callingn.

Brit.

/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈkɔlɪŋ/,

/ˈkɑlɪŋ/

Forms: see call v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: call v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < call v. + -ing suffix¹.With use in religious contexts in branch II. compare post-classical senses of classical Latin vocātiōn- , vocātio vocation n.

I. Senses relating to calling out or summoning.

a. The action or an act of crying out loudly, forcibly, and distinctly, so as to be heard at a distance; the calls resulting from this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > call

clepingc975

callinga1300

calla1400

clamation1502

claim1596

inclamation1613

loud-hailing1943

a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 505 For here care & here calling Hem cam to Crist, heuen-king.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xxi. sig. Fii What complayntes callynges and lamentacyons.

1509 J. Fisher Serm. Henry VIJ (de Worde) sig. Av^v So many betynges and knockynges of his brest, so many syghes, so many teres, so many callynges for mercy.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms v. 1 Heare my wordes (o Lorde), considre my callynge.

1603 M. Kellison Surv. New Relig. i. i. 26 But the man after muche callinge not a risinge, his wife calleth on him also, & rubbes him on the side, to signifie that nowe was the tyme to rise.

1647 W. Petty Advice to Hartlib 16 The Nurses shall be alwayes at hand in the Hospitall to help the sick, that by reason of their absence they may not be put to straine and offend themselves by often and loud crying and calling.

1712 P. Woodman Medicus Novissimus xii. 94 The Party neither Speaks, Stirs, or opens his Eyes, make never so much Noise and Callings.

1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. iii. i. 438 They heard a loud calling at the gate of the farm-house.

1878 E. E. Hale Mrs. Merriam's Scholars iv. 44 A rumbling on the outer stairway, with knockings and callings loud and voluble, announced that Aunt Dolly was on her way with breakfast.

1881 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 6/1 We got down under a low flat-topped hill..at the door of a small inn, and after much calling roused up the proprietor.

1903 W. R. Lighton Ultimate Moment vii. 54 The strident calling of newsboys and fruit-peddlers.

1956 M. S. Link Pollen Path 94 Then the singing and calling stopped and there was quiet in the canyon.

2013 M. Bailat-Jones tr. C. F. Ramuz Beauty on Earth xiii. 192 She sees Rouge who has headed toward where the calling was coming from.

b. The action or an act of an animal, esp. a bird, making its characteristic cry; an animal's call.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > action of making

calling1440

clamouring1548

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 58 Cakelynge, or callynge of hennys, gracillacio.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 23 That Eagle..is taught to make a greate noyse as shee roueth too and fro, ouer the Foreste, not muche vnlike the questing or calling of a dogge.

1677 J. Webster Displaying Supposed Witchcraft iv. 61 These will take..the calling of a Daker-hen in the Meadow to be the Whistlers.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xiii. 106 Crowing of Cocks, kekling of Hens, calling of Partridges.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Spread Net You will soon know if there be any of the Birds by their Calling.

1878 W. Black Macleod of Dare II. ii. 32 They could hear all around them the soft callings of the guillemots.

1888 H. Seely Nymph of West vi. 87 A blue jay..filled the air with his harsh calling.

1907 C. G. D. Roberts Haunters of Silences 76 There were others besides the woodsman for whom the calling of the lonely cow had interest.

1965 Behaviour 26 277 Any calling by a frog during either period was considered evidence of the ability to produce a mating call.

2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon iv. 94 The hysterical calling of the screech-owls who lived in the oak tree.

c. English regional (Cornwall). A resonant murmuring sound made by the sea and heard inland; this as a phenomenon. Chiefly in calling of the sea. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1843 R. Edmonds in 11th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 47 In Mount's Bay..there is often heard inland at a distance from the shore, a peculiar hollow murmuring sound, locally termed ‘the calling of the sea’.

1843 R. Edmonds in 11th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 48 This sound must not be confounded with that arising from a ‘ground sea’,..for this latter noise propagates itself in every direction, and chiefly in that of the wind, whereas the ‘calling’ is heard only from one direction, and usually contrary to the wind.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 49 There came so loud a calling of the sea, That all the houses in the haven rang.

1906 P. Penn Cornish Notes & Queries viii. 243 ‘Non Constat’ asks for an explanation of the atmospherical phenomenon known locally as ‘The calling of the sea’.

1980 D. Macrae tr. F. Morvan Legends of Sea 21 In some parts of England, if a sort of moaning is heard along the coast, the local people call it the calling of the sea.

a. The action or an act of commanding or requesting the attendance of a person; a summons. Also figurative.In early use in figurative contexts with reference to God; cf. sense 8a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning > summoning together

callinga1400

convocation1413

vocation?a1505

vocation of the Gentiles1550

convocatinga1649

convention1702

convoking1765

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 4347 Ȝyf ȝe slepe at hys kallyng Ȝe shul nat come yn at þe weddyng.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1362 (MED) Þurȝ þe cuntre of Caldee his callyng con spryng, Þat alle þe grete..schulde..assemble at a set day at þe saudans fest.

1457 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 185 (MED) That all men of the seid craft go togidere at the callyng of the Maister of the seid craft.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 100 Lyke as the Venite is a callynge to psalmody. so..is the versycle a warninge. that ye shulde be redy..to turne your mynde to the lessons.

1612 Mr. King tr. Benvenuto Passenger i. iv. 273 Calling of me to that herball dinner and leane repast.

1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. F7^v By such a constant kindness and hospitableness to such thoughts..they will, as it were, come to the mind without calling.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 358 This is called the voucher..or calling of Jacob Morland to warranty.

1770 Oxf. Mag. July 26/1 Counsellor Lucas, previous to the calling of witnesses, opened the case.

1826 A. Cunningham Paul Jones III. i. 20 A kind of calling of lightning from the cloud to kindle a fire.

1983 E. E. Fuller Milton's Kinesthetic Vision in Paradise Lost ix. 155 Adam..‘presumes’ to ask the God who comes at his calling to satisfy this yearning.

2014 S. Young in M. Groves Mod. Admin. Law in Austral. xiii. 286 The High Court found the proceedings to be flawed by reason of..the prosecution's calling of Kirk as a witness.

b. In the Presbyterian, Lutheran, and some other Protestant churches: the action of inviting a person to undertake the office of pastor; an invitation of this type. Cf. vocation n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > vocation > [noun]

vocation1442

calling1538

1538 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Sarcerius Common Places of Script. xlvii. f. clxxiii^v To exercyse the officies of the eclesiastical power openly without lawfull calling by the church to y^e same.

1581 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1840) II. 492 Vocatioun or calling..is ane lauchfull way, be the quhilk qualefeit personis is promoittit to ane spirituall office within the Kirk of God.

1621 D. Calderwood Altar of Damascus 12 [He] made it nice to take on a Bishopricke, till he had a lawfull calling, and the free approbation of the Kirk.

1647 G. Gillespie CXI Propositions conc. Ministerie & Govt. Church 2 Before it bee lawfull to undergoe that Sacred Ministery in Churches constituted, a speciall Calling, yea beside, a lawfull Election..a mission, or sending, or..Ordination, is necessarily required.

1733 T. Gordon Defection Church of Scotl. from Reformation-princ. Considered 15 That rule anent the Election and Calling of Ministers, established by our Books of Discipline, and Acts of Assembly; whereby it is declared..that it appertaineth to the People of every several Congregation to elect their Minister.

1829 Christian Rev. & Clerical Mag. Jan. 119 To this body also appertained the calling of new ministers, whenever a vacancy occurred.

1864 J. M. Duncan Paroch. Eccl. Law Scotl. ii. 72 The presbytery by whose decision and authority the calling and entry of a particular ministry were effected.

1918 Evangelical Herald 19 Dec. 5/2 If these two revisions were adopted and put into the constitution of all our congregations, the calling of a pastor would be more proper and more pleasant.

1999 J. S. Gray & J. C. Tucker Presbyterian Polity for Church Officers (ed. 3) vii. 80 The changes must also be approved by the congregation, a participant in the calling process.

2011 S. D. Paulson Lutheran Theol. xi. 239 The calling of a public minister from among the Royal priesthood.

3. With on, upon. The action or an act of invoking or making supplication to God, a saint, or other power; invocation, supplication.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 19095 Þe callyng on [Vesp. on-call of] his holy name.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Li By the inuocacion and callynge on the name of Jesu.

c1560 T. Becon Sycke Mannes Salue f. lxvi^v Thys faythful and harty callyng on the Lordes name for remission of sinnes.

1666 E. Wettenhall Enter into thy Closet ii. vii. 67 Holy men in Scripture..frame their invocations or callings upon God, as may suit with their main business at the throne of grace.

1729 J. Glas Testimony King of Martyrs v. 269 What are our Prayers, if they be not our Calling on the Name of the Lord our Righteousness?

a1852 W. H. Krause Sermons (1859) III. xv. 188 The calling upon the name of the Lord means calling upon Jehovah.

1898 Sketch 19 Oct. 576/2 He was hurrying down the street, pursued by shrill-toned blessings and loud callings on the Saints.

1913 J. Neil Everyday Life in Holy Land 131 In most cases the calling on the name of a powerful protector is sufficient to stay the hand of the most enraged revenger.

1958 W. J. Whalen Christianity & Amer. Freemasonry vi. 82 Christians have always regarded an oath, the calling upon God to witness the truth of a statement, as a most serious act of religion.

2011 S. McKnight Lett. James viii. 440 In liturgical terms, it is epiclesis, or the calling upon the Lord Jesus Christ to become present in power for healing.

†4. The action of receiving a person into one's company; reception, welcome. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation

greetingc900

salus?c1225

hailingc1275

saluingc1374

salutationc1384

halsing1387

callinga1400

hailsinga1400

salutea1400

saluec1430

saluting1533

greeta1592

regreets1600

salvo1653

salvediction1668

hello1854

mihi1869

tumble1921

big-up1992

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11536 And thanked ioseph..O þair calling and herbergeri.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 Bot with my fair calling I comfort thaim all.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 21514 [He received] thame..With fair calling and hamelie cheresing.

5. With of. The action of convening a meeting, assembly, or other gathering.

ΚΠ

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxxvij There Frederick counte Palatin, excuseth the long absence of th'emperour, & repeteth the causes of the calling of that assemblie.

1611 Bible (King James) Num. x. 2 The calling of the assembly.

1671 A. Woodhead Considerations Council of Trent iii. 47 The calling of a General Council..should belong to the Primate of the Patriarchs, or Bishop of the chief See.

1705 W. Nicolson Diary 30 Nov. in London Diaries (1985) 314 The Custodes Regni of Old, in the Absence of our Kings, were frequently restrained from Calling of Parliaments and could never Act beyond their Instructions.

1735 Amherst Rec. (U.S.) (1884) 5/1 The Request of several freholders of the third or East Precinct of Hadley for the Calling of a precinct Meeting.

1846 Evangelical Repository (Philadelphia) Mar. 450 There was no foresight of the events which gave occasion to the calling of the Westminster Assembly.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 276 To prevent the calling of a parliament.

