirable to term the ketose ‘d- xylulose’, in conformity with the nomenclature accepted for other keto sugars. 1964 D. Y. Hsia in G. A. Duncan Dis. Metabolism (ed. 5) v. 349 Lasker reported that she had identified l-xylulose in all 72 pentosuric urines that she had tested. 1968 Marks & Samols in F. Dickens et al. Carbohydrate Metabolism II. xiii. 351 The existence of this pathway of glucose metabolism was first recognised as a result of studies on the biosynthesis of l-ascorbic acid in animals and of l-xylulose in pentosurics. 1974 B. S. Hartley in M. J. Carlile & J. J. Skehel Evol. in Microbial World 170 A mutant of this organism constitutive for ribitol dehydrogenase grows on xylitol by utilising a side specificity of this enzyme to produce xylulose. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1656 |
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