incidencein‧ci‧dence /ˈɪnsɪdəns/ AWL noun [countable usually singular] formal 
Why did the incidence of heroin use continue to climb?high/low etc incidence Smokers had the highest incidence of colds.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- a neighborhood with a high incidence of drug and alcohol abuse
- Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this district.
- Since the early 1970s the incidence of breast cancer has increased by about 1% per year.
- There is a higher incidence of suicide among women than men.
- From the mid 1880s there was a marked increase in the incidence of strikes.
- Furthermore, in comparison with men the incidence of pancreatitis discharges in women did not increase between 1970 and 1989.
- In this respect the incidence of neurosis seems inversely proportional to social disorder.
- Special preconceptual care designed to reduce the incidence of congenital malformation is also examined from this point of view.
- The reported incidence of this crime rose 28. 6 percent between 1974 and 1983, more than any other major offense.
- The true incidence of this varies and is greatly influenced by the experience and skill of the surgical team.
- Why then is the rate of circumcision up to six times greater than the incidence of preputial pathology?
Longman Language Activatorthe amount of something bad such as crime, poverty etc
use this when you are talking generally about how often something bad happens: amount of: · There is growing alarm at the amount of violence on the streets of our city.· The amount of car crime seems to be on the increase.
use this to talk about the exact amount of a particular problem at one time, even though this amount may go up or down at other times: · Pollution levels in some rivers are already dangerous.the level of something: · the rising level of crime in the inner cities
use this to talk about the number of times something happens within a certain period of time, especially when talking about crime, social problems etc: the crime/divorce/suicide/murder etc rate: · Nassau now has the third highest crime rate in the world.· There is a 40% unemployment rate in the region.
use this to talk about how large and how serious a problem is: the extent of something: · Government inspectors will assess the extent of the damage.· Considering the extent of his injuries, he's lucky to be alive.to such an extent (=to such a large degree): · Discontent had grown to such an extent that the government had to withdraw the new tax.to what extent: · To what extent were politicians responsible for the high unemployment which Britain experienced between the wars?
formal use this to talk about the number of times something bad happens, for example how many people have a particular illness, or how many crimes or accidents there are: the incidence of something: · Since the early 1970s the incidence of breast cancer has increased by about 1% per year.high/low incidence: · Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this district.· a neighborhood with a high incidence of drug and alcohol abuse
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Smokers had the highest incidence of colds.COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
the number of times something happens, especially crime, disease etcincidence of Smokers had the highest incidence of colds.· An annual incidence rate of 2.4/100 000 at risk population was reported for presenile probable Alzheimer's disease in another national study.· The annual incidence of infection in New York peaked from 1982 through 1984.· This study also produced annual age specific incidence estimates.
· A class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk.· Since the time to clinical progression was known, we used Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimate cumulative incidence.· Neglia and colleagues2based their estimates of cumulative risks on Kaplan-Meier statistics, which commonly overestimates the true cumulative incidence.
· The greater incidence of digestion on maxillary incisors can be attributed to the greater breakage of the maxillae.· Why then is the rate of circumcision up to six times greater than the incidence of preputial pathology?· The greater the degree of economic development, the greater the incidence of cancer of the colon.
· The areas of highest incidence are shown in Figure 1.· Moreover, the high number of births in a family is offset by the high incidence of infant mortality.· There is a higher incidence of clients refusing services.· All these conditions make for a higher incidence of illness among working-class than middle-class babies.· Statistical evaluation of these data indicate a significantly higher incidence of pseudomelanosis coli in patients with tumours of the large bowel.· Thus, an illness that tends to require frequent short spells in hospital will appear to have a high incidence.· Worst of all was the high incidence of epidemics, chronic sickness, and malnutrition.
· This study shows that prostatic disease explains only part of the increased male incidence.· It is true that with increased years the incidence of multiple pathology increases.· The strongly increased incidence among drug users who seroconverted is probably due to the temporary immunological depression associated with seroconversion.· Porta caval shunt operations have not found favour in recent years because of the increased incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy.· This increased incidence of gastric carcinomas seems to be related to local factors.· In recent years there has in fact been an increased incidence of heart disease in women in their thirties and forties.· In fact, it could easily be thought that increased alcohol consumption could result just in the increased incidence of recurrent pancreatitis.
· The increasing incidence of separation and divorce makes this a growing difficulty - and a difficulty which sadly has no solution.
