wolframn.

Brit.

/ˈwʊlfrəm/,

/ˈvɒlfrəm/, U.S.

/ˈwʊlfrəm/

Etymology: < German wolfram (wolform in Mathesius, 1562, wolffram in Ercker, 1580, volfram in Wallerius, Mineralogia, 1747), of uncertain formation: generally assumed to be an old miners' term < wolf wolf + rahm cream (compare rahmerz foamy wad), and to be the source of modern Latin lupi spuma (Agricola De Nat. Foss., 1546), which corresponds, however, to German wolfsschaum; but perhaps < Middle High German râm dirty mark, soot. The variants of the German word, e.g. wolffram(m, wolf(f)ert, wolfart, wolfrath, suggest association with proper names. Since Agricola describes the lupi spuma as a light ‘stone’, it is improbable that it was the mineral wolfram.

1. Mineralogy. A native tungstate of iron and manganese.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group

wolfram1757

wolframine1854

hübnerite1867

ferberite1868

megabasite1868

wolframite1868

wolfram-ochre1868

manganowolframite1896

hydrotungstite1940

1757 tr. J. F. Henckel Pyritologia ix. 132 Though this tin ore be not easily separable from wolfram, a kind of mock-tin, or an irony tin mineral.

1787 Groschke tr. Klaproth Observ. Fossils Cornwall 32 Wolfram of a foliated texture united to quartz and clay, is brought from Poldice.

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 292 Oxide of tungsten... Preparation.—The mineral wolfram is reduced to the finest powder [etc.].

1916 Lancet 8 Jan. 76/1 These electrodes are made..from a mixture of.. ores.., the chief one being a tungstate of iron and manganese, known as wolfram.

2. The metal tungsten, obtained from this mineral.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > tungsten > [noun]

tungsten1796

tungstenite1796

wolfram1845

1845 W. Gregory Outl. Chem. i. 197 Tungsten... Syn. Wolfram—Occurs in nature, chiefly in the mineral wolfram.

1907 Proc. Soc. Antiquaries 2 May 456 Wolfram, or tungsten, a metal which is used as an alloy for hardening steel.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as wolfram mine, wolfram ore.

ΚΠ

1914 Brit. Mus.: Return 227 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 186) LXXI. 193 A large specimen of hübnerite from Huara wolfram mine.

1916 Chambers's Jrnl. 9 Sept. 655/2 Quantities of wolfram ore are also produced in Australia.

C2.

wolfram lamp n. = tungsten lamp n. at tungsten n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > filament lamp > tungsten lamp and filament

wolfram lamp1907

tungsten lamp1909

tungsten filament1922

1907 Westm. Gaz. 24 July 10/1 Dr. Auer..claims that the light obtained from the wolfram lamp is three or four times as brilliant as that given by the ordinary carbon lamp with the same consumption of electricity.

wolfram-steel n. = tungsten-steel n. at tungsten n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > alloy steels > tungsten steel

tungsten-steel1862

wolfram-steel1862

1862 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 16 Aug. 154 The alloy..is now becoming rather celebrated under the name of wolfram- or tungsten-steel.

wolfram-ochre n. = tungstic ochre at tungstic adj., tungstite n. at tungstic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group

wolfram1757

wolframine1854

hübnerite1867

ferberite1868

megabasite1868

wolframite1868

wolfram-ochre1868

manganowolframite1896

hydrotungstite1940

1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 903 Trioxide of Tungsten..occurs native as tungstic ochre, wolfram-ochre, or wolframine.

Derivatives

ˈwolframate n. = tungstate n.

ˈwolframed adj. having wolfram added.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > tungsten > [adjective] > added

wolframed1864

1864 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 1 693 M. Le Guen has solicited attention to what he calls wolframed pig-iron.

wolˈframic adj. = tungstic adj.

ΚΠ

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. at Wolframiate Wolframic acid.

ˈwolframine n. tungstic ochre, tungstite.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group

wolfram1757

wolframine1854

hübnerite1867

ferberite1868

megabasite1868

wolframite1868

wolfram-ochre1868

manganowolframite1896

hydrotungstite1940

1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 143 Wolframine.

ˈwolframite n. = 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group

wolfram1757

wolframine1854

hübnerite1867

ferberite1868

megabasite1868

wolframite1868

wolfram-ochre1868

manganowolframite1896

hydrotungstite1940

1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 601 Wolframite.

