Overhunting, poaching and habitat loss are considered to be the main threats.
Sofia B. Rozenfeld, George V. Kirtaev, Natalya V. Rogova, Mikhail Yu. Soloviev 2019, 'Results of an aerial survey of the western population of Anser erythropus (Anserini)in autumn migration in Russia 2017', Nature Conservation Research: Zapovednaâ Naukahttp://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/article/178. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Legalizing trade could lead to overhunting except when market rules and competition come into place.
Nicole Ponta, Tina Cornioley, Anne Dray, Nathalie van Vliet, Patrick O. Waeber, ClaudeA. Garcia, Claude A. Garcia 2019, 'Hunting in Times of Change: Uncovering Indigenous Strategies in the Colombian AmazonUsing a Role-Playing Game', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolutionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2019.00034/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Importantly, domestication was preceded in both taxa by demographic and metric population parameters indicating severe overhunting.
Nimrod Marom, Guy Bar-Oz 2013, 'The Prey Pathway: A Regional History of Cattle (Bos taurus) and Pig (Sus scrofa) Domesticationin the Northern Jordan Valley, Israel', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0055958. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Habitat destruction and overhunting are two major drivers of mammal population declines and extinctions in tropical forests.
Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Antony J Lynam, David Gaveau, Wei Lim Yap, Stanislav Lhota,Miriam Goosem, Susan Laurance, William F Laurance 2014, 'Where and how are roads endangering mammals in Southeast Asia's forests?', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4270763?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)