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单词 young
释义

Youngn.2

Brit. /jʌŋ/, U.S. /jəŋ/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Young.
Etymology: < the name of Alfred Young (1873–1940), British mathematician.
Mathematics.
1. Young tableau n. an array of numbers or symbols arranged so that the number of entries in a particular row or (sometimes) column is equal to the corresponding integer of a particular partition (partition n. 9b), esp. (in later use) one in which each number or symbol is enclosed within a square border.If λ denotes the partition with which a Young tableau is associated, then that tableau is often said to have shape λ.Young tableaux (and Young diagrams; see sense 2) have important applications to problems concerning symmetry, frequently allowing these to be studied using elementary methods from combinatorics.
ΚΠ
1934 D. E. Littlewood & A. R. Richardson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 232 116 The significant feature of the Young tableaux is that if a tableau A contains two symbols α and β in the same row, and a tableau B contains the two symbols in the same column, then (A) (B) = (B) (A) = 0.
1974 Nucl. Physics A 223 288 The partition number fi specifies the length of the ith row of the Young tableau which characterizes the symmetry of the n-particle space wave function.
1983 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 8 337 This work connects that representation theory with combinatorics via standard and semistandard Young tableaux.
2016 J. Baik et al. Combinatorics & Random Matrix Theory iii. 28 There is a particular bijection..between permutations and pairs of standard Young tableaux..of the same shape.
2. Young diagram n. (originally) a Young tableau; (in later use) a diagram representing a partition (partition n. 9b) as an array of identical squares, the number of squares making up each row or (sometimes) column being equal to the corresponding integer in the partition; cf. Ferrers diagram n.
ΚΠ
1941 Duke Math. Jrnl. 611 The array thus labelled is called a regular Young diagram belonging to the partition.
1976 Jrnl. Alg. 43 45 The techniques used here are elementary, in the sense that the generalization is obtained by using only properties of Young diagrams.
2008 C. Kassel & V. Turaev Braid Groups Preface p. vi. Chapter 5 is devoted to a classification of the finite-dimensional representation of generic Iwahori-Hecke algebras in terms of Young diagrams.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

youngadj.n.1

Brit. /jʌŋ/, U.S. /jəŋ/
Forms:

α. early Old English gioncg- (inflected form), Old English geog (probably transmission error), Old English geonc- (inflected form, rare), Old English geone (accusative masculine, perhaps transmission error), Old English geoung (rare), Old English giong, Old English giongga (inflected form), Old English gionne (accusative masculine, rare), Old English giuungre (dative feminine, perhaps transmission error), Old English iugan (dative feminine, weak declension, transmission error), Old English iungc- (in derivatives), Old English iunre (dative feminine), Old English–early Middle English geong, Old English (rare)–early Middle English gung, Old English–early Middle English iung, Old English–Middle English giung, Old English (rare)–Middle English iong, late Old English geung, late Old English–early Middle English jung, early Middle English gong, early Middle English ȝeonȝ, early Middle English ȝeunc, early Middle English ȝeung, early Middle English ȝoing, early Middle English ȝongue, early Middle English ȝoungue, early Middle English ȝunch, early Middle English þung (transmission error), Middle English ȝeong, Middle English ȝhong, Middle English ȝiung, Middle English ȝohng, Middle English ȝong, Middle English ȝonge, Middle English ȝongge, Middle English ȝonk (north midlands), Middle English ȝonke (north-west midlands), Middle English ȝoung, Middle English ȝounge, Middle English ȝowng, Middle English ȝownge, Middle English ȝoyng, Middle English ȝung, Middle English ȝunge, Middle English ȝungge, Middle English ȝungue, Middle English ȝyonge, Middle English jong (in surnames), Middle English jonge (in surnames), Middle English yhong, Middle English yhonge, Middle English yhongh, Middle English yhung, Middle English yhunge, Middle English yiong, Middle English yionge, Middle English yoing, Middle English yongge, Middle English yung, Middle English yunge, Middle English zong (north-east midlands), Middle English–1600s yong, Middle English–1600s yonge, Middle English–1600s younge, Middle English– young, late Middle English yng (transmission error), late Middle English ynge (transmission error), 1500s ȝonag (north-western), 1500s yonke, 1500s younag (north-western), 1500s yowng, 1500s yownge, 1500s–1600s yongue, 1500s–1600s (1800s– English regional (northern)) yoong, 1800s– youn' (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 ȝhoung, pre-1700 ȝoing, pre-1700 ȝong, pre-1700 ȝonge, pre-1700 ȝoung, pre-1700 ȝounge, pre-1700 ȝowng, pre-1700 ȝownge, pre-1700 ȝung, pre-1700 ȝunge, pre-1700 yhong, pre-1700 yhonge, pre-1700 yhoung, pre-1700 yhowng, pre-1700 yhownge, pre-1700 yhung, pre-1700 yonge, pre-1700 yonng, pre-1700 younge, pre-1700 yownge, pre-1700 zoung, pre-1700 1700s– young, pre-1700 1800s yong, pre-1700 1800s yung, pre-1700 1900s– yowng, 1700s zung (archaic), 1800s yoong.

β. Old English gyng (rare), Old English (chiefly Anglian)–early Middle English ging, early Middle English ȝuing, early Middle English þinge (probably transmission error), Middle English ȝing, Middle English ȝinge, Middle English ȝiynge, Middle English ȝyng, Middle English ȝynge, Middle English inge, Middle English yhing, Middle English yhinge, Middle English yhyng, Middle English yhynge, Middle English ying, Middle English yyng, Middle English yynge, Middle English–1500s yinge, late Middle English thayng (Norfolk, probably transmission error), late Middle English þyng (probably transmission error), late Middle English ynge; Scottish pre-1700 ȝhing, pre-1700 ȝhinge, pre-1700 ȝhyng, pre-1700 ȝing, pre-1700 ȝinge, pre-1700 ȝyng, pre-1700 ȝynge, pre-1700 yhing, pre-1700 yhyng, pre-1700 1800s– ying.

γ. Old English geng (rare), Middle English ȝeing, Middle English ȝeng, Middle English ȝenge, Middle English yeng, Middle English yenge; Scottish pre-1700 ȝeing, pre-1700 yeng.