1939 L. D. Baldwin Whiskey Rebels 168 The attempts to prevent Kirkpatrick's escape resulted in the calling of a town meeting the next evening.

1997 P. E. Quint Imperfect Union ix. 83 The constitution may be amended through a plebiscite or by the calling of a constitutional convention.

6. The action or activity of sounding a call in order to attract an animal, esp. as a method of hunting.hog calling, moose-calling: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > call to animals or birds

call1530

calling1725

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Pheasant-pouts Call them together, and when you find they begin to clook and pipe to one another, then forbear calling.

1764 London Mag. Feb. 97/2 In the practising either of these methods, of trailing or calling, great caution must be used, by the operator, to suppress and prevent the scent of his feet and body from being perceived.

1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece xxvii. 128 Calling is practised in still weather... The caller applies two of his fingers to his lips, and sucking them..produces a squeaking sound.

1855 C. Hardy Sporting Adventures in New World I. viii. 168 A white settler, who thought he would try his hand at calling, as moose were numerous in the woods at the back of his clearing.

1888 Cosmopolitan Feb. 463/2 In both calling and still-hunting the assistance of the Indians is absolutely indispensable.

1920 Outing Oct. 6/2 Calling is done in the very early morning and late afternoon.

1967 Boys' Life Sept. 10/2 Whether one hunts or not, calling is an endeavor of endless thrills.

2003 J. Trout in B. Lovett Turkey Hunters ii. ix. 132/1 If a gobbler won't respond to calling, it might be necessary to attempt an ambush.

7. The action or an act of telephoning a person, number, etc.

ΚΠ

1889 W. H. Preece & J. Maier Telephone xiv. 220 The calling from the exchange is effected by means of a calling battery.

1901 N.Y. Times 10 Apr. 16 Miss Lilian Sheerin and Miss Lillie Mellett, telephone operators, testified to the calling of Patrick on the phone by Jones on the day of the old millionaire's death.

1944 T. Annemann Pract. Mental Effects vi. 116 The stunt has an amazing effect... The calling of the operator is, of course, just build-up.

1984 Pop. Mech. Jan. 101/1 The circuitry allows the one-touch calling of seven programmed numbers and emergency numbers.

2001 S. M. Putzi Global Road Warrior 314/2 A local call will cost DM0.30... Calling involves a straightforward coin deposit and dial of the local number.

II. Senses relating to vocation.

a. Divine prompting to accept salvation or to serve God; an inner feeling or conviction that one has been called by God in this way. Hence more generally: any strong conviction that one should follow a particular way of life or course of action.See also effectual calling n. at effectual adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > divine or spiritual

callinga1300

call1632

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > calling to salvation

callinga1300

vocation1502

a1300 (?a1250) Serm. (Trin. Cambr.) in Bull. Mod. Humanities Res. Assoc. (1928) 2 107 (MED) Al þis liuen in here flescis lustis..ne for Godis kalling ne for his manacing hem, ne schriuen ne God dredin.

c1390 Talkyng of Love of God (Vernon) (1950) 38 (MED) I..wolde not arysen for non of þi callynges.

a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 145 (MED) Sen a knyght has grete likyng to be cald to come speke with þe kynge..ilk cristen man at þe callyng of his lauerd god agh redi to be.

c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 268 (MED) Euery gracious sterynge to God is þe callyng of God.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 427 (MED) I shuld rather at on Callyng renne to my makere.

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) 1 Cor. i. 26 Brethren, loke on youre callinge.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rom. i. 7 Sayntes by callynge.

c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 50 Our dumbe ministers haue as good a calling as the scribes and Pharisees had.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 5 The conscious warrant of some high calling.

a1736 P. Middleton Enq. into Inward Call (1741) 4 This Rule..is of excellent use for the settling of their Consciences, who are scrupulous and doubtful, concerning their Inward Calling to any Office or Imployment.

1772 P. Waldo Comm. Liturgy Church of Eng. 168 The Calling, or Election, of these [Christians] is..a free Offer, made to them by God, of Mercy and Salvation, on the gracious Terms of the Gospel.

1811 S. Smith in Edinb. Rev. Feb. 395 The doctrine of calling, or inward feeling, is quite orthodox in the English church.

1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 84 What is it to feel a calling for any thing?

1933 L. Berkhof Man. Christian Doctr. 231 This calling may be either external or internal. God is the author of both.

1946 H. H. Gerth & C. W. Mills tr. M. Weber Ess. in Sociol. v. 135 Without this strange intoxication..; without this passion..; without this you have no calling for science and you should do something else.

1979 G. W. Bromiley Introd. Theol. K. Barth xvi. 228 The sinner is seen to be foreordained for divine calling, that is, for institution into Christ's fellowship and his people's service.

2013 J. Collins What does God want me to Do? 185 I may have a calling to write music and another calling as a father to provide for my family. It is a balancing act to answer both callings if my music does not pay the bills that my family accrues.

b. The state of grace and obedience into which a person is called by God; a duty or obligation which God has called on one to perform.In later use merging with sense 8c.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > of a Christian

callinga1425

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 1 Cor. i. 26 (MED) Þerfore see ȝee ȝoure callyng [L. vocacionem], breþere, for not manye wyse..nor manye myghty..but god cheess þoo thynges þat ar foltyd of þe world.

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 288 (MED) Þey and we ben of oo kynde, of oon calling and to þe same eende to be oonyd in an oþer world, and in þe same service to lyue in þis world.

1536 Bp. J. Longland Serm. Good Fryday sig. Hiv^v He requyrythe of the to be constante in hym, to flee syne, to resyste temptacion, to loue vertue, and to walke in that callynge that thou arte callid vnto, to lyue cristianly.

1579 J. Fielde tr. P. de Mornay Notable Treat. Church x. sig. Y.iii All those that winke in that matter, specially hauing a charge, and a calling to withstand it, they are partakers with his faulte.

1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea in Wks. (1620) I. 482 The state and calling of a true Christian is a louely calling.

1645 Directory Publique Worship 20 Callings towards God and Men.

a1770 E. Sandercock Serm. (1775) I. iv. 145 Scripture..commands diligence in our worldly affairs and employments, as well as sincerity and seriousness in our christian calling.

1801 Missionary Mag. 20 July 296 No person is lawfully called to preach error, but all the world has a lawful calling to announce the truth.

1898 Rep. Conf. World's Student Christian Federation iii. 72 We believe it to be our calling as disciples of Jesus to examine the different questions of our social and political life.

1964 R. P. Martin Worship in Early Church vii. 80 Our calling as Christians is to be discharged in the world of the market-place, the business-house and the farm.

2008 G. Veith Soul Prince Caspian 196 All Christians have a calling as citizens, with the responsibilities that entails, such as voting.

c. A profession devoted to the service of God; an office or position within the church. Hence in extended use: any profession or way of life which a person feels called or destined to pursue.With extended use cf. sense 9b, where there is no implication of a divine or inner call.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun] > profession of

calling1544

profession1682

1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bviii^v As the byshop is ignorante in Godes worde, so he admytteth suche as be vnlerned in Gods worde, evyn suche as by noo possybylite can execute the office of their callinge.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L8 A good pastor and diligent in his calling.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iv. 67 Assisted from heauen with all helpes necessary for their calling.

1623 N. Rogers Strange Vineyard 21 Our fore-fathers counted it an honour to haue one of their children an Abbot, or a Bishop, in which callings then they liued like Epicures.

1654 Jus Divinum Ministerii Evangelici (Provinc. Assembly London) x. 160 It is the will of Christ that those that enter into the Ministerial Calling should be consecrated, set apart and ordained thereunto.

1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiv. 489 In the exalted virtues of his Apostolical calling.

1797 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 939/1 A clergyman, who has been ordained deacon, is never to forsake his calling Upon pain of excommunication.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. ix. 598 The dangerous calling of the missionary.

1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. i. iii. 28 The duties of his sacred calling.

1921 Trail & Timberline Jan. 6 Say, this Mountain Club job isn't a job at all—it's a calling!

1982 B. Pym Unsuitable Attachment i. 15 Turning down the collar of his raincoat and arranging it to expose his clerical collar—for he was not ashamed of his calling—Mark entered the shop.

2003 Film Comment Mar. 32/2 Sarandon..found her calling as a political sex symbol at 41.

2011 C. Jordan Measure of Darkness i. v. 44 Unlike many in the field..monetary gain does not seem to be his primary motivation. For him it's a calling.

†a. A person's position, condition, or station in life; rank. Obsolete. [Probably ultimately after post-classical Latin use of classical Latin vocātiōn-, vocātio vocation n., perhaps with allusion to 1 Corinthians 7:20, where it denotes the condition or position in which a person was when called to salvation (in this verse, the Wycliffite Bible has clepyng, but the Great Bible (1539) uses callinge).]

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > [noun]

estatec1230

statec1300

rowa1350

qualityc1425

calling1477

range1494

line1528

stature1533

respect1601

station1603

gradationa1616

ordinancea1616

repute1615

spherea1616

distance1635

impression1639

civils1650

footing1657

regimen1660

order1667

sect1709

caste1791

status1818

position1829

social status1833

standpoint1875

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 94 The poure shall be holden and bounden to laboure eche man after his degre & callyng.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iv. sig. Q.viii^v Of thy callyng, be rycht weill content.

a1555 H. Latimer Frutefull Serm. (1572) ii. f. 186^v We are commaunded by Gods word to apply our selues to goodnes, euery one in his callyng.

1576 F. Thynne Let. 13 Mar. in Animaduersions (1875) p. lii Righte honorable..presuminge uppon the honor of your callinge.

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 14 Seeing he was a Gentleman of some calling by his trayne.

1600 R. I. Ep. Ded. in Partridge's Treasurie (new ed.) sig. A2^v A Lady of great calling.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iv. vi. 202 As it [sc. Poverty] is esteemed in the worlds censure, t'is a most odious calling.

?1720 J. Grindley Farmers Advice to Jews ii. 65 These Shepherds were Men of no great calling, and most like of very small Learning, and yet the Lord doth reveal the Birth of his Son first unto them.

1771 W. Evans tr. R. Prichard Welshman's Candle 216 Ev'ry one may duely serve his God, According to his calling and degree.

b. The means by which a person makes a living; a profession, trade, or occupation.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession

workeOE

mysteryc1390

facultyc1405

business1477

industrya1500

roomc1500

trade1525

pursuit1529

function1533

calling1539

profession?1552

vocation1553

entertainment1568

station1574

qualitya1586

employment1598

way of lifea1616

state1625

cloth1656

avocation1660

setworka1661

employ1669

estate1685

walk of life?1746

walk1836

society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > vocation

clepingc1384

vocationa1492

call1536

calling1704

mission1819

1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. A.vii^v Euery man shulde as muche as maye be, execute hys busynes, hys callynge, hys office by hym selfe and not by vycares or deputies.

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. To Rdr. As carefull familie shall cease hir cruell callinge, and suffre anie laiser.

