calaveran.

Brit.

/kaləˈvɛːrə/, U.S.

/ˌkɑləˈvɛrə/,

/ˌkæləˈvɛrə/

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish calavera.

Etymology: < Spanish calavera skull (13th cent.), sugar skull (19th cent. in Mexican Spanish) < classical Latin calvāria skull (see Calvary n.).

a. A representation of a human skull or skeleton made for or associated with the Mexican celebration, Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead); esp. (in earlier use) a caricature or satirical drawing in the style of Mexican printmaker José Guadalupe Posada (1852–1913); (in recent use also) a three-dimensional decorative skull or skeleton figure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > symbolized

dead man's head1546

death's head1563

death-head1569

billow1592

death's face1598

scythe1609

caput mortuum1694

thigh-bone1825

skull1826

Kensal Green1842

calavera1904

1904 Times of India 9 May 8/4 Boys dashed here and there through the crowd hawking their ‘calaveras’ (skulls) at one cent apiece. These ‘calaveras’ are broadsides or coloured paper printed on both faces.

1937 B. D. Wolf Portrait of Mexico iv. 60 In the background, life-sized, brightly painted calaveras dance like dead men hanging in the wind, strumming on guitars their own death music.

1965 Satire Newslet. (State Univ. N.Y. Oneonta) Spring 134 I propose a three-times-a-week series of milk carton ‘calaveras’ drawings, which will have the welcome double effect of entertaining the kiddies, and reminding them of their mortality.

1981 Del Rio (Texas) News-Herald 30 Oct. 4 a/4 In newspapers politicians are drawn with skull faces—calaveras—and ridiculed in verse.

1994 Orange County (Santa Ana, Calif.) Reg. 2 Nov. (Show section) 5/1 In a melding of pre-Columbian, Catholic, Mexican and American traditions, the calaveras are joined by figurines of angels, devils, the traditional tree-of-life candleabra and more and more frequently, by jack-o'-lanterns.

2013 @lingochicos 21 Oct. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) We will be having a fiesta for Día de los Muertos tomorrow..& decorating clay calaveras!

b. A mock epitaph or satirical poem treating a living person (often a well-known public figure) as if he or she were dead.Frequently accompanying or published alongside the satirical drawings for Día de Muertos described at sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > lampoon or satire > type of

pipe1816

calavera1928

1928 Mexican Folkways Oct.-Dec. 234/2 The Calavera dealing with the murdered President-elect Obregón and recalling Madero and others was rather sympathetic and respectful, but the two published here are frankly mocking, with understanding laughter trickling through. These calaveras are an excellent example of the Mexican vacilada, so difficult to explain.

1943 Think July 41/2 They flirt, eat, recite calaveras, or sing for their supper. These calavera poems, printed on broad sheets and adorned with all the ghastly insignia of death, play an important, traditional part in the celebration.

1988 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. 1 a Newspapers print calaveras—biting, rhyming obituaries of public figures who are in fact alive and well. Ronald Reagan was the subject of several calaveras this year.

2008 Prospector (Univ. of Texas at El Paso) 30 Oct. 7/1 The celebration will also offer a calavera poem contest.

2. An item of confectionery shaped to resemble a human skull, made for or associated with the Mexican celebration, Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > [noun] > other confections or sweet dishes

pionade1302

spinee1381

pokerouncea1450

strawberry cream1523

pannag1540

alkermes1547

sugar-bread1587

snow1597

flammick1600

Norfolk fool1623

fool1653

chocolate cream1702

meringue1706

steeple cream1747

trifle1755

snowball1769

sweet bread1777

marrangle1809

meteor1820

mimpins1820

Nesselrode1835

meringué1845

Swiss cream1845

turban1846

coconut cream1847

panforte1865

yokan1875

bombe1892

Eton mess1896

meringue Chantilly1901

streusel1909

rocky road1920

ringocandy1922

stem ginger1922

dulce de leche1923

kissel1924

some-more1925

cream-crowdie1929

Pavlova cake1929

s'more1934

cranachan1946

sugar-on-snow1947

calavera1948

suji halwa1955

vacherin1960

zuppa inglese1961

brûlée1966

pav1966

delice1967

banoffi1974

macaroon1985

Nanaimo1991

macaron1993

1948 G. Gómez de Estavillo Mexican Prov. 225 All Souls sees the appearance, in bakeries and confectionary shops, of sugar calaveras—sugar skulls—and of the ‘bread of the Dead’.

1958 H. Koningsberger tr. C. Coccioli Manuel the Mexican III. v. 106 Before the Day of the Dead, I make calaveras from sugar and then the people call me Professor, because they are delighted with the fantastic way in which I decorate them.

1978 Los Angeles Times 30 Oct. 42 Other items being produced by the artists and students..include brightly painted death masks, mock coffins, papier-mache skeletons dressed as mariachis and other typical Mexican figures and even homemade sugar calaveras.