See also younger adj. and n. and youngest adj. and n.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian jung, Old Dutch jung (Middle Dutch jonc, Dutch jong), Old Saxon jung (Middle Low German jung), Old High German junc (Middle High German junc, German jung), Old Icelandic ungr, Old Swedish unger (Swedish ung), Old Danish ung (Danish ung), Gothic juggs < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit yuvaśa young, classical Latin iuvencus young bull, Gaulish iouincos (attested as a personal name), Welsh ieuanc, Early Irish óac, óc (Irish óg), all in sense ‘young’, all reflecting an extended form (with velar extension) of the Indo-European base of Sanskrit yuvan, classical Latin iuvenis, Old Church Slavonic junŭ, Lithuanian jaunas, all in sense ‘young’.Form history. The usual spelling for the reflex of Germanic initial *ju- in Old English is geo- or gio- (occasionally geu- , giu- ); it is debatable whether the e and i in such spellings are simply diacritics or represent an actual glide vowel. The β. forms probably show levelling based on forms with regular i-mutation in the comparative and superlative (compare α. forms at younger adj. and n. and α. forms at youngest adj. and n.), although influence of the initial /j/ (in Old English frequently spelt g- ) has also been suggested as a factor. See further A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§170–8, R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §§5.59–64. In Old English the β. forms appear chiefly in Anglian texts and sources showing Anglian influence, while in Middle English they are chiefly northern and East Anglian. Middle English γ. forms apparently chiefly represent a development from the β. forms, although the origin of the earliest γ. forms is not entirely clear. Notes on specific senses. In use with reference to tea (see sense A. 6f) often rendering Chinese yǔqián, lit. ‘before the rain’, used to denote leaves picked before the solar term (half-month) gǔyǔ , lit. ‘grain rain’, corresponding to a period in late April and early May, which carries associations of youth. With sense B. 1b compare the development of a specific sense ‘boy, male adolescent’ for noun uses of the weak masculine form in other Germanic languages (compare e.g. Dutch jongen and German Junge , now the usual words for ‘boy’ in these languages); uses as noun of the weak neuter form with reference to animals (compare sense B. 2a) are also paralleled in other Germanic languages from an early date. With sense B. 3 compare earlier youth n. and youngth n.
A. adj.For coverage of the comparative and superlative forms, see younger adj. and youngest adj. Where important for the history of a particular use, quotations for the comparative younger are included at this entry.
I. Of a living person or thing.
1. That has lived or existed for a relatively short time; that is in the early stage of life or growth; youthful; juvenile. Opposed to old adj. I.
a. Of a person.young feller-me-lad, young married, young stager, etc.: see the second element. Some more established uses of this type are treated as main entries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > young (of beings)
littleeOE
youngOE
younglyOE
younglinga1250
little waxena1325
greena1398
imperfecta1398
primec1429
unold?1440
juvync1450
novelc1450
unaged1486
in youth's flowers?1507
unbearded1560
unweaned1581
whelpish1586
ungrown1593
under-age1594
unhatched1601
infantine1603
springalda1614
unbakeda1616
unlickeda1616
juvenile1625
lile1633
juvenal1638
bloomy1651
youngish1667
blooming1676
puerilea1680
youngerly1742
steerish1789
chota1814
white-shoe1960
α.
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 70/2 Lactantes : pueri, infantes, iunge cildre.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xviii. 219 Se wæs wintrum geong & on his þeawum eald & gedefe.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1212 Ȝiff þu..hafesst ȝet tohh þu be ȝung. Ellderrne manness late.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 31 (MED) A meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres.
c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) 209 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 7 On ouewarde he i-saiȝ a luyte ȝong child.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 3234 Tho was ther gret merveile on honde, That he..so wys a knyht, His lif upon so young a wyht Besette wolde in jeupartie.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 147 Ful seelde is, þat ȝong folk wyse been.
c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) l. 707 Vp he toke þat fayre ladye, And þe ȝonge chylde her by.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 322 His air..his land sall weild, All be he neuir so ȝhoung of eild.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Ki The nourceis sitte seuerall alone with their yonge suckelinges.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 185 Philip..died young before his Father.
1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 3 Who like Augustus young, Was call'd to Empire, and had Govern'd long.
1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom I. viii. 48 He culled from the library..certain dangerous books, calculated to debauch the minds of young people.
1781 W. Blane Ess. on Hunting Pref. p. x Stories of the young and ingenuous Peasant torn from his weeping Parents, and..banished.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. xvi. 347 Young in years but old in griefs.
1852 D. M. Mulock Agatha's Husband vii Judging such things by what they were when I was young.
1910 H. Johnston Brit. across Seas, Afr. Pref. p. v A concise history..which would not be too abstruse for young students.
1966 ‘D. Shannon’ With Vengeance i. 19 Ordinary young couple—out on a date, come out of a movie, stop to have a malt.
2003 Bitch Fall 10/1 Never let anyone underestimate..you just because you're young and cute and know how to accessorize.
β. OE Cynewulf Elene 353 Ic up ahof eaforan gingne ond bearn cende.OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: Mark xvi. 5 Uiderunt iuuenem sedentem : gisegun gingne esne sittende.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4049 Ðe ginge wimmen of ðin lond, Faiger on sigte an softe on hond.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3224 A sargiant..þat had ben als of his fostring, Ai siþen he was a barn ying.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 6749 That ageynys oo maydyn tendyr & ying Fyfty greth clerkys þou doost furth bryng.a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 924 Forleyn was his doughter yyng.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiii. 198 As soone as thei hem saugh, thei ne douted nothinge so small a peple that were so ynge.1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.iiv I wyll the fynde whyle thou art yinge So thou wylte be obedyent to my byddynge.1570 R. Sempill Poysonit Schot (single sheet) In him I hope releif, Of ȝeiris thocht he be ȝing.c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 65 Sueit thing Bening And ȝing.1616 Barbour's Actes & Life Bruce (Hart) 378 Edward his sonne that was ying, In England crowned then was King.γ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1560 He wes a ȝenge [c1300 Otho ȝong] king.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 24030 Þat wreche womman ȝeng [rhyme steng].?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 591 (MED) He had sex childre ȝeng A lang tyme in his kepyng.c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 10618 There was no maide of none ospryng So holy of lyf old nor yeng.1481 R. Cely Let. 4 June in Cely Lett. (1975) 106 Sche ys as goodly a ȝenge whomane: as fayr, as whelbodyd [etc.].1538 D. Lindsay Complaynte & Test. Popiniay sig. C.iiv And of his court through Ewrop sprang the fame Of lusty lordes and lufsome ladyes yeng.
b. In various collocations used as a form of address, esp. when expressing a reproof or warning. See also young lady n. 1b, young man n. 1b, young woman n. 1b.Sometimes with patronizing connotations.
ΚΠ
OE Cynewulf Elene 464 Ongit, guma ginga, godes heahmægen.
OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) v. 6 Beseah ða mid irlicum andwlitan to him and cwæð: ‘Ðu iunga man, þu eart feor fram rihte.’
1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion iii. xi. f. cxxiiijv Lerne thou yong foole that that I axe is dette to me by either wey.
1542 C. Goodwin in tr. Maydens Dreme Prohemye sig. A.i Beholde..you yonge virgyns,..Here is a pamphlet,..Where..you maye lerne and se, Howe vycyous loue, you shulde eschewe and fle.
1581 T. Lupton Persuasion from Papistrie 276 The Captaine hereat cleane amazed, said, thou yong villen & traitor, where and of whom learnedst thou this lesson.
1640 J. Mabbe tr. M. de Cervantes Exemplarie Novells iii. 119 And thou (oh young Gallant) art such a one, who thinkst to carry all before thee.
a1689 A. Behn Mem. Court King of Bantam 11 in Hist. & Novels (1697) What think you, young Kinsman and Counsellor?
1761 G. Colman Jealous Wife ii. 13 Ah, you silly young Dog.
1795 J. J. C. Timaeus tr. F. Schiller Cabal & Love i. vi. 17 Not yet, young fool—I have heard enough; and now I have found you out.
1831 Lady's Bk. June 316/1 Look to thy own wits, young chap.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. iii. iii. 34 Well, young sir, we've been talking as we should want your pen and ink.
1934 P. G. Wodehouse Right ho, Jeeves xix. 244 ‘I'm surprised at you, young Angela.’ ‘I don't see why.’ I curled the lip about half an inch. ‘Being a female, you wouldn't.’
1956 Rotarian Oct. 64/3 See here, young feller,..yer can't commit perjury in this here court.
2006 J. Caithness Revenge Denied lv. 196 ‘You young bastard,’ Baker screamed into the receiver... ‘I will get you for this!’
c. Also with capital initial. Used to distinguish the younger of two people of the same name or title in a family (esp. a son from his father). Also with the and (formerly) used postpositively. Cf. younger adj. 1b.In early use as a byname and surname also sometimes used to distinguish unrelated people of the same name (cf. e.g. quot. OE2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > junior person > [adjective]
youngOE
youngerOE
puisne1565
minor1575
puny1579
junior1623
jun.1708
mi1791
Junr.1813
tertius1870
OE Grant of Land, Ely (Sawyer 1218a) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 144 Þonne wæron þas to gewitnesse þe heron geswyteliað, Ælfhelm his hlaford..& Ælfhelm se gunge & his twegen sunu.
OE Royal Charter: Æðelred II to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 914) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1024 Ic Wulfstan ealda gewitnys. Ic Wulfstan geonga gewitnys.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1087 Innan þam castele wæron swiðe gode cnihtas: Eustatius þe iunga & Rogeres eorles þreo sunan.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 48 Þe holy mayde sare þet zeþþe wes yonge thobyes wyf.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 123 (MED) Þe oost of Siria wolde slee Lisia and þe ȝonge [L. juniorem] Antiochus þat was aboute forto regne.
?a1461 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 55 Yn Abraham tyme, and in Balky tyme the yongge.
1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. cxli The father Henry, to Irelande went Tyll young Henry the kyng was dead and spent.
1572 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 23 For maring of zoung Quein Marie with Prince Edward.
1613 T. Potts Wonderfull Discov. Witches sig. E2 Hee also saith, that..he dwelled with one Robert Nutter the elder... And that yong Robert Nutter, who dwelled with his Grand-father,..fell sicke.
1695 J. Crull tr. S. von Pufendorf Introd. Hist. Principal Kingdoms Europe iv. 110 The French and Scots, joining with young Henry, fell upon Henry II. all at one time.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 184 The chief Leaders, Nathaniel Fiennes and young Sr Harry Vane.
1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom II. xlii. 49 Young Melvil..implicitely believed the story and protestations of Fathom.
1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond II. i. 20 Young Ormond was the son of the friend of Sir Ulick O'Shane's youthful and warm-hearted days.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay xi. 178 Lady Frances keeps her dower, and young Deering the estates for his life.
1928 W. Raymond Under Spreading Chestnut Tree 58 His father being alive he still went by the name of ‘the young John Snook’, and only awaited the decease of his parent to become plain John Snook.
2004 I. Anderson Words Advice for Young People i. ii. 19 Old Mr McBumey's dead now. It's Young Mr McBurney who runs the business.
d. Of an animal, or its flesh used as food.
ΚΠ
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxx. 228 Bete & mealwe & brassica & þisum gelica gesodene ætgædre mid geonge swines flæsce.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xv. 23 Adducite uitulum saginatum et occidite : lædað ging oxo fætt & ofslaeð.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 201 Ðe neddre bileued hire hude baften hire, and cumeð newe fel and hie wurð jung.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2308 (MED) Our wurþi werwolf..lauȝt vp þe ȝong lyoun liȝtly in his mouþe.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 54 Take kydes Fleyssche & ȝong porke.
1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 79 A yong hors of the Quenes.
1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. Ev As soone goes the yong sheep to the pot as the olde.
1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations v. 20 Pullets or young Hens.
1684 E. Prat Short Treat. Metal & Mineral Waters 58 In general..young [salmon] (but not the very least) better then old; notwithstanding the old Proverb, Young Flesh, and old Fish.
1724 A. Ramsay Ever Green II. 233 A tunefull Robin trig and zung.
1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) xvii. 280 Take six pounds of young pork, free it from bone and skin.
1842 Fraser's Mag. Jan. 25/1 He had undergone a field-training; and was as sprightly a young dog as ever flushed a woodcock.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 210 Common Skua... It is believed to protect the young lambs from the attacks of the eagle.
1922 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 31 Oct. 5/5 Just imagine tender young pork..and the delicious flavor of an especially prepared home-made sauerkraut.
1953 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles I. 180 Young birds..are more grey-green, that colour replacing the brighter apple-yellow of the adult.
2005 Horse June 35/1 Lungeing forms a crucial stage in starting a young horse, as it teaches it to listen and respond to the trainer.
e. Of a plant, or its parts or products.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > young
youngeOE
greeneOE
yearling1657
eOE Blickling Glosses 258/1 Nouella oliuarum : þa gingan eletriow.
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) lxxx. 120 Genim þas..wyrte gladiolum þonne heo geong sy.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1134 Þar tron shulle a ȝere blowe An ȝunge [a1300 Jesus Oxf. yonge] sedes springe & growe.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxvii. 1069 Ȝonge vynes..ben ycleped propagines, and ben þe furste spray.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1418 Þar ras o þam thre wandes yong.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 11 (MED) Do þer to sage and persely ȝoyng.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 184 The rosis yong..War powderit brycht with hevinly beriall droppis.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 349 There is a man haunts the Forrest, that abuses our yong plants with caruing Rosalinde on their barkes. View more context for this quotation
1670 L. Meager Eng. Gardener 28 You may be sure to find them by gently opening the young leaves, with a needle or pin point.
1716 H. Stevenson Young Gard'ner's Director 108 Young Onions.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. ii. 25 The milk that flows from the leaf of a young fig-tree.
1828 G. F. Lyon Jrnl. Resid. & Tour Mexico II. 249 The cattle..make sad incursions amongst the young crops.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 29 The heart wood is..of a darker colour than the soft or young wood.
1893 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 534 Brown coolies are picking the young shoots, now in full ‘flush’ after a heavy shower.
1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. xx. 606 Lemon Grass... The young leaves contain the largest quantity of oil.
1960 N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xiv. 456 The fringe of the mangrove, at least where it does not consist of young pioneer plants, is made up of tall trees.
2008 K. V. Peter in L.-J. Lin & C. G. Kau Underutilized & Underexploited Hort. Crops IV. 170 Harvesting of young fruits typically starts from 50–60 days after planting.
2.
a. Of a part of the body, faculty, personal quality, etc.: belonging to or characteristic of a young person or young people.See also an old head on (also upon) young shoulders at head n.1 Phrases 3o(b).
ΚΠ
OE Fortunes of Men 5 Wer ond wif in woruld cennað bearn mid gebyrdum ond mid bleom gyrwað.., oþþæt seo tid cymeð.., þæt þa geongan leomu, liffæstan leoþu, geloden weorþað.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1434 His ȝunge [a1300 Jesus Oxf. yonge] blod hit draȝeþ amis.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 251 He was wonder sory, and ful hertly wepte wiþ his ȝonge eyne.
a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 1095 As my witte coude best suffise Aftyr my yonge childely wit..I. be-set hit To loue her.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1025 My fleyssh, whych was all dede of oldenes, ys becom agayne yonge.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 308 Ane ȝoung stomack..of groiss meittis..ma tak skayth and harme.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciiij Hauyng a yonge and a lusty courage,..he set on hys enemyes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 47 By Loue, the yong, and tender wit Is turn'd to folly. View more context for this quotation
1654 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes II. iii. ii. 96 Love did kindle in these two young hearts.
