英语词汇“renal”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINrenal

Origin:

1600-1700 French rénal, from Latin renes ‘kidneys’

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

He had diabetes and renal failure.
If renal function is adequate, diuresis should be instituted after volume replacement, to induce urinary calcium losses.
In contradistinction to concentrating ability, diluting ability is fairly well-preserved in renal failure.
In the case of proteinuria and haematuria these may include urography or morphological studies of urinary red cells, together with renal biopsy.
Many undiagnosed patients with prostatic obstruction were referred to the renal unit.
Pamidronate binds to bone and reduces resorption, but has no effect on the renal tubule.
The hypocalcemia is associated with hyperphosphatemia in the absence of bone or renal disease.
These tests have been shown to be reliable in detecting H pylori infection in patients with and without renal failure.

WORD SETS► Biology

aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► disease

· Detailed pathological studies to detect subclinical renal disease have not been undertaken.· The hypocalcemia is associated with hyperphosphatemia in the absence of bone or renal disease.· For example, thyroid and renal disease, alcohol abuse and chronic pancreatitis may be identified.· It is also seen in some cases of renal disease especially where tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis exists.· In massive dose, however, 4-ASA may cause haematuria and reduce creatinine clearance, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal disease.· In most patients the hypocalcemia is the result of renal disease or vitamin D deficiency.· The hypocalcemia resulting from renal disease is more complex.· If hypercalcemia develops in mild renal failure, one must search for causes of hypercalcemia other than renal disease.

► failure

· This is seen commonly in acute renal failure, and less commonly in chronic renal failure.· Clinical presentation has been with acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or renal failure.· This is seen commonly in acute renal failure, and less commonly in chronic renal failure.· This definition would not identify severe renal failure in children.· Our study also underestimates the incidence of acute renal failure in one other way.· Finally, as discussed previously, phosphate should almost never be given to patients with renal failure.

► function

· Studies of the effect of mesalazine on renal function are relatively few.· In this instance, with intact parathyroid and renal function, replacement therapy with vitamin D2 is the therapy of choice.· Furthermore, no correlations were found between measures of renal function and either cumulative mesalazine dose or mesalazine treatment duration.· In addition, sustained normalization of uric acid levels does not produce improvement in renal function.· Biochemical analysis including standard liver and renal function tests, as performed daily until death or recovery.· Because parathyroid and renal function are normal, therapy with vitamin D is indicated.· Furthermore, a number of maintenance studies have shown no significant change in renal function on standard biochemical screening.· If renal function is adequate, diuresis should be instituted after volume replacement, to induce urinary calcium losses.

► impairment

· In particular, the frequency of the dose should be reduced in patients with renal impairment, including elderly people.

► insufficiency

· One patient with active disease underwent colectomy 2 months later and developed renal insufficiency because of amyloid deposits 6 months later.· These patients typically have mild renal insufficiency and diminished urate excretion due to renal tubular damage.· Reported contraindications include renal insufficiency, chronic haemodialysis, some forms of iron overload, and previous oxalate stone formation.· Patients with severe renal insufficiency, or those not responding promptly to the above measures, should receive dialysis.· During therapy for magnesium depletion, the physician should frequently check the serum magnesium level, especially in patients with renal insufficiency.

► unit

· Many undiagnosed patients with prostatic obstruction were referred to the renal unit.· Fresenius' renal unit manufactures dialysis equipment.· Any renal unit serving a district with cardiac surgery facilities would have significantly more patients developing acute postoperative renal failure.· The study also confirms that referral rates are lower in areas where there is no local renal unit nearby.

单词	renal
释义	renalre‧nal /ˈriːnl/ adjective [only before noun] Word Origin WORD ORIGINrenal Origin: 1600-1700 French rénal, from Latin renes ‘kidneys’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS He had diabetes and renal failure. If renal function is adequate, diuresis should be instituted after volume replacement, to induce urinary calcium losses. In contradistinction to concentrating ability, diluting ability is fairly well-preserved in renal failure. In the case of proteinuria and haematuria these may include urography or morphological studies of urinary red cells, together with renal biopsy. Many undiagnosed patients with prostatic obstruction were referred to the renal unit. Pamidronate binds to bone and reduces resorption, but has no effect on the renal tubule. The hypocalcemia is associated with hyperphosphatemia in the absence of bone or renal disease. These tests have been shown to be reliable in detecting H pylori infection in patients with and without renal failure. word sets WORD SETS► Biology aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► disease · Detailed pathological studies to detect subclinical renal disease have not been undertaken.· The hypocalcemia is associated with hyperphosphatemia in the absence of bone or renal disease.· For example, thyroid and renal disease, alcohol abuse and chronic pancreatitis may be identified.· It is also seen in some cases of renal disease especially where tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis exists.· In massive dose, however, 4-ASA may cause haematuria and reduce creatinine clearance, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal disease.· In most patients the hypocalcemia is the result of renal disease or vitamin D deficiency.· The hypocalcemia resulting from renal disease is more complex.· If hypercalcemia develops in mild renal failure, one must search for causes of hypercalcemia other than renal disease. ► failure · This is seen commonly in acute renal failure, and less commonly in chronic renal failure.· Clinical presentation has been with acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or renal failure.· This is seen commonly in acute renal failure, and less commonly in chronic renal failure.· This definition would not identify severe renal failure in children.· Our study also underestimates the incidence of acute renal failure in one other way.· Finally, as discussed previously, phosphate should almost never be given to patients with renal failure. ► function · Studies of the effect of mesalazine on renal function are relatively few.· In this instance, with intact parathyroid and renal function, replacement therapy with vitamin D2 is the therapy of choice.· Furthermore, no correlations were found between measures of renal function and either cumulative mesalazine dose or mesalazine treatment duration.· In addition, sustained normalization of uric acid levels does not produce improvement in renal function.· Biochemical analysis including standard liver and renal function tests, as performed daily until death or recovery.· Because parathyroid and renal function are normal, therapy with vitamin D is indicated.· Furthermore, a number of maintenance studies have shown no significant change in renal function on standard biochemical screening.· If renal function is adequate, diuresis should be instituted after volume replacement, to induce urinary calcium losses. ► impairment · In particular, the frequency of the dose should be reduced in patients with renal impairment, including elderly people. ► insufficiency · One patient with active disease underwent colectomy 2 months later and developed renal insufficiency because of amyloid deposits 6 months later.· These patients typically have mild renal insufficiency and diminished urate excretion due to renal tubular damage.· Reported contraindications include renal insufficiency, chronic haemodialysis, some forms of iron overload, and previous oxalate stone formation.· Patients with severe renal insufficiency, or those not responding promptly to the above measures, should receive dialysis.· During therapy for magnesium depletion, the physician should frequently check the serum magnesium level, especially in patients with renal insufficiency. ► unit · Many undiagnosed patients with prostatic obstruction were referred to the renal unit.· Fresenius' renal unit manufactures dialysis equipment.· Any renal unit serving a district with cardiac surgery facilities would have significantly more patients developing acute postoperative renal failure.· The study also confirms that referral rates are lower in areas where there is no local renal unit nearby. technical relating to the kidneys: acute renal failure
随便看	iron-grey ironic ironically ironing ironing board Iron Lady iron lung ironmonger ironmongery iron rations ironware ironwork irony Iroquois irradiate irradiation irrational irrationality irrationally irreconcilable irrecoverable irredeemable irredeemably irreducible irreducibly