oxygenox‧y‧gen /ˈɒksɪdʒən $ ˈɑːk-/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] 
Word Origin
Word OriginWORD ORIGINoxygen
ExamplesOrigin:
1700-1800 French oxygène, from Greek oxys ‘sharp, acid’ + French -gène ‘forming’; because it was believed that oxygen forms part of all acidsEXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
word sets- Besides discussing ducks, the report also will look at reducing erosion, increasing oxygen levels and improving fishing.
- In a similar way, sheets of octahedra are formed from aluminium, oxygen and hydroxyl groups.
- Is your oxygen supply at risk?
- Like yeast, the cells in our bodies usually burn glucose with oxygen because it releases so much energy.
- Soon she was barely able to walk and she had oxygen cylinders fitted in her bedroom.
- The relief of pain by oxygen inhalations, which reduce cerebral blood flow, also suggests that this is a factor.
- This increases your heart rate and encourages more oxygen into the body as you breathe more quickly.
- Tired, tired, lungs aching for oxygen.
WORD SETS► Elements
Collocationsaluminium, nounargon, nounarsenic, nounbarium, nounbase metal, nounbismuth, nouncadmium, nouncaesium, nouncalcium, nouncarbon, nounchlorine, nounchromium, nouncobalt, nouncopper, nounferrous, adjectivegold, noungold, adjectivegolden, adjectivehalogen, nounhydro-, prefixhydrogen, nouniodine, nouniridium, nouniron, nounisotope, nounkrypton, nounlead, nounlithium, nounmagnesium, nounmanganese, nounmercury, nounmolybdenum, nounnickel, nounnitrogen, nounoxygen, nounphosphorus, nounplatinum, nounplutonium, nounpotassium, nounprecious metal, nounradium, nounradon, nounselenium, nounsilicon, nounsilver, nounsilver, adjectivesodium, nounstrontium, nountin, nountin, adjectivetitanium, nountrace element, nountungsten, nounuranium, nounxenon, nounzinc, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► arterial
a gas that has no colour or smell, is present in air, and is necessary for most animals and plants to live. It is a chemical element: symbol O· Nineteen of the children who died were hypoxaemic on admission with arterial oxygen saturations ranging from 88% to 40%.· Among children who survived for at least five days arterial oxygen saturation on admission ranged from 41% to 98%.· The arterial oxygen saturation and pulse rate of all patients were monitored by pulse oximetry before and during the procedure.· Comparison of mean arterial oxygen saturation between the groups showed significantly higher levels in the nasal oxygen group throughout the procedure.· Directly measured tissue oxygen tension and arterial oxygen tension assess tissue perfusion.
► atmospheric· Animals and human volunteers will be maintained at various atmospheric pressures and oxygen concentrations while their biochemistry is monitored.· Some 1800 million years ago atmospheric oxygen was fast approaching the present level of about 21 percent of the total.· Carbon atoms can form bonds not only with themselves but with the atoms of important atmospheric gases, oxygen and nitrogen.
► dissolved· While you do this, monitor the water for ammonia, nitrite and dissolved oxygen.· Was dissolved oxygen in the water greater than 80 percent of saturation?· Of the three dissolved oxygen is the most important factor, but we can ignore none.· But in doing so, they burn the water's dissolved oxygen.
► extra· Kelsey spent five weeks on a ventilator and still needed extra oxygen until last week.· However, there is no source of extra oxygen to expend as rocket propellant.· I have heard it said that when bream break surface it is simply to obtain the extra oxygen available there.· But the extra oxygen he needed affected his eyes, leaving him nearly blind.· Let your arms swing with you and feel the energy coming from the extra oxygen you are breathing.· Therefore, as a reasonable approximation, you can neglect the extra oxygen that plants consume at night.
► free· For instance, there almost certainly was no free oxygen in the atmosphere.· The ones of interest here are a highly reactive chemical species called free oxygen radicals.· There would be no free oxygen in the atmosphere even today were it not for photosynthesis.· So could malaria parasites be destroyed by assaulting them with free oxygen radicals?