1705 M. Pix Conquest of Spain iii. 26 A Heart already fill'd With the soft Charms of a young trusting Innocence.
a1797 M. Wollstonecraft Wrongs of Woman (1798) I. vii. 150 He had a forcible manner of speaking,..calculated to engage the attention of a young and ardent mind.
1820 L. Hunt Indicator 26 Apr. 229 Some opinions of ours, exaggerated by party feeling and a young thoughtlessness.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xi. 248 She..made eyes at him, and directed her young smiles at him.
1911 W. J. Locke Glory of Clementina i. 10 Tommy, with his keen young vision, had summed him up in a few words.
1938 D. C. Peattie Prairie Grove xiii. 82 Yes, here they lived; they were foaled and dropped here and got to their shaking young legs.
2010 Observer (Nexis) 15 Aug. 26 What chance of trying to get young heads round diphthongs and datives?
b. Done, made, or occurring in (one's) youth; experienced, felt, achieved, etc., when young.
ΚΠ
a1566 R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (1576) 2 In youthfull yeeres when fyrst my young desyres began, To pricke mee foorth to serue in Court.
1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) xl Me thinkes I still remember the old feruour of my young pastimes.
a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iv. i. 177 She..was the same daughter to the King of Tunis, whose young errours I have related to you.
1719 I. Mather Duty of Parents to pray for Children 89 What Horrors of Soul, will perplex you, when young Sins and old Bones will meet, in your grievous and furious Reflections.
1767 W. Dodd Poems 2 Thou, sweet nymph, Wast the lov'd produce of their first young bliss.
1833 H. B. Onyon Minstrel Wanderer ii. 82 Baneful retrospection, then, annoys, By showing in her mirror our young deeds.
1878 J. H. Alexander Lights on Way i. 44 Her aunt in vain tried to comfort her with garrulous denunciations of male humanity in general, and even condescended upon some of her own young experiences.
1901 School Jrnl. 19 Oct. 389/1 His first young work that won the glory of his first young prize in life!
1925 R. F. Rattray S. Butler i. 15 Disrespectful writings in the college magazine could be passed over as young indiscretions.
1972 N.Y. Mag. 15 May 54/1 It had disappointed all her young hopes of what marriage should be.
2008 New Yorker 22 Dec. 63/3 The fantasy of rural life offered by the cellphone novels, with their tropes of teen pregnancy and young love, has proved irresistible.
c. Of clothing: worn by, characteristic of, or suitable for a young person or youth.
ΚΠ
a1627 W. Rowley & T. Middleton Wit at Severall Weapons iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Llllll2/2 This broad brim'd hat..with the young hat-band, made for a sucking Devil of two years old.
1698 J. Crowne Caligula i. 2 Thou hast wander'd far from Youth, And thy young dress tells scandalous untruth.
1846 New-York Observer 25 July 120/2 He never..wore a young wig to show how much ashamed he was of having been born so long ago.
1887 Churchman 23 Apr. 476/1 She carefully darned amazing holes in a dozen pairs of young stockings.
1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxxv. 157 Frocks which were too showy for her position and too young for her years.
1977 J. Allison & R. Scantlin Stand by your Beds, Boys ii. 41 Mushroom is such a young color you see, it suits you so well.
2005 S. Wiggs Table for Five xix.176 She wore a cloud-soft white angora sweater that should have looked too young on her, but didn't.
3. Of a person: that has the mental or physical characteristics of someone younger; youthful; esp. retaining the enthusiasm or energy of the young. Also in negative sense: immature.In quot. OE in a Christian context with reference to the innocence of the very young.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > youthful (of beings)
youngOE
young-like1530
young-old1558
youthly1566
youthlike1582
youthful1590
young-eyed1600
youthsome1661
youthy1712
early1814
OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) lv. 333 In quibusdam te exhibe senem, in quibusdam te infantem : on sumum þe gegearwa ealdne on sumum þe geongne.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xiii. sig. e.iiiv To se the a quene, wyll make vs yonge agayne.
1576 G. Baker in tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health Ep. Ded. sig. Aijv This newe Iewell will make the weake to become strong, and the olde crooked age appeare yong and lustye.
1604 Bachelers Banquet iii. sig. C4 Shee leades a Ladies life, looking so young and lustie, that I may seeme to be her mother.
1676 T. D'Urfey Siege of Memphis ii. i. 14 'Twould warm the sinews of enervate Kings, And make 'em young once more.
1712 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c6 Dec. (1965) I. 173 Tis a Maxim with me to be young as long as one can.
1796 Agatha III. 67 We shall still feel young and gay when we see our children so around us.
1858 A. Trollope Dr. Thorne I. iii. 62 Mr. Gresham was young for his age, and the doctor old.
1894 M. Pemberton Sea Wolves i Why, man, she must be a hundred and four, and young at that.
1928 M. Mead Coming of Age in Samoa v. 63 She was ten, but young for her age, a quiet, listless child, reluctant to take the initiative.
1968 D. Tangye Way to Minack v. 58 I had lost some of my edgy ways, and I no longer felt very young.
2013 K. S. Golding et al. Observing Children with Attachment Diffic. in School ix. 76 A child with attachment difficulties is likely to be emotionally young.
4. Designating the early part of (one's) life, as young age, young days, etc. Frequently with possessive adjective.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > youthful (of attributes)
youngOE
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [noun]
youthc897
youngheada1300
youngthc1330
juvent1377
juventy1377
first youtha1387
youthheada1400
joyfnesc1400
junessec1430
young daysa1464
juventudec1470
younga1475
youngness?1505
flower?1507
juventute1541
prime tide1549
spring1553
April1583
springtime1583
nonage1584
prime1584
flowering youth1586
primrose1590
greenc1595
dancing-days1599
primrose-time1606
leaping timea1616
salad daysa1616
minority1632
juvenency1656
coltagec1720
youdith1723
veal-bones1785
whelphood1847
colthood1865
OE Beowulf (2008) 1843 Ne hyrde ic snotorlicor on swa geongum feore guman þingian.
OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) lix. 99 Si ipse puer minori aetate est : gif he þæt sylfe cild on iunre ylde is.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 53 Children in ȝonge age.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 103 Whan his ȝong dayes were go, he went to Rome.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxxix At these yong yeres of age.
c1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xiv. 27 Than vp thow rasit to reule my Ring, In to my tender yeiris ȝing.
c1610–15 Life St. Cuthburge in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 77 Cuthburge..from her yong yeares soughte to please Christ.
1657 I. B. Heroick Educ. App. iv. sig. I7 Cyrus in his young age being bred up amongst country peasants, did not know his own extraction.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 102 She had fallen into very ill Company in London in her young Days.
1799 Monthly Mag. May 336/1 He had emerged from the overwhelming obscurity which clouded his young years.
1823 C. Lamb South-sea House in Elia 6 He wore his hair..in the fashion which I remember to have seen in caricatures of what were termed, in my young days, Maccaronies.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xvi. 194 The delusion which had blighted her young years.
1907 Truth (Sydney) 14 July 1/8 ‘Girls are not like they were in my young days,’ said an elderly ironbark lady seated in an Abbotsford tram.
1949 P. Grainger Let. 23 Nov. in All-round Man (1994) 238 Most people who inherit money, or earn it themselves professionally in their young years, come to a prosperity halt fairly early in life.
1963 S. Olson Young H. Ford xvii. 164/1 At this moment in his young life he has only two distinctions: he is clean shaven..; and he never makes a mistake.
1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 15 Nov. 41/1 I was taught at a young age that if you're not having fun at something, then it's time to go.
5.
a. New to a position, occupation, status, or place; newly or recently recruited. Also: inexperienced or unpractised (at, in, †on, or †of a subject, profession, etc.); raw, green. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > inexperienced
youngOE
unfraisted?a1400
rudec1489
raw1534
unfleshed1542
untraded1542
fresh water?1548
unpractised1551
unexperienced1569
unacquainted1581
prenticea1586
fresh-watered1590
unsifted1604
unseen1606
unexperient1609
inexperienced1626
low water1643
inexperient1670
unproficient1794
nyoung1852
punk1907
raggedy-ass1930
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > not used or accustomed > not used or experienced
youngOE
inexpertc1450
unfleshed1542
green1548
fresha1557
callow1580
pen-feathered1598
puisne1598
puny1602
unfledgeda1616
inexperienced1626
pin-feathered1641
sucking1648
infledgeda1661
inexperient1670
fledgeless1769
wet behind the ears1851
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective] > recently come into a state or position > new to a situation or place (of person)
young1497
upspring1603
Johnny-come-lately1953
OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 34 Tiro, geong cempa.
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 256 [In rudibus] & neutericis [catholicae fidei sectatoribus] : .i. nouellis, nouiter conuersis, nouitiis, iungum.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 4 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 159 Þah ich bo a wintre ald, to ȝung ich em on rede.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 162 Nou yziȝ ane yongne boryeis and ane newene kniȝt.
1497 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1497 §10. m. 4 The seid feliship and marchauntes of London take of every Englissh man or yonge merchaunte beyng there att his first commyng .xx.li. sterling.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) vii Quhich to declare my scole is ouer yong.
1550 T. Cranmer Def. Sacrament f. 87 He is but a yonge newe author in the respect of those which we haue brought in for our party.
1561 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 101 Men in this vocatioun..suld nocht be ȝoung of leirning.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 143 We are yet but yong indeed. View more context for this quotation
1650 T. Hubbert Pilula 161 Its not with thee as with a yong Christian.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 80 I was but young at the work.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 77 We are still so young in the study of Nature.
1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn xxxi ‘Matey, what station are you on?’ ‘Maraganoa’, says he. ‘So’, says I, ‘you're rather young there, ain't you?’
1872 Cape Argus 11 May 3 He was young to the work, but with the advice of his experienced colleague..he had no doubt he would come right.
1914 T. McCulla Hist. Cherokee County, Iowa I. xx. 184 While young in the practice here, Mr. Blanchard is not young in the practice of law.
1990 Verbatim 17 7/2 When I was young at the bar I heard with delight an old lawyer..speak grandly of the court of nisi prius.
b. Of an act, work, etc.: characteristic of a young or inexperienced person; juvenile; naive; (of experience) minimal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > young person > [adjective] > young and inexperienced
younga1200
callow1580
coltisha1586
pen-feathered1598
kitling1604
unfledgeda1616
codlinged1661
calfish1772
cubbish1819
vealy1890
preppy1900
a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) 10 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 220 Fele idel word ich habbe ispeken seðen ich speken cuðe, And fele ȝeunge [?c1250 Egerton ȝuinge] dade idon þe me ofðinkeð nuðe.
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. vi. xi. 650 These his yonge vntiedy Argumentes.
1640 Bp. J. Hall Christian Moderation ii. 88 Calvin was stigmatiz'd for a buggerer; Beza (upon occasion of some yong Poems for meere tryall of wit) a profligate lover of his Andibertus.
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 9 To excuse his young Experience.
1718 J. Hughes Let. 25 Oct. in J. Duncombe Lett. Several Eminent Persons Deceased (1773) I. 205 The publisher has..inserted some trifles of mine which were very young performances.
1839 Fraser's Mag. Dec. 683/2 ‘The Death of Elizabeth’ is a raw, young performance seemingly—not, at least, to my taste.
1862 F. Barrow Wife's Stratagem i. 19 He heard her say on one occasion that she wrote poetry—she meant rhymes, young poetry, ‘veal’.
1920 J. Farr Great Experience v. 68 He loved Edith with a strong devotion, which her young experience did not value.
1998 M. Secrest Stephen Sondheim (2011) xiv. 273 It was very young work and I was persuaded to try to be poetic.
II. Of an inanimate thing.
6.
a. Of a (material or immaterial) thing: recently formed, introduced, created, etc.; new.In quot. a1450 with overtones of ‘objectionably new, newfangled, monstrous’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adjective] > newly come into existence
youngeOE
new-sprungc1485
recent1513
new-risen1555
upstart1565
new-fallena1618
started-up1764
eOE Metrical Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn (Corpus Cambr. 422) i. 138 .H. onetteð, engel hine scierpeð, Cristes cempan, on cwicum wædum..geonges hrægles.
OE Guthlac B 1042 Ic siþþan mot fore meotudes cneowum meorda hleotan, gingra geafena.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 372 Loue, desijr, dreede, and alle þe oþere inward endewingis..newe brouȝt forþ bi illumynacioun and practik þerupon maad ben tendre and ȝonge, vnrootid and vnstablid.
a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 799 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 97 And alle siche ȝonge impossibilitees folowen þerof.
?1569 T. Underdowne tr. Heliodorus Æthiopian Hist. vii. f. 93v A little yonge yellowe bearde.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. v. f. 77v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Oxforde hath Oxforde shyre onely, a verye yonge Iurisdiction, erected by kyng Henry the eyght.
1670 T. Tenison Creed Mr. Hobbes 161 Natural Philosophie is but young; but civil Philosophie yet much younger.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 Such are the Symptoms of the young Disease. View more context for this quotation
1747 J. Smith Chronicon Rusticum-commerciale II. lxxxiii. 9 This Manufacture (for Exportation) is but young, and few, (comparatively) are yet employed in it.
1776 E. Thompson Life in A. Marvell Wks. III. 450 He seems very early in this young parliament to be dissatisfied.
1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn xxxviii It's a young country, but there's been muckle wickedness done in it.
1886 L. Cumming Electricity i. iv. 63 It is..necessary, while the ship is young, to make a new correction for magnetism after each voyage.
1913 Times 13 Sept. 15/6 A severe tax on a young concern not earning profits.
1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain 84 If those rivers testify, as they do, to the erosional disassembling of raw young mountains, then so did the rock before us.
2013 Monitor (McAllen, Texas) (Nexis) 12 Oct. In many places, McAllen would seem like a very young city and a young town, and we have so many people moving in from other places that don't have Valley roots.
b. Of food or drink: newly made or brewed; not aged or mature.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective]
youngOE
munchy1977
the world > food and drink > drink > types or qualities of beverage > [adjective]
young1628
OE Prognostics (Tiber.) (2007) 308 Caseum recentem accipere, lucrum significat : cyse geongne onfon gestreon getacnað.
1628 H. Burton Tryall Private Devotions sig. Lv Was not his naturall affection earnestly busied in licking his young Beere while it past the Presse.
1690 T. Tryon New Art of Brewing 36 Those that have a mind to avoid this Inconveniency, ought to Tun or put up their Drink young, as the Brewers calls it, that is, before it hath firmented too much.
1740 T. Lediard German Spy (ed. 2) vii. 57 50 Hogsheads of young Wine, put together in one Cask, would appear to be older, at the End of five Years, than the like Quantity, in single Hogsheads.
1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 101 Frost is very detrimental to Cheese if permitted to get into it, especially, soft young Cheese.
1822 J. Tuck Private Brewer's Guide 32 The art of mixing stale or returned beer with fresh brewed beer,..to bring young beer forward.
1880 O. Crawfurd Portugal 253 New port wine—the trade speak of it as young wine.
1912 J. P. Sheldon Dairying xix. 369 By withholding the salt for some hours the young cheese will begin to sour, if not too cold.
1949 L. G. Green In Land of Afternoon 59 Young wine, not matured but about six months old, is known as Vaaljapie.
2009 W. Gisslen Professional Baking ix. 124 Made-up units to be retarded are made from young dough.
c. Designating the moon at an early stage in the lunar cycle, soon after the time of the new moon. Also: designating the sun at a time just after the vernal equinox or (more loosely) in the season of spring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > a month or calendar month > [adjective] > of lunar month > of age of moon
youngOE
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. i. 124 Þæs Easterlican dæges mona, he ne mæg beon læssa, þæt ys geongra, þonne xv, ne yldra þonne xxi.
a1400 in G. R. Keiser Middle Eng. ‘Bk. Stones’ (1984) 7 Whanne the yonge mone is faire, than is it of more gentil colour.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 8 The yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his half cours yronne.
c1450 in Mod. Philol. (1924) 21 389 (MED) The yong veryssh sonne in aryeet..with his mekely heet..ys the second cause of generacion..Of al vital lyf.
1532 Remedy of Love in Wks. G. Chaucer f. ccclxviiv/1 Is the moone yonge, & of lyght dulle.
1599 J. Davies Hymnes Astræa 3 Iolly Spring doth enter, Sweete young Sun-beames do subdue Angry, aged winter.
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 13 The Moone likewise (but yong in dayes) His [sc. the Rubicon's] feeding springs doth higher raise.