2009 R. M. Marchi Day of Dead in U.S.A. 127 Transnational chains..display chocolate calaveras and pan de muerto among their gourmet confections.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	calavera
释义	calaveran. Brit. /kaləˈvɛːrə/, U.S. /ˌkɑləˈvɛrə/, /ˌkæləˈvɛrə/ Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish calavera. Etymology: < Spanish calavera skull (13th cent.), sugar skull (19th cent. in Mexican Spanish) < classical Latin calvāria skull (see Calvary n.). 1. a. A representation of a human skull or skeleton made for or associated with the Mexican celebration, Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead); esp. (in earlier use) a caricature or satirical drawing in the style of Mexican printmaker José Guadalupe Posada (1852–1913); (in recent use also) a three-dimensional decorative skull or skeleton figure. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > symbolized dead man's head1546 death's head1563 death-head1569 billow1592 death's face1598 scythe1609 caput mortuum1694 thigh-bone1825 skull1826 Kensal Green1842 calavera1904 1904 Times of India 9 May 8/4 Boys dashed here and there through the crowd hawking their ‘calaveras’ (skulls) at one cent apiece. These ‘calaveras’ are broadsides or coloured paper printed on both faces. 1937 B. D. Wolf Portrait of Mexico iv. 60 In the background, life-sized, brightly painted calaveras dance like dead men hanging in the wind, strumming on guitars their own death music. 1965 Satire Newslet. (State Univ. N.Y. Oneonta) Spring 134 I propose a three-times-a-week series of milk carton ‘calaveras’ drawings, which will have the welcome double effect of entertaining the kiddies, and reminding them of their mortality. 1981 Del Rio (Texas) News-Herald 30 Oct. 4 a/4 In newspapers politicians are drawn with skull faces—calaveras—and ridiculed in verse. 1994 Orange County (Santa Ana, Calif.) Reg. 2 Nov. (Show section) 5/1 In a melding of pre-Columbian, Catholic, Mexican and American traditions, the calaveras are joined by figurines of angels, devils, the traditional tree-of-life candleabra and more and more frequently, by jack-o'-lanterns. 2013 @lingochicos 21 Oct. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) We will be having a fiesta for Día de los Muertos tomorrow..& decorating clay calaveras! b. A mock epitaph or satirical poem treating a living person (often a well-known public figure) as if he or she were dead.Frequently accompanying or published alongside the satirical drawings for Día de Muertos described at sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > lampoon or satire > type of pipe1816 calavera1928 1928 Mexican Folkways Oct.-Dec. 234/2 The Calavera dealing with the murdered President-elect Obregón and recalling Madero and others was rather sympathetic and respectful, but the two published here are frankly mocking, with understanding laughter trickling through. These calaveras are an excellent example of the Mexican vacilada, so difficult to explain. 1943 Think July 41/2 They flirt, eat, recite calaveras, or sing for their supper. These calavera poems, printed on broad sheets and adorned with all the ghastly insignia of death, play an important, traditional part in the celebration. 1988 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. 1 a Newspapers print calaveras—biting, rhyming obituaries of public figures who are in fact alive and well. Ronald Reagan was the subject of several calaveras this year. 2008 Prospector (Univ. of Texas at El Paso) 30 Oct. 7/1 The celebration will also offer a calavera poem contest. 2. An item of confectionery shaped to resemble a human skull, made for or associated with the Mexican celebration, Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > [noun] > other confections or sweet dishes pionade1302 spinee1381 pokerouncea1450 strawberry cream1523 pannag1540 alkermes1547 sugar-bread1587 snow1597 flammick1600 Norfolk fool1623 fool1653 chocolate cream1702 meringue1706 steeple cream1747 trifle1755 snowball1769 sweet bread1777 marrangle1809 meteor1820 mimpins1820 Nesselrode1835 meringué1845 Swiss cream1845 turban1846 coconut cream1847 panforte1865 yokan1875 bombe1892 Eton mess1896 meringue Chantilly1901 streusel1909 rocky road1920 ringocandy1922 stem ginger1922 dulce de leche1923 kissel1924 some-more1925 cream-crowdie1929 Pavlova cake1929 s'more1934 cranachan1946 sugar-on-snow1947 calavera1948 suji halwa1955 vacherin1960 zuppa inglese1961 brûlée1966 pav1966 delice1967 banoffi1974 macaroon1985 Nanaimo1991 macaron1993 1948 G. Gómez de Estavillo Mexican Prov. 225 All Souls sees the appearance, in bakeries and confectionary shops, of sugar calaveras—sugar skulls—and of the ‘bread of the Dead’. 1958 H. Koningsberger tr. C. Coccioli Manuel the Mexican III. v. 106 Before the Day of the Dead, I make calaveras from sugar and then the people call me Professor, because they are delighted with the fantastic way in which I decorate them. 1978 Los Angeles Times 30 Oct. 42 Other items being produced by the artists and students..include brightly painted death masks, mock coffins, papier-mache skeletons dressed as mariachis and other typical Mexican figures and even homemade sugar calaveras. 2009 R. M. Marchi Day of Dead in U.S.A. 127 Transnational chains..display chocolate calaveras and pan de muerto among their gourmet confections. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1904
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