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 51 They continue in vnlawful callings.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xiv. 413 They who count a calling a prison, shall at last make a prison their calling.

1648 A. Eyre Diary 19 Oct. in C. Jackson et al. Yorks. Diaries (1877) 112 I..promised to find my Godson clothes for this yere to goe to schoole to Leedes, and then to helpe to provide a calling for him.

1704 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. Misc. Wks. 224 I was a Ferry-man by my Calling.

1726 E. Carter Artificer's Looking-glass 39 I was put an Apprentice to the ancient and laudable Calling of Pot-Making.

1795 Universal Mag. Mar. 201/2 He may open a work-shop, a counting-house, an office, or any other place of business, and pursue his calling.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 284 A large class of mosstroopers, whose calling was to plunder dwellings and drive away whole herds of cattle.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 203 Navigation, with its many attendant callings.

1948 Middle East Jrnl. 2 407 The callings open to the low-class Iranian are restricted to portering, pearling..and sailing.

1971 W. Reyburn Bust-up (1972) 61 Far better to avoid the tedious performance by just saying he's a meatpacker, a calling guaranteed to arouse no interest whatsoever from anyone newly met.

2008 Daily Tel. 29 Sept. 25/4 Former soldiers, sailors, airmen,..as well as those in civilian callings affected by the war: all have stories to tell.

c. concrete. A body of people engaged in a particular profession or trade.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > follower of occupation as profession > members of the same profession

qualitya1586

calling1589

profession1610

chip1763

1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 154 It is not well, that the fault of a fewe..should bee taken as a matter, to discredite the whole calling.

1654 H. Hammond Of Fundamentals in Misc. Theol. Wks. (1847) II. 122 A caution..not to impose celibacy on whole callings, and great multitudes of men or women.

1829 Farrier & Naturalist 15 Aug. 241 These actual members of the ‘calling’, as they designate themselves, profess gratitude.

1871 2nd Ann. Rep. Mass. Bureau Statistics of Labor 571 Different feelings came into play when they saw the whole calling helpless in defeat.

1916 Lumber Trade Jrnl. 1 June 18/1 The lumber industry has two or three of its calling as members of that body.

1921 Hotel Monthly Nov. 32 I was impressed by this during the war—how it leveled all of us; how all callings gathered together.

1997 S. Leigh & S. Taylor Livery Companies of City of London (Corporation of London) 14 Comparatively recently other long established callings have also formed livery companies, such as the Master Mariners, Solicitors and Farmers.

10. Reason, need, occasion (to do something). Frequently in negative constructions. Cf. call n. 14. Now Caribbean.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > a duty or moral necessity

needOE

deedc1400

necessitya1500

office1534

work (also duty) of necessitya1602

incumbency?1608

remorsea1616

incumbence1684

call1704

commitment1837

calling1857

geis1965

1857 Lit. Churchman 17 Oct. 409 A sprightly American air which has no sort of calling to be a hymn-tune.

1975 T. Callender It so Happen 116 I can't say 'bout that, 'cause I never had no calling to go to that man place.

1996 R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage (at cited word) [Guyana] You are a child and you have no calling in other people business nor in other people yard.

III. Senses relating to naming.

11.

†a. The name given to a person or thing; an appellation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun]

nameeOE

wordeOE

clepinga1300

namingc1300

neveningc1300

titlec1390

notea1393

stylec1400

calling?a1425

nomination?a1425

vocable1440

appellation1447

denomination?a1475

vocation1477

preface1582

prenomination1599

nomenclature1610

expressiona1631

denotation1631

appellative1632

compellation1637

denominate1638

nomenclation1638

nominance1642

titularity1643

entitlement1823

compellative1830

cognomen1852

tally1929

denotative1944

anthroponym1952

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) 140^v (MED) It is seid vuula, takyng callyng not of þe substance bot of þe passioun þat falleþ in it like to vue, i. a grape.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 169 ‘Colericus’ by callynge.

1559 Certayne Serm. (new ed.) sig. Cii This our ryght name, callyng, & tytle, earth.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 250 Persons also, had their callings..of some note of the body, as Swanshalse, for the whitenes of her necke.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 222 I am..proud to be Sir Rolands sonne..and would not change that calling .

b. The action of naming a person or thing; the action of using a particular name to refer to a person or thing.Frequently with of and a name or designation as complement or with of and by (the) name (see call v. 10a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > [noun]

nemningOE

namingc1300

denominationc1400

imposition1430

nominationc1450

callingc1475

nominiona1513

christening1528

nuncupation1532

Christendom1570

dedication1576

appellation1583

denominative1589

nomenclaturea1620

cognomination1623

nomenclaturing1803

name-giving1863

nominature1864

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 44 Who euere wole chalenge my..namyngis of þe ij^e and iij^e membre..lete him assigne to me specyal according names to þo ij membris..and y wole anoon forbere and absteyne me fro þe seid maners of calling.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/2 Callyng, namyng, apellance.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. To Rdr. sig. Aaaiiii The diuersitie that is vsed in callinge of simples.

1668 J. Owen Exercitations Epist. to Hebrews xix. 268 The reason of this name is very uncertain. The calling of it Manna in the New Testament, gives countenance to the derivation of the word from..Manah, to prepare and distribute.

1688 J. Bunyan Advocateship Christ Clearly Explained 165 The very calling of him by this or that Title, or Name belonging to this or that Office of his, giveth us Occasion..to think of him as exercising that Office.

1799 Jrnl. House of Assembly Lower-Canada 98 The situation of the place authorises the calling of it by the name it bears, which is Cape Torment.

1827 Christian Examiner & Theol. Rev. July 362 The calling of persons by name in prayer ought to be carefully avoided.

1886 W. M. Taylor Joseph Prime-minister ii. 29 Envy..has in it something very peculiar, fully justifying the calling of it diabolical.

1989 S. C. Wheeler in R. W. Dasenbrock Redrawing Lines 126 It also makes metaphor, the calling of something by the name of something else, part of every use of language whatsoever.

2002 P. Phillippy Women, Death & Lit. in Post-Reformation Eng. vii. 227 Adam's calling of the woman by name, Hevah,..inaugurates the redemptive march of Christian history.

12. English regional (Yorkshire). A scolding. Cf. call v. 11.

ΚΠ

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 24 A Calling, a scolding. ‘A good calling,’ a round of abuse.

1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. He behaved badly, so I gave him a good calling.

1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness (at cited word) Ah gat sike a callin as Ah nivver had i' my life.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 19/1 Yĕ nivver heerd onybody get sikan a callin in yer leyf.

IV. Scottish. Senses relating to driving (cf. call v. IV.).

13. Scottish. The action of driving sheep, cattle, or whales to a particular place; a roundup, a drive. Cf. call v. 27a. Now chiefly Orkney and Shetland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > droving > rounding up

calling?a1425

muster1841

roundup1847

mustering1860

rounding up1876

count-muster1891

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 122 (MED) He had herd speke his owne langage before, & the callynge of oxen at the plowgh [?a1425 Egerton as men drafe bestez].

1545 MS Rec. Aberdeen in J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (1879) 400/1 The cawyng of wedderis in grit furth of the schyir.

c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 356 In..calling of his cattel throuch landis pertening to the defendar.

1976 R. Bulter Shaela 48 Da sheep still clubbit fae an aerlier caa'n Idda face o da hill.

2003 B. Smith in Shetland Sea Mammal Rep. 13 There is evidence here and there that there were local rules about the process of caaing.

2004 I. Mitchell Isles of North vi. 165 After all the effort to get back, the caaing was cancelled due to a lack of dogs.

Phrases

calling of names: the action of calling someone abusive or insulting names; name-calling. Cf. to call names at call v. Phrases 2d.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun] > by calling names

misnaming1641

calling of names1656

name-calling1819

1656 C. Jelinger Christ & his Saints 21 You..spend your time in nothing else but telling of newes or tales, and lies, and calling of names.

1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 251 The Disputants never come to throwing of dirt, or calling of names till they are baffled, and have nothing else to reply.

1704 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. Misc. Wks. 217 There is such calling of Names and giving the Lye.

1723 G. James tr. J. R. de Serviez Lives & Amours of Empresses 303 From hard Words they proceeded to the bitterest Invectives, and from calling of Names to downright Blows.

1797 Scots Mag. Jan. 23/1 That lowest species of all bigotry, the calling of names, and returning evil for evil.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) iv. 40 Such a bandying of words and calling of names.

1889 Manitoba Daily Free Press 16 Oct. 2/2 We have never degenerated to the mere calling of names.

1900 Chautauquan Sept. 554/2 The calling of names is easy and futile.

1953 P. Miller New Eng. Mind II. xiv. 223 A most un-Christian calling of names.

2011 F. Wilson How to survive Titanic 234 There is no tone of vulgar recrimination, no calling of names and bringing up of useless bitterness in this gesture.

Compounds

C1.

a. With following adverb, forming nouns of action corresponding to phrasal verbs at call v., as calling-off, calling-out, calling-up, etc. (see call v. Phrasal verbs 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [noun] > taking in > calling in

calling1534

incalling1669

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 58 Callynge or clepynge a-ȝene, revocacio.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 58 Callynge or clepynge to-gedyr, convocacio.

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. lx They wold rather be content to put yt whole into the iudges handes, then trouble the countrey wyth callynge vppe of the iuryes.

1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. f. xxiij Y^e calling in of y^e gentils into his chirch.

1586 W. Herbert Let. True Christian Catholike 6 A calling out or euocation of people out of ignorance and error vnto the faith and knowledge of God.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §316 The calling forth of the Spirits of the Body outward.

1649 Bloudy Fight Harford-shire 4 He himself being the Coy, for the calling in and ensnaring of the adverse party.

1714 Earl of Balcarres Acct. Affairs Scotl. 23 All Parties kept within bounds until the calling away of the standing Forces.

1720 D. Defoe Vision of Angelick World 37 in Serious Refl. Infinite Checks, Rebukes, and Callings off by the attendant Spirits, who have Power to correct and restrain him [sc. the Devil].

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. Introd. p. xxiii The parliament of Scotland..had the nomination of the commanders, and the calling out of the armies.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xiv. 285 A calling-out of many of the higher powers.

1877 Design & Work 3 713/3 For calling-up purposes I have a bell in the bedroom of a very drowsy domestic.

1891 Davenport (Iowa) Morning Tribute 28 Nov. Some of the storekeepers in Baltimore will not permit the use of the telephone for secular purposes on Sunday beyond the calling up of a physician.

1918 Act 8 George V c. 5 §4 (2) With a view to preventing..the calling up of himself..for any form of military service.

1921 Birth Control Rev. Aug. 5/1 The calling away of our officers forced us to discontinue this work.

1936 M. Plowman Faith called Pacifism 94 When the calling-up paper comes along again, under the Conscription Act.

1987 A. Morgan J. Ramsay MacDonald v. 122 The Labour Party would have no compunction about the calling off of the general strike and the abandonment of the miners.