1751 G. West Education 21 When the young Sun with flowery Maia rides.
1781 C. Lofft Eudosia vi. 144 Here Saturn re-appears: pleas'd we behold The Sun of our own system, scarce perceiv'd, Like the young Moon when first her crescent dawns.
1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 11 When the young moon is westering as now.
1849 H. W. Herbert Frank Forester III. 95 The dark azure vault, up which the thread-like crescent of the young moon was climbing.
1887 A. Story Fifine I. 62 A young moon hanging like a handleless sickle in the sky.
1925 A. B. Keith Relig. & Philos. Veda & Upanishads viii. 121 The Teutonic Ostara and the Lettish Uhsing represent rather a worship of the young sun in the spring.
1961 Boys' Life July 10/2 Over Beacon Hill a young moon appeared, casting shadows on the streets.
1991 Pop. Sci. Dec. 105/2 The welder's glass reveals the narrow crescent that hides within this glow, imitating the appearance of a young moon at dusk.
d. Of a period of time: not far advanced; only just begun; early. Frequently in predicative use. Now chiefly in the night is young at night n. 6b.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 492 This hanselle hatȝ Arthur of auenturus on fyrst, In ȝonge ȝer.
?1553 Respublica (1952) iii. iii. 25 It ys but yong daies yet.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 157 Romeo. Is the day so young? Ben: But new stroke nine. View more context for this quotation
1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. D Ha, fast? my Roba fast? and but young night.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 51 While yet the Spring is young . View more context for this quotation
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 185 When young Spring protrudes the bursting gems.
1783 Sc. Mag. Apr. 176/1 Young day dawns—and Phœbus smiles again.
a1851 D. M. Moir Poems (1852) I. 305 Skiey robes, The tincture of the young Year's finest blue.
1882 Times 16 Feb. 9/3 While the Session is yet young, one day is pretty much like another.
1926 T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars (subscribers' ed.) lxiii. 332 Day was still young as we rode between two great pikes of sandstone.
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 20 Sept. 14/5 In the first two Saturdays of the young football season,..the mid-West and Duke again have their power-house elevens.
1990 S. Morgan Homeboy ii. 18 Chill out, the night's still young.
2013 New Musical Express 30 Mar. 39/4 The night is young! Oh, hang on, I see a vibekill on the horizon.
e.
(a) Of ice: that has relatively recently formed; spec. (of sea ice) that is between 10 and 30 cm (4 and 12 inches) thick. Cf. new adj. 7d, old adj. 11e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [adjective] > consisting of newly-formed ice particles
new1599
young1678
sludgy1853
1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum 65 When in the open Sea, or at the Shoar, the Tide or a great Wave shall arise, this young and tender Ice will presently be washt away.
1774 C. J. Phipps Voy. N. Pole 60 The pools of water in the middle of the pieces were frozen over with young ice.
1784 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. I. Introd. p. lxxxiii The circumambient ice..was..covered with snow, excepting where the pools of water on part of the surface appeared crystalline with the young ice.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xv. 109 The ‘young’, or as it is called by the whalers, the ‘bay ice’.
1869 H. T. Vandervell & T. M. Witham Syst. Figure-skating v. 104 Go, if the ice is young, or decaying from a thaw, to very, very shallow water.
1919 E. Shackleton South i. 11 In obedience to renewed pressure this young ice ‘rafts’, so forming double thicknesses of a toffee-like consistency.
1965 Proc. Permafrost Internat. Conf. 1963 551/2 Comparison of ice from old and young and active and inactive massive ice bodies.
2004 P. Lively in Slightly Foxed Winter 31 Herds of belukha whale seen beneath sheets of young ice.
(b) Of a wind, storm, etc.: newly arisen.
ΚΠ
1685 B. Ringrose Bucaniers Amer. xxii. 170 About ten of the clock a young breeze sprang up, and with that, we stood away West, and W. by S.
1737 J. Thurston Poems Several Occasions (ed. 2) 120 The young winds the fragrant scent exhale.
1785 T. Dwight Conquest of Canäan ii. 31 Young breezes spring, and balmy fragrance blows.
1821 L. E. Landon Fate of Adelaide 93 The young storm, Rolling its gather'd darkness o'er the sky.
1890 W. Drysdale Princess of Montserrat iv. 28 The wind was rising. Rising! it was blowing a young gale already.
1922 Motor Boating Sept. 72/2 The wind was young, because it was coming from new parts: the storm just finished had hailed from the south-east and this one was blowing from the northwest.
1946 M. Peake Titus Groan 207 The increasing volume of the sudden rain was joined by the first howls of a young wind.
2007 Pop. Sci. Aug. 65 Pinpointing such hot towers enables scientists to make more precise predictions about whether a young storm will intensify or fizzle.
f. Of tea: made from leaves picked early in the year.Also in the names of particular varieties of tea made from such leaves, esp. young hyson.
ΚΠ
1794 T. Jefferson Let. 9 Oct. in Papers (2000) XXVIII. 179 Young hyson we prefer both for flavor and strength, but if you have none good, let it be hyson of the antient kind.
1830 Minutes Evid. Sel. Comm. Lords Affairs E. India Company 694 A fresh Tea..is a weaker Tea; not a strong coarse Tea. It does not mean that it is a young Tea.
1837 Mag. Pop. Sci. 3 252 The siftings, that is, the smaller leaves, are called young twankay and young hyson.
1838 Natchez (Mississippi) Daily Courier 25 Oct. (advt.) Just received per steam Ship..Goshen Cheese..Hyson and young Teas.
1913 Youth's Compan. 25 Sept. 504/2 Aunt Nabby took strong old hyson tea, Aunt Lizzie a weaker decoction of the same, Aunt Nanny young hyson, and Miss Hannah souchong.
1948 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. 12/3 Pinhead gunpowder..and Young Hyson, which have been called the aristocrats of green teas, are also available.
2007 M. L. Heiss & R. J. Heiss Story of Tea iv. 172/1 One sip of this pale golden-green tea confirmed all of the characteristics that we had hoped to savor in tea this young.
7. Not full-size; small, diminutive. Now rare (colloquial or humorous).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > small of its kind
demi1418
young1550
minikin1566
dwarf-like1582
diminutive1602
minitive?1602
diminute1611
pocket1621
Lilliputian1726
duodecimo1780
toy1821
minified1841
junior1860
toy-sized1861
Lilliput1867
toyish1871
mini1963
1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Aviij We haue in England great corne countres groues yong sprynges great ryuers and swete brockes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 173 It is best to bring from the Sea, little Rockes with the weedes and all vppon them, and to place them in the middest of your Ponds, and to make a young Sea of them.
1686 A. Behn tr. B. de Bonnecorse La Montre 85 Ask me not, Why the flow'ry Spring, Or the Gay Little Birds,..Or the Young Streams, no more delight?
1854 ‘G. Greenwood’ Haps & Mishaps 10 I left Liverpool on an afternoon of unusual brightness, but plunged immediately into a young night, in the shape of the longest tunnel I ever passed through.
1885 W. T. Hornaday Two Years in Jungle xvii. 192 Such a weapon is really a young cannon.
1914 W. De Morgan When Ghost meets Ghost ii. vi. 504 She brought a couple of young loglets to keep a little life in the fire.
1956 ‘M. Innes’ Old Hall, New Hall iii. ii. 190 He's just taken delivery of a young lorry-load of picks and shovels.
†8. Of spectacles: containing lenses of relatively low magnifying power. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [adjective] > types of spectacles
steel-rimmeda1400
steelbowed1606
young1667
near-sighted1796
trifocal1826
steel-bow1834
pantoscopic1836
window glass1885
bifocal1888
horn-rimmed1894
pebbled1928
thick-lensed1946
single-vision1962
wire-rim1968
wire-frame1977
Lennon1984
1667 S. Pepys Diary 4 Nov. (1974) VIII. 519 To Turlington the great spectacle-maker..who dissuades me from useing old spectacles, but rather young ones.
1692 W. Molyneux Dioptrica Nova ii. iii. 209 When we first find our selves begin to require Spectacles, let us make choice of the flattest Convexities, that will possibly help our Eyes. These are usually called Young Spectacles.
1718 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. xii. xxi. 234 To speak in the Language of the Glass-Grinders, of younger or older Spectacles.
1781 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. III. 36 You must allow for my not being able to read my letter over. Alas! my young spectacles are ‘over the hills and far away’.
B. n.1
1.
a. With plural agreement. Chiefly with the: young people as a class. Frequently contrasted with old. Cf. young and old n. at Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > young person > [noun] > young people collectively
youngeOE
youthc897
maidhooda1200
youngth1484
youthhead1562
frya1577
younkery1594
Jack and Jill1621
jeunesse1673
youthhood1690
juvenility1823
jeunesse dorée1828
flaming youth1923
yoof1986
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxiii. 175 On oðre wisan mon sceal manian weras, on oðre wif; & on oðre wisan ealde, on oðre gionge [L. iuuenes].
OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) ii. 175 Æfre þa geongan wurðian þa ealdan, and þa ealdan lufien þa gingran.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4255 Uss birrþ clippenn all aweȝȝ. Þe flæshess fule wille..I weppmenn. & i wifmenn ec. Inn ȝunge. & ec inn alde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14197 Þa ȝeonge and þa alde. alle he aqualde.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2086 And how that love among the yonge Began the hertes thanne awake.
c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 244 (MED) Ȝonge woneþ, olde moneþ.
c1460 in R. Brotanek Mittelengl. Dichtungen MS 432 Trin. Coll. Dublin (1940) 158 (MED) Þouȝ þei be disseverid, þe olde from þe yinge, þeire entent and purpos corden all in oone.
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. lxiij The younge obeye their elders.
1648 tr. J.-F. Senault Paraphr. Job xii. 111 Wisdom and force which are divided betwixt the old & the young are united in him.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 207. ⁋1 Old Age, which is a Decay from that Vigour which the Young possess.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 20 The young contending as the old survey'd.
1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond II. i. 12 She saw herself surrounded by the young, the fair, and the gay.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate v I have always lived with people older than myself,..so I do not feel it, though it is very nice to be with the young.
1926 P. Russell Benjamin Franklin xxiv. 225 To make the services so short as to attract the young and lively.
1969 H. Perkin Key Profession v. 208 The growing demand on the part of the young and their parents for higher education.
2004 D. Dalton Rough Guide Philippines 19/2 Dengue can result in death, usually among the very young or very old, and serious cases call for hospitalization.
b. A young person, a youth. In later use chiefly in plural, with the: young people as a class. Now rare.In quot. a1400 with reference to an unborn child; cf. sense B. 2a. In quot. 1890 perhaps: a newcomer, a novice; cf. sense A. 5a.Apparently unattested between the 15th and 19th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > young person > [noun]
youngeOE
younglingOE
girlc1300
youtha1325
young onec1384
birdc1405
young person1438
young blood1557
primrosea1568
slip1582
juvenal1598
quat1607
airling1611
egga1616
saplinga1616
chita1657
a slip of a girla1660
juvenile1733
young adult1762
boots1806
snip1838
spring chicken1857
yob1859
kid1884
chiseller1922
juvenile adult1926
YA1974
yoof1986
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xlix. 385 Ðu gionga [L. adulescens], bio ðe uniðe to clipianne & to læranne.
OE Daniel 102 Þa se beorn bebead..sinum þegnum..þæt þam gengum þrym gad ne wære wiste ne wæde.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 20 Þa cwæð se geonga, eall þiss ic geheold.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 127 ‘Feren,’ quaþ he, ‘ȝonge [a1350 Harl. ȝynge], Ihc telle ȝou tiþinge.’
c1300 St. Thomas Apostle (Laud) l. 139 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 380 (MED) Þis ȝongues feollen a-doun to seint Thomas a-kneo.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 10977 (MED) Þu sal be dumb fra nou, Till þat he be borin, þat ȝung [Vesp. yung].
a1450 Quixley's Ballades in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1909) 20 43 Vlixes..Brak hir his trowth & toke another yhyng, Circes.
a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 77 This goodly yong and fresche of face.
1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Aug. 2/2 Although the ‘Olds’ have been the pioneers..of the movement, the ‘Youngs’ show an impatience with them at every meeting.
1923 E. Wharton Let. 1 Oct. (1988) 471 The mere description of N.Y. life as practised by the ‘youngs’ makes me long for my lazy terraces.
2010 R. Oyedola Love from Hate ii. 86 We've had a couple of foreigners who came but felt home sick within a month or two and threw in the towel. They're mostly the youngs like you.
2.
a. A young animal, esp. before or soon after birth or hatching.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [noun] > a young one
youngOE
planta1393
frotha1420
immature1866
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 5 Of ðam hunige hi bredað heora brod; and beoð acennede þa geongan mid mægðhade, and ða yldran wuniað on mægðhade.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Fijv A Scorpyon, whyche kylleth the yonges of the lyon with his venymous stynges.
1566 I. A. tr. Pliny Summarie Antiq. viii. sig. C.viiv The Females neuer haue but one yong in their lyues.
a1622 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs (1627) (Deut. xxii.) 92/1 If she were sitting but upon one young, or one egge, a man was bound to send her away.
1698 P. Berault First Serm. Repentance 8 in Rome Tyrannical It is easie to a Hedge-hog to thrust out her Youngs before their Bristles be grown strong.
1759 B. Stillingfleet tr. I. Biberg Oeconomy Nature in Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. 75 The elephant scarcely produces one young in two years.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 612/1 It [sc. the great seal] breeds about the month of March, and brings forth a single young on the ice.
1844 J. Richardson & J. E. Gray Zool. Voy. H.M.S. Erebus & Terror 4/1 Brit. Mus. two males, one female and one young.
1895 J. R. Manning Manning's Bk. Cattle, Sheep, Swine & Poultry vii. ii. 364 In animals usually having but one young at a time, the progeny pretty uniformly partake of the nature of both parents.
1914 A. Pitot in A. Macmillan Mauritius Illustr. 90 Even when the young was able to look after itself, the male and female did not separate.
1978 A. M. Husson Mammals Suriname 251 The young is carried by the mother on her back for a considerable period.
2011 J. P. Rafferty Primates iv. 81 The female [aye-aye] bears a single young.
b. With plural agreement. The offspring of an animal collectively, esp. before or soon after birth or hatching.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young
kindle?c1225
kitlinga1300
child1340
chita1382
birda1398
younga1398
kitten1495
baby1659
piccaninny1824
kit1957
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xlii. 1192 [The olephant] louteþ eueriche to oþer and tourneþ so aȝein to here owne place. And makeþ þe ȝonge to go tofore in þe turnynge aȝein.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xiii The tree where vpon the egle and his yonge were in theyr nest.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xvii. 11 The disceatfull maketh a nest, but bringeth forth no yonge.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 123 Gif a Sou eit his ȝoung, stane him.
1613 A. Whitaker Good Newes from Virginia 41 The female Possown..will let forth her young out of her bellie, and take them vp into her bellie againe at her pleasure without hurt to her selfe.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 107 'Tis with this rage, the Mother Lion stung, Scours o're the Plain; regardless of her young . View more context for this quotation
1728 J. Thomson Spring 39 The stately-sailing Swan..Bears onward fierce, and beats you from the Bank, Protective of his Young.
1766 London Mag. May 242/1 The worm, hatcht from the hornet fly's egg, is carniverous [sic]..and the young of the humble-bee are its destined prey.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas vii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 31 The brinded lioness led forth her young.
1849 Sketches Nat. Hist.: Mammalia IV. 63 The field mouse breeds twice in the year, producing from six to ten young at a time.
1904 Daily Chron. 31 Mar. 6/2 Herons..bringing their young little fishes captured from the pen-ponds close by.
1960 New Scientist 10 Mar. 578 When the parent birds return with hares and rodents to feed their young, the bushmen appropriate part of the catch.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies v. 128 Anecdotal reports of earwig mothers that physically assist their young in emerging from the egg.
†3. The time of life during which a person is young; youth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [noun]
youthc897
youngheada1300
youngthc1330
juvent1377
juventy1377
first youtha1387
youthheada1400
joyfnesc1400
junessec1430
young daysa1464
juventudec1470
younga1475
youngness?1505
flower?1507
juventute1541
prime tide1549
spring1553
April1583
springtime1583
nonage1584
prime1584
flowering youth1586
primrose1590
greenc1595
dancing-days1599
primrose-time1606
leaping timea1616
salad daysa1616
minority1632
juvenency1656
coltagec1720
youdith1723
veal-bones1785
whelphood1847
colthood1865
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1999) II. l. 10460 It was neuere noon oolde man..But þat he was strong in his ȝing.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 44 In þi ȝonge lerne god to plese.
1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. End 60 In the strong Estate of Man, and the sweet Time of younge.