► high· For that, you must do night jumps at altitudes so high oxygen is required.· But the converted believe High Pressure oxygen stops the process.· This nematode haemoglobin is chemically similar to myoglobin and has the highest affinity for oxygen of any known animal haemoglobin.
► liquid· Boiling the liquid oxygen was as good a way of getting it out of the tank.· The engines of the Atlas burned a modified aviation fuel, similar to kerosene, with liquid oxygen.· The two prototype pumps, installed in the eastern Paris suburbs of Colombes and Rueil-Malmaison, use liquid oxygen.· Zubrin proposes burning methane with liquid oxygen for the return trip to Earth.· By doing without liquid oxygen at take-off, the plane's total weight would be cut almost in half.· In that case, we would think first of burning hydrocarbons with liquid oxygen, or even using the hydrogen-oxygen propellant combination.· Driving these cells were the contents of two liquid oxygen tanks and two liquid hydrogen tanks.· This removes half of the cryogenics problem but leaves us with liquid oxygen.
► low· Symptoms of ammonia poisoning are similar to those of low oxygen, although the fish objects.· So at low temperatures, oxygen is absorbed more strongly by most species' haemoglobin, and released less easily.· This enables them to survive in very polluted waters with low levels of oxygen.· Most obviously, low levels of oxygen asphyxiate fish.· It can also be brought on by incorrect or over-feeding, low oxygen levels or sudden temperature changes.· It can also produce problems in hot weather, when your water is capable of holding only low amounts of oxygen.· High temperatures can result in more problems for Orfe due to low oxygen levels.· The lowest oxygen saturation recorded throughout the study was 86%.
► pure· He has spent four one-hour sessions in the hyperbaric therapy unit - a pressurised cabin into which pure oxygen is fed.· The blessed torrent of cool, pure oxygen poured into his lungs.· In a cabin soaked in pure oxygen at greater than atmospheric pressure for five hours, almost anything bums.· The oxygen ion passes through the membrane and emerges on the other side as pure oxygen gas.· There they breathe in pure oxygen at high pressure.· A pure oxygen atmosphere was used with a pressure of 35 in flight5.· After 20 sessions, 70 percent of those breathing pure oxygen tired less easily and became more mobile and co-ordinated.· The only by-product is pure oxygen.
► reactive· Chemiluminescence is a reliable means of estimating reactive oxygen species in biological media.· Increased reactive oxygen species values in the inflamed colonic mucosa in rats were seen by chemiluminescence.· An outline of reactive oxygen metabolite chemistry in biological tissues is given in the Figure.· These three reactive oxygen species are believed to be responsible for tissue injury.· Chemiluminescence is a simple, sensitive, and reproducible technique that can be used to estimate reactive oxygen species in biological media.· Using chemiluminescence produced by cells and extracts, several investigators have showed the role of reactive oxygen species in different disorders.· In contrast, reports on the use of this technique for tissue reactive oxygen species are very limited.· One potential source for the increased values of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory bowel disease is the neutrophil.
► supplemental· We therefore can not comment on the use of supplemental oxygen in these patients.· The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental oxygen both during and after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
NOUN► atom· Thus, in our example, no magnesium, carbon or oxygen atoms can be created or destroyed.· In this group of ions the carbon atom is surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a planar triangle.· The clays consist of silica tetrahedra and the octahedra contain magnesia surrounded by oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups.· Is there a molecule that weighs the same as an oxygen atom?
► consumption· It was known that stimulation caused the heart to increase its oxygen consumption.· In this way heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen consumption, and muscle tension all reduce without conscious effort.· Exercise capacity and oxygen consumption are reduced, and the response to physical activity is impaired.· This, in addition to the continuing oxygen consumption of the fish, bacteria and other pond inhabitants can quickly cause oxygen depletion.