1994 Coin News May 44/2 This note is intended only for dealing with the town finance-offices, and loses its validity one month after the public calling-in.

calling down n. (a) the action of officially lowering the price, value, monetary rate, etc., of something, originally probably by proclamation (now historical); (b) (chiefly North American) a scolding, a dressing-down; cf. to call down 4 at call v. Phrasal verbs 1 (now somewhat rare).

ΚΠ

1551 T. Chamberlayne Let. 7 June in J. G. Nichols Lit. Remains Edward VI (1857) II. 321 The calling down of the money..to be the remedy for dearth of things as well within the realm.

1621 T. Culpeper Tract against Usurie 4 There is nothing more auaileable then the calling downe of the high rate of Vsury.

1886 Warren (Pa.) Daily Mirror 30 Mar. Last Thursday H. H. Kennedy came to this office and attempted to give us a calling down on what we wrote in regard to his trouble with the railroad.

1898 Observer 11 Dec. 3 The creditors of Spain..know that there will be a calling down of their revenue.

1930 R. Pertwee Pursuit i. xiii. 63 N.C.O.'s and other ranks were within hearing of the calling-down Frost was receiving.

1957 William & Mary Q. 14 384 This was the period when the Secretary to the Treasury, William Lowndes, was..advocating the calling down of the coin.

1985 N.Y. Times 15 Dec. h14/6 I was terrified of them. If I had a hairpin sticking out of my hair, I got a calling down.

calling over n. †(a) the action or an act of reading out a list of names in order to establish who is present; a roll-call (obsolete); (b) an examination or cross-check of accounts, by reading through the entries; cf. to call over 2b at call v. Phrasal verbs 1 (now somewhat rare).

ΚΠ

1594 J. Smythe Certen Instr. Militarie 206 Euerie such principall Gentleman Mustermaster should in calling ouer of euery horsman by name in order as they are in his muster roll set downe, make euery one of them..to alight a foot.

1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre i. vii. 169 Many times they are so brittle, that they can hardly endure the calling over, which makes them so skilfull at the yeares end, that they can hardly distinguish a Rancke, from a File.

a1690 S. Jeake Charters Cinque Ports (1728) Annot. 92 After the calling over of the House, the Speaker makes a short Speech to declare the Occasion of their Meeting.

1819 Manch. Chron. 25 Oct. The Chairman decided..any objection..might be discussed before the accounts were passed. The calling over of the vouchers then continued.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 110 The master..came down in cap and gown to calling-over.

1869 R. Y. Barnes Universal Syst. Book-keeping p. vii The calling over of the books can be done, either by the book-keeper, or by a professional Accountant.

1908 F. Richards Making of Harry Wharton ix, in Magnet 1 No. 1 They won't search for me yet. I sha'n't be missed till calling-over.

1979 K. Hoyle & G. Whitehead Business Statistics & Accounting made Simple xii. 152 A quick ‘calling over’ of the Ledger Accounts..will discover the error.

C2. General attributive.

a. With the sense ‘of or relating to calling aloud or summoning’.

ΚΠ

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 20 When the Eagle beginneth to growe to lyking, neare cawking or calling time.

1630 D. Forbes tr. P. Nicolai Chronologica Sacra sig. A6^v Anno Christi 70 endeth the calling tyme of the Iewes, when their chiefe Citie, and whole policies were destroyed to the ground.

1745 R. Erskine Happy Hour Christ's Quickening Voice 27 He hath his calling Hour, in which he calls his Sheep, as it were by Name, and calls them effectually.

1879 19th Cent. July 53 He is sure to have got wet through with perspiration on his way to the calling place.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 13 Aug. 2/1 The dreamless sleep of the outdoor worker till calling-time next morning.

1965 Behaviour 26 276 Calling [in frogs] is preceded by the assumption of a calling posture.

2007 S. Hickoff Fall & Winter Turkey Hunter's Handbk. vi. 51 Some hunters call these ‘idiot boxes’, an unfair assertion, as these calling tools require a certain finesse to use effectively.

b. With the sense ‘of or relating to the paying of visits or calls’. Cf. call v. V.See also calling card n. 1a.

ΚΠ

1791 F. Burney Jrnl. Dec. (1972) I. 103 I had calling visits from Lady Herries, M^lle Jacobi, & Miss Ariana Egerton—but I can never admit occasional comers.

1814 T. Creevey Let. 14 June (1963) 109 I called on her this morning, and saw some very different names in her calling book from what I had ever seen before.

1871 H. B. Stowe My Wife & I xxiv. 222 She was all plumed and rustling in flowers and laces, and had on her calling manners.

1888 R. Kipling Beyond Pale in Plain Tales from Hills 150 Trejago..put on his calling-clothes and called on the ladies of the Station.

1919 ‘A. Pryde’ Marqueray's Duel (1920) 95 Her brother Selwyn,..dressed in very elegant calling clothes and an incredibly dirty painter's blouse.

1979 Princeton Alumni Weekly 15 Jan. 23/2 We hope Sid and Ginnie will continue the calling tradition come June.

2003 F. Noël Family Life & Sociability Upper & Lower Canada 1780–1870 x. 211 Although the elite followed formal rules of calling etiquette, less formal visits between kin also took place.

c. Designating a place stopped at during a journey or as part of a scheduled route.

ΚΠ

1800 Holden's Ann. List Coaches from London 380 (heading) Calling houses.

1848 S. Bamford Early Days (1859) xii. 118 Another calling house was Schofield's.

1893 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 6/2 There will be four calling stations.

1908 Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 4/6 His seeing the Union Jack at every calling-port.

1932 H. Pidgeon Around World Single-handed 144 I had no information other than the latitude and longitude of Rodriguez Island, my next calling place.

2003 J. Dennis Living Great Lakes (2004) iv. 45 On their sterns were painted their names and calling ports.

d. With the sense ‘of or relating to the making of telephone calls.’

ΚΠ

1881 U.S. Patent 240,853 2/2 In telephone toll systems, the combination..of an electrical-signal generator, a locked calling-switch, and an unlocked switch.

1921 W. Aitken Automatic Telephone Syst. I. 185 The calling receiver may be replaced just before the register is connected and cause a premature release.

1965 Fergus Falls (Minnesota) Daily Jrnl. 23 Dec. 3/6 (advt.) Lowest interstate calling rates in history are in effect after 8 every evening.

1984 PR Newswire (Nexis) 20 June Roaming allows a cellular customer to obtain service outside of his home calling area.

2002 Financial Times 17 July (Telecoms Suppl.) p. vi Family calling plans, offering 600 or so shared minutes a month, consolidated billing and sometimes with free phones thrown in, are proving increasingly popular.

2014 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 June 16/3 The court could order phone companies to produce calling records of all numbers that communicated with the suspect number.

C3.

calling bell n. Indian English a doorbell.

ΚΠ

1971 Times of India 5 Sept. (Times Weekly section) 11/1 The calling bell rang and I opened the door.

1991 Hindu (Madras) 6 Dec. 1/1 Two youngsters clad in pant, shirt and sweater, rang the calling bell asking to meet Hayagrivachari.

2006 T. J. Rao in R. Rao That Man on Road xviii. 216 After I had pressed the calling bell four or five times, Bangarraju opened the door.

calling hours n. (a) the times during which a person is available to receive visitors (now historical); (b) U.S. the times during which mourners may view the body of the deceased before a funeral.

ΚΠ

1835 G. Webster Edinb. Literary Album 147 The day was wearing on past calling hours.

1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford 4 From 12 to 3 are our Calling-hours.

1917 A. H. Morton One's Self & Others v. 97 Calling hours for men are from five to six-thirty, and from eight to nine in the evening. Fifteen minutes is the fair limit of time for a formal call.

1934 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 21 July 8/1 Interment in Wiltwyck Cemetery. Calling hours Saturday afternoon 2 to 5 and evening 7 to 9 o'clock.

1999 Washington Hist. 11 50/1 The paper also regularly published notices of social events and hostesses' calling hours.

2012 Herald Bull. (Anderson, Indiana) 3 July a4 A private graveside service..will be held at Grove Lawn Cemetery in Pendleton. There will be no calling hours.

calling list n. (a) Law (in Scotland) a list of cases recently raised in the Court of Session, published periodically as notification of the bringing of an action; (b) (originally U.S.) a list of people on whom one intends to pay calls, or from whom one should expect calls; a visiting list (now historical).

ΚΠ

1826 T. Beveridge Pract. Treat. Forms of Process I. iii. ii. 246 In regard to the calling lists..the entries..need not be so very full..; their object being merely to make the agents for parties aware that the process has been called in Court, and is to be proceeded in.

1852 ‘H. Trusta’ Peep at ‘Number Five’ xiv. 118 Although, as the days slipped by, many names were struck from the ‘calling-list’, it still remained formidable.

1900 Wellesley Mag. 12 May 444 On the afternoon of her ‘at home’, when two of her calling-list had punctually plodded their way up to long drive leading to the house.

1960 Times 8 Jan. 14 Yesterday's calling list included the following: ‘The most noble Margaret, Duchess of Argyll..against the most noble Ian Douglas, Duke of Argyll.’

2005 B. Cleverly Bee's Kiss (2006) xxi. 218 It's quite bad enough having a little brother who's a CID officer but if he also invades my neighbours' houses when they're known to be away from home—well!—my calling list will drop off pretty sharply!