Phrases

P1.
young and old n. (with plural agreement) young and old people alike; everyone. Cf. sense B. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > the generality > everyone
allOE
to wifeOE
everya1250
young and olda1400
everybodyc1405
all hands1655
tout le monde1825
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20495 Ȝong and ald and euer-ilkan All þar fell to slepe onan.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ix. 91 (MED) Therfor thou byd both old and ying That ich man know me for his kyng.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 29 Cum ȝung and auld, baith man and wyfe, I will ȝow giue Eternall lyfe.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. v. 13 Thus there was killing of yong and old . View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 34 When..young and old com forth to play On a Sunshine Holyday.
1740 L. Whyte Dissert. Fashions 66 Erst have I seen a little fellow, With Hat as large as Vmbrellow; It was the Mode for young and old.
1768 R. Hill Pietas Oxoniensis 16 Both young and old have had lewd women come to them in college.
1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama iv. 30 While young and old assembled round, Listened, as if by witchery bound.
1896 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 7 Mar. 486/1 All four corners of intersecting streets have their anti-schools, offering resorts and lounging places for young and old.
1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 83 American Cereals , such as post-toasties, honey-grains, puffed wheat, or puffed rice..could be used by young and old more plentifully than they are.
1975 S. Afr. Panorama Sept. 5 The ‘jumping beans’..are a source of great amusement to young and old.
2008 Daily Tel. 17 Apr. 15/5 Haggis was the only regional speciality recognised by both young and old.
P2.
a. with young: (of a female animal) pregnant. Cf. with child at child n. Phrases 1, with calf at calf n.1 1a, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [phrase] > pregnant
with young1542
in young1800
1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca sig. B.iiiv/1 Aërites, a precyous stone founden in an egles nest, whiche hath within it an other stone, as it were with yonge.
1566 T. Blundeville Bredynge of Horses iii. f. 18, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe All other beastes when they be with younge wil absteine from thact of generation.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. v. 35 So many Dayes, my Ewes haue bene with yong . View more context for this quotation
1664 I. Penington Many Deep Considerations State of Israel 11 Ye have already conceived and are with young, though ye know it not.
1734 Physical Ess. Parts Human Body & Animal Econ. xxxix. 212 Goats which have Milk, though they have not been with young, have a very great Force of Imagination.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 203 The cat goes with young fifty-six days.
1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 518 A mare goes somewhere about eleven months with young.
1869 R. B. Peacock Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale 35/1 ‘A geld cow or ewe’ = a cow or ewe not with young at the usual time.
1933 H. Danby tr. Mishnah 697 If the [Red] Heifer for the Sin-offering was with young it is valid. But the Sages declare it invalid.
2002 M. Burton & R. Burton Internat. Wildlife Encycl. (ed. 3) VII. 935/2 The disadvantage of ovovivipary in snakes is that the female is encumbered when she is with young.
b. in young: = with young at Phrases 2a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [phrase] > pregnant
with young1542
in young1800
1800 M. Keatinge tr. B. Díaz del Castillo True Hist. Conquest Mexico 419 Cortes ordered a number of sows in young to be turned out on these islands, to stock them.
1895 Fur Seal Arbitration in Executive Documents U.S. Senate (53rd Congr., 2nd Sess.) No. 177. 555 Cows in young are very uneasy, and hard to get.
1916 Country Gentleman 11 Nov. 2091/1 A doe in young should have plenty of fresh sweet milk.
P3. young with child: newly pregnant, in the early stages of pregnancy; (loosely) pregnant. Now historical and rare (chiefly U.S. in later use). [Compare earlier great with child (see great adj. 5).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > [adjective]
greatc1175
with childc1175
with childc1300
baggeda1400
bounda1400
pregnant?a1425
quicka1450
greaterc1480
heavyc1480
teeming1530
great-bellied1533
big1535
boundenc1540
impregnate1540
great-wombeda1550
young with child1566
gravid1598
pregnate1598
pagled1599
enceinte1602
child-great1605
conceived1637
big-bellieda1646
brooding1667
in the (also a) family way1688
in the (also that) way1741
undelivered1799
ensient1818
enwombeda1822
in a delicate condition1827
gestant1851
in pod1890
up the (also a) pole1918
in a particular condition1922
preg?1927
in the spud line1937
up the spout1937
preggy1938
up the stick1941
preggers1942
in pig1945
primigravid1949
preggo1951
in a certain condition1958
gestating1961
up the creek1961
in the (pudding) cluba1966
gravidated-
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > [adjective] > in early stages
privement enceinte1546
young with child1566
1566 W. Painter tr. O. Landi Delectable Demaundes ii. f. 50v Wherfore be women more heauye when they be yonge with childe [Fr. au commencement qu'elles sont enceintes], then when they be great and haue gone the moost parte of their time?
1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον i. 4 The Islanders of Tenedos, [honour] a Cow with calfe; after whose conception they tender her as much seruice, as to a woman young with child.
1652 J. French York-shire Spaw viii. 78 When they have been very young with child.
1687 Chirurgorum Comes iii. vii. iii. 542/2 When the Woman is young with Child, the little Foetus, called Embryo, is always found of a round figure a little oblong.
1713 R. Peirce Hist. & Mem. Bath xi. 206 Women with Child, young with Child; in the first Month, and Months; that have both bathed and drank the Waters, without any likelihood of Miscarrying.
1758 C. Lennox Henrietta I. i. x. 79 My mother, being young with child when my father died, miscarried.
a1800 T. Bellamy Beggar Boy (1801) III. 51 When my father was commanded on board, he left my mother young with child of me.
1837 E. Watson in Papers for Abolition Slavery (House of Commons) (1838) 5 181 Eliza Nathan..was in the workhouse before me; she was pregnant when she went in, quite young with child.
1885 St. Louis Courier Med. Mar. 281 Now if the husband is correct about the time,..she was very young with child, if at all at that time.
1933 C. McKay Banana Bottom vi. 65 When she was..young with child the Indians coming to the house..made such an impression upon her that it had resulted in the miracle of Yoni.
2008 S. Gulland Mistress of Sun iv. 195 She was officially young with child now, and delicate.
P4. colloquial (frequently humorous and euphemistic). not so (or as) young as one was (or used to be) and variants: (comparatively) old; getting on in years.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > growing old
western1615
veterascent1642
senescent1656
not so (or as) young as one was (or used to be)1747
oldening1865
eldering1876
waning1895
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xiii. 72 She says, I am too witty; Anglicè, too pert: I, That she is too wise; that is to say, being likewise put into English, Not so young as she has been: In short, is grown so much into mother, that she has forgotten she ever was a daughter.
1751 E. Moore Gil Blas i. 8 Thank Heaven, I am not so young as I was!—For I have had my Temptations as well as others.
1858 D. M. Mulock Woman's Thoughts about Women xii. 316 She begins to suspect she is ‘not so young as she used to be’; that..the grim wolf, old age, is actually showing his teeth in the distance.
1877 London Society Oct. 309/2 I am not so young as I was, John; may I have an arm?
1923 Humorist 22 Sept. 212/1 Joanna,..ye're no' as young as ye was. Dae ye no' think it's a peety to be approachin' your latter end without tryin' to acquire some general knowledge?
1979 T. Wiseman Game of Secrets v. 58 Neither of us is as young as we were.
2011 Sc. Express (Nexis) 1 Nov. 14 I'm not so young as I used to be and for the moment I can't walk the dog far.
P5. you're only young once and variants: used as an exhortation to make the most of or enjoy one's youth; sometimes also used as a justification or excuse for risky or reckless behaviour.
ΚΠ
1851 Monthly Relig. Mag. Aug. 370 We are young but once..; and, unless we enjoy the spring-time, the autumn will leave us quite devoid of excitement.
1890 E. E. H. Specht Alfrieda xxix. 290 How can you blame a fellow for wanting to have a good time?..We are only young once.
1903 F. Powell House on Hudson xxii. 228 One is young but once—enjoy thy youth.
1936 Big Spring (Texas) Daily Herald 9 Dec. 9/2 You should have..all the clothes you want—every girl should. You're only young once.
1951 Times 9 Jan. 5/4 Young men are only young once... Ample scope exists for fun and games.
2006 R. Pickford & S. Brown Assessing Skills & Pract. v. 54 Party, party, party... You're only young once.
P6. Chiefly humorous. —— years young [after —— years old (see old adj. 4a)] : —— years old; usually with the implication that the person (or occasionally thing) referred to has or retains youthful vitality.
ΚΠ
1889 O. W. Holmes Let. 27 May in J. Bartlett Familiar Quotations (1909) 638 To be seventy years young is sometimes far more cheerful and hopeful than to be forty years old.
1909 M. J. Cawein New Poems 52 You are big and strong, my boy; and you are twelve years young.
1971 Rotarian Dec. 46/2 Believe it or not, this photo is almost 25 years young... The Rotary Club of Denver..becomes 60 years young itself this month!
1985 She July 140/1 I'm moving in with a 23-years-young masseur.
2013 Cricketer Sept. 49/1 Parked on the square-leg boundary is the formidable Enid Bakewell, 72 years young and fresh from a spell of nine overs for 14..in a club match.
P7. Originally U.S. young, dumb and full of come: describing a young person, esp. a male, whose high sex drive and youthful vigour are matched by, and perhaps the cause of, a lack of common sense. Cf. come n.1 5.Popularized by the 1991 film Point Break.Sometimes with humorous alteration of the final word.
ΚΠ
1960 Suburban Economist (Chicago) 21 Dec. Tommy Reed has high hopes for the new song he'll be recording next week, titled ‘Young, Dumb and Full of Gum’.]
1966 R. Gover Poorboy at Party vii. 67 We were young, dumb and full of come, and all there for the same fun and games.
1996 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 10 Mar. (Features section) 23 I have suffered from bra disappointment too often... But, being proverbially young, dumb and full of hormones, I really wanted to believe the impossible.
1996 Independent (Nexis) 16 July (Visual Arts section) 12 The art world, where surfers are perceived as beefcake and Baywatch—young, dumb and full of come.
2008 D. Leary Why we Suck vi. 101 We were both nineteen years old. We were dumb. Young, dumb and full of come. And bad poetry.