1914 Brit. Mus.: Return 228 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 186) LXXI. 193 Wolframite and smoky quartz, from Burma.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	wolfram
释义	wolframn. Brit. /ˈwʊlfrəm/, /ˈvɒlfrəm/, U.S. /ˈwʊlfrəm/ Etymology: < German wolfram (wolform in Mathesius, 1562, wolffram in Ercker, 1580, volfram in Wallerius, Mineralogia, 1747), of uncertain formation: generally assumed to be an old miners' term < wolf wolf + rahm cream (compare rahmerz foamy wad), and to be the source of modern Latin lupi spuma (Agricola De Nat. Foss., 1546), which corresponds, however, to German wolfsschaum; but perhaps < Middle High German râm dirty mark, soot. The variants of the German word, e.g. wolffram(m, wolf(f)ert, wolfart, wolfrath, suggest association with proper names. Since Agricola describes the lupi spuma as a light ‘stone’, it is improbable that it was the mineral wolfram. 1. Mineralogy. A native tungstate of iron and manganese. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group wolfram1757 wolframine1854 hübnerite1867 ferberite1868 megabasite1868 wolframite1868 wolfram-ochre1868 manganowolframite1896 hydrotungstite1940 1757 tr. J. F. Henckel Pyritologia ix. 132 Though this tin ore be not easily separable from wolfram, a kind of mock-tin, or an irony tin mineral. 1787 Groschke tr. Klaproth Observ. Fossils Cornwall 32 Wolfram of a foliated texture united to quartz and clay, is brought from Poldice. 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 292 Oxide of tungsten... Preparation.—The mineral wolfram is reduced to the finest powder [etc.]. 1916 Lancet 8 Jan. 76/1 These electrodes are made..from a mixture of.. ores.., the chief one being a tungstate of iron and manganese, known as wolfram. 2. The metal tungsten, obtained from this mineral. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > tungsten > [noun] tungsten1796 tungstenite1796 wolfram1845 1845 W. Gregory Outl. Chem. i. 197 Tungsten... Syn. Wolfram—Occurs in nature, chiefly in the mineral wolfram. 1907 Proc. Soc. Antiquaries 2 May 456 Wolfram, or tungsten, a metal which is used as an alloy for hardening steel. Compounds C1. attributive, as wolfram mine, wolfram ore. ΚΠ 1914 Brit. Mus.: Return 227 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 186) LXXI. 193 A large specimen of hübnerite from Huara wolfram mine. 1916 Chambers's Jrnl. 9 Sept. 655/2 Quantities of wolfram ore are also produced in Australia. C2. wolfram lamp n. = tungsten lamp n. at tungsten n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > filament lamp > tungsten lamp and filament wolfram lamp1907 tungsten lamp1909 tungsten filament1922 1907 Westm. Gaz. 24 July 10/1 Dr. Auer..claims that the light obtained from the wolfram lamp is three or four times as brilliant as that given by the ordinary carbon lamp with the same consumption of electricity. wolfram-steel n. = tungsten-steel n. at tungsten n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > alloy steels > tungsten steel tungsten-steel1862 wolfram-steel1862 1862 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 16 Aug. 154 The alloy..is now becoming rather celebrated under the name of wolfram- or tungsten-steel. wolfram-ochre n. = tungstic ochre at tungstic adj., tungstite n. at tungstic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group wolfram1757 wolframine1854 hübnerite1867 ferberite1868 megabasite1868 wolframite1868 wolfram-ochre1868 manganowolframite1896 hydrotungstite1940 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 903 Trioxide of Tungsten..occurs native as tungstic ochre, wolfram-ochre, or wolframine. Derivatives ˈwolframate n. = tungstate n. ˈwolframed adj. having wolfram added. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > tungsten > [adjective] > added wolframed1864 1864 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 1 693 M. Le Guen has solicited attention to what he calls wolframed pig-iron. wolˈframic adj. = tungstic adj. ΚΠ 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. at Wolframiate Wolframic acid. ˈwolframine n. tungstic ochre, tungstite. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group wolfram1757 wolframine1854 hübnerite1867 ferberite1868 megabasite1868 wolframite1868 wolfram-ochre1868 manganowolframite1896 hydrotungstite1940 1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 143 Wolframine. ˈwolframite n. = 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > tungstates and molybdates > [noun] > wolframite group wolfram1757 wolframine1854 hübnerite1867 ferberite1868 megabasite1868 wolframite1868 wolfram-ochre1868 manganowolframite1896 hydrotungstite1940 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 601 Wolframite. 1914 Brit. Mus.: Return 228 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 186) LXXI. 193 Wolframite and smoky quartz, from Burma. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1757
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