2012 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 7 Dec. hs5 A case involving Mr Morris against Ms Magnanti appeared in the Calling List of the Court of Session in Edinburgh this week.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	calling
释义	callingn. Brit. /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɔlɪŋ/, /ˈkɑlɪŋ/ Forms: see call v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: call v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < call v. + -ing suffix¹.With use in religious contexts in branch II. compare post-classical senses of classical Latin vocātiōn- , vocātio vocation n. I. Senses relating to calling out or summoning. 1. a. The action or an act of crying out loudly, forcibly, and distinctly, so as to be heard at a distance; the calls resulting from this. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > call clepingc975 callinga1300 calla1400 clamation1502 claim1596 inclamation1613 loud-hailing1943 a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 505 For here care & here calling Hem cam to Crist, heuen-king. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xxi. sig. Fii What complayntes callynges and lamentacyons. 1509 J. Fisher Serm. Henry VIJ (de Worde) sig. Av^v So many betynges and knockynges of his brest, so many syghes, so many teres, so many callynges for mercy. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms v. 1 Heare my wordes (o Lorde), considre my callynge. 1603 M. Kellison Surv. New Relig. i. i. 26 But the man after muche callinge not a risinge, his wife calleth on him also, & rubbes him on the side, to signifie that nowe was the tyme to rise. 1647 W. Petty Advice to Hartlib 16 The Nurses shall be alwayes at hand in the Hospitall to help the sick, that by reason of their absence they may not be put to straine and offend themselves by often and loud crying and calling. 1712 P. Woodman Medicus Novissimus xii. 94 The Party neither Speaks, Stirs, or opens his Eyes, make never so much Noise and Callings. 1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. iii. i. 438 They heard a loud calling at the gate of the farm-house. 1878 E. E. Hale Mrs. Merriam's Scholars iv. 44 A rumbling on the outer stairway, with knockings and callings loud and voluble, announced that Aunt Dolly was on her way with breakfast. 1881 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 6/1 We got down under a low flat-topped hill..at the door of a small inn, and after much calling roused up the proprietor. 1903 W. R. Lighton Ultimate Moment vii. 54 The strident calling of newsboys and fruit-peddlers. 1956 M. S. Link Pollen Path 94 Then the singing and calling stopped and there was quiet in the canyon. 2013 M. Bailat-Jones tr. C. F. Ramuz Beauty on Earth xiii. 192 She sees Rouge who has headed toward where the calling was coming from. b. The action or an act of an animal, esp. a bird, making its characteristic cry; an animal's call. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > action of making calling1440 clamouring1548 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 58 Cakelynge, or callynge of hennys, gracillacio. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 23 That Eagle..is taught to make a greate noyse as shee roueth too and fro, ouer the Foreste, not muche vnlike the questing or calling of a dogge. 1677 J. Webster Displaying Supposed Witchcraft iv. 61 These will take..the calling of a Daker-hen in the Meadow to be the Whistlers. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xiii. 106 Crowing of Cocks, kekling of Hens, calling of Partridges. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Spread Net You will soon know if there be any of the Birds by their Calling. 1878 W. Black Macleod of Dare II. ii. 32 They could hear all around them the soft callings of the guillemots. 1888 H. Seely Nymph of West vi. 87 A blue jay..filled the air with his harsh calling. 1907 C. G. D. Roberts Haunters of Silences 76 There were others besides the woodsman for whom the calling of the lonely cow had interest. 1965 Behaviour 26 277 Any calling by a frog during either period was considered evidence of the ability to produce a mating call. 2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon iv. 94 The hysterical calling of the screech-owls who lived in the oak tree. c. English regional (Cornwall). A resonant murmuring sound made by the sea and heard inland; this as a phenomenon. Chiefly in calling of the sea. Now rare. ΚΠ 1843 R. Edmonds in 11th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 47 In Mount's Bay..there is often heard inland at a distance from the shore, a peculiar hollow murmuring sound, locally termed ‘the calling of the sea’. 1843 R. Edmonds in 11th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 48 This sound must not be confounded with that arising from a ‘ground sea’,..for this latter noise propagates itself in every direction, and chiefly in that of the wind, whereas the ‘calling’ is heard only from one direction, and usually contrary to the wind. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 49 There came so loud a calling of the sea, That all the houses in the haven rang. 1906 P. Penn Cornish Notes & Queries viii. 243 ‘Non Constat’ asks for an explanation of the atmospherical phenomenon known locally as ‘The calling of the sea’. 1980 D. Macrae tr. F. Morvan Legends of Sea 21 In some parts of England, if a sort of moaning is heard along the coast, the local people call it the calling of the sea. 2. a. The action or an act of commanding or requesting the attendance of a person; a summons. Also figurative.In early use in figurative contexts with reference to God; cf. sense 8a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning > summoning together callinga1400 convocation1413 vocation?a1505 vocation of the Gentiles1550 convocatinga1649 convention1702 convoking1765 a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 4347 Ȝyf ȝe slepe at hys kallyng Ȝe shul nat come yn at þe weddyng. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1362 (MED) Þurȝ þe cuntre of Caldee his callyng con spryng, Þat alle þe grete..schulde..assemble at a set day at þe saudans fest. 1457 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 185 (MED) That all men of the seid craft go togidere at the callyng of the Maister of the seid craft. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 100 Lyke as the Venite is a callynge to psalmody. so..is the versycle a warninge. that ye shulde be redy..to turne your mynde to the lessons. 1612 Mr. King tr. Benvenuto Passenger i. iv. 273 Calling of me to that herball dinner and leane repast. 1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. F7^v By such a constant kindness and hospitableness to such thoughts..they will, as it were, come to the mind without calling. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 358 This is called the voucher..or calling of Jacob Morland to warranty. 1770 Oxf. Mag. July 26/1 Counsellor Lucas, previous to the calling of witnesses, opened the case. 1826 A. Cunningham Paul Jones III. i. 20 A kind of calling of lightning from the cloud to kindle a fire. 1983 E. E. Fuller Milton's Kinesthetic Vision in Paradise Lost ix. 155 Adam..‘presumes’ to ask the God who comes at his calling to satisfy this yearning. 2014 S. Young in M. Groves Mod. Admin. Law in Austral. xiii. 286 The High Court found the proceedings to be flawed by reason of..the prosecution's calling of Kirk as a witness. b. In the Presbyterian, Lutheran, and some other Protestant churches: the action of inviting a person to undertake the office of pastor; an invitation of this type. Cf. vocation n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > vocation > [noun] vocation1442 calling1538 1538 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Sarcerius Common Places of Script. xlvii. f. clxxiii^v To exercyse the officies of the eclesiastical power openly without lawfull calling by the church to y^e same. 1581 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1840) II. 492 Vocatioun or calling..is ane lauchfull way, be the quhilk qualefeit personis is promoittit to ane spirituall office within the Kirk of God. 1621 D. Calderwood Altar of Damascus 12 [He] made it nice to take on a Bishopricke, till he had a lawfull calling, and the free approbation of the Kirk. 1647 G. Gillespie CXI Propositions conc. Ministerie & Govt. Church 2 Before it bee lawfull to undergoe that Sacred Ministery in Churches constituted, a speciall Calling, yea beside, a lawfull Election..a mission, or sending, or..Ordination, is necessarily required. 1733 T. Gordon Defection Church of Scotl. from Reformation-princ. Considered 15 That rule anent the Election and Calling of Ministers, established by our Books of Discipline, and Acts of Assembly; whereby it is declared..that it appertaineth to the People of every several Congregation to elect their Minister. 1829 Christian Rev. & Clerical Mag. Jan. 119 To this body also appertained the calling of new ministers, whenever a vacancy occurred. 1864 J. M. Duncan Paroch. Eccl. Law Scotl. ii. 72 The presbytery by whose decision and authority the calling and entry of a particular ministry were effected. 1918 Evangelical Herald 19 Dec. 5/2 If these two revisions were adopted and put into the constitution of all our congregations, the calling of a pastor would be more proper and more pleasant. 1999 J. S. Gray & J. C. Tucker Presbyterian Polity for Church Officers (ed. 3) vii. 80 The changes must also be approved by the congregation, a participant in the calling process. 2011 S. D. Paulson Lutheran Theol. xi. 239 The calling of a public minister from among the Royal priesthood. 3. With on, upon. The action or an act of invoking or making supplication to God, a saint, or other power; invocation, supplication. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 19095 Þe callyng on [Vesp. on-call of] his holy name. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Li By the inuocacion and callynge on the name of Jesu. c1560 T. Becon Sycke Mannes Salue f. lxvi^v Thys faythful and harty callyng on the Lordes name for remission of sinnes. 1666 E. Wettenhall Enter into thy Closet ii. vii. 67 Holy men in Scripture..frame their invocations or callings upon God, as may suit with their main business at the throne of grace. 1729 J. Glas Testimony King of Martyrs v. 269 What are our Prayers, if they be not our Calling on the Name of the Lord our Righteousness? a1852 W. H. Krause Sermons (1859) III. xv. 188 The calling upon the name of the Lord means calling upon Jehovah. 1898 Sketch 19 Oct. 576/2 He was hurrying down the street, pursued by shrill-toned blessings and loud callings on the Saints. 1913 J. Neil Everyday Life in Holy Land 131 In most cases the calling on the name of a powerful protector is sufficient to stay the hand of the most enraged revenger. 1958 W. J. Whalen Christianity & Amer. Freemasonry vi. 82 Christians have always regarded an oath, the calling upon God to witness the truth of a statement, as a most serious act of religion. 2011 S. McKnight Lett. James viii. 440 In liturgical terms, it is epiclesis, or the calling upon the Lord Jesus Christ to become present in power for healing. †4. The action of receiving a person into one's company; reception, welcome. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation greetingc900 salus?c1225 hailingc1275 saluingc1374 salutationc1384 halsing1387 callinga1400 hailsinga1400 salutea1400 saluec1430 saluting1533 greeta1592 regreets1600 salvo1653 salvediction1668 hello1854 mihi1869 tumble1921 big-up1992 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11536 And thanked ioseph..O þair calling and herbergeri. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 Bot with my fair calling I comfort thaim all. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 21514 [He received] thame..With fair calling and hamelie cheresing. 5. With of. The action of convening a meeting, assembly, or other gathering. ΚΠ 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxxvij There Frederick counte Palatin, excuseth the long absence of th'emperour, & repeteth the causes of the calling of that assemblie. 1611 Bible (King James) Num. x. 2 The calling of the assembly. View more context for this quotation 1671 A. Woodhead Considerations Council of Trent iii. 47 The calling of a General Council..should belong to the Primate of the Patriarchs, or Bishop of the chief See. 1705 W. Nicolson Diary 30 Nov. in London Diaries (1985) 314 The Custodes Regni of Old, in the Absence of our Kings, were frequently restrained from Calling of Parliaments and could never Act beyond their Instructions. 1735 Amherst Rec. (U.S.) (1884) 5/1 The Request of several freholders of the third or East Precinct of Hadley for the Calling of a precinct Meeting. 1846 Evangelical Repository (Philadelphia) Mar. 450 There was no foresight of the events which gave occasion to the calling of the Westminster Assembly. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 276 To prevent the calling of a parliament. 1939 L. D. Baldwin Whiskey Rebels 168 The attempts to prevent Kirkpatrick's escape resulted in the calling of a town meeting the next evening. 