Compounds

C1.
a. Parasynthetic.
ΚΠ
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia Epist. to P. Gyles sig. ✠viiiv This yong bladed & newe shotte vp corne [L. ab hac herba].
1596 R. Linche Dom Diego in Diella sig. F1v This young-year'd Hermit.
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 81 Reiecting Olde, Yong-Counsail'd rash Roboam Loseth Ten Tribes; which fall to Ieroboam.
1651 W. Davenant Gondibert ii. vii. xxx She.., like Young Conscienc'd Casuists, thinks that sin, Which will by talk and practise lawfull seeme.
1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ ii. 149 A generous Pair Of young-wing'd Eaglets.
1854 R. Montgomery Poet. Wks. 310 Young-wing'd breezes as they float From brook and meadow learn a note.
1875 A. Leigh New Minnesinger & Other Poems 170 Young-limbed in endeavour, unshrinking from pain.
1929 T. Wolfe Look homeward, Angel xxii. 294 He had destroyed totally a row of young bladed corn.
1958 ‘S. Miles’ Lettice Delmer 5 The white-haired, young-faced, delicately flushing fine lady.
1971 P. Larkin in Listener 29 July 144/1 Young-leafed June,..With hedges snowlike strewn.
1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 197 I..was never elegant, even in my young-bodied days.
2001 C. Rosen Wizard of Odds (2003) xli. 377 Scrimmages at Pauley Pavilion featuring young-legged undergraduates.
b.
young-hearted adj.
ΚΠ
1830 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 1 May 261/2 Yet oh! my beautiful and sorely-hurt sister! my Emily Bonnington! my young-hearted preserver! She has left me for ever!
1901 Gardeners’ Chron. 19 Oct. 286/3 I think the nicest vegetable in the garden just now is a young hearted cabbage-sprout.
2007 Weekly World News 30 Apr. 37/3 (advt.) Seeking mutual love, young-hearted lady, any race, looks, situation, thick, full natural long hair.
young-minded adj.
ΚΠ
1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 50v The Elder sinneth not, therefore the young mynded ones ought not to confesse vnto them.
1818–19 J. Keats Let. 16 Dec.–4 Jan. (1947) 259 I never can feel certain of any truth but from a clear perception of its Beauty—and I find myself very young minded even in that perceptive power—which I hope will encrease.
1930 Daily Express 23 May 10/4 The Italians and the Russians are young-minded.
2004 Palm Beach Life Spring 81 She found that Juicy Couture and other young-minded fashions were flying out of her gift shop.
C2. With a past participle, in adverbial sense ‘newly, recently’. Cf. young-born adj. and n. at Compounds 6.
† young-fed adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1610 Mucedorus (new ed.) sig. D3v What desire, or young-fed humour Nurst within the braine, Drew him so priuatly to Aragon?
† young sprung adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1566 T. Nuce in tr. Octavia To Rdr. sig. A.iiij Do not then condemne the yong sprong writers, if that in all pointes they please not thee.
1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle iv. i All thy young sprung griefes shall seeme but sparkes To the great fire of my calamities.
1661 T. Henshaw Triumphant Ceremony Coronation Charles II 3 Some young sprung warriours, yet strut up, and down.
C3. With present participles of verbs which may take an adjective complement.
young-looking adj.
ΚΠ
1750 M. Clancy Memoirs I. 66 Four young-looking Virtuosi, on Mules as grave as themselves.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 44 A man of seventy,..but wonderfully young-looking and well-preserved.
1943 T. W. Lawson Thirty Seconds over Tokyo ii. 20 It was quite a shock to see how young-looking his face was after those years of stunting, barnstorming and racing.
2002 New Yorker 6 May 60/3 Edwards is young-looking, slender, and polite, with a flop of dirty-blond hair.
young-seeming adj.
ΚΠ
1631 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgem. (ed. 3) 573 This young seeming woman, beeing at a time amongst other virgines.
1848 Satirist 13 May 179/1 Is it not intolerable to be stamped for ever as a young seeming man of forty, good-looking, with a moustache?
1951 S. Spender World within World 113 With young-seeming nervous fingers he touched the rim of his glass.
2005 J. McGregor Sunday Money 102 These women, thousands of pairs of them, young or young-seeming, swim through the crowds.
C4. Forming derivatives of compound nouns. See also derivatives of young lady n., young man n., etc.
young-gentlemanly adj. befitting or characteristic of a young gentleman.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [adjective] > relating to a young gentleman
young-gentlemanly1834
1834 Knickerbocker 3 79 The unread and forgotten rhapsodies of young-gentlemanly epics.
1868 E. R. Sill Hermitage & Other Poems 7 A well-bred, fair, young-gentlemanly life.
1920 H. Johnston Mrs. Warren's Daughter i. 8 She is always very particular, in a young-gentlemanly way, about her appearance.
1999 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 13 May 1 a He became more calm,..and carried himself in a young gentlemanly, respectful manner.
young-girlish adj. of or relating to a young girl or young girlhood; resembling or characteristic of a young girl; girlish; cf. young-girl adj. at Compounds 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > child > girl > [adjective]
maidena1400
wench-like1552
girlish1565
young-girlish1822
girly1857
puellular1861
little girl1863
young-girl1867
lassieish1882
puellile1891
small girl1916
girly1962
1822 J. Russell Don Carlos i. i. 5 Her first young girlish passion..was met With carelessness and scorn.
1861 Athenæum 22 June 829/1 All her struggles to be true and to behave honestly..her young-girlish fears and foolishness—are admirably touched in.
1919 Times 10 Feb. 11/3 Mr. Malleson was conscientiously artistic as the artist and Miss Joan Vivian Rees conscientiously young-girlish as the young girl.
1975 New Yorker 28 Apr. 66/3 Her young-girlish way of lowering her eyes with an air of anguish when I asked her what had happened to her affair.
2007 R. L. Hall In Love with Thug 42 Her voice was very settled yet young-girlish.
young-girlishly adv. rare in a young-girlish manner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > child > girl > [adverb]
girlishly1723
young-girlishly1928
1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point xi. 174 She flushed with a young-girlishly timid pleasure.
C5.
a. In the names of various associations of republican nationalists which arose in Europe after the July Revolution of 1830 in France, as Young Europe, Young Germany, Young Italy, etc. Also designating a member of such an association, as Young Italian, etc. Now historical. [Earliest in Young Italy, after Italian Giovine Italia, the name of an organization founded by G. Mazzini in Marseilles in 1831, itself probably after the French phrase jeune France young France, used by the July Revolutionaries of themselves and of the nation they envisaged (1827 or earlier in the context of events leading up to the revolt), but not as the title of a formal organization: compare quots. 1829 and 1830.
Young Italy was the model for several similar associations, e.g. Young Germany (German Junges Deutschland ), Young Poland (Polish Młoda Polska ), and Mazzini's umbrella organization Young Europe (all founded in Berne, Switzerland, in 1834). For a detailed, contemporary discussion of these groups see J.-E. Roschi Rapport fait au Conseil exécutif de la République de Berne sur les menées politiques des refugiés (1836).]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > specific parties or groups in Europe generally
movement1832
Young Europe1832
movement party1835
Non-Aligned Movement1966
NAM1980
1829 Times 19 Aug. Admirers of M. de Chateaubriand, and the choice spirits of ‘young France’, have subscribed the ‘solemn league and covenant’ against the Polignac Ministry.
1830 Evening Star 5 Nov. He is supposed to represent the energy and feelings of the young men of the present day, and to embody Young France—as those rising into life call it—as contra-distinguished from the prejudices and formalities of their ancestors.]
1832 London St James Chron. 25 Jan. The era of the Federation of Young Italy commences from the year 1831; intermediately, its object is the amelioration of the political condition of the country.
1834 Morning Post 21 July There exists in Switzerland several Committees, under the following designations:—Young Italy, Young Germany, Young Poland, Young France, and Young Switzerland.
1861 New Amer. Cycl. XI. 311/1 The main object of Young Europe was, according to Mazzini, to lay the foundation for a universal development of thought and action, which would lead to the discovery and practical application of the divine laws of human government.
1902 B. King Life Mazzini v. 96 You cannot find one Young Italian among us [sc. Italian exiles in the late 1830s].
1961 H. Ripka Eastern Europe in Post-War World vii. 231 During the October rising, nationalism was firmly linked with liberalism, just as a hundred years ago ‘young Italy’, ‘young Germany’ and ‘young Europe’ rebelled against the reactionary absolutism of the Holy Alliance.
1976 W. O. Henderson Life F. Engels I. i. i. 9 The Young Germans were the angry young men of the 1830s.
2011 Australian (Nexis) 1 June 4 The Young Italy movement, founded by Giuseppe Mazzini, explicitly charged the young with the mission of creating a united Italian republic. Mazzini later founded Young Europe, as well as helping to launch Young Germany and Young Poland.
b. Forming compounds used in plural or attributive to denote an organization or section for younger members, or sometimes the children of members, of a political party or group. Also: designating a member of such an organization.
Young Communist n. [in quot. 1921, Young Communist organization is used to render Russian komsomol Komsomol n.]
ΚΠ
1913 S. P. Orth Socialism & Democracy in Europe iv. 50 They were revolutions begun in the fever heat of youth—‘Young Germany’, ‘Young Austria’, ‘Young Italy’, were moved by ‘Young Hegelians’ and ‘Young Communists’.
1921 Soviet Russia 9 Apr. 346/2 The Young Communist organization should..awaken in general an intellectual interest on the part of the young people.
2010 Cape Times (Nexis) 9 Dec. 5 The decline in relations with the ANC Youth League is outlined in the Young Communists' organisational report.
Young Conservative n.
ΚΠ
1924 Times 17 Mar. 13/5 (heading) The ‘Young Conservatives Union’.
1959 E. H. Clements High Tension x. 165 Fiona isn't a Young Conservative! She's a Communist.
2013 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 21 Sept. 16 His life in politics began when he joined The Young Conservatives, eventually becoming their vice-chairman.
Young Democrat n.
ΚΠ
1839 Boston Courier 8 July We do not know that there is more than one formally organized institution of this name, now existing in the commonwealth. But Bay State Associations of Young Democrats are somewhat numerous.
1935 Freeport (Illinois) Jrnl.-Standard 6 Aug. 3/1 Dissension..has retarded plans for the national convention of Young Democrat clubs.
2011 J. R. D. Celock Next Generation iii. 61 I had Young Democrats coming down on weekends to do precinct work.
Young Liberal n.
ΚΠ
1837 Morning Herald (N.Y.) 6 Nov. The free people of New York assembled in their might at Tammany Hall, in accordance with a previous call of the Young Liberals.
1887 E. Blake in Dominion Election Campaign 1887 147 I turn to the address of the Young Liberal Clubs of the county. I thank the Young Liberals for their kindness.
1962 J. T. Lang Great Bust 72 Menzies and the Young Liberals were waging war on the Country Party in Victoria.
2005 A. Russell & E. Fieldhouse Neither Left nor Right? i. 21 At the 1970 conference, the Liberal party adopted a Young Liberal amendment to party tactics.
Young Republican n.
ΚΠ
1869 Times 29 Sept. 8/4 A meeting called..by the Young Republicans..may lead to trouble.
1973 N. R. Peirce Great Plains States of Amer. 120 An effective..Young Republican organization works in close liaison with the adult leaders.
2011 Frederick (Maryland) News-Post 5 June a6/3 The Young Republicans are not alone in drawing small crowds at their conventions.
Young Socialist n. [in quot. 1894 apparently after German Jungsozialist (1872 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1894 W. H. Dawson Germany & Germans II. xl. 232 The formation of a Young Socialist wing is merely the expression of a desire for more uncompromising methods and action.
1959 Crisis Jan. 23/1 Allen first heard about the Youth March at a Young Socialists' street rally.
2013 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 14 June 28 Her parents met as Young Socialists and she's a lifelong Labour supporter.
C6.
Young America n. (also with lower-case initial in the first element) (a) American youth collectively; (b) (the slogan of) an expansionist movement within the Democratic Party in the 1840s and 1850s; cf. manifest destiny n. at manifest adj. and adv. Compounds (now historical).In sense (b) after the names of various nationalist reform movements in Europe (compare Compounds 5a and also young England n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [phrase] > specific slogans
Young America1838
O.K.1840
America First1915
1838 J. F. Cooper Home as Found II. xi. 173 I think we have now had pretty fair specimens of old and young America; the first distrusting every thing native, even to a potatoe [sic]; and the second distrusting nothing, and least of all, itself.
1844 St. Louis Reveille 30 Nov. 2/2 No mammoth bank..can form any part of the creed of the Young America!
1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxxviii. 444 He and the innocent chatterbox whom I met on the Swiss lake are the most unique and interesting specimens of Young America I came across during my foreign tramping.
1924 Outlook 10 Sept. 45/1 Young America could with profit leave such affairs alone.
1962 E. Wilson Patriotic Gore p. xxii Douglas..had been the leader of the ‘Young America’ movement in the Democratic Party, which had favored..the annexation of Mexico, Cuba and..Central America.
2000 Holiday & Leisure Spring 130/3 One of the most trendy and lively hang-outs for young America.
2007 J. Eyal Young Amer. Movement & Transformation Democratic Party 135 Young America had moved from a rhetorical affirmation of the Monroe Doctrine to a symbolic showdown through the Oregon crisis, and then to a full-blown war in defence of their new hemispheric prerogatives.
young-born adj. and n. (a) adj. = newborn adj. 1; (b) n. = newborn n. (in either sense).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > [adjective] > born > newly born
newborna1400
young-born1548
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts i. f. vv Marke me here a litle the beginning of the churche, which was than as young borne [L. nascentis].
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2139/1 After ye apprehension of ye husband, ye wife likewise was taken, with her yong borne child, being but 14. dayes old.
1653 tr. L. van Aitzema Notable Revol. Netherlands 140 To the Sovereigns of this Province of Holland belong's the disposing of the Guardianship of the young-born Prince of Orange.
1737 J. Home Script. Hist. Jews I. i. iv. 244 Under Pretence that he would go and pay his Homage likewise to this young born Prince.
1874 Edinb. Rev. July 80 The first-fruits of the young-born eruptive power.
1885 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 23 Apr. 4/3 (headline) A young born's wail.
1912 Pediatrics Nov. 684 It is confidently believed, that..as much, if not more attention will be given the young born child of America, as is given to the rearing of pigs and calves.
1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow i. 2 Every year throws forward the seed to begetting, and..leaves the young-born on the earth.
1989 United Press Internat. (Nexis) 8 Aug. There's a mother fanning a youngborn, almost all day, trying to keep him cool.
2006 J. O. Curwood Kazan xix. 149 The young-born of early spring leave their others.
Young Farmers n. any of various organizations or societies for the young members of a farming community (chiefly attributive); (occasionally in singular) a member of such an organization.
ΚΠ
1834 Cultivator June 51/2 We have received a letter from a young man in Decatur,..soliciting our advice as to the formation of a Young Farmers Society.
1918 Rural Manhood Dec. 428/2 The Young Farmers' Association now owns and operates three such cafes or restaurants.
1981 J. Wainwright Urge for Justice i. v. 35 The lads from the local Young Farmers branch put on a New Year's Ball.
2013 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 14 Jan. 12 Young Farmers has been part of my family for generations and I grew up knowing I would also enjoy the experiences that being a Young Farmer can provide.
young flood n. the state of a tidal stream as it rises for the first two hours following low water; (also) the period of time when this occurs, or the tidal stream itself during this time; also figurative; cf. flood n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > newly-flowing
