The pentavalent vaccine was safe both for primary and booster vaccinations.
Faingezicht Idis, Avila-Aguerro Maria Luisa, Cervantes Yolanda, Fourneau Marc, ClemensSue Ann Costa 2002, 'Primary and booster vaccination with DTPw-HB/Hib pentavalent vaccine in Costa Ricanchildren who had received a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine', Revista Panamericana de Salud Públicahttp://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892002001000005. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Pentavalent antimonials are the first choice for the treatment of human leishmaniasis.
W.W. Arrais-Silva, P.S.G. Nunes, J.D. Carvalho, M.W. Brune, C. Arrais-Lima, C. Batalini 2014, 'Preliminary phytochemical and antileishmanial studies of the ethanolic extracts ofPterodon pudescens', Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinaishttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-05722014000300013&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The situation was worst for the last pentavalent- and oral polio vaccines.
Sanders David, Zembe Wanga, Engebretsen Ingunn MS, Jackson Debra, Fadnes Lars T, SommerfeltHalvor, Tylleskär Thorkild 2011, 'Vaccination coverage and timeliness in three South African areas: a prospective study',BMC Public Healthhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/404. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The pentavalent antimonies, mainly the meglumine antimoniate, are recommends as first-choice medicines for leishmaniasis therapy.
Lúcio Mendes Cabral, Vânia Neves Moreira Juliano, Luiza Rosario Sousa Dias, CamilaBraga Dornelas, Carlos Rangel Rodrigues, Michele Villardi, Helena Carla Castro, TerezsaCristina dos Santos 2008, 'Speciation of antimony (III) and antimony (V) using hydride generation for meglumineantimoniate pharmaceutical formulationsquality control', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762008000200002. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Other works support the direct involvement of pentavalent antimony.
Raul R. Ribeiro, Cynthia Demicheli, Frédéric Frézard 2009, 'Pentavalent Antimonials: New Perspectives for Old Drugs', Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/7/2317/. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Chemical analyses showed that the pentavalent form of arsenic was present.
MARJANA SIMONIC 2009, 'Removal of inorganic As5+ from a small drinking water system', Journal of the Serbian Chemical Societyhttp://www.shd.org.rs/JSCS/Vol74/No1/09_4044_3811.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The proportion of early vaccination was 3% for pentavalent 3 and 12% for measles.
Nurnabi Sheikh, Marufa Sultana, Nausad Ali, Raisul Akram, Rashidul Alam Mahumud,Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Abdur Razzaque Sarker 2018, 'Coverage, Timelines, and Determinants of Incomplete Immunization in Bangladesh', Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseasehttp://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/3/3/72. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Of the 97.9% patients treated, 78.2% used pentavalent antimony.
Ana Lúcia Lyrio de Oliveira, Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago, Maria Elizabeth CavalheirosDorval, Elisa Teruya Oshiro, Cássia Rejane Leal, Marcos Sanches, Rivaldo Venâncioda Cunha, Márcio Neves Bóia 2006, 'Foco emergente de leishmaniose visceral em Mato Grosso do Sul Emergent outbreak ofvisceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso do Sul State', Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropicalhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822006000500005. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The control group consisted of 97 patients that were successfully treated with pentavalentantimony.
Santos Mácia A., Marques Raynério C., Farias Carolinne A., Vasconcelos Danielle M.,Stewart Jay M., Costa Dorcas L., Costa Carlos H.N. 2002, 'Predictors of an unsatisfactory response to pentavalent antimony in the treatmentof American visceral leishmaniasis', Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropicalhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822002000600014. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)