1997 P. E. Quint Imperfect Union ix. 83 The constitution may be amended through a plebiscite or by the calling of a constitutional convention. 6. The action or activity of sounding a call in order to attract an animal, esp. as a method of hunting.hog calling, moose-calling: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > call to animals or birds call1530 calling1725 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Pheasant-pouts Call them together, and when you find they begin to clook and pipe to one another, then forbear calling. 1764 London Mag. Feb. 97/2 In the practising either of these methods, of trailing or calling, great caution must be used, by the operator, to suppress and prevent the scent of his feet and body from being perceived. 1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece xxvii. 128 Calling is practised in still weather... The caller applies two of his fingers to his lips, and sucking them..produces a squeaking sound. 1855 C. Hardy Sporting Adventures in New World I. viii. 168 A white settler, who thought he would try his hand at calling, as moose were numerous in the woods at the back of his clearing. 1888 Cosmopolitan Feb. 463/2 In both calling and still-hunting the assistance of the Indians is absolutely indispensable. 1920 Outing Oct. 6/2 Calling is done in the very early morning and late afternoon. 1967 Boys' Life Sept. 10/2 Whether one hunts or not, calling is an endeavor of endless thrills. 2003 J. Trout in B. Lovett Turkey Hunters ii. ix. 132/1 If a gobbler won't respond to calling, it might be necessary to attempt an ambush. 7. The action or an act of telephoning a person, number, etc. ΚΠ 1889 W. H. Preece & J. Maier Telephone xiv. 220 The calling from the exchange is effected by means of a calling battery. 1901 N.Y. Times 10 Apr. 16 Miss Lilian Sheerin and Miss Lillie Mellett, telephone operators, testified to the calling of Patrick on the phone by Jones on the day of the old millionaire's death. 1944 T. Annemann Pract. Mental Effects vi. 116 The stunt has an amazing effect... The calling of the operator is, of course, just build-up. 1984 Pop. Mech. Jan. 101/1 The circuitry allows the one-touch calling of seven programmed numbers and emergency numbers. 2001 S. M. Putzi Global Road Warrior 314/2 A local call will cost DM0.30... Calling involves a straightforward coin deposit and dial of the local number. II. Senses relating to vocation. 8. a. Divine prompting to accept salvation or to serve God; an inner feeling or conviction that one has been called by God in this way. Hence more generally: any strong conviction that one should follow a particular way of life or course of action.See also effectual calling n. at effectual adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > divine or spiritual callinga1300 call1632 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > calling to salvation callinga1300 vocation1502 a1300 (?a1250) Serm. (Trin. Cambr.) in Bull. Mod. Humanities Res. Assoc. (1928) 2 107 (MED) Al þis liuen in here flescis lustis..ne for Godis kalling ne for his manacing hem, ne schriuen ne God dredin. c1390 Talkyng of Love of God (Vernon) (1950) 38 (MED) I..wolde not arysen for non of þi callynges. a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 145 (MED) Sen a knyght has grete likyng to be cald to come speke with þe kynge..ilk cristen man at þe callyng of his lauerd god agh redi to be. c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 268 (MED) Euery gracious sterynge to God is þe callyng of God. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 427 (MED) I shuld rather at on Callyng renne to my makere. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) 1 Cor. i. 26 Brethren, loke on youre callinge. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rom. i. 7 Sayntes by callynge. c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 50 Our dumbe ministers haue as good a calling as the scribes and Pharisees had. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 5 The conscious warrant of some high calling. a1736 P. Middleton Enq. into Inward Call (1741) 4 This Rule..is of excellent use for the settling of their Consciences, who are scrupulous and doubtful, concerning their Inward Calling to any Office or Imployment. 1772 P. Waldo Comm. Liturgy Church of Eng. 168 The Calling, or Election, of these [Christians] is..a free Offer, made to them by God, of Mercy and Salvation, on the gracious Terms of the Gospel. 1811 S. Smith in Edinb. Rev. Feb. 395 The doctrine of calling, or inward feeling, is quite orthodox in the English church. 1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 84 What is it to feel a calling for any thing? 1933 L. Berkhof Man. Christian Doctr. 231 This calling may be either external or internal. God is the author of both. 1946 H. H. Gerth & C. W. Mills tr. M. Weber Ess. in Sociol. v. 135 Without this strange intoxication..; without this passion..; without this you have no calling for science and you should do something else. 1979 G. W. Bromiley Introd. Theol. K. Barth xvi. 228 The sinner is seen to be foreordained for divine calling, that is, for institution into Christ's fellowship and his people's service. 2013 J. Collins What does God want me to Do? 185 I may have a calling to write music and another calling as a father to provide for my family. It is a balancing act to answer both callings if my music does not pay the bills that my family accrues. b. The state of grace and obedience into which a person is called by God; a duty or obligation which God has called on one to perform.In later use merging with sense 8c. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > of a Christian callinga1425 a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 1 Cor. i. 26 (MED) Þerfore see ȝee ȝoure callyng [L. vocacionem], breþere, for not manye wyse..nor manye myghty..but god cheess þoo thynges þat ar foltyd of þe world. c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 288 (MED) Þey and we ben of oo kynde, of oon calling and to þe same eende to be oonyd in an oþer world, and in þe same service to lyue in þis world. 1536 Bp. J. Longland Serm. Good Fryday sig. Hiv^v He requyrythe of the to be constante in hym, to flee syne, to resyste temptacion, to loue vertue, and to walke in that callynge that thou arte callid vnto, to lyue cristianly. 1579 J. Fielde tr. P. de Mornay Notable Treat. Church x. sig. Y.iii All those that winke in that matter, specially hauing a charge, and a calling to withstand it, they are partakers with his faulte. 1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea in Wks. (1620) I. 482 The state and calling of a true Christian is a louely calling. 1645 Directory Publique Worship 20 Callings towards God and Men. a1770 E. Sandercock Serm. (1775) I. iv. 145 Scripture..commands diligence in our worldly affairs and employments, as well as sincerity and seriousness in our christian calling. 1801 Missionary Mag. 20 July 296 No person is lawfully called to preach error, but all the world has a lawful calling to announce the truth. 1898 Rep. Conf. World's Student Christian Federation iii. 72 We believe it to be our calling as disciples of Jesus to examine the different questions of our social and political life. 1964 R. P. Martin Worship in Early Church vii. 80 Our calling as Christians is to be discharged in the world of the market-place, the business-house and the farm. 2008 G. Veith Soul Prince Caspian 196 All Christians have a calling as citizens, with the responsibilities that entails, such as voting. c. A profession devoted to the service of God; an office or position within the church. Hence in extended use: any profession or way of life which a person feels called or destined to pursue.With extended use cf. sense 9b, where there is no implication of a divine or inner call. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun] > profession of calling1544 profession1682 1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bviii^v As the byshop is ignorante in Godes worde, so he admytteth suche as be vnlerned in Gods worde, evyn suche as by noo possybylite can execute the office of their callinge. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L8 A good pastor and diligent in his calling. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iv. 67 Assisted from heauen with all helpes necessary for their calling. 1623 N. Rogers Strange Vineyard 21 Our fore-fathers counted it an honour to haue one of their children an Abbot, or a Bishop, in which callings then they liued like Epicures. 1654 Jus Divinum Ministerii Evangelici (Provinc. Assembly London) x. 160 It is the will of Christ that those that enter into the Ministerial Calling should be consecrated, set apart and ordained thereunto. 1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiv. 489 In the exalted virtues of his Apostolical calling. 1797 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 939/1 A clergyman, who has been ordained deacon, is never to forsake his calling Upon pain of excommunication. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. ix. 598 The dangerous calling of the missionary. 1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. i. iii. 28 The duties of his sacred calling. 1921 Trail & Timberline Jan. 6 Say, this Mountain Club job isn't a job at all—it's a calling! 1982 B. Pym Unsuitable Attachment i. 15 Turning down the collar of his raincoat and arranging it to expose his clerical collar—for he was not ashamed of his calling—Mark entered the shop. 2003 Film Comment Mar. 32/2 Sarandon..found her calling as a political sex symbol at 41. 2011 C. Jordan Measure of Darkness i. v. 44 Unlike many in the field..monetary gain does not seem to be his primary motivation. For him it's a calling. 9. †a. A person's position, condition, or station in life; rank. Obsolete. [Probably ultimately after post-classical Latin use of classical Latin vocātiōn-, vocātio vocation n., perhaps with allusion to 1 Corinthians 7:20, where it denotes the condition or position in which a person was when called to salvation (in this verse, the Wycliffite Bible has clepyng, but the Great Bible (1539) uses callinge).] ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [noun] estatec1230 statec1300 rowa1350 qualityc1425 calling1477 range1494 line1528 stature1533 respect1601 station1603 gradationa1616 ordinancea1616 repute1615 spherea1616 distance1635 impression1639 civils1650 footing1657 regimen1660 order1667 sect1709 caste1791 status1818 position1829 social status1833 standpoint1875 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 94 The poure shall be holden and bounden to laboure eche man after his degre & callyng. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iv. sig. Q.viii^v Of thy callyng, be rycht weill content. a1555 H. Latimer Frutefull Serm. (1572) ii. f. 186^v We are commaunded by Gods word to apply our selues to goodnes, euery one in his callyng. 1576 F. Thynne Let. 13 Mar. in Animaduersions (1875) p. lii Righte honorable..presuminge uppon the honor of your callinge. 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 14 Seeing he was a Gentleman of some calling by his trayne. 1600 R. I. Ep. Ded. in Partridge's Treasurie (new ed.) sig. A2^v A Lady of great calling. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iv. vi. 202 As it [sc. Poverty] is esteemed in the worlds censure, t'is a most odious calling. ?1720 J. Grindley Farmers Advice to Jews ii. 65 These Shepherds were Men of no great calling, and most like of very small Learning, and yet the Lord doth reveal the Birth of his Son first unto them. 1771 W. Evans tr. R. Prichard Welshman's Candle 216 Ev'ry one may duely serve his God, According to his calling and degree. b. The means by which a person makes a living; a profession, trade, or occupation. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession workeOE mysteryc1390 facultyc1405 business1477 industrya1500 roomc1500 trade1525 pursuit1529 function1533 calling1539 profession?1552 vocation1553 entertainment1568 station1574 qualitya1586 employment1598 way of lifea1616 state1625 cloth1656 avocation1660 setworka1661 employ1669 estate1685 walk of life?1746 walk1836 society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > vocation clepingc1384 vocationa1492 call1536 calling1704 mission1819 1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. A.vii^v Euery man shulde as muche as maye be, execute hys busynes, hys callynge, hys office by hym selfe and not by vycares or deputies. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. To Rdr. As carefull familie shall cease hir cruell callinge, and suffre anie laiser. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 51 They continue in vnlawful callings. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xiv. 413 They who count a calling a prison, shall at last make a prison their calling. 1648 A. Eyre Diary 19 Oct. in C. Jackson et al. Yorks. Diaries (1877) 112 I..promised to find my Godson clothes for this yere to goe to schoole to Leedes, and then to helpe to provide a calling for him. 1704 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. Misc. Wks. 224 I was a Ferry-man by my Calling. 