► cylinder· Cursing herself, she snaked a hand back inside for an oxygen cylinder.· Soon she was barely able to walk and she had oxygen cylinders fitted in her bedroom.· There were two explosions involving an oxygen cylinder, injuring both men.
► gas· This can lead to oxygen gas being released in blood vessels with potentially dangerous effects on the fish.· The oxygen ion passes through the membrane and emerges on the other side as pure oxygen gas.
► level· Patrick was grey and blue about the mouth and he appeared to have stopped breathing and his oxygen level was low.· Besides discussing ducks, the report also will look at reducing erosion, increasing oxygen levels and improving fishing.· As the water becomes overloaded with nutrients, the algae spreads and oxygen levels fall.· A few minutes of rest, and he recovered his oxygen level, although something within felt attenuated.· Cause: Low oxygen levels - particularly after a humid summer night.· Though not catastrophic, the drop in oxygen levels was bewildering.· High oxygen levels are not important, for the fish has an air bladder with which it can breathe air.· A separate oxygen analyser directly below screen checks oxygen levels and cuts off other gases if supply fails.
► mask· They placed an oxygen mask on my love and dared me to count up to ten.· The shock was terrific, he gasped into his oxygen mask, his hands clenching involuntarily.· He told me that the oxygen mask had pulled away from my face some, and that I was probably just blacking out.· But he saw nothing, nothing but dark sky: The oxygen mask was filled with sweat.· It felt good sitting there with the oxygen mask off and not having to worry about flak.· They coaxed everything from pygmy mice to snakes to cheetahs into running on a treadmill while wearing an oxygen mask.· He remembered his oxygen mask and placed it over his mouth after removing the smog mask.· The car with its whirring air conditioning was like an oxygen mask.
► radical· Chloroplast membranes are very susceptible to attack by oxygen radicals which are generated as a by-product of photochemistry.· The ones of interest here are a highly reactive chemical species called free oxygen radicals.· So could malaria parasites be destroyed by assaulting them with free oxygen radicals?· To confirm that it was due to free radical production he searched for a less complicated generator of oxygen radicals.· The source of oxygen radicals in gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin in rats is not clear.
► saturation· Pulse oximetry was used to monitor oxygen saturation and heart rate.· Hence, there is increased oxygen delivered to tissues for a given hemoglobin oxygen saturation.· Another assessment was done after 5 min stable oxygen saturation.· During the procedure pulse rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded every minute by the research nurse.· There was no significant correlation between the frequency of extrasystoles, either supraventricular or ventricular, and oxygen saturation values.· Among children who survived for at least five days arterial oxygen saturation on admission ranged from 41% to 98%.· The arterial oxygen saturation and pulse rate of all patients were monitored by pulse oximetry before and during the procedure.· Supplemental oxygen increases oxygen saturation but does not reduce the incidence of clinically important cardiac arrhythmias.
► species· Chemiluminescence is a reliable means of estimating reactive oxygen species in biological media.· Increased reactive oxygen species values in the inflamed colonic mucosa in rats were seen by chemiluminescence.· These three reactive oxygen species are believed to be responsible for tissue injury.· Chemiluminescence is a simple, sensitive, and reproducible technique that can be used to estimate reactive oxygen species in biological media.· Using chemiluminescence produced by cells and extracts, several investigators have showed the role of reactive oxygen species in different disorders.· In contrast, reports on the use of this technique for tissue reactive oxygen species are very limited.· One potential source for the increased values of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory bowel disease is the neutrophil.· This superoxide could then be metabolised further to other reactive oxygen species either in colonocytes or in neutrophils.
► supply· The flame is very sooty when the oxygen supply is limited.· And so some region of the brain might lose its oxygen supply.· Even higher organisms resort to fermentation as an auxiliary process when the oxygen supply is insufficient.· Is your oxygen supply at risk?· Don't tread around bushes to firm them, this will cut off the oxygen supply to the roots.· A forklift, a back-up generator, oxygen supplies, and a nurse and doctor were good to have along, too.· Typical dives may last five minutes with a one to two minute interval at the surface when they recharge their oxygen supplies.· Anaerobic activity does not require an oxygen supply to the muscles for a sudden, short burst of activity.