· The second major observation is that mixed description types result in a low incidence of plural continuations.· Phenytoin has the advantage of being cheaper and having a lower incidence of serious hematologic side effects than carbamazepine.· Because of the low incidence of the disorder such services can never be comprehensively and efficiently provided at district level.· The low incidence of early ventricular fibrillation is probably due to a more gradual opening of the vessel than was once thought.· Overall, there seems to be a lower incidence of symptoms after percutaneous cholecystolithotomy than cholecystectomy.· Bergsjo etal suggested 43 weeks' gestation as induction at this time has a lower incidence of failure.· Many of the studies showing a low incidence of electrocardiographic abnormalities included cardiac monitoring only during the endoscopy procedure itself.· Medical researchers have found a low incidence of coronary heart disease in Toulouse, the capital of foie gras.
· In the conservative group the overall incidence of stenosis will be very similar to that of the invasive group.· First consider the overall incidence of plural references.
· The Board decided to sponsor a research project by Mellanby to ascertain the true incidence, given the controversy that was developing.· Scientists were further hampered by the fact that no one knew the true incidence of polio, because most cases were inapparent.· Neglia and colleagues2based their estimates of cumulative risks on Kaplan-Meier statistics, which commonly overestimates the true cumulative incidence.· The true incidence of this varies and is greatly influenced by the experience and skill of the surgical team.· Nevertheless the true incidence curve probably lies somewhere between that of the two studies.· Therefore, our data can not show the true incidence.· Adjust the second row of the table to reflect a true incidence of child abuse of 20 in every 10,000.
NOUN· A cohort study of gastric cancer incidence among cimetidine users previously published is extended with additional three years of observation.· Estimates of ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence to examine the Vienna Convention achievements.· Possible fluctuations of cancer incidence due to sources of radiation are swamped statistically by the numerous other causes.
· Bonnevie reported that the incidence rate of duodenal ulcer was four times higher than that of gastric ulcer in Copenhagen County.· Confidence intervals for incidence rates were assessed by reference to the Poisson distribution.· These expected numbers were used to weight the observed incidence rates.· For there are fewer people working in agriculture and this is pushing the incidence rate back up.· For adverse events, incidence rates were calculated and expressed in 100 person-time at risk.· An annual incidence rate of 2.4/100 000 at risk population was reported for presenile probable Alzheimer's disease in another national study.· The fatality incidence rates per 100,000 stands at 11.5 compared with 4.2 for self-employed construction workers.
VERB· A class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk.· Firstly, unless and until definitions are agreed, we may be attempting to compare the incidence of different phenomena.· The McNemar test was used to compare the incidence of failed peristalsis in patients before and after healing of oesophagitis.
· Scores of theories have been presented to explain the incidence of homosexuality.
· The build-up of recessive genes increases the incidence of genetically determined diseases, such as sickle-cell anaemia in humans.· However, progress in treating cancer has not been great enough to lower the death rate in the face of increased incidence.· Widespread deforestation to make way for ski slopes has eroded topsoil, increasing the incidence of avalanches.· Critics say that could lead to vitamin deficiencies or possible long-term effects on health such as increased incidence of cancer.· A certain chemical increases the incidence of cancer in some strains, but decreases it in others.· A definition which fails to confront abuse fails to bring about effective interventions and risks increasing the incidence of abuse.
· However, careful use of criteria for surgery could increase the value and reduce the incidence of dilatation and curettage.· Special preconceptual care designed to reduce the incidence of congenital malformation is also examined from this point of view.· In areas of low transmission, use of the artemisinin derivatives may have the added benefit of reducing the incidence of malaria.· This has been shown to reduce significantly the incidence of certain malformations in infants.· There will also be targets aimed at reducing the incidence of strokes, heart disease and preventable cancers.· When combined with other components, exercise can help reduce the incidence of insomnia.· Supplemental oxygen increases oxygen saturation but does not reduce the incidence of clinically important cardiac arrhythmias.· Other measures intended to reduce the incidence of sickling crises are more controversial, and treatment centres vary in their policies.
· Bonnevie reported that the incidence rate of duodenal ulcer was four times higher than that of gastric ulcer in Copenhagen County.· The reported incidence of this crime rose 28. 6 percent between 1974 and 1983, more than any other major offense.· A Johns Hopkins University study reported that the incidence of depression among lawyers is 3. 6 times the national average.
· However, historical reviews of business failure rates show that the incidence of new product failure is very high and costly.· Recent reports, however, show that the incidence may decrease to 0.3-0.5% as experience increases.· Young people are unlikely to be affected by statistics showing the high incidence of disease and early death among smokers.· More recent population based studies from the Copenhagen area in the early and late 1970s showed 7-10/100000 incidence of chronic pancreatitis.· The figures show the incidence of the disease is continuing to rise among those who have not been vaccinated.· Therefore, our data can not show the true incidence.· Many of the studies showing a low incidence of electrocardiographic abnormalities included cardiac monitoring only during the endoscopy procedure itself.· The table shows the incidence of various diseases in 1987 and 1991.
Why did the incidence of heroin use continue to climb?high/low etc incidence Smokers had the highest incidence of colds.