1726 E. Carter Artificer's Looking-glass 39 I was put an Apprentice to the ancient and laudable Calling of Pot-Making. 1795 Universal Mag. Mar. 201/2 He may open a work-shop, a counting-house, an office, or any other place of business, and pursue his calling. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 284 A large class of mosstroopers, whose calling was to plunder dwellings and drive away whole herds of cattle. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 203 Navigation, with its many attendant callings. 1948 Middle East Jrnl. 2 407 The callings open to the low-class Iranian are restricted to portering, pearling..and sailing. 1971 W. Reyburn Bust-up (1972) 61 Far better to avoid the tedious performance by just saying he's a meatpacker, a calling guaranteed to arouse no interest whatsoever from anyone newly met. 2008 Daily Tel. 29 Sept. 25/4 Former soldiers, sailors, airmen,..as well as those in civilian callings affected by the war: all have stories to tell. c. concrete. A body of people engaged in a particular profession or trade. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > follower of occupation as profession > members of the same profession qualitya1586 calling1589 profession1610 chip1763 1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 154 It is not well, that the fault of a fewe..should bee taken as a matter, to discredite the whole calling. 1654 H. Hammond Of Fundamentals in Misc. Theol. Wks. (1847) II. 122 A caution..not to impose celibacy on whole callings, and great multitudes of men or women. 1829 Farrier & Naturalist 15 Aug. 241 These actual members of the ‘calling’, as they designate themselves, profess gratitude. 1871 2nd Ann. Rep. Mass. Bureau Statistics of Labor 571 Different feelings came into play when they saw the whole calling helpless in defeat. 1916 Lumber Trade Jrnl. 1 June 18/1 The lumber industry has two or three of its calling as members of that body. 1921 Hotel Monthly Nov. 32 I was impressed by this during the war—how it leveled all of us; how all callings gathered together. 1997 S. Leigh & S. Taylor Livery Companies of City of London (Corporation of London) 14 Comparatively recently other long established callings have also formed livery companies, such as the Master Mariners, Solicitors and Farmers. 10. Reason, need, occasion (to do something). Frequently in negative constructions. Cf. call n. 14. Now Caribbean. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > a duty or moral necessity needOE deedc1400 necessitya1500 office1534 work (also duty) of necessitya1602 incumbency?1608 remorsea1616 incumbence1684 call1704 commitment1837 calling1857 geis1965 1857 Lit. Churchman 17 Oct. 409 A sprightly American air which has no sort of calling to be a hymn-tune. 1975 T. Callender It so Happen 116 I can't say 'bout that, 'cause I never had no calling to go to that man place. 1996 R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage (at cited word) [Guyana] You are a child and you have no calling in other people business nor in other people yard. III. Senses relating to naming. 11. †a. The name given to a person or thing; an appellation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] nameeOE wordeOE clepinga1300 namingc1300 neveningc1300 titlec1390 notea1393 stylec1400 calling?a1425 nomination?a1425 vocable1440 appellation1447 denomination?a1475 vocation1477 preface1582 prenomination1599 nomenclature1610 expressiona1631 denotation1631 appellative1632 compellation1637 denominate1638 nomenclation1638 nominance1642 titularity1643 entitlement1823 compellative1830 cognomen1852 tally1929 denotative1944 anthroponym1952 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) 140^v (MED) It is seid vuula, takyng callyng not of þe substance bot of þe passioun þat falleþ in it like to vue, i. a grape. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 169 ‘Colericus’ by callynge. 1559 Certayne Serm. (new ed.) sig. Cii This our ryght name, callyng, & tytle, earth. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 250 Persons also, had their callings..of some note of the body, as Swanshalse, for the whitenes of her necke. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 222 I am..proud to be Sir Rolands sonne..and would not change that calling . View more context for this quotation b. The action of naming a person or thing; the action of using a particular name to refer to a person or thing.Frequently with of and a name or designation as complement or with of and by (the) name (see call v. 10a). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > [noun] nemningOE namingc1300 denominationc1400 imposition1430 nominationc1450 callingc1475 nominiona1513 christening1528 nuncupation1532 Christendom1570 dedication1576 appellation1583 denominative1589 nomenclaturea1620 cognomination1623 nomenclaturing1803 name-giving1863 nominature1864 c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 44 Who euere wole chalenge my..namyngis of þe ij^e and iij^e membre..lete him assigne to me specyal according names to þo ij membris..and y wole anoon forbere and absteyne me fro þe seid maners of calling. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/2 Callyng, namyng, apellance. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. To Rdr. sig. Aaaiiii The diuersitie that is vsed in callinge of simples. 1668 J. Owen Exercitations Epist. to Hebrews xix. 268 The reason of this name is very uncertain. The calling of it Manna in the New Testament, gives countenance to the derivation of the word from..Manah, to prepare and distribute. 1688 J. Bunyan Advocateship Christ Clearly Explained 165 The very calling of him by this or that Title, or Name belonging to this or that Office of his, giveth us Occasion..to think of him as exercising that Office. 1799 Jrnl. House of Assembly Lower-Canada 98 The situation of the place authorises the calling of it by the name it bears, which is Cape Torment. 1827 Christian Examiner & Theol. Rev. July 362 The calling of persons by name in prayer ought to be carefully avoided. 1886 W. M. Taylor Joseph Prime-minister ii. 29 Envy..has in it something very peculiar, fully justifying the calling of it diabolical. 1989 S. C. Wheeler in R. W. Dasenbrock Redrawing Lines 126 It also makes metaphor, the calling of something by the name of something else, part of every use of language whatsoever. 2002 P. Phillippy Women, Death & Lit. in Post-Reformation Eng. vii. 227 Adam's calling of the woman by name, Hevah,..inaugurates the redemptive march of Christian history. 12. English regional (Yorkshire). A scolding. Cf. call v. 11. ΚΠ 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 24 A Calling, a scolding. ‘A good calling,’ a round of abuse. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. He behaved badly, so I gave him a good calling. 1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness (at cited word) Ah gat sike a callin as Ah nivver had i' my life. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 19/1 Yĕ nivver heerd onybody get sikan a callin in yer leyf. IV. Scottish. Senses relating to driving (cf. call v. IV.). 13. Scottish. The action of driving sheep, cattle, or whales to a particular place; a roundup, a drive. Cf. call v. 27a. Now chiefly Orkney and Shetland. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > droving > rounding up calling?a1425 muster1841 roundup1847 mustering1860 rounding up1876 count-muster1891 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 122 (MED) He had herd speke his owne langage before, & the callynge of oxen at the plowgh [?a1425 Egerton as men drafe bestez]. 1545 MS Rec. Aberdeen in J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (1879) 400/1 The cawyng of wedderis in grit furth of the schyir. c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 356 In..calling of his cattel throuch landis pertening to the defendar. 1976 R. Bulter Shaela 48 Da sheep still clubbit fae an aerlier caa'n Idda face o da hill. 2003 B. Smith in Shetland Sea Mammal Rep. 13 There is evidence here and there that there were local rules about the process of caaing. 2004 I. Mitchell Isles of North vi. 165 After all the effort to get back, the caaing was cancelled due to a lack of dogs. Phrases calling of names: the action of calling someone abusive or insulting names; name-calling. Cf. to call names at call v. Phrases 2d. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun] > by calling names misnaming1641 calling of names1656 name-calling1819 1656 C. Jelinger Christ & his Saints 21 You..spend your time in nothing else but telling of newes or tales, and lies, and calling of names. 1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 251 The Disputants never come to throwing of dirt, or calling of names till they are baffled, and have nothing else to reply. 1704 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. Misc. Wks. 217 There is such calling of Names and giving the Lye. 1723 G. James tr. J. R. de Serviez Lives & Amours of Empresses 303 From hard Words they proceeded to the bitterest Invectives, and from calling of Names to downright Blows. 1797 Scots Mag. Jan. 23/1 That lowest species of all bigotry, the calling of names, and returning evil for evil. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) iv. 40 Such a bandying of words and calling of names. 1889 Manitoba Daily Free Press 16 Oct. 2/2 We have never degenerated to the mere calling of names. 1900 Chautauquan Sept. 554/2 The calling of names is easy and futile. 1953 P. Miller New Eng. Mind II. xiv. 223 A most un-Christian calling of names. 2011 F. Wilson How to survive Titanic 234 There is no tone of vulgar recrimination, no calling of names and bringing up of useless bitterness in this gesture. Compounds C1. a. With following adverb, forming nouns of action corresponding to phrasal verbs at call v., as calling-off, calling-out, calling-up, etc. (see call v. Phrasal verbs 1). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [noun] > taking in > calling in calling1534 incalling1669 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 58 Callynge or clepynge a-ȝene, revocacio. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 58 Callynge or clepynge to-gedyr, convocacio. 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. lx They wold rather be content to put yt whole into the iudges handes, then trouble the countrey wyth callynge vppe of the iuryes. 1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. f. xxiij Y^e calling in of y^e gentils into his chirch. 1586 W. Herbert Let. True Christian Catholike 6 A calling out or euocation of people out of ignorance and error vnto the faith and knowledge of God. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §316 The calling forth of the Spirits of the Body outward. 1649 Bloudy Fight Harford-shire 4 He himself being the Coy, for the calling in and ensnaring of the adverse party. 1714 Earl of Balcarres Acct. Affairs Scotl. 23 All Parties kept within bounds until the calling away of the standing Forces. 1720 D. Defoe Vision of Angelick World 37 in Serious Refl. Infinite Checks, Rebukes, and Callings off by the attendant Spirits, who have Power to correct and restrain him [sc. the Devil]. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. Introd. p. xxiii The parliament of Scotland..had the nomination of the commanders, and the calling out of the armies. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xiv. 285 A calling-out of many of the higher powers. 1877 Design & Work 3 713/3 For calling-up purposes I have a bell in the bedroom of a very drowsy domestic. 1891 Davenport (Iowa) Morning Tribute 28 Nov. Some of the storekeepers in Baltimore will not permit the use of the telephone for secular purposes on Sunday beyond the calling up of a physician. 1918 Act 8 George V c. 5 §4 (2) With a view to preventing..the calling up of himself..for any form of military service. 1921 Birth Control Rev. Aug. 5/1 The calling away of our officers forced us to discontinue this work. 1936 M. Plowman Faith called Pacifism 94 When the calling-up paper comes along again, under the Conscription Act. 1987 A. Morgan J. Ramsay MacDonald v. 122 The Labour Party would have no compunction about the calling off of the general strike and the abandonment of the miners. 1994 Coin News May 44/2 This note is intended only for dealing with the town finance-offices, and loses its validity one month after the public calling-in. b. calling down n. (a) the action of officially lowering the price, value, monetary rate, etc., of something, originally probably by proclamation (now historical); (b) (chiefly North American) a scolding, a dressing-down; cf. to call down 4 at call v. Phrasal verbs 1 (now somewhat rare). ΚΠ 1551 T. Chamberlayne Let. 7 June in J. G. Nichols Lit. Remains Edward VI (1857) II. 321 The calling down of the money..to be the remedy for dearth of things as well within the realm. 1621 T. Culpeper Tract against Usurie 4 There is nothing more auaileable then the calling downe of the high rate of Vsury. 