► tank· Then she groped at her shoulder to where the oxygen tank was moulded around her triceps.· I ran my hand over the huge jars lined up like oxygen tanks on the kitchen counters against the walls.· Unfortunately there was a problem with the oxygen tank that was not discovered until the countdown test.· A close inspection reveals that in a past life they were oxygen tanks.· The tiny oxygen tank on his back was uncomfortable but deemed necessary in case the mist became too choking.· In the meantime, he wandered the streets, wheeling an oxygen tank he needed to treat his emphysema, Ewing said.· But oxygen tanks fuelled the flames.· The tank that eventually found itself as oxygen tank 2 on Apollo 13 started its life in Apollo 10.
► tension· Our results show that poorly controlled surgical pain significantly reduces tissue-oxygen tension.· More effective lung perfusion and expansion may have contributed to the more favourable arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratios in the regulated group.· The arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio is a useful prognostic indicator.· Tarnow-Mordi etal found the mean arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio more closely associated with death than the worst arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio.· This accords with our finding that median arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio predicts respiratory outcome better than the minimum ratio.· Median and minimum arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratios for ventilated infants on the first day were significantly lower in the random group.· Wound tissue oxygen tension predicts the risk of wound infection in surgical patients.
► tent· And the idea of this odd man, his chimpanzee and oxygen tent in tow, running a business is bizarre.
VERB► absorb· This has walls thick with blood capillaries which absorb gaseous oxygen.· The walls of these are thick with blood vessels which absorb gaseous oxygen.· Fish have to absorb oxygen from water via their gills while whales absorb air via their lungs.· Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas which, when inhaled, limits the body's capacity to absorb oxygen.
► breathe· When we breathe we take oxygen into the body and expel the waste gas, carbon dioxide, or CO2.· He starts at 8 a. m. with an hour in the hyperbaric oxygen unit, breathing 100 percent oxygen at two atmospheres.· There they breathe in pure oxygen at high pressure.· The faster the heart beats the more rapidly we may be inclined to breathe and the more oxygen we take in.· This is the source of the oxygen which we all require and which we take in when we breathe.· In contrast to most plants, they breathe in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide.
► carry· The blood test for anaemia checks the level of haemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen through the blood.· Nitrite affects the fish by binding with the blood and preventing it carrying as much oxygen as normal.· The fast-growing capillaries bring blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to the swelling tumour.· Blood carries essential food and oxygen.· Vitamin B12 helps to produce red blood cells which carry oxygen, and therefore prevents anaemia and tiredness.· Eventually, animals may die because their respiratory pigment is no longer able to carry enough oxygen to support their metabolism.· It binds to haemoglobin much more readily than oxygen, thus allowing the blood to carry less oxygen.· But did you realise that smoking can impair the blood which carries oxygen to the brain and therefore decrease mental efficiency?
► combine· When they are burned, their carbon combines with oxygen from the atmosphere to form carbon dioxide gas.· Steam will break down the methanol and extract hydrogen to be combined with oxygen from the air.· Woodhead etal. combine such analyses with oxygen isotope analyses, and it is variations in the latter that are particularly significant.· These then combine with other oxygen molecules to form three-atom ozone molecules, resistant to ultraviolet radiation and able to absorb it.· Oxoanions are given the numerical value of the oxidation number of the element which combines with oxygen in the ion.
► contain· These are usually cyclic molecules, containing carbon-carbon bonds and oxygen atoms of general formula.· Compounds containing oxygen, which enhances octane rating, have also been added.· For example, one molecule of oxygen contains two atoms of oxygen.· The clays consist of silica tetrahedra and the octahedra contain magnesia surrounded by oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups.· As water contains oxygen, it does not in fact prevent the paint from drying anyway!
