affinationn.

Brit.

/ˌafᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌæfəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: affine v., -ation suffix.

Etymology: < affine v. + -ation suffix. Compare German Affination action or process of refining (in various senses, but chiefly with reference to metals) (beginning of the 19th cent.). With sense 1 compare earlier affinage n. 1.

1. Metallurgy. The process of refining (precious) metal, esp. by treatment with hot concentrated sulphuric acid.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > refining > methods of

calcinationc1386

calciningc1386

liquation1471

fulmination1617

cupelling1644

decrepitating1662

decrepitation1669

fulguration1676

concentration1689

cupellationa1691

scorification1755

affination1851

thermite process1905

zone melting1952

zone refining1952

zone levelling1953

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1356/2 Double-acting air-pump, with single cylinder. Scales for chemical analysis; for precious metals; and for affination.

1956 J. S. Anderson tr. H. Remy Treat. Inorg. Chem. II. 394 The term affination is applied to the purification of silver by treatment with hot concentrated sulfuric acid.

1997 H. Renner in F. Habashi Handbk. Extractive Metall. III. xxiii. 1197/2 Hot concentrated sulfuric acid can be used (affination).

2004 Ukraine Business Weekly (Nexis) 26 Oct. Ukrainian enterprises are not certified according to international standards of precious metal affination used by the London Association of Precious Metals Market.

2. The initial process in the refining of sugar whereby raw sugar crystals are treated with a warm syrup to remove the thin layer of molasses. Frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1893 Sugar Cane 1 Sept. 474 It is capable of producing the white article direct from raw sugars, especially such as are unsuitable for preliminary refining (so-called affination) without the use of bone-black.

1941 J. G. Glover & W. B. Cornell Developm. Amer. Industries xiv. 303 The first step in the refining process, called ‘affination’, is a washing process which separates the mother liquor surrounding the crystals of raw sugar.

1962 Managem. Technol. 2 119 The quantity of affination green syrup spun off from the raw sugar crystals.

1995 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 7 Feb. 47 CSR will expand its Plane Creek mill by constructing a $15 million continuous affination plant to produce white raw sugar.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affination
释义	affinationn. Brit. /ˌafᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌæfəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: affine v., -ation suffix. Etymology: < affine v. + -ation suffix. Compare German Affination action or process of refining (in various senses, but chiefly with reference to metals) (beginning of the 19th cent.). With sense 1 compare earlier affinage n. 1. 1. Metallurgy. The process of refining (precious) metal, esp. by treatment with hot concentrated sulphuric acid. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > refining > methods of calcinationc1386 calciningc1386 liquation1471 fulmination1617 cupelling1644 decrepitating1662 decrepitation1669 fulguration1676 concentration1689 cupellationa1691 scorification1755 affination1851 thermite process1905 zone melting1952 zone refining1952 zone levelling1953 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1356/2 Double-acting air-pump, with single cylinder. Scales for chemical analysis; for precious metals; and for affination. 1956 J. S. Anderson tr. H. Remy Treat. Inorg. Chem. II. 394 The term affination is applied to the purification of silver by treatment with hot concentrated sulfuric acid. 1997 H. Renner in F. Habashi Handbk. Extractive Metall. III. xxiii. 1197/2 Hot concentrated sulfuric acid can be used (affination). 2004 Ukraine Business Weekly (Nexis) 26 Oct. Ukrainian enterprises are not certified according to international standards of precious metal affination used by the London Association of Precious Metals Market. 2. The initial process in the refining of sugar whereby raw sugar crystals are treated with a warm syrup to remove the thin layer of molasses. Frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1893 Sugar Cane 1 Sept. 474 It is capable of producing the white article direct from raw sugars, especially such as are unsuitable for preliminary refining (so-called affination) without the use of bone-black. 1941 J. G. Glover & W. B. Cornell Developm. Amer. Industries xiv. 303 The first step in the refining process, called ‘affination’, is a washing process which separates the mother liquor surrounding the crystals of raw sugar. 1962 Managem. Technol. 2 119 The quantity of affination green syrup spun off from the raw sugar crystals. 1995 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 7 Feb. 47 CSR will expand its Plane Creek mill by constructing a $15 million continuous affination plant to produce white raw sugar. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1851
随便看	steam-packet steam-pan steam-pipe steam-plough steam-ploughing steam-pocket steam-pocketing steam-port steam-pot steam-pump steam-raiser steam-raising steam-ram steam-ridden steam-road steam-room steam-set steam-shovelful steam-space steam-stack steam-table steam-tank steam-tent steam-thresher steam-threshing