1886 Warren (Pa.) Daily Mirror 30 Mar. Last Thursday H. H. Kennedy came to this office and attempted to give us a calling down on what we wrote in regard to his trouble with the railroad. 1898 Observer 11 Dec. 3 The creditors of Spain..know that there will be a calling down of their revenue. 1930 R. Pertwee Pursuit i. xiii. 63 N.C.O.'s and other ranks were within hearing of the calling-down Frost was receiving. 1957 William & Mary Q. 14 384 This was the period when the Secretary to the Treasury, William Lowndes, was..advocating the calling down of the coin. 1985 N.Y. Times 15 Dec. h14/6 I was terrified of them. If I had a hairpin sticking out of my hair, I got a calling down. calling over n. †(a) the action or an act of reading out a list of names in order to establish who is present; a roll-call (obsolete); (b) an examination or cross-check of accounts, by reading through the entries; cf. to call over 2b at call v. Phrasal verbs 1 (now somewhat rare). ΚΠ 1594 J. Smythe Certen Instr. Militarie 206 Euerie such principall Gentleman Mustermaster should in calling ouer of euery horsman by name in order as they are in his muster roll set downe, make euery one of them..to alight a foot. 1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre i. vii. 169 Many times they are so brittle, that they can hardly endure the calling over, which makes them so skilfull at the yeares end, that they can hardly distinguish a Rancke, from a File. a1690 S. Jeake Charters Cinque Ports (1728) Annot. 92 After the calling over of the House, the Speaker makes a short Speech to declare the Occasion of their Meeting. 1819 Manch. Chron. 25 Oct. The Chairman decided..any objection..might be discussed before the accounts were passed. The calling over of the vouchers then continued. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 110 The master..came down in cap and gown to calling-over. 1869 R. Y. Barnes Universal Syst. Book-keeping p. vii The calling over of the books can be done, either by the book-keeper, or by a professional Accountant. 1908 F. Richards Making of Harry Wharton ix, in Magnet 1 No. 1 They won't search for me yet. I sha'n't be missed till calling-over. 1979 K. Hoyle & G. Whitehead Business Statistics & Accounting made Simple xii. 152 A quick ‘calling over’ of the Ledger Accounts..will discover the error. C2. General attributive. a. With the sense ‘of or relating to calling aloud or summoning’. ΚΠ 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 20 When the Eagle beginneth to growe to lyking, neare cawking or calling time. 1630 D. Forbes tr. P. Nicolai Chronologica Sacra sig. A6^v Anno Christi 70 endeth the calling tyme of the Iewes, when their chiefe Citie, and whole policies were destroyed to the ground. 1745 R. Erskine Happy Hour Christ's Quickening Voice 27 He hath his calling Hour, in which he calls his Sheep, as it were by Name, and calls them effectually. 1879 19th Cent. July 53 He is sure to have got wet through with perspiration on his way to the calling place. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 13 Aug. 2/1 The dreamless sleep of the outdoor worker till calling-time next morning. 1965 Behaviour 26 276 Calling [in frogs] is preceded by the assumption of a calling posture. 2007 S. Hickoff Fall & Winter Turkey Hunter's Handbk. vi. 51 Some hunters call these ‘idiot boxes’, an unfair assertion, as these calling tools require a certain finesse to use effectively. b. With the sense ‘of or relating to the paying of visits or calls’. Cf. call v. V.See also calling card n. 1a. ΚΠ 1791 F. Burney Jrnl. Dec. (1972) I. 103 I had calling visits from Lady Herries, M^lle Jacobi, & Miss Ariana Egerton—but I can never admit occasional comers. 1814 T. Creevey Let. 14 June (1963) 109 I called on her this morning, and saw some very different names in her calling book from what I had ever seen before. 1871 H. B. Stowe My Wife & I xxiv. 222 She was all plumed and rustling in flowers and laces, and had on her calling manners. 1888 R. Kipling Beyond Pale in Plain Tales from Hills 150 Trejago..put on his calling-clothes and called on the ladies of the Station. 1919 ‘A. Pryde’ Marqueray's Duel (1920) 95 Her brother Selwyn,..dressed in very elegant calling clothes and an incredibly dirty painter's blouse. 1979 Princeton Alumni Weekly 15 Jan. 23/2 We hope Sid and Ginnie will continue the calling tradition come June. 2003 F. Noël Family Life & Sociability Upper & Lower Canada 1780–1870 x. 211 Although the elite followed formal rules of calling etiquette, less formal visits between kin also took place. c. Designating a place stopped at during a journey or as part of a scheduled route. ΚΠ 1800 Holden's Ann. List Coaches from London 380 (heading) Calling houses. 1848 S. Bamford Early Days (1859) xii. 118 Another calling house was Schofield's. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 6/2 There will be four calling stations. 1908 Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 4/6 His seeing the Union Jack at every calling-port. 1932 H. Pidgeon Around World Single-handed 144 I had no information other than the latitude and longitude of Rodriguez Island, my next calling place. 2003 J. Dennis Living Great Lakes (2004) iv. 45 On their sterns were painted their names and calling ports. d. With the sense ‘of or relating to the making of telephone calls.’ ΚΠ 1881 U.S. Patent 240,853 2/2 In telephone toll systems, the combination..of an electrical-signal generator, a locked calling-switch, and an unlocked switch. 1921 W. Aitken Automatic Telephone Syst. I. 185 The calling receiver may be replaced just before the register is connected and cause a premature release. 1965 Fergus Falls (Minnesota) Daily Jrnl. 23 Dec. 3/6 (advt.) Lowest interstate calling rates in history are in effect after 8 every evening. 1984 PR Newswire (Nexis) 20 June Roaming allows a cellular customer to obtain service outside of his home calling area. 2002 Financial Times 17 July (Telecoms Suppl.) p. vi Family calling plans, offering 600 or so shared minutes a month, consolidated billing and sometimes with free phones thrown in, are proving increasingly popular. 2014 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 June 16/3 The court could order phone companies to produce calling records of all numbers that communicated with the suspect number. C3. calling bell n. Indian English a doorbell. ΚΠ 1971 Times of India 5 Sept. (Times Weekly section) 11/1 The calling bell rang and I opened the door. 1991 Hindu (Madras) 6 Dec. 1/1 Two youngsters clad in pant, shirt and sweater, rang the calling bell asking to meet Hayagrivachari. 2006 T. J. Rao in R. Rao That Man on Road xviii. 216 After I had pressed the calling bell four or five times, Bangarraju opened the door. calling hours n. (a) the times during which a person is available to receive visitors (now historical); (b) U.S. the times during which mourners may view the body of the deceased before a funeral. ΚΠ 1835 G. Webster Edinb. Literary Album 147 The day was wearing on past calling hours. 1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford 4 From 12 to 3 are our Calling-hours. 1917 A. H. Morton One's Self & Others v. 97 Calling hours for men are from five to six-thirty, and from eight to nine in the evening. Fifteen minutes is the fair limit of time for a formal call. 1934 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 21 July 8/1 Interment in Wiltwyck Cemetery. Calling hours Saturday afternoon 2 to 5 and evening 7 to 9 o'clock. 1999 Washington Hist. 11 50/1 The paper also regularly published notices of social events and hostesses' calling hours. 2012 Herald Bull. (Anderson, Indiana) 3 July a4 A private graveside service..will be held at Grove Lawn Cemetery in Pendleton. There will be no calling hours. calling list n. (a) Law (in Scotland) a list of cases recently raised in the Court of Session, published periodically as notification of the bringing of an action; (b) (originally U.S.) a list of people on whom one intends to pay calls, or from whom one should expect calls; a visiting list (now historical). ΚΠ 1826 T. Beveridge Pract. Treat. Forms of Process I. iii. ii. 246 In regard to the calling lists..the entries..need not be so very full..; their object being merely to make the agents for parties aware that the process has been called in Court, and is to be proceeded in. 1852 ‘H. Trusta’ Peep at ‘Number Five’ xiv. 118 Although, as the days slipped by, many names were struck from the ‘calling-list’, it still remained formidable. 1900 Wellesley Mag. 12 May 444 On the afternoon of her ‘at home’, when two of her calling-list had punctually plodded their way up to long drive leading to the house. 1960 Times 8 Jan. 14 Yesterday's calling list included the following: ‘The most noble Margaret, Duchess of Argyll..against the most noble Ian Douglas, Duke of Argyll.’ 2005 B. Cleverly Bee's Kiss (2006) xxi. 218 It's quite bad enough having a little brother who's a CID officer but if he also invades my neighbours' houses when they're known to be away from home—well!—my calling list will drop off pretty sharply! 2012 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 7 Dec. hs5 A case involving Mr Morris against Ms Magnanti appeared in the Calling List of the Court of Session in Edinburgh this week. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). callingadj. Brit. /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɔlɪŋ/, /ˈkɑlɪŋ/ Forms: see call v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: call v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < call v. + -ing suffix². That calls (in various senses). ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > summoning citatory1465 callingc1475 citatorial1529 summoning1628 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [adjective] > calling callingc1475 society > leisure > social event > visit > visiting > [adjective] visitinga1616 visitatinga1625 visitant1653 calling1846 c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Ballade Ale-seller (Rawl.) l. 8 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 430 (MED) Your callyng look, the sholdres ofte thwertyng, Your brestis bare..be moste for to..call men to your lur. 1560 T. H. in tr. Ovid Fable Narcissus Argt. sig. A.ii Ecco the callynge Impe, frome whome Iuno had berefte the ryght vse of speche. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie sig. B^v The eares are busied eke to heare, the calling Spanels quest. 1637 J. Milton Comus 8 Calling shapes, and beckning shadows dire. 1665 G. Swinnock Christian-mans Calling: 3rd Pt. iv. 297 Ionah sinned after such a miraculous salvation, and that against chusing, calling, pardoning, saving love, which Eli's sons did not. 1786 H. Headley Poems & Other Pieces 20 Hark, hark, methinks a calling voice I hear! 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) x. 91 Joey B., Sir, is not in general a calling man. 1877 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 604 ‘Lesbia hath a calling eye,’ sang Mr Poser. 1902 C. Binkley Sonnets & Songs for House of Days 81 Thus might a God transfix and turn to stone The calling priest and fleeing populace. 1937 Amer. Midland Naturalist 18 283 A calling male clutches any toad which happens to touch him. 1992 Buffalo News 23 Aug. h3/2 Thousands upon thousands of swooping and calling birds. 1999 S. Waters Affinity (2002) 38 A matron can hear a calling woman, wherever she is upon the ward. Compounds calling crab n. a fiddler crab (genus Uca), whose males have one claw much larger than the other, and wave it in courtship displays and in aggression. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > member of Ocypodidae (fiddler-crab and sand crab) fiddler1714 calling crab1832 lady crab1844 sand crab1844 sand fiddler1852 fighting crab1868 1832 Synopsis Contents Brit. Mus. (ed. 26) 42 These Crustacea have also a singular habit of holding up the large claw..as if they were beckoning to some one at a distance, whence they have acquired the name of Calling Crabs (Cancer vocans, Linn.). 1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea vii. 89 By the movement of its claws it seems to be appealing to the waves to come back again... The trivial name, the calling crab, refer to the like action. 2008 P. Hook Concise Guide to Seashore 89 There are about 97 species of fiddler crabs, which are sometimes called calling crabs. calling hare n. [in allusion to their loud, high-pitched alarm calls] a pika (genus Ochotona). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > ochotona princeps (pika) > ochotona roylei (large-eared pika) calling hare1780 rat-hare1831 mountain hare1848 mouse hare1891 1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular VIII. Index 263 Hare..Calling. 1909 E. T. Seton Life-hist. Northern Animals I. xviii. 486 The sound was like that of a Calling-hare. 2011 M. Cavendish North Amer. Wildlife 165/1 Pikas..are known by a variety of names, including mouse-hares, rock rabbits, rock conies, calling hares, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1300adj.c1475
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callingn.

Phrases

Compounds

callingadj.

Compounds