► generate· That released the firing pin, which in turn fired the percussion cap and triggered a chemical reaction that generated oxygen.
► increase· It was known that stimulation caused the heart to increase its oxygen consumption.· The temporary rise in blood pressure increases the oxygen requirements and creates an extra burden on the heart.· Leave pumped water to run night and day to increase oxygen content; add more water if needed.· Besides discussing ducks, the report also will look at reducing erosion, increasing oxygen levels and improving fishing.· Supplemental oxygen increases oxygen saturation but does not reduce the incidence of clinically important cardiac arrhythmias.· Hence, there is increased oxygen delivered to tissues for a given hemoglobin oxygen saturation.· This shift results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissue.
► need· This leads to the heart needing more oxygen.· But like the brain, a tumor needs oxygen.· She still needs oxygen for her underdeveloped lungs and needs several different drugs every day.· When neurons become active, they need more oxygen and glucose.· Your brain needs oxygen and that means you should breathe plenty of fresh air.· Secondly, most of these microorganisms need oxygen.· The plants would then only need to provide his oxygen.
► produce· Rainforests absorb carbon dioxide and produce the oxygen essential for all life, including our own.· The accumulation of lactate in the blood results from any mechanism that produces oxygen deprivation of tissues and thereby anaerobic metabolism.· And they produce oxygen which animals need to breathe, and which helps to replace that lost by burning fossil fuels.· They produced stable oxygen levels slightly higher than on Earth.· The submerged plants produce oxygen which dissolves in the water, keeping it well aerated.· They produce oxygen as a waste product, a normally lethal poison to the plant cell.· The antennae-trap web is now ready to catch more photons and produce more oxygen and electrons to continue the cycle.
► receive· After this blinded choice, patients were randomised again to receive air or oxygen.· The patient is receiving nasal oxygen.· Gavin however recovered after receiving oxygen and was able to drive home.· All contact lenses must be very carefully fitted to allow the cornea to receive enough oxygen.
► reduce· Our results show that poorly controlled surgical pain significantly reduces tissue-oxygen tension.· It has been shown that an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the water reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the blood.· This reduces the amount of oxygen available to the tissues.· Besides discussing ducks, the report also will look at reducing erosion, increasing oxygen levels and improving fishing.· Plant growth also surges in the sunlight, reducing available oxygen.
► release· These are now increasing needs for detergents to release oxygen at lower temperatures for modern fabrics.· Another dissolves ilmenite or some other iron mineral in sulfuric acid to release oxygen.· They then combine the hydrogen with carbon dioxide to form sugars and release the oxygen into the atmosphere.
► require· This would require oxygen at a rate of 0.025 cubic centimetres per hour or 0.6 cubic centimetres per day.· Beneficial anaerobic filter bacteria require oxygen to oxidise nitrites to safer nitrates.· Anaerobic activity does not require an oxygen supply to the muscles for a sudden, short burst of activity.· Such control requires that the oxygen concentration in the blood be accurately measured, and that breathing rate be adjusted accordingly.
► starve· Sealing food in an airtight jar starves the bacteria of oxygen and they are unable to reproduce.· Medical theorists suggest that these experiences are actually hallucinations caused by the brain's mood-controlling limbic system being starved of oxygen.
► use· Pulse oximetry was used to monitor oxygen saturation and heart rate.· A fish, like any other animal, uses oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide.· The advantage lay in their using less oxygen, being less tired and being able to carry more samples and equipment about.· The ethanol will then be trucked to a Total refinery to be used to add oxygen to gasoline.· When they eventually start decaying, they use up oxygen dissolved in the water.· Both missions depart from the space station using hydrogen-oxygen chemical propulsion.· Only instead of extracting oxygen from water, they use rock.· The two prototype pumps, installed in the eastern Paris suburbs of Colombes and Rueil-Malmaison, use liquid oxygen.