flood1559
young flood1611
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > high
main floodc1303
full flooda1375
full sea1390
high water1422
full water1498
full tide1538
high tide1546
tide1570
headwater1594
young flood1611
pleni-tide1617
top of flood1867
1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D3v A poore ebbing Gentleman, that would gladly wait for the yong floud of your seruice.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. x. 47 Flood is when the water beginneth to rise, which is young flood as we call it, then quarter flood, halfe flood, full Sea, still water, or high water.
1752 J. Robson Acct. Six Years Resid. Hudson's-Bay 26 It being then young flood and a fine afternoon, the white whales appeared on the surface.
1801 Naval Chron. 6 161 The young flood making close in shore.
1903 Atlantic Aug. 324/1 He had been sometimes happy on this voyage, forgetful in the pleasure of new sights, new experiences, and life at young flood.
2002 J. Slade Bootmaker to Nation xxvii. 115 The tide, then in young flood, gradually rose up our ankles to our knees.
young gentleman n. Nautical (now historical) a junior or trainee officer in the Royal Navy, esp. a midshipman.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [noun] > others
press-gang1693
young gentleman1784
sidesman1803
side boy1823
trouncer1867
rating1877
Navy Leaguer1898
requestman1916
tiger1929
mineman1943
shore patrolman1944
striker1944
ping1948
pinger1961
bubblehead1965
1784 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 866/2 A young gentleman, who acted as fourth mate, was the only officer hurt.
1842 Morning Chron. 23 Mar. 2/3 He had not a word to say against the young gentleman.., whom he believed to be an excellent and a gallant officer.
1920 S. J. Fortescue Looking Back iv. 99 This young gentleman was..given a dozen [floggings] by the boatswain's mate.
2012 S. A. Cavell Midshipmen & Quarterdeck Boys Brit. Navy i. 32 Young gentlemen..adopted the ‘short clothes’ of the average seaman.
young-girl adj. of or relating to a young girl or young girls; characteristic of a young girl; cf. young-girlish adj. at Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > child > girl > [adjective]
maidena1400
wench-like1552
girlish1565
young-girlish1822
girly1857
puellular1861
little girl1863
young-girl1867
lassieish1882
puellile1891
small girl1916
girly1962
1867 A. Webster Woman Sold & Other Poems 17 Left with your young girl follies—with your doll, Your poetry, your dreamings, and your love.
1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad ix. 87 She was absorbed in..her own young-girl dreams.
1959 Vogue Dec. 58 Shirts, hats and scarves at young-girl prices.
2004 S. Niles Torn from Inside Out iv. 58 We..struck an immediate friendship, calling each other several times a day in typical young girl fashion.
Young-Grammarian adj. (also with lower-case initials) Linguistics historical of or relating to the Young Grammarians; cf. neogrammarian adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [adjective] > phonology and branches
phonological1818
psychophonetic1906
Young-Grammarian1909
phonemic1921
Prague1934
tonological1934
phonematic1935
phonologic1936
morphophonological1938
Trubetzkoyan1940
Jonesian1951
Trager–Smith1951
phonetico-phonemic1952
Praguian1955
physiophonetic1956
Smith–Trager1957
phonotactic1958
Tragerian1961
trageremic1964
morphonological1966
autonomous1967
phonotactical1967
Praguean1968
1909 PMLA 24 p. xlvii The Young Grammarian spirit of inquiry led to new researches in the various fields of philology.
1947 Ess. & Stud. 32 89 This was bound to shake the young-grammarian theory of the inviolability of the sound laws.
2009 P. Mackridge Lang. & National Identity in Greece (2010) vii. 223 He uses the Greek word for ‘compromise’ in order to illustrate a brilliant lesson in Young-Grammarian linguistics.
Young Grammarians n. (also with lower-case initials) [after German Junggrammatiker Junggrammatiker n.] Linguistics (now historical) a school of historical linguists holding that phonetic changes (sound laws) operate without exceptions; = Junggrammatiker n.; (also in singular) a member of this school; cf. neogrammarian n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > phonology and branches > person(s)
phonologist1818
Young Grammarians1883
neogrammarian1885
Junggrammatiker1922
phonemicist1938
Praguian1957
laryngealist1964
Tragerian1966
Praguean1970
1883 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 4 226 Even those who repudiate the doctrines advanced by the ‘young grammarians’ are obliged to concede that papers so rich in lucidly arranged material..are indispensable.
1922 O. Jespersen Lang. iv. 93 The ‘blind’ operation of phonetic laws became the chief tenet of a new school of ‘young-grammarians’ or ‘junggrammatiker’ (Brugmann, Delbrück, Osthoff, Paul, and others).
1934 Mod. Lang. Rev. 29 212 The greatest pedagogical success has been attained by a Young Grammarian who has never wavered in his faith.
2013 K. Burridge in K. Allen Oxf. Handbk. Hist. Linguistics vii. 158 The most celebrated work of these Young Grammarians was in their discovery of sound laws.
young-headed adj. having a youthful attitude or outlook.
ΚΠ
1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike Ded. sig. ¶¶.3 Ould doating graybeards talke muche of Baralipton, whilest youngheaded boyes beare awaye Logike.
1608 E. Grimeston tr. J. F. Le Petit Gen. Hist. Netherlands xi. 746 Her sonne was not sufficient ynough..to gouerne so many young headed noblemen.
1836 F. Trollope Paris & Parisians (ed. 2) II. 407 Alas! for the classic young-headed republicans of France!
1920 Metal Worker, Plumber & Steam Fitter 19 Mar. 375/1 They are all young headed and hearted.
2006 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 16 June 27 Susie has already been called ‘too posh’ and my favourite, ‘ain't young-headed’.
young lion n. a strong, energetic, confident young man.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun]
frumberdlingc1000
young manOE
childc1225
hind1297
pagec1300
youtha1325
fawnc1369
swainc1386
stripling1398
boy1440
springaldc1450
jovencel1490
younkera1522
speara1529
gorrel1530
lad1535
hobbledehoy1540
cockerel1547
waga1556
spring1559
loonc1560
hensure1568
youngster1577
imp1578
pigsney1581
cocklinga1586
demy1589
muchacho1591
shaver1592
snipper-snappera1593
callant1597
spaught1598
stubble boy1598
ghillie1603
codling1612
cuba1616
skippera1616
man-boy1637
sprig1646
callow1651
halflang1660
stubbed boy1683
gossoon1684
gilpie1718
stirraha1722
young lion1792
halfling1794
pubescent1795
young man1810
sixteener1824
señorito1843
tad1845
boysie1846
shaveling1854
ephebe1880
boychick1921
lightie1946
young blood1967
studmuffin1986
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigorous or energetic person > young man
swankie?a1513
young blood1557
young lion1792
1792 J. Émïn Life & Adventures Joseph Émïn 195 Emin..resolved to shoot the ringleader,..a deserter from a man of war;..and with much ado the young lion was secured in irons.
1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ix. 92 Take care of my arm!.. I was..a little in dread of such a young lion!
1917 H. James Middle Years iii. 36 Frederic Harrison..one of his [sc. Matthew Arnold's] too confidently roaring ‘young lions’ of the periodical press.
2011 A. J. Banks Digital Griots iii. 109 The kind of exchange that can..bring souls aged in struggle together with young lions and their new fire and new visions.
young offender n. a young person convicted of a criminal offence, esp. one under the legal age of majority (in early use not a fixed collocation).
ΚΠ
1680 Don Tomazo sig. B Young offenders incurr the displeasure of the Law, ere they hardly understand what the Law forbids.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 213 The young Offender was spar'd, having obtain'd a Reprieve.
1822 M. Edgeworth Let. 4 Apr. (1971) 384 There are many young offenders in this prison—as young as from 16 to 12.
1854 Law Mag. Feb. 52 Young offenders had better be reformed than criminalized.
1921 B. G. Lewis Offender (ed. 2) ii. i. 268 The young vagrant or the young offender is usually a person who has not been trained.
1971 R. Cross Punishment, Prison & Public iv. 187 The courts should be empowered to pass fixed-term custodial sentences on young offenders between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one.
2002 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Electronic ed.) 4 Sept. A teenager who committed a catalogue of crime has been sentenced to six months at a young offenders' institution.
young-old n. and adj. (a) n. an old person who has the mental or physical characteristics of one who is younger (rare before 20th cent.); (b) adj. that appears both young and old; esp. old in age but having the mental or physical characteristics of one who is younger (cf. old-young adj. at old adj. Compounds 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > adult > [adjective] > immature adult
young-old1558
overgrown1669
Peter Panish1914
ungrown-up1937
Peter Panic1962
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > youthful (of beings)
youngOE
young-like1530
young-old1558
youthly1566
youthlike1582
youthful1590
young-eyed1600
youthsome1661
youthy1712
early1814
1558 R. Ramsey Serm. Child Bishop 14 in Camden Misc. (1875) VII All yow that are no childer, but men, women, and yonggolds, of years and discretion.
1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xv. sig. S2v Yong-olde in suffering, olde-yong in ruth: Patience is olde in being alwaies yong.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xiii. 274 Caleb was that young-old man, whose strength contradicted his years.
1754 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VII. xliii. 217 The mild, good-natured Nancy, could not forbear laughing at the idea of the young-old Penelope Arby.
1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 910/1 The effect of this young-old attire was increased by the arrangement of the hair.
1917 Xenia (Ohio) Daily Gaz. 8 Aug. 1/7 The ‘young-olds'’ day is here.
1991 M. Mackie Gender Relations Canada ix. 246/2 Most people stop working as soon as it is financially feasible to do so, and most of these ‘young-olds’ adjust to it with little trouble.
1999 J. Harris Chocolat (2000) xxiii. 182 He still seems diminished since Charly's death,..his young-old face impish and wizened with grief.
young one n. (also colloquial young 'un, young un) a young person or animal, a youngster; (in plural) an animal's offspring (cf. sense B. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > young person > [noun]
youngeOE
younglingOE
girlc1300
youtha1325
young onec1384
birdc1405
young person1438
young blood1557
primrosea1568
slip1582
juvenal1598
quat1607
airling1611
egga1616
saplinga1616
chita1657
a slip of a girla1660
juvenile1733
young adult1762
boots1806
snip1838
spring chicken1857
yob1859
kid1884
chiseller1922
juvenile adult1926
YA1974
yoof1986
the world > people > person > child > [noun]
wenchelc890
childeOE
littleOE
littlingOE
hired-childc1275
smalla1300
brolla1325
innocentc1325
chickc1330
congeonc1330
impc1380
faunt1382
young onec1384
scionc1390
weea1400
birdc1405
chickenc1440
enfaunta1475
small boyc1475
whelp1483
burden1490
little one1509
brat?a1513
younkerkin1528
kitling1541
urchin1556
loneling1579
breed1586
budling1587
pledge?1587
ragazzo1591
simplicity1592
bantling1593
tadpole1594
two-year-old1594
bratcheta1600
lambkin1600
younker1601
dandling1611
buda1616
eyas-musketa1616
dovelinga1618
whelplinga1618
puppet1623
butter printa1625
chit1625
piggy1625
ninnyc1626
youngster1633
fairya1635
lap-child1655
chitterling1675
squeaker1676
cherub1680
kid1690
wean1692
kinchin1699
getlingc1700
totum17..
charity-child1723
small girl1734
poult1739
elfin1748
piggy-wiggy1766
piccaninny1774
suck-thumb18..
teeny1802
olive1803
sprout1813
stumpie1820
sexennarian1821
totty1822
toddle1825
toddles1828
poppet1830
brancher1833
toad1836
toddler1837
ankle-biter1840
yarkera1842
twopenny1844
weeny1844
tottykins1849
toddlekins1852
brattock1858
nipper1859
sprat1860
ninepins1862
angelet1868
tenas man1870
tad1877
tacker1885
chavvy1886
joey1887
toddleskin1890
thumb-sucker1891
littlie1893
peewee1894
tyke1894
che-ild1896
kiddo1896
mother's bairn1896
childling1903
kipper1905
pick1905
small1907
God forbid1909
preadolescent1909
subadolescent1914
toto1914
snookums1919
tweenie1919
problem child1920
squirt1924
trottie1924
tiddler1927
subteen1929
perisher1935
poopsie1937
pre-schooler1937
pre-teen1938
pre-teener1940
juvie1941
sprog1944
pikkie1945
subteenager1947
pre-teenager1948
pint-size1954
saucepan lid1960
rug rat1964
smallie1984
bosom-child-
the world > people > person > child > [noun] > children collectively
young onec1384
infancy1609
infantry1616
olive plants1616
olive branch1655
little folk1689
little people1712
brattery1783
small people1829
nurseryful1879
rising fives1968
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > offspring
seedOE
offspringOE
begottena1325
birtha1325
issuea1325
burgeoninga1340
fruit of the loinsa1340
young onec1384
increasement1389
geta1400
gendera1425
procreation1461
progeniturec1487
engendera1500
propagation1536
feture1537
increase1552
breed1574
spawn1590
bowela1593
teeming1599
pullulation1641
prolifications1646
educt1677
produce1823
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring
bairn-teamc885
childeOE
tudderc897
seedOE
teamOE
wastum971
offspringOE
i-cundeOE
fostera1175
i-streonc1175
strainc1175
brooda1300
begetc1300
barm-teamc1315
issuea1325
progenyc1330
fruit of the loinsa1340
bowel1382
young onec1384
suita1387
engendrurea1400
fruitinga1400
geta1400
birth?a1425
porturec1425
progenityc1450
bodyfauntc1460
generation1477
fryc1480
enfantement1483
infantment1483
blood issue1535
propagation1536
offspring1548
race1549
family?1552
increase1552
breed1574
begetting1611
sperm1641
bed1832
fruitage1850
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xvi. 5 Thei goynge yn into the sepulcre syȝen a ȝong oon [L. iuvenem], hilid with a whit stoole.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xi. B The cowe and the Bere shal fede together, and their yongones shal lye together.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. ii. 11 The poore Wren..will fight, Her yong ones in her Nest, against the Owle. View more context for this quotation
1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations xi. 53 The superficies of this Island (in the moneths of May and June) is almost covered quite over with Nests, Egges, and Young-Ones.
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 118 If you want a Foil, as indeed 'tis generally the Care of you young Ones, now-a-days, to get one that's Ugly or Old.
1720 D. Manley Power of Love i. 17 An Eagle bearing his young One in his Claws.
1780 S. Johnson Let. 4 July (1992) III. 281 I..hope she will not be too rigorous with the young ones, but allow them to be happy their own way.
a1827 W. Hickey Mem. (1960) iv. 64 So the young'un there wanted to be off, but I said as how I knew a trick worth two of that.
1854 Graham's Mag. May 581/2 It was the old bar [= bear] comin' home to her young uns, and a-comin' down the tree tail-foremost!
1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. i. 36 You beware o' that young 'un. He's bound to be your foe.
1922 J. A. Thomson Outl. Sci. I. iii. 128 Some carry their young ones about after they are born, like the Surinam toad and the kangaroo.
1981 J. D. MacDonald Free Fall in Crimson xix. 219 Here and there are little groups of younguns who know what an original idea tastes like.
2012 D. Park Light of Amsterdam xii. 272 There's a lot to worry about, a lot to get right. Young ones seem to take it in their stride nowadays.
Young Pretender n. (with the) Charles Stuart (1720–80), son of James Stuart, the Old Pretender (see Old Pretender n. at old adj. Compounds 4), and grandson of James II; also in extended use.Charles Stuart asserted his claim to the British throne against the house of Hanover, esp. in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745.
ΚΠ
1721 Let. from Eng. Traveler at Rome 13 These Women..kept such a Racket about us, to make us kiss the young Pretender's Hand, that to get clear of them assoon [sic] as we could, we were forced to comply.
1744 London Mag. Dec. 590/1 As no Man would then run any Risk by Rebellion, but that of his own Life, the young Pretender would certainly be joined by all the Jacobites to a Man.
1813 T. Dibdin Metrical Hist. Eng. 205 (note) The Young Pretender then proceeded as far as Manchester, where the preparations made to oppose him.
1873 Times 20 Sept. 5/3 The young Pretender of Chislehurst [sc. Napoleon III] raised that flag which others seemed to have abandoned.
1951 PMLA 66 972 The fugitive Young Pretender, whose bold attempt to seize ‘the Reins of Empire’ for his father had precipitated the terrors of Black Friday only seven months before.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 May 26/3 The jaded Young Pretender and his cronies pestered French strategists for a part in their plans to off-set colonial losses through a last-ditch invasion of Britain herself.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

