The photo-virucidal effect was confirmed by a decrease in virus infectivity.
Yveta Lhotáková, Lukáš Plíštil, Alena Morávková, Pavel Kubát, Kamil Lang, Jitka Forstová,Jiří Mosinger 2012, 'Virucidal Nanofiber Textiles Based on Photosensitized Production of Singlet Oxygen',PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0049226. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These complexes decreased the infectivity of influenza virus and had a direct virucidal action.
Nataliia Melnichuk, Larisa Semernikova, Zenoviy Tkachuk 2017, 'Complexes of Oligoribonucleotides with D-Mannitol Inhibit Hemagglutinin–Glycan Interactionand Suppress Influenza A Virus H1N1 (A/FM/1/47) Infectivity In Vitro', Pharmaceuticalshttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/10/3/71. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Further, fraction 3 showed important virucidal action.
María Carola Sabini, Laura Noelia Cariddi, Franco Matías Escobar, Fernando Mañas,Laura Comini, Delvis Iglesias, Mariana Larrauri, Susana Núñez Montoya, José Sereno,Marta Silvia Contigiani, Juan José Cantero, Liliana Inés Sabini 2016, 'Potent inhibition of Western Equine Encephalitis virus by a fraction rich in flavonoidsand phenolic acids obtained from Achyrocline satureioides', Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosiahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0102695X16300941. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
S. M. Adekenov, G. A. Atazhanova 2013, 'Heteroatom-Containing Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones and Methods for their Obtaining',Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal http://ect-journal.kz/index.php/ectj/article/view/339. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It has strong antiseptic, antibacterial, fungicidal and virucidal properties.
Andey Venkata Subhash, S. Suneela, Ch. Anuradha, S. N. Bhavani, M. Srinivas MinorBabu 2014, 'The role of Aloe vera in various fields of medicine and dentistry', Journal of Orofacial Scienceshttp://www.jofs.in/article.asp?issn=0975-8844;year=2014;volume=6;issue=1;spage=5;epage=9;aulast=Subhash. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Alternatively, the flavonoid 1 activity was restricted to its virucidal effect.
Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu, Caroline Sprengel Lima, Carina Machado Pereira, CintiaBittar, Mariana Nogueira Batista, Ana Carolina Nazaré, Carlos Roberto Polaquini, CarstenZothner, Mark Harris, Paula Rahal, Luis Octávio Regasini, Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim 2017, 'Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Entry', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-017-16336-y. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The virucidal activity and the inhibition of viral adsorption were also evaluated.
Rincão Vinicius, Yamamoto Kristie, Silva Ricardo Nágila, Soares Sandra, Paccola MeirellesLuzia, Nozawa Carlos, Carvalho Linhares Rosa 2012, 'Polysaccharide and extracts from Lentinula edodes: structural features and antiviralactivity', Virology Journalhttp://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/37. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These alcohols only have limited virucidal activity, while the following agents have full activity.
Sauerbrei Andreas, Schacke Michael, Glück Brigitte, Bust Uwe, Rabenau Holger F, WutzlerPeter 2012, 'Does limited virucidal activity of biocides include duck hepatitis B virucidal action?',BMC Infectious Diseaseshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/12/276. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Strong photo-virucidal effects toward non-enveloped polyomaviruses and enveloped baculoviruses were observed on the surface of these textiles.
Yveta Lhotáková, Lukáš Plíštil, Alena Morávková, Pavel Kubát, Kamil Lang, Jitka Forstová,Jiří Mosinger 2012, 'Virucidal Nanofiber Textiles Based on Photosensitized Production of Singlet Oxygen',PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0049226. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)