youngv.

Brit. /jʌŋ/, U.S. /jəŋ/
Forms: early Middle English ȝinge, early Middle English ȝinȝen (plural subjunctive, transmission error), 1900s– young.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: young adj.
Etymology: < young adj. With sense 1 compare Middle Dutch jongen to become young, Middle Low German jüngen to become young, Old High German jungen (transitive and reflexive) to make young, jungēn to become young (Middle High German jungen to make young, to become young, early modern German jungen, jüngen; compare German verjüngen to make young).Re-formed in the 20th cent.
†1. transitive (reflexive). To rejuvenate oneself. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 208 Ðe hert..werpeð er hise hornes In wude er in ðornes & ȝingid [read ȝingið] him ðus, ðis wilde der.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 228 Bihoueð us to rennen To Cristes quike welle..Forwerpen pride euril[c] del, So hert doð his hornes; Ȝinȝen [read Ȝingen] us tus to Gode ward & ȝemen us siðen forðwarð [read forðward].
2. intransitive. Geology. Of a structure or formation: to present the apparently younger side (in a specified direction); to be represented by a more recent layer or surface.
ΚΠ
1934 E. B. Bailey in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 90 469 I have..been forced to coin the barbaric verb ‘to young’, in the sense ‘to present the younger aspect’.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles viii. 164 It seems probable that beds ‘young’ both southwards and northwards from the St. Austell Granite.
1972 Jrnl. Royal Soc. N.Z. 2 419 The strata along the ridge younged towards Nazomi and Cook.
2007 D. R. Lowe & G. R. Byerly in M. J. van Kranendonk et al. Earth's Oldest Rocks v. 507 Exposed parts of the Mendon Formation young northward across a series of fault-bounded outcrop belts.

Derivatives

ˈyounging n.
Π
1935 W. J. McCallien in Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1934–5 B. 42 426 (caption) The arrows indicate direction of younging.
1972 Nature 28 Apr. 431/2 The eastward younging of plutons was taken to indicate an eastward migration of the downwelling plate margin.
2013 M. Nemčok et al. in W. U. Mohriak et al. Conjugate Divergent Margins 538/1 The westward younging of basal sediments can be demonstrated on the Brazilian side of the system.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.21934adj.n.